CN114480168B - Bacillus coagulans and application thereof in corn soaking - Google Patents

Bacillus coagulans and application thereof in corn soaking Download PDF

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CN114480168B
CN114480168B CN202111592562.6A CN202111592562A CN114480168B CN 114480168 B CN114480168 B CN 114480168B CN 202111592562 A CN202111592562 A CN 202111592562A CN 114480168 B CN114480168 B CN 114480168B
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corn
bacillus coagulans
soaking
microbial inoculum
corn steep
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CN114480168A (en
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佟毅
孙亚琴
夏文静
修志龙
赵雪松
李义
金渭武
王小艳
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Dalian University of Technology
Cofco Jilin Bio Chemical Technology Co Ltd
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Cofco Jilin Bio Chemical Technology Co Ltd
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    • C08B30/00Preparation of starch, degraded or non-chemically modified starch, amylose, or amylopectin
    • C08B30/02Preparatory treatment, e.g. crushing of raw materials or steeping process
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    • C12N1/00Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20Bacteria; Culture media therefor

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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of corn deep processing, and particularly discloses bacillus coagulans and application thereof in corn soaking, wherein the preservation number of the bacillus coagulans is CGMCC No.23993. The bacillus coagulans provided by the invention has the characteristics of acid resistance, high temperature resistance and the like, and can obviously improve the yield of corn starch, shorten the soaking time and reduce SO when being used for corn soaking 2 The usage amount is as follows. In addition, when the bacillus coagulans provided by the invention is used for corn soaking, corn kernels do not need to be crushed, and the corn soaking can be performed by adopting a one-step method, so that the process is simplified, and the bacillus coagulans is more suitable for industrial production and application.

Description

Bacillus coagulans and application thereof in corn soaking
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of corn deep processing, in particular to bacillus coagulans and application thereof in corn soaking.
Background
The production of corn starch is mainly divided into two types, namely dry method and wet method, wherein the wet method process is a starch preparation process which is widely applied at present. In the wet process, corn kernels are soaked and then subjected to coarse and fine grinding, so that germs, fibers and proteins are separated, and finally the high-purity corn starch is obtained. The soaking is the first process in the corn starch wet production process, and the influence of the quality of the soaking effect on the corn starch yield is quite remarkable.
The purpose of soaking is to soften the corn kernel, break or weaken the binding force between the protein and the starch granules, and enable the starch to be free. Currently, conventional corn steep processes typically require the addition of higher concentrations of SO to the steep liquor 2 (usually around 2000-5000 ppm) to sufficiently disrupt the protein network structure that is encapsulated outside the starch. SO in corn steep water 2 The concentration has a great influence on the corn soaking effect, and in general, SO 2 The higher the concentration, the easier the starch separation, and when the concentration is less than 1000ppm, the dispersion effect on the protein network is weak, and the starch separation is difficult.
However, a large amount of SO 2 On the one hand, the use of the starch product can cause the problems of environmental pollution, equipment corrosion and the like, and on the other hand, the residual sulfurous acid in the starch product is too high to influence the product quality and can not meet the food safety requirement. In addition, the soaking time is longest in the whole corn starch extraction process, and the energy consumption is high, so that the soaking period has an important influence on the corn starch production efficiency.
In recent years, researchers at home and abroad reduce SO in the corn soaking process in order to improve the corn soaking efficiency 2 In use, corn steep processes utilizing enzyme preparations or microbial agents for auxiliary steep have been developed. However, the cost of the enzyme preparation is high, the use condition is severe, and the large-scale application under the industrial condition is difficult. Furthermore, because the corn is soaked at a relatively high temperature (typically about 50 ℃), when an enzyme preparation or a microbial inoculum is used for auxiliary soaking, a stepwise soaking method is usually required in consideration of the activity of the enzyme or the strain, i.e., SO-containing soaking stages under different temperature conditions are used 2 The corn steep water and the steep water containing the enzyme preparation or the microbial inoculum are used for corn steep. In addition, to obtainThe corn kernels are crushed when the corn kernels are soaked with the ideal soaking effect by adopting an enzyme preparation or a microbial inoculum auxiliary soaking method. Thus, although the use of enzyme preparation or microbial inoculum improves the corn steep effect and reduces SO 2 But also increases equipment investment and energy consumption, prolongs the process flow and is unfavorable for improving the production efficiency of corn starch.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the SO in the corn soaking process existing in the prior art 2 The bacillus coagulans strain has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, acid resistance and the like, and when the bacillus coagulans strain and the microbial inoculum prepared based on the bacillus coagulans strain are used for corn soaking, the soaking time can be shortened and the SO (SO) can be reduced 2 Compared with the corn soaking technology adopting enzyme preparation or microbial inoculum for auxiliary soaking in the prior art, the method provided by the invention is simpler to operate and easier to industrially popularize.
