CN114478133A - 一种天然来源腐殖酸螯合钙肥及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种天然来源腐殖酸螯合钙肥及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种天然来源腐殖酸螯合钙肥，包括以下质量份的原料：鸡蛋壳4‑6份、骨粉4‑6份、醋液13‑17份、天然硼砂1‑3份、黄腐酸2‑4份、黄腐酸钾1‑3份、黄原胶0.8‑1.2份；还公开了该天然来源腐殖酸螯合钙肥的制备方法和应用。本天然来源腐殖酸螯合钙肥易被作物吸收，而且竹醋中含有微量元素、能够促进植物生长，还能提高植物抗病性，并具有一定的杀菌效果，黄腐酸和微量元素发生螯合反应，生成溶解性好可被植物吸收的腐殖酸微量元素螯合物，有利于根系和叶面吸收。可以作为生态有机农业上使用的投入物质，原料来自天然来源，蛋壳和骨粉作为有机废弃物得到循环利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农业技术领域，尤其是涉及一种天然来源腐殖酸螯合钙肥及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
钙是作物生长所需的中量元素，钙能稳定生物膜结构，保持细胞的完整性，以及植物的抗逆性、作物品质等方面有重要的作用。作物缺少钙，不仅导致生理症状还会导致病害。植株顶芽、测芽、根尖等分生组织蒸腾作用较弱，依靠蒸腾作用供应的钙很少，同时钙在韧皮部运输能力很小，致使幼叶首先缺钙，缺钙的分生组织出现缺素症，易腐烂死亡，幼叶卷曲畸形，例如缺钙使甘蓝、白菜和莴苣等出现叶焦病；番茄、辣椒、西瓜等出现脐腐病；苹果出现水心病和苦痘病。
施用石灰是一种传统的补充土壤钙素的方法，植物根系吸收很少量石灰中的钙；但可能会加重土壤盐碱化(特别是北方碱性土壤)。目前市场上销售的肥料，大多数是植物较难吸收、利用的无机态钙，且没有考虑钙和其它营养元素之间协调增效对作物的增产作用。市场上，一部分钙肥使用用螯合剂(如EDTA、EDDS)进行螯合微量元素，但是螯合剂具有成本高、不易被土壤微生物降解的特性，这会增加土壤中的重金属的活性和迁移性，对环境具有潜在风险。无机的液体钙肥，在有机农业上被禁止使用；目前，在有机方式种植上，缺少天然来源的液体钙肥。
发明内容
发明目的：为了克服背景技术的不足，本发明的第一目的是公开一种天然来源腐殖酸螯合钙肥；第二目的是公开该天然来源腐殖酸螯合钙肥的制备方法；第三目的是公开该天然来源腐殖酸螯合钙肥在番茄种植上的应用。
技术方案：本发明公开的天然来源腐殖酸螯合钙肥，包括以下质量份的原料：鸡蛋壳4-6份、骨粉4-6份、醋液13-17份、天然硼砂1-3份、黄腐酸2-4份、黄腐酸钾1-3份、黄原胶0.8-1.2份。
进一步的，所述醋液为竹醋液或者木醋液。
上述天然来源腐殖酸螯合钙肥的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、制备溶液一
取鸡蛋壳和骨粉烘干后粉碎，加入醋液，浸置，取上清液；
S2、制备溶液二
取黄腐酸和黄腐酸钾，加水，制得黄腐酸钾水溶液；
S3、制备助剂
取黄原胶加水，搅匀，静置；
S4、制备复合溶液
取溶液一和溶液二混合稀释，加入天然硼砂和助剂，混合均匀；
S5、制肥
将复合溶液在反应釜中控温反应制得天然来源腐殖酸螯合钙肥。
上述天然来源腐殖酸螯合钙肥的应用，将所述天然来源腐殖酸螯合钙肥应用于番茄种植，将其稀释200倍后对番茄植株进行叶面喷施。
有益效果：与现有技术相比，本发明的优点为：
本天然来源腐殖酸螯合钙肥易被作物吸收，而且竹醋中含有微量元素、能够促进植物生长，还能提高植物抗病性，并具有一定的杀菌效果，黄腐酸和微量元素发生螯合反应，生成溶解性好可被植物吸收的腐殖酸微量元素螯合物，有利于根系和叶面吸收。可以作为生态有机农业上使用的投入物质，原料来自天然来源，蛋壳和骨粉作为有机废弃物得到重新利用。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明。
实施例1
一种天然来源腐殖酸螯合钙肥，包括以下质量份的原料：鸡蛋壳4份、骨粉4份、竹醋液13份、天然硼砂1份、黄腐酸2份、黄腐酸钾1份、黄原胶0.8份。
该天然来源腐殖酸螯合钙肥的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、制备溶液一
取鸡蛋壳和骨粉100℃烘干后粉碎至100目，加入竹醋液，浸置48h，取上清液；
S2、制备溶液二
取黄腐酸和黄腐酸钾，加其总量4倍的水，制得黄腐酸钾水溶液；
S3、制备助剂
取黄原胶加10倍60℃的水，搅匀，静置24h；
S4、制备复合溶液
取溶液一和溶液二混合稀释20倍，加入天然硼砂和助剂，混合均匀；
S5、制肥
将复合溶液在反应釜中60℃控温反应8h制得天然来源腐殖酸螯合钙肥。
应用：可将该天然来源腐殖酸螯合钙肥稀释200倍后对番茄植株进行叶面喷施。
实施例2
一种天然来源腐殖酸螯合钙肥，包括以下质量份的原料：鸡蛋壳5份、骨粉5份、竹醋液15份、天然硼砂2份、黄腐酸3份、黄腐酸钾2份、黄原胶1份。
其制备方法与实施例1一致。
实施例3
一种天然来源腐殖酸螯合钙肥，包括以下质量份的原料：鸡蛋壳6份、骨粉6份、竹醋液17份、天然硼砂3份、黄腐酸4份、黄腐酸钾3份、黄原胶1.2份。
