CN114473227A - Laser processing method for corrosion-resistant black sculpture of stainless steel - Google Patents
Laser processing method for corrosion-resistant black sculpture of stainless steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN114473227A CN114473227A CN202210315841.6A CN202210315841A CN114473227A CN 114473227 A CN114473227 A CN 114473227A CN 202210315841 A CN202210315841 A CN 202210315841A CN 114473227 A CN114473227 A CN 114473227A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/362—Laser etching
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
- B23K2103/05—Stainless steel
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of laser processing, in particular to a laser processing method of corrosion-resistant black sculpture of stainless steel; the laser processing method comprises the steps of manufacturing a marking drawing file, adjusting a laser processing path and laser processing parameters, moving a workpiece to be processed to a designated processing position through a motion control system, marking the workpiece to be processed according to the processing path, testing a color space value, and testing the color space value again after a salt spray test. According to the invention, the corrosion-resistant processing of the stainless steel black sculpture is realized through the selection of the laser, the adjustment of the beam expander, the selection of the lens, and the allocation of five process parameters such as speed, frequency, filling, power and defocusing amount, and the salt spray test verifies that a good marking effect is obtained, and the problems of poor corrosion resistance, uneven effect, poor blackness value and the like in the traditional laser processing can be solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser processing, in particular to a laser processing method of corrosion-resistant black sculpture of stainless steel.
Background
The stainless steel has weldability, heat resistance and corrosion resistance, is various in types and wide in application, is most suitable for fields with vital sanitary conditions such as medical treatment and catering kitchenware, is corrosion-resistant, is not easy to breed bacteria, is convenient to disinfect and clean for many times, and has wide application fields. Synchronously, information identification is carried out on stainless steel, especially black identification is in strong demand, paint and film can be removed after long-time use in the traditional paint spraying and silk printing modes, the color can be changed after a period of time of marking in the thermal transfer printing mode, and the black effect cannot be achieved by chemical liquid medicine etching and steel seal marking and other problems exist; the problems of poor black value, poor consistency and poor corrosion resistance exist after the traditional laser black mark.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a laser processing method of corrosion-resistant black sculpture of stainless steel, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: cleaning the surface of a workpiece to be processed;
step 2: manufacturing a marking drawing file by adopting drawing software according to the breadth of a workpiece to be machined, and introducing the marking drawing file into a laser control system;
and step 3: adjusting a laser processing path and laser processing parameters according to the marking drawing file to enable light beams emitted by a laser to be focused above a workpiece to be processed;
and 4, step 4: the method comprises the steps of moving a workpiece to be machined to a designated machining position through a motion control system, marking the workpiece to be machined according to a machining path, wherein the wavelength of a laser is 1064nm, the pulse width is less than 10ps, the focus of a laser beam falls 2-5 mm above the upper surface of the workpiece to be machined, the machining frequency is 300-700 KHZ, the machining power is 5-20W, the scanning speed of a galvanometer is 100-800 mm/s, and a microstructure mark is formed on the surface of the workpiece to be machined made of stainless steel.
Furthermore, the filling mode of the marking pattern file is rapid filling, the filling density is 0.01-0.04 mm, and the filling angle is 0 degree or 90 degrees.
Further, the filling angle is 0 degree and 90 degrees cross filling.
Furthermore, laser beams of the laser pass through a beam expander, and the multiple of the beam expander is 2-5 times.
Further, in the step 3, the red light of the laser is positioned to the processing position of the workpiece to be processed.
Further, after the marking in the step 4 is completed, a color space value test is carried out on the marked region by using a color difference meter, a salt spray test is carried out on the marked workpiece, and the color space value test is carried out again.
Further, in the salt spray test, the marking surface of the workpiece is obliquely hung in a salt spray test box body at an angle of 15-30 degrees with the plumb line to perform the salt spray test, and 5 +/-1% of neutral salt solution is sprayed to the marking surface of the workpiece in the salt spray test.