In order to achieve the above purpose, in one aspect, the present invention provides a bacillus coagulans (Bacillus coagulans), wherein the preservation number of the bacillus coagulans is CGMCC No.23993.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a microbial inoculum for improving corn steep effect, wherein the microbial inoculum contains bacillus coagulans as described above.
In a third aspect, the invention provides the use of a bacillus coagulans or microbial inoculum as described above in corn deep processing.
In a fourth aspect the invention provides a method of corn steep liquor comprising inoculating bacillus coagulans or a microbial agent as described above into the corn steep liquor for corn steep.
Through the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) When the bacillus coagulans and the microbial inoculum prepared based on the bacillus coagulans are used for soaking corn, the soaking effect is good, and the starch yield is high.
(2) When the bacillus coagulans and the microbial inoculum prepared based on the bacillus coagulans provided by the invention are used for soaking corn, the usage amount of sulfur dioxide can be reduced (the usage amount of sulfur dioxide can be reduced to 0 at most), and the food safety is improved.
(3) The bacillus coagulans provided by the invention has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, acid resistance and the like, so that corn soaking can be carried out by inoculating the strain into corn soaking liquid by adopting a one-step method, namely, step soaking with sulfur dioxide-containing soaking liquid is not needed when corn soaking is carried out, and crushing treatment is not needed when corn soaking is carried out.
Preservation of organisms
Bacillus coagulans (Bacillus coagulans) in the invention is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (address: national institute of microbiology: 100101) (abbreviated as CGMCC of preservation unit) of China general microbiological culture Collection center (China general microbiological culture Collection center: CGMCC No. 23993) of North west way No. 1 of the Korean area of Beijing, wherein the preservation number is CGMCC.
Detailed Description
The endpoints and any values of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and are understood to encompass values approaching those ranges or values. For numerical ranges, one or more new numerical ranges may be found between the endpoints of each range, between the endpoint of each range and the individual point value, and between the individual point value, in combination with each other, and are to be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
In the present invention, unless specifically described, the terms "bacillus coagulans" and "bacillus coagulans" refer to bacillus coagulans CGMCC No.23993 provided by the present invention.
The inventor of the present invention found an acid-resistant and high temperature-resistant bacillus coagulans (Bacillus coagulans) by accident during the course of the study, and found that the bacillus coagulans had stable fermentation performance and at the same time could produce lactic acid by using saccharides. In addition, when the strain is added into corn soaking water, the corn soaking effect can be stably improved, and the corn starch yield can be improved.
Based on the above findings, the present invention provides a bacillus coagulans strain (Bacillus coagulans) with a preservation number of CGMCC No.23993.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a microbial inoculum for improving corn steep effect, wherein the microbial inoculum contains bacillus coagulans as described above.
In the invention, the content of bacillus coagulans CGMCC No.23993 in the microbial inoculum is not particularly limited, so long as the microbial inoculum can improve the soaking effect and the corn starch yield when being used for corn soaking.
In the microbial inoculum provided by the invention, only bacillus coagulans CGMCC No.23993 can be used as an active ingredient, and other strains (capable of improving the corn soaking effect) can be used as auxiliary ingredients on the basis of taking bacillus coagulans CGMCC No.23993 as a main active ingredient.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the microbial inoculum contains only the bacillus coagulans as an active ingredient.
The microbial inoculum provided by the invention can contain auxiliary materials besides bacillus coagulans CGMCC No.23993 (and auxiliary bacteria) as active components. The "adjuvant" refers to a non-bacterial ingredient that has no (substantial) effect on the action and effect of the active ingredient. Preferably, the auxiliary materials can be substances with functions of assisting in prolonging the shelf life of the microbial inoculum and improving the action and effect of active components in the microbial inoculum, and are helpful for preparing the microbial inoculum, maintaining the activity and the like. For example, the auxiliary materials can be drying agents, protective agents (such as freeze-drying protective agents and the like), and the like.
In the present invention, the specific type of the microbial inoculum is not particularly limited, and may be any microbial inoculum type that is conventionally used in corn steep processes in the art. For example, it may be a solid (dry powder) microbial agent, a liquid microbial agent, a concentrated (semi-liquid) microbial agent, or the like.