其制备方法与实施例1一致。
试验例
测试实施例2制备的天然来源腐殖酸螯合钙肥施用于番茄种植，观测对番茄作物的影响。田间试验小区设置在阜阳市农业科学院科技示范园试验田，试验试验分为3个处理，1个空白对照，三个重复，试验选用3种不同种类的液体钙肥(本方法液体钙肥、EDTA螯合钙肥、硝酸铵钙)，分别在幼果期、膨大期及幼果期+膨大期三个时间进行叶面喷施(幼果期+膨大期是指从幼果期开始到膨大期整个时期喷施钙肥，下同)。
采用随机区组设计，小区面积为20m×8m＝125m2。整地、设置保护行、试验地区划，小区单灌单排，避免串灌串排，各小区用覆膜田硬隔开。供试土壤为黄棕壤土，供试作物番茄，供试液体肥为上述概述中制备得到的液体钙肥，以随机区组方法安排试验小区试验。测定内容包括实际产量、单果重、果实密度、可溶性糖、可溶性固形物、脐腐病发病率。可溶性糖的测定方法是蒽酮比色法；随机取30个有代表性的果实称重，取平均值(g)，果实密度用排水法测定。
试验数据采用Excel 2020和SPSS 17.0(P<0.05)进行统计分析。试验处理和对作物产量的影响分别如下表所示：
表1试验处理及施肥量
表2为不同处理对番茄实际产量和品质的影响。C1处理单果重最高，分别比CK、C2、C3高5.48％、3.71％、4.83％，CK和C3无明显差异。C1处理果实密度为1.158g·cm-3，本技术液体钙肥果实密度最高，果实紧实，C1处理亩产比C2处理高3.67％，比空白对照高18.49％，本技术制作液体钙肥对果实增产有明显效果。从脐腐病发生率来比较，C1、C2处理脐腐病发生较轻，都在5％以下。C1处理果实可溶性固形物量最高，分别比CK、C2、C3高12.5％、6.7％、10.5％，从数据分析来看，C1处理在提高果实产品和品质方面具有明显优势。
表2不同施肥处理番茄产量及品质
Claims (4)
1.一种天然来源腐殖酸螯合钙肥，其特征在于，包括以下质量份的原料：鸡蛋壳4-6份、骨粉4-6份、醋液13-17份、天然硼砂1-3份、黄腐酸2-4份、黄腐酸钾1-3份、黄原胶0.8-1.2份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的天然来源腐殖酸螯合钙肥，其特征在于：所述醋液为竹醋液或者木醋液。
3.权利要求1所述的天然来源腐殖酸螯合钙肥的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、制备溶液一
取鸡蛋壳和骨粉烘干后粉碎，加入醋液，浸置，取上清液；
S2、制备溶液二
取黄腐酸和黄腐酸钾，加水，制得黄腐酸钾水溶液；
S3、制备助剂
取黄原胶加水，搅匀，静置；
S4、制备复合溶液
取溶液一和溶液二混合稀释，加入天然硼砂和助剂，混合均匀；
S5、制肥
将复合溶液在反应釜中控温反应制得天然来源腐殖酸螯合钙肥。
4.权利要求1或者3所述的天然来源腐殖酸螯合钙肥的应用，其特征在于：将所述天然来源腐殖酸螯合钙肥应用于番茄种植，将其稀释200倍后对番茄植株进行叶面喷施。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0598264A (ja) * | 1991-10-09 | 1993-04-20 | Sanin Netsukaritsuchi:Kk | 木酢粉末及びその製造方法 |
| CN108741093A (zh) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-11-06 | 广西山水牛畜牧业有限责任公司 | 一种牛骨中钙的提取方法 |
| CN109574764A (zh) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-04-05 | 中山市承铭农业技术开发有限公司 | 一种腐植酸水溶肥的制作方法 |
| CN111777465A (zh) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-10-16 | 山东泉嘉福生物科技有限公司 | 一种液体水溶肥及其制备方法 |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0598264A (ja) * | 1991-10-09 | 1993-04-20 | Sanin Netsukaritsuchi:Kk | 木酢粉末及びその製造方法 |
| CN108741093A (zh) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-11-06 | 广西山水牛畜牧业有限责任公司 | 一种牛骨中钙的提取方法 |
| CN109574764A (zh) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-04-05 | 中山市承铭农业技术开发有限公司 | 一种腐植酸水溶肥的制作方法 |
| CN111777465A (zh) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-10-16 | 山东泉嘉福生物科技有限公司 | 一种液体水溶肥及其制备方法 |
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