CN114471362A - Jet type super-cavitation generation system and super-cavitation generation method - Google Patents
Jet type super-cavitation generation system and super-cavitation generation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a jet type supercavitation generating system and a supercavitation generating method, and relates to the technical field of jet flow, wherein the supercavitation generating system comprises a cavitation generator, a liquid storage tank and a centrifugal pump which are connected through pipelines to form a circulation loop, the cavitation generator is vertically placed, a first flow valve is arranged on an inlet pipeline at the top of the cavitation generator, and a second flow valve is arranged on an outlet pipeline at the bottom of the cavitation generator; the inlet pipeline extends into the cavitation generator, and the outlet direction of the inlet pipeline is arranged along the length direction of the cavitation generator; when the cavitation generator is filled with liquid to be treated and the first flow valve and the second flow valve are adjusted to meet the super-cavitation working condition, the flowing liquid to be treated forms annular steam bubbles at the outlet of the inlet pipeline of the cavitation generator. The super-cavitation generating system and the super-cavitation generating method operate under the super-cavitation working condition to form complete annular steam bubbles, increase the pressure pulsation amplitude and have high cavitation efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of jet flow, in particular to a jet type super-cavitation generating system and a super-cavitation generating method.
Background
At present, the cavitation phenomenon refers to the action of high temperature, high pressure, discharge, luminescence, shock wave, etc. generated due to collapse of holes formed in a liquid. The phenomenon that normal temperature liquid is gasified due to the reduction of local pressure, and the phenomenon that cavitation-generated steam bubbles collapse to generate instantaneous high temperature and high pressure, micro jet and the like can erode the surface where cavitation occurs, thereby causing great threat to the operation safety and the operation efficiency of fluid machinery. With the deep research of the cavitation theory, the unique physical and chemical phenomena in the cavitation flow can be effectively applied to various fields of industrial cleaning, biological agent extraction, sewage and sludge treatment and the like.
In the related art, the conventional cavitation generation methods are mainly ultrasonic cavitation and hydrodynamic cavitation. Specifically, ultrasonic cavitation refers to a phenomenon in which when ultrasonic energy is sufficiently high, micro bubbles existing in a liquid vibrate, grow and constantly gather sound field energy under the action of an ultrasonic field, and when the energy reaches a certain threshold, cavitation bubbles collapse and close sharply. One of the hydrodynamic cavitation methods mainly adopts two jet flows with opposite directions to collide in a cavitation device to form a high-energy cavitation group consisting of millions of tiny bubbles.
However, conventional ultrasonic cavitation requires extremely high equipment requirements, and requires a huge investment in equipment assembly preparation. In some scenes, the reaction of the cavitation group generated by the conventional hydrodynamic cavitation is still not violent enough, and the cavitation efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the application aims to provide a jet type supercavitation generation system and a supercavitation generation method, which operate under the supercavitation working condition to form annular steam bubbles, increase the pressure pulsation amplitude and have high cavitation efficiency.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme is as follows: a jet type super-cavitation generating system comprises a cavitation generator, a liquid storage tank and a centrifugal pump which are connected through a pipeline to form a circulation loop, wherein the liquid storage tank is used for storing liquid to be treated; the centrifugal pump is used for providing circulating power; the cavitation generator is vertically arranged, and the top of the cavitation generator is provided with a high-pressure liquid inlet pipe; an inlet pipeline of the cavitation generator is provided with a first flow valve, and the downstream end of the inlet pipeline is connected with a high-pressure liquid inlet pipe; a second flow valve is arranged on a bottom outlet pipeline of the cavitation generator; the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe extends into the cavitation generator, and the outlet direction of the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe is arranged along the length direction of the cavitation generator;