In a third aspect, the invention provides the use of a bacillus coagulans or microbial inoculum as described above in corn deep processing.
In a fourth aspect the invention provides a method of corn steep liquor comprising inoculating bacillus coagulans or a microbial agent as hereinbefore described into the corn steep liquor for corn steep liquor.
In the present invention, the specific conditions for corn steep are not particularly limited, and can be adjusted according to the specific raw materials, process and the like. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the conditions for steeping corn comprise: soaking temperature is 48-53 ℃, pH is 2-6, and soaking time is 20-45h. Wherein pH2-6 refers to the initial pH of corn steep water of 2-6, preferably 2.5-5. For example, it may be 2.5, 2.7, 2.8, 3, 3.2, 3.5, 3.8, 4, 4.5, 4.8, 5, or any intermediate value between any two of the above values.
Preferably, the soaking time is 30-45 hours. For example, 30h, 32h, 34h, 36h, 38h, 40h, 42h, 45h, or any intermediate value between any two of the above values may be used.
In the invention, the use amount of bacillus coagulans CGMCC No.23993 or a microbial inoculum is not limited, so long as the corn soaking effect can be improved. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the Bacillus coagulans or the microbial inoculum is inoculated in an amount such that the effective viable count of Bacillus coagulans in the corn steep liquor is 10 6 -10 8 CFU/mL。10 6 -10 8 CFU/mL means that the effective viable count of the bacillus coagulans in the corn steep liquor reaches 10 6 -10 8 Horizontal, e.g. 1X 10 6 、5×10 6 、8×10 6 、9.9×10 6 All belong to 10 6 Horizontal. That is, in the present invention, the effective viable count of Bacillus coagulans in the corn steep liquor ranges from 1X 10 or more 6 CFU/mL to less than 1X 10 9 CFU/mL。
Preferably, the bacillus coagulans or the microbial inoculum is inoculated in an amount such that the effective viable count of bacillus coagulans in the corn steep waterIs 10 6 -10 7 CFU/mL。
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bacillus coagulans CGMCC No.23993 or the microbial agent may be prepared into a homogeneous aqueous solution (microbial suspension) before the aqueous solution (microbial suspension) is mixed with the corn steep liquor, in comparison to directly contacting the (solid) microbial agent with the corn kernels in the corn steep liquor more uniformly, thereby further improving the corn steep effect. The specific concentration of bacillus coagulans CGMCC No.23993 (and auxiliary bacteria) in the aqueous solution (bacterial suspension) is not particularly limited as long as the concentration thereof after mixing with the corn steep liquor meets the aforementioned requirements.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bacillus coagulans CGMCC No.23993 or the microbial inoculum can also be inoculated into a culture medium (for expansion culture), so as to obtain a culture solution containing the bacillus coagulans CGMCC No.23993, and then the culture solution is mixed with corn steep water. The specific concentration of bacillus coagulans CGMCC No.23993 in the culture solution is not particularly limited as long as the concentration after mixing with the corn steep liquor meets the aforementioned requirements.
Preferably, the content of bacillus coagulans CGMCC No.23993 in the culture solution is such that the OD of the culture solution 600 The value is 5 or more, preferably 5 to 7.
In the present invention, the medium for expansion culture is not particularly limited as long as it is suitable for the growth and propagation of Bacillus coagulans. For example, corn steep liquor dry (CSLP) medium and the like can be used.
In the present invention, the conditions for the expansion culture are not particularly limited, and they may be adjusted according to the characteristics of Bacillus coagulans CGMCC No.23993 and the culture effects (e.g., the length of the culture time, the expansion culture effect, etc.). Preferably, the conditions for the expansion culture include: the temperature is 48-52 ℃ and the time is 20-30h. The propagation may be performed under shaking conditions (e.g., rotation speed of 100-300rpm, shaking scale of 100-1000mL, etc.).
Through further researches, the inventor of the invention discovers that after bacillus coagulans CGMCC No.23993 provided by the invention is inoculated into corn soaking liquid, the corn soaking effect can be effectively improved without adding sulfur dioxide, and the ideal corn starch yield is obtained. And after a small amount of sulfur dioxide is added, the corn soaking effect can be further improved.
Based on the above findings, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the corn steep water is free of sulfur dioxide.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the corn steep water further comprises sulfur dioxide.