Furthermore, the single pulse energy of the laser control system is 5-25 muJ, and the processing speed is 200-500 mm/s.
Further, the laser adopts a picosecond laser.
Further, the focal point of the laser beam falls 3 ± 0.5mm above the upper surface of the workpiece to be machined.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) according to the laser processing method of the corrosion-resistant black sculpture of the stainless steel, provided by the invention, the marking is carried out on the surface of the stainless steel by regulating and controlling the motion control system, so that the marking precision can be controlled very accurately, the processing efficiency is high, and the stability is good;
2) according to the laser processing method of the corrosion-resistant black sculpture of the stainless steel, the laser control system can gather the size of the light spot to be in a micron order, the size precision is high, the non-contact processing is free from damage, the laser is marked by the heat effect of the laser and the material, the environment is protected, the consumption is avoided, and the cost performance is high;
3) the laser processing method of the corrosion-resistant black sculpture of the stainless steel provided by the invention adopts a picosecond laser to mark. The ultrashort pulse laser interacts with the stainless steel material in a short time, and because the picosecond laser pulse duration is very short, only a small amount of heat is transferred to the material in the action process according to the physical characteristics of the ultrashort pulse laser, so the heat effect of the laser and the material is very small. In general, nanosecond laser black marks form a thin oxide film on the surface, but a picosecond laser acts on a stainless steel material through very low heat, so that sufficient chromium is left on the surface of the stainless steel, the chromium forms stable atomic layers on the surface of the stainless steel, periodic and fine microstructures are formed on the surface of workpieces with the atomic layers, reflected light is minimized, light is scattered, and the obtained marking effect is matte black. The picosecond laser used in the method can form a stable microstructure rather than a brittle oxide layer, and thus has corrosion resistance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a laser marking system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the effect of a common nanosecond laser after a blackening salt fog test;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the effect of the picosecond laser of the present invention after blackening;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of the blackening salt spray test of example 1 of the present invention after 9 hours;
fig. 5 shows a periodic, fine microstructure after picosecond laser marking at 2000 x magnification with a scanning electron microscope.
FIG. 1 depicts schematically: 1-a laser; 2-a beam expander; 3-galvanometer X mirror; 4-galvanometer Y lens; 5-a focusing mirror; 6-stainless steel to be marked.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. In the drawings, the size and relative sizes of certain features may be exaggerated for clarity.
In the description of the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected" and "coupled" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the term "connecting" may refer to a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate, a connection between two elements or an interaction relationship between two elements, and a person skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention in a specific case.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships shown in the drawings only for convenience of description and simplicity of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the designated device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In addition, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive distinction.
The invention provides a laser processing method of corrosion-resistant black sculpture of stainless steel, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: cleaning the surface of a workpiece to be processed;
step 2: manufacturing a marking drawing file by adopting drawing software according to the breadth of a workpiece to be machined, and introducing the marking drawing file into a laser control system;
and step 3: adjusting a laser processing path and laser processing parameters according to the marking drawing file to enable light beams emitted by a laser to be focused above a workpiece to be processed;
and 4, step 4: the method comprises the steps of moving a workpiece to be machined to a designated machining position through a motion control system, marking the workpiece to be machined according to a machining path, wherein the wavelength of a laser is 1064nm, the pulse width is less than 10ps, the focus of a laser beam is 2-5 mm above the upper surface of the workpiece to be machined, the machining frequency is 300-700 KHZ, the machining power is 5-20W, the machining speed is 100-800 mm/s, and a microstructure mark is formed on the surface of the workpiece to be machined made of stainless steel.
The laser processing method of this embodiment mainly is applied to stainless steel black carving and marks, forms black mark on the stainless steel surface, and laser control system can gather the micron order size with the facula size, and size precision is than higher, and non-contact processing is harmless, and laser marks through the fuel effect with the material, and the environmental protection does not have the consumption, and the price/performance ratio is higher.