when the cavitation generator is filled with liquid to be treated and the first flow valve and the second flow valve are adjusted to enable the cavitation generator to meet the super-cavitation working condition, the flowing liquid to be treated forms annular steam bubbles at the outlet of the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe of the cavitation generator.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the cavitation generator further comprises a reaction chamber and a liquid discharge pipe, and the upstream end of the outlet pipeline is connected with the liquid discharge pipe; the downstream end of the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe is provided with a conical nozzle, and the spraying direction of the conical nozzle is vertically downward and is coincided with the axis of the reaction chamber.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the supercavitation generation system further comprises a first pressure gauge and a second pressure gauge, wherein the first pressure gauge is arranged between the first flow valve and an inlet of the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe; the second pressure gauge is arranged between the second flow valve and the outlet of the liquid discharge pipe.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the reaction chamber comprises a first generation chamber, a second generation chamber, a throat pipe, a diffusion chamber and a liquid discharge chamber which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the first generation chamber and the liquid discharge chamber are both in a circular pipe shape, and the cross section of the second generation chamber is gradually reduced from top to bottom; the cross section of the diffusion chamber is gradually increased from top to bottom, and two ends of the throat pipe are respectively connected with the lower end of the second generation chamber and the upper end of the diffusion chamber; the conical nozzle is positioned right above the throat pipe, and one end of the liquid discharge pipe is communicated with the liquid discharge chamber.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the cavitation generator also comprises a top cover which is detachably arranged in the first generation chamber, the top cover is provided with an exhaust valve, and the exhaust valve is opened in the process of filling the cavitation generator with the liquid to be treated; during the supercavitation treatment, the exhaust valve is closed; the supercavitation generation system also comprises a cover plate, and when the liquid to be treated is strong volatility, toxic or acid-base solution, the cover plate is arranged at the top opening of the liquid storage water tank.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the supercavitation generation system further comprises a liquid discharge pipe, a liquid discharge valve is arranged on the liquid discharge pipe, and one end of the liquid discharge pipe is communicated with a liquid storage water tank;
the supercavitation generation system further comprises a first switch valve and a second switch valve, wherein the first switch valve and the second switch valve are respectively arranged at an inlet and an outlet of the centrifugal pump.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the supercavitation working condition is that the pressure ratio of the liquid pressure input by the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe to the liquid pressure output by the liquid discharge pipe reaches a set range.
The application also discloses a supercavitation generation method based on the supercavitation generation system, which comprises the following steps:
closing a second flow valve of the cavitation generator, and injecting liquid to be treated into the liquid storage water tank until a certain water level height is reached;
starting the centrifugal pump, and opening the first flow valve to fill the liquid to be treated into the cavitation generator;
opening the second flow valve when the inlet pressure P of the cavitation generator is reached1When the set pressure is reached, the opening degree of the first flow valve and the second flow valve is adjusted to ensure that the outlet pressure P of the outlet pipeline2Inlet pressure P to the inlet pipe1The pressure ratio is reduced to a set range to meet the supercavitation working condition;
and after the supercavitation generation system circularly works for a set time under the supercavitation working condition, sampling detection is carried out at intervals, when the sampling detection result meets the set requirement, the centrifugal pump is closed, the first flow valve and the second flow valve are completely opened, and the liquid to be treated is discharged from the liquid storage tank.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the cavitation generator further comprises a reaction chamber and a liquid discharge pipe, and the upstream end of the outlet pipeline is connected with the liquid discharge pipe; the downstream end of the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe is provided with a conical nozzle, and the spraying direction of the conical nozzle is vertically downward and is overlapped with the axis of the reaction chamber;
the supercavitation generation system also comprises a first pressure gauge and a second pressure gauge, wherein the first pressure gauge is arranged between the first flow valve and the inlet of the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe; the second pressure gauge is arranged between the second flow valve and the outlet of the liquid discharge pipe;
the reaction chamber comprises a first generation chamber, a second generation chamber, a throat pipe, a diffusion chamber and a liquid discharge chamber which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the first generation chamber and the liquid discharge chamber are both in a circular pipe shape, and the cross section of the second generation chamber is gradually reduced from top to bottom; the cross section of the diffusion chamber is gradually increased from top to bottom, and two ends of the throat pipe are respectively connected with the lower end of the second generation chamber and the upper end of the diffusion chamber; the conical nozzle is positioned right above the throat pipe, and one end of the liquid discharge pipe is communicated with the liquid discharge chamber;