In the present invention, the amount of sulfur dioxide is not particularly limited as long as it can further improve the corn steep effect. In order to obtain ideal corn soaking effect and control nitrite residue caused by sulfur dioxide, the food safety of the obtained corn starch is improved, the influence of sulfur dioxide on environment and equipment is reduced, and preferably, the sulfur dioxide content in the corn soaking liquid is not more than 1000ppm.
More preferably, the sulfur dioxide content of the corn steep water is no more than 800ppm. Preferably 400-800ppm, more preferably 600-800ppm.
The inventor of the invention also discovers that the bacillus coagulans CGMCC No.23993 provided by the invention is inoculated into corn soaking liquid in the research process, and the ideal soaking effect can be obtained without crushing corn (grains) when corn is soaked.
Thus, based on the above findings, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method does not comprise a step of crushing the corn.
In addition, the bacillus coagulans CGMCC No.23993 provided by the invention has the characteristics of acid resistance, high temperature resistance and the like, SO that corn (grains) can be directly soaked in the bacillus coagulans CGMCC No.23993 (and SO) 2 ) The corn soaking liquid adopts the soaking conditions to carry out one-step corn soaking.
The present invention will be described in detail by examples. It should be understood that the following examples are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the invention.
In the examples below, unless otherwise specified, reagents were used, all purchased from regular chemical or biological reagent suppliers, and were chemically pure.
In the following examples, the treatment temperature was room temperature (25.+ -. 3 ℃ C.) unless otherwise specified.
In the following examples, the formulation of the corn steep liquor dry powder medium used was: 20g/L glucose, 16g/L corn steep liquor dry powder, 2g/L citric acid triammonium, 2g/L sodium acetate, 2g/L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2g/L magnesium sulfate and 0.05g/L manganese sulfate.
Example 1
The embodiment is used for explaining the separation, purification and preservation of the bacillus coagulans CGMCC No.23993.
Isolation and purification of strains
The inventor of the invention separates bacillus coagulans CGMCC No.23993 from corn soaking liquid adopted by countercurrent soaking technology in corn starch production line of medium grain biochemical energy (elm) limited company. The specific separation and purification process is as follows:
adopts corn steep liquor dry powder liquid culture medium as enrichment culture medium, and comprises the following components: 20g/L of glucose, 10g/L of beef extract, 10g/L of peptone, 5g/L of yeast extract, 2g/L of tri-ammonium citrate, 5g/L of sodium acetate, 2g/L of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2g/L of magnesium sulfate and 0.05g/L of manganese sulfate.
Taking 0.5mL of corn soaking solution obtained when corn is soaked for 6h in a countercurrent soaking process from medium grain biochemical energy (elm) limited company, placing the corn soaking solution in an enrichment medium, and carrying out subculture in a constant temperature incubator at 50+/-2 ℃ for 24h in each generation.
After 20 passages, the growth of thalli tends to be stable, and the microbial flora with high temperature resistance, acid resistance, lactic acid production capacity and stable flora structure is obtained by separation. Single colony DUT21 is separated from the microbial flora by streaking, separating and purifying by a coating plate, and the strain DUT21 is bacillus coagulans (Bacillus coagulans) by 16s rDNA complete sequence comparison and identification (entrusted to biological engineering (Shanghai) Co., ltd.).
(II) preservation of strains
The separated bacillus coagulans (Bacillus coagulans) DUT21 is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (address: north Chen West Lu No. 1, 3 of the Korean area of Beijing, national academy of sciences microbiological institute, postal code: 100101) (preservation unit is abbreviated as CGMCC) at the China general microbiological culture Collection center (China general microbiological collection center), with a preservation number of CGMCC No. 23993).
Example 2
The embodiment is used for explaining the improvement of the soaking effect of bacillus coagulans CGMCC No.23993 on corn.
Bacillus coagulans DUT21 was cultured using corn steep liquor dry powder medium, specific culture conditions included: shaking culture was performed at 200rpm for 24 hours at 50.+ -. 2 ℃ to obtain a culture solution of DUT21 for use. By detecting the OD of the DUT21 culture solution 600 Has a value of about 6.1.+ -. 0.7 (the effective viable count of the reduced DUT21 is about 6.08X10) 8 CFU/mL)。
Effect of bacillus coagulans DUT21 inoculum size on corn steep effect
Corn steep water was used in an inoculum size of 4 vol%, 6 vol%, 8 vol%, 10 vol%, 12 vol% of DUT21 culture medium, and a total volume of 150mL (balance sterile water). Introducing a certain amount of SO into the soaking solution 2 SO that SO in the soaking solution 2 Is 1000ppm. 40g of corn kernels are added into the corn steep liquor, and the mixture is soaked for 44 hours at 50+/-2 ℃ to obtain a soaked mixture.