The processing method in the embodiment is completed by adopting the laser marking system shown in the attached figure 1 in the specification, the laser marking system comprises a laser 1, a beam expander 2, a galvanometer and a focusing lens 5 which are sequentially arranged along the light beam path of the laser 1, and a computer is further externally connected, the computer and the galvanometer control laser marking system, the galvanometer comprises a galvanometer X lens 3 and a galvanometer Y lens 4 which can regulate and control the laser light path, the tail end of the light beam of the laser is provided with a vacuum adsorption platform, stainless steel 6 to be processed is placed on the vacuum adsorption platform, the light emitted by the laser 1 passes through the galvanometer X lens 3 and the galvanometer Y lens 4 after being expanded by the beam expander 2 and then acts on the stainless steel 6 to be processed after being focused by the focusing lens 5, the stainless steel 6 to be processed is pretreated before being processed, the specific pretreatment comprises the step of wiping the surface of the stainless steel 6 to be processed by alcohol, the surface of the glass is ensured to be free from dirt, and the marking effect is prevented from being influenced.
Furthermore, in the step 3, laser processing parameters are adjusted, a Z axis of the motion control system is moved, so that a focus of a laser beam emitted by the laser 1 falls 2-5 mm above the upper surface of the stainless steel to be processed, the stainless steel to be processed is driven to move 6 by the movement of the motion control system, the motion control system comprises three directions of x, y and Z, the movement of the motion control system is controlled by a motor, the x axis and the y axis control the vacuum adsorption platform to move, so that the stainless steel to be processed on the vacuum adsorption platform moves to a specified processing position, the Z axis controls the vibrating mirror to move, so that the focus of the laser beam is focused on the surface of the stainless steel to be processed, a processing path is obtained by the high-speed operation of the vibrating mirror in cooperation with the movement of the x direction and the y direction of the motion control system, and the focus of the laser beam is focused on the stainless steel to be processed by the focusing mirror, so as to complete marking.
Further, in step 2, a marking drawing file is manufactured, namely, patterns to be processed, including squares and characters, are set through a laser control system, advanced internal filling is carried out, the filling mode of the marking drawing file is rapid filling, the filling density is 0.01-0.04 mm, the filling angle is 0 degree or 90 degrees, and the filling angle is preferably 0 degree or 90 degrees, and cross filling is carried out.
Further, the laser beam of laser instrument 1 passes through beam expander 2, the multiple of beam expander 2 is 2 ~ 5 times, compares in traditional marking process, and laser beam passes through beam expander 2 and expands the back, can gather the facula size to the micron order size, and size precision is higher, also can satisfy the pattern mark demand of small-size.
According to the optimized implementation mode, the laser in the laser marking system is a picosecond laser, the wavelength of the laser is 1064nm, the pulse width is less than 10ps, the processing frequency is 300-700 KHZ, the single pulse energy is 5-25 muJ, the scanning speed of the galvanometer is 100-800 mm/s, different scanning speeds and frequencies are selected according to different requirements of a workpiece, and the processing efficiency and the processing quality are improved.
Optimizing the implementation mode, after the marking is finished in the step 4, after a color space value test is carried out on the marked region by using a color difference meter, a salt spray test is carried out on the marked workpiece, the color space value test is carried out again, the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel mark is tested, specifically, the marked surface of the workpiece and a plumb line are obliquely hung in a salt spray test box body at 15-30 degrees for carrying out the salt spray test, the salt spray test adopts 5 +/-1% of neutral salt solution to spray to the marked surface of the workpiece, wherein the temperature of a pressure barrel is 47 +/-1 ℃, the temperature of a salt barrel is 35 +/-1 ℃, and the spraying pressure is 1.00 +/-0.01 kgf/cm2After the salt spray test is finished, whether the corrosion phenomenon exists or not is inspected on the effect appearance, and the color space L a b value is tested again; an oxide layer formed by blackening of a common nanosecond laser is fragile and easy to fall off, the blackening heat effect of the common nanosecond laser is obvious and easy to generate cracks, and the cracks cause that the material is not resistant to salt spray corrosion, as shown in figure 2 in the specification, the oxide layer is a blackening salt spray test effect diagram of the common nanosecond laser, a marking window is narrow, the blackness value is not good, and the material is not resistant to corrosionThe pulse laser interacts with the stainless steel material in a short time, sufficient chromium is left on the surface of the stainless steel material through the action of low heat and the stainless steel material, the chromium forms stable atomic layers on the surface of the stainless steel, periodic and fine microstructures are formed on the surface of the atomic layer machined part, the structures minimize reflected light and scatter light, and the obtained marking effect is in matte black.