to pouring into pending liquid into in the stock solution water tank, until reaching certain water level height, contain:
the height of the water level of the liquid to be treated is 25cm to 30cm above the butt joint of the submerged liquid discharge pipe and the liquid storage water tank;
the filling of the cavitation generator with the liquid to be treated comprises:
and injecting the liquid to be treated into the reaction chamber through the conical nozzle until the liquid to be treated fills the first generation chamber, the second generation chamber, the throat pipe, the diffusion chamber and the liquid discharge chamber, and the liquid level of the liquid to be treated submerges the conical nozzle.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the supercavitation generation system further comprises a top cover which is detachably arranged in the first generation chamber, and the top cover is provided with an exhaust valve; the supercavitation generation system also comprises a liquid discharge pipe, wherein a liquid discharge valve is arranged on the liquid discharge pipe, and one end of the liquid discharge pipe is communicated with a liquid storage water tank; the supercavitation generation system also comprises a first switch valve and a second switch valve, wherein the first switch valve and the second switch valve are respectively arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the centrifugal pump;
in the process of filling the cavitation generator with the liquid to be treated, the exhaust valve is opened; in the process of supercavitation treatment, the first switch valve and the second switch valve are opened, and the exhaust valve is closed;
the supercavitation generation system also comprises a cover plate, and when the liquid to be treated is strong volatility, toxic or acid-base solution, the cover plate is arranged at the top opening of the liquid storage water tank.
The beneficial effect that technical scheme that this application provided brought includes:
according to the super-cavitation generating system and the super-cavitation generating method, the cavitation generator is filled with liquid to be processed, and the opening degrees of the first flow valve and the second flow valve are adjusted, so that when the pressure ratio of an inlet and an outlet of the cavitation generator meets a super-cavitation working condition, the flowing liquid to be processed forms annular steam bubbles at a conical nozzle at the downstream end of a high-pressure liquid inlet pipe of the cavitation generator, the super-cavitation working condition is kept to operate, and the liquid to be processed is subjected to cavitation processing. Compared with the traditional technical scheme, the supercavitation generation system can stably induce supercavitation under special pressure and flow rate, and supercavitation can be rapidly broken and collapsed, so that a better cavitation effect is achieved; under the super-cavitation working condition, a complete annular steam bubble extending downstream is formed at the conical nozzle at the downstream end of the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe, a fine cavity bubble group is formed below the annular steam bubble, and the annular steam bubble and the fine cavity bubble group are continuously generated and destroyed; compared with the traditional opposite-flushing type cavitation scheme, when the annular steam bubbles are broken and collapsed, the pressure pulsation amplitude is increased, more severe physical and chemical reactions are caused, the cavitation efficiency is accelerated, and the cavitation effect is more obvious; meanwhile, the supercavitation generating system is simple in structure, high in reliability, capable of continuously processing and wide in industrial application prospect; the jet type supercavitation generation system is simple in structure, high in adaptability and capable of being applied to various temperatures and working fluids, and particularly when low-temperature environments are needed, the jet type supercavitation generation system can be operated on a large scale for a long time under low-temperature conditions, and industrial requirements are met.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a supercavitation generation system provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a cavitation generator provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a simplified schematic diagram of a bubble at different pressure ratios provided by an embodiment of the present application;
reference numerals:
1. a cavitation generator; 11. a top cover; 12. a first generation chamber; 13. a high pressure liquid inlet pipe; 14. a second generation chamber; 15. a conical nozzle; 16. a throat; 17. a diffusion chamber; 18. a drainage chamber; 19. a liquid discharge pipe; 2. a second flow valve; 3. a liquid storage tank; 4. a drain valve; 5. a first on-off valve; 6. a centrifugal pump; 7. a second on-off valve; 8. a first flow valve; 9. a first pressure gauge; 10. a second pressure gauge; 100. an annular steam bubble; 200. a fine vacuole population.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
As shown in fig. 1, the present application discloses an embodiment of a jet-type supercavitation generation system, the supercavitation generation system includes a cavitation generator 1, a liquid storage tank 3 and a centrifugal pump 6, and the cavitation generator 1, the liquid storage tank 3 and the centrifugal pump 6 are connected through a pipeline to form a circulation loop. The cavitation generator 1 is used for generating cavitation reaction, the liquid storage tank 3 is used for storing liquid to be treated, and the centrifugal pump 6 is used for providing circulating power.