The soaked mixture is finely crushed and then sequentially passes through a 50-mesh sieve and a 200-mesh sieve, and the filtrate is sequentially subjected to standing overnight (room temperature, about 15 h), centrifugal separation (3700 rpm,10 min) and drying (50+/-2 ℃ and drying to constant weight) to obtain the corn starch.
The following formula was used to calculate the corn starch yields obtained for different inoculum sizes, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.
Corn starch yield (%) = (W2/W1) ×100%
Wherein W2 is the mass (g) of the corn starch obtained; w1 is the dry weight (g) of the soaked corn.
TABLE 1
(II) SO in the soaking solution 2 Influence of concentration on corn soaking effect
Corn steep water having an inoculum size of 10% by volume and a total volume of 150mL (balance sterile water) was used with DUT21 broth, and varying amounts of SO were introduced into the steep water 2 SO that the SO in the soaking solution 2 The content was 0, 400, 600, 800 and 1000ppm, respectively. 40g of corn kernels are added into the corn steep liquor and soaked for 44 hours at 50+/-2 ℃. Corn starch was prepared using the method of test (one) and the corn starch yield was calculated. The results are detailed in Table 2.
TABLE 2
Note that: in Table 2, yield I is that of SO alone 2 Corn starch yield of the soaked control group is obtained by adopting bacillus coagulans and SO 2 Corn starch yield of the combined soaking experimental group.
(III) Effect of soaking time on corn soaking Effect
A corn steep with 10% by volume of DUT21 broth and a total volume of 150mL (balance sterile water) was used, and SO was introduced into the corn steep 2 The sulfur dioxide content in the soaking solution was set to 1000ppm. 40g of corn grains are added into the corn soaking liquid and respectively soaked for 24 hours, 30 hours, 36 hours and 40 hours at 50+/-2 ℃. Corn starch was prepared using the method of test (one) and the corn starch yield was calculated. The results are detailed in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Table 3
Soaking time/h 24 30 36 40
Corn starch yield/% 47.0 61.2 63.5 63.2
As can be seen from the contents of Table 3, in the process of preparing corn starch, corn soaking with the corn soaking solution containing DUT21 culture solution can achieve corn starch yield of more than 60% only by 30 hours. This demonstrates that bacillus coagulans DUT21 can effectively shorten the corn steep time, improving the corn steep effect.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, a number of simple variants of the technical solution of the invention are possible, including combinations of the individual technical features in any other suitable way, which simple variants and combinations should likewise be regarded as being disclosed by the invention, all falling within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims (14)

1. The bacillus coagulans (Bacillus coagulans) is characterized by having a preservation number of CGMCC No.23993.
2. A microbial inoculum for improving corn soaking effect, which is characterized in that the microbial inoculum contains the bacillus coagulans according to claim 1.
3. The microbial inoculum according to claim 2, wherein the microbial inoculum contains only the bacillus coagulans as an effective component.
4. A microbial agent according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the microbial agent further comprises an auxiliary material.
5. The microbial agent of claim 4, wherein the adjuvant is selected from a desiccant and/or a protectant.
6. Use of bacillus coagulans according to claim 1 or a microbial inoculum according to any one of claims 2-5 in corn further processing.
7. A method for steeping corn, comprising inoculating bacillus coagulans according to claim 1 or a microbial inoculum according to any one of claims 2-5 into a corn steep liquor for steeping corn.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the corn steep conditions comprise: soaking temperature is 48-53 ℃, pH is 2-6, and soaking time is 20-45h.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the bacillus coagulans or the microbial inoculum is inoculated in an amount such that the effective viable count of bacillus coagulans in the corn steep liquor is 10 6 -10 8 CFU/mL。
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the bacillus coagulans or the microbial inoculum is inoculated in an amount such that the corn steep liquorThe effective viable count of the bacillus coagulans is 10 6 -10 7 CFU/mL。
11. The method of claim 7 wherein the corn steep water further comprises sulfur dioxide.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the sulfur dioxide content of the corn steep liquor is no more than 1000ppm.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the sulfur dioxide content of the corn steep liquor is no more than 800ppm.
14. A method according to any one of claims 7 to 13, wherein the method does not include the step of crushing the corn.
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