Further optimize the embodiment, vacuum adsorption platform's top is provided with takes out dirt device and ion gas blowing device, and the dust absorption mouth of taking out dirt device and ion gas blowing device's gas blowing mouth all face the processing region of waiting to process stainless steel, can in time take away the dust that produces in the course of working, have avoided dust cover to influence technological effect, guarantee to wait to process stainless steel surface cleanness, have reduced subsequent washing process. The ion blowing device is used for blowing the generated powder away from the surface of the stainless steel in time, the dust extraction device comprises a negative pressure air suction device and a dust extraction pipe connected with the negative pressure air suction device and used for extracting the generated powder in time, and a dust absorption port of the dust extraction pipe and a suction port of the ion blowing device are respectively inclined at a certain angle with the vacuum adsorption platform.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a laser processing method of corrosion-resistant black sculpture of stainless steel, which comprises the following specific operation processes:
1. pretreatment of a stainless steel sheet: wiping the sample with alcohol to ensure that the surface of the sample is free from dirt for later use;
2. constructing a test platform, assembling a laser marking system according to the diagram shown in FIG. 1, selecting a picosecond laser, setting an infrared band, setting the wavelength to be 1064nm, and starting up for preheating; fixing the processed stainless steel sheet on a vacuum adsorption platform, enabling the surface to be marked to be upward, adjusting a light path and a motion control system to enable the focus of a light beam emitted by a laser to be focused on the upper surface of the stainless steel sheet, defocusing by 3 +/-0.5 mm in the forward direction, adjusting the multiple of a beam expanding lens to be 3 times, and adjusting the focal length of a focusing lens to be F254;
3. editing a drawing file, setting patterns to be processed, including squares and characters, by a laser control system, performing internal filling in advance, wherein the filling density is 0.02mm, the filling mode is rapid filling, and the filling angle is 0-degree 90-degree cross filling;
4. setting laser processing parameters, and setting the marking speed of 250mm/s, the frequency of 500KHZ and the actual power of 12W on the basis of the existing filling patterns;
5. after the focal position and the technological parameters are determined, red light preview is started, and the position to be processed is positioned;
6. laser marking, after marking, testing the value of L of a color block at the upper left corner by using a color difference meter to be 24.82, the value of a is 3.51, the value of b is 6.67, and as shown in the attached figure 3 of the specification, the marked surface has wide marking window and good blackness value;
7. the salt spray test comprises suspending the marked surface of the marked stainless steel sheet in a salt spray test box at an angle of 20 degrees with the plumb line, adopting 5 + -1% neutral salt solution, maintaining the temperature of a pressure barrel at 47 + -1 deg.C, the temperature of a salt water barrel at 35 + -1 deg.C, and maintaining the spray pressure at 1.00 + -0.01 kgf/cm2Spraying the salt spray on the marked surface of the stainless steel sheet for 9h, wherein the salt spray time is 9h, as shown in the attached figure 4 of the specification, the salt spray time is the appearance effect of a color block of the marked stainless steel sheet after the salt spray test for 9h, the appearance color has no obvious embroidering or fading, the outline is clear, the color is deep, and almost no corrosion fading phenomenon exists. The color difference meter is used for testing that the value of L of the color block at the upper left corner is 24.80, the value of a is 3.62, the value of b is 6.55, and the change is not large compared with the measured value before the salt spray experiment, so that the corrosion resistance is good.
The method for laser processing of stainless steel corrosion-resistant black sculpture provided by this embodiment implements corrosion-resistant processing of stainless steel black sculpture by selecting a laser, adjusting a beam expander, selecting a lens, and adjusting five process parameters such as speed, efficiency, filling, power, defocus amount, etc., and adopts a picosecond laser, through the selection of laser processing parameters, ultrashort pulse laser of the picosecond laser interacts with a stainless steel material in a very short time, and very low heat and material effects form a fine and periodic uniform microstructure, specifically a ripple structure, i.e., a laser-induced periodic surface structure or a nanometer ripple, which directly reflects and scatters incident light through an "optical trap effect", and a marked area has extremely high contrast and good definition on the incident light, so that the marking effect is matt black, the process method provided by the embodiment can solve the problems of poor corrosion resistance, uneven effect, poor blackness value and the like in the traditional laser processing.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be embodied in many other specific forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Although an embodiment of the present invention has been described, it is to be understood that the present invention should not be limited to this embodiment, and variations and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The laser processing method of the corrosion-resistant black sculpture of the stainless steel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: cleaning the surface of a workpiece to be processed;
step 2: manufacturing a marking drawing file by adopting drawing software according to the breadth of a workpiece to be machined, and introducing the marking drawing file into a laser control system;
and step 3: adjusting a laser processing path and laser processing parameters according to the marking drawing file to enable light beams emitted by a laser to be focused above a workpiece to be processed;
and 4, step 4: the method comprises the steps of moving a workpiece to be machined to a designated machining position through a motion control system, marking the workpiece to be machined according to a machining path, wherein the wavelength of a laser is 1064nm, the pulse width is less than 10ps, the focus of a laser beam is 2-5 mm above the upper surface of the workpiece to be machined, the machining frequency is 300-700 KHZ, the machining power is 5-20W, the machining speed is 100-800 mm/s, and a microstructure mark is formed on the surface of the workpiece to be machined made of stainless steel.
2. The laser processing method of the corrosion-resistant black carving of the stainless steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the filling mode of the marking pattern file is rapid filling, the filling density is 0.01-0.04 mm, and the filling angle is 0 degree or 90 degrees.
3. The laser processing method of stainless steel corrosion-resistant black carving, according to claim 2, characterized in that the filling angle is 0 degrees and 90 degrees cross filling.
4. The laser processing method of the corrosion-resistant black carving of the stainless steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein a laser beam of the laser passes through a beam expander, and the multiple of the beam expander is 2-5 times.
5. The laser processing method of the corrosion-resistant black carving of the stainless steel of claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the red light of a laser is positioned to a processing position of a workpiece to be processed.
6. The laser processing method of stainless steel corrosion-resistant black carving of claim 1, wherein after the marking in the step 4 is completed, after a color space value test is performed on the marked area by using a color difference meter, a salt spray test is performed on the marked workpiece, and the color space value test is performed again.
7. The laser processing method of the corrosion-resistant black carving of the stainless steel as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the salt spray test, the marked surface of the workpiece is obliquely hung in a salt spray test box body at an angle of 15-30 degrees with respect to a plumb line to perform the salt spray test, and a 5 +/-1% neutral salt solution is sprayed on the marked surface of the workpiece in the salt spray test.
8. The laser processing method of stainless steel corrosion-resistant black carving, according to claim 1, characterized in that the laser control system has a single pulse energy of 5-25 μ J and a processing speed of 200-500 mm/s.
9. The laser processing method of stainless steel corrosion-resistant black carving of claim 1, wherein the laser is a picosecond laser.
10. The laser processing method of stainless steel corrosion-resistant black carving, according to claim 1, characterized in that the focal point of the laser beam falls 3 ± 0.5mm above the upper surface of the workpiece to be processed.
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