As shown in fig. 2, the cavitation generator 1 is vertically placed, and a high-pressure liquid inlet pipe 13 is provided at the top thereof. An inlet pipeline of the cavitation generator 1 is provided with a first flow valve 8, and the downstream end of the inlet pipeline is connected with a high-pressure liquid inlet pipe 13. The bottom outlet conduit of the cavitation generator 1 is provided with a second flow valve 2. Both the first and second flow valves 8, 2 may be fully opened, fully closed, and varied in opening size. High pressure feed liquor pipe 13 extends to in the cavitation generator 1, can be used to the fluid of cavitation generator 1 jet, and the exit direction of high pressure feed liquor pipe 13 sets up along the length direction of cavitation generator 1.
When the cavitation generator 1 is filled with liquid to be treated and the opening degrees of the first flow valve 8 and the second flow valve 2 are adjusted to enable the inlet-outlet pressure ratio of the cavitation generator 1 to meet the supercavitation working condition, the flowing liquid to be treated forms annular steam bubbles at the outlet of the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe of the cavitation generator 1. The annular steam bubbles are continuously generated and then collapse. Specifically, when the cavitation generator 1 is filled with the liquid to be treated, all parts except the inlet pipeline and the outlet pipeline are in a closed state, the opening degrees of the first flow valve 8 and the second flow valve 2 are adjusted, so that the inlet-outlet pressure ratio of the cavitation generator 1 meets the super-cavitation working condition, the super-cavitation working condition is kept to operate, and the liquid to be treated flowing in from the inlet pipeline forms annular steam bubbles at the outlet of the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe.
Under the supercavitation working condition, a complete annular steam bubble 100 extending downstream is formed at the outlet of the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe (see the annular steam bubble between the inner surface of the throat pipe and the water column in fig. 3), and a fine and dense bubble group 200 is formed below the annular steam bubble (see the bubble group at the tail part of the water column in fig. 3). Compared with the traditional opposite-flushing type cavitation scheme, when the annular steam bubbles are broken and collapsed, the pressure pulsation amplitude is increased, more violent physical and chemical reactions (even stirring or chemical reactions of various reagents) are caused, the cavitation efficiency is accelerated, and the cavitation effect is more obvious; meanwhile, the supercavitation generation system is simple in structure, high in reliability, capable of continuously processing and wide in industrial application prospect.
The liquid to be treated can be sewage containing algae, bacteria or chemicals needing cavitation treatment so as to kill microorganisms or accelerate chemical decomposition; can also be ethanol, glycol, butanol, dilute salt solution, buffer solution, etc. with certain concentration containing microorganism or animal and plant cells.
In one embodiment, the cavitation generator 1 comprises a reaction chamber for performing a cavitation reaction, a high pressure inlet pipe 13 for inputting a liquid to be treated, and a drain pipe 19 for outputting the liquid to be treated. The high-pressure liquid inlet pipe 13 and the high-pressure liquid outlet pipe 19 are both metal pipe structures integrated with the reaction chamber and are only a small section in figure 2. The inlet pipeline and the outlet pipeline can be flexible pipes or metal pipe structures. The high-pressure liquid inlet pipe 13 is closely butted with an upstream inlet pipeline through a flange, and the liquid outlet pipe 19 is closely butted with a downstream outlet pipeline through a flange.
The downstream end of the inlet pipeline is connected with a high-pressure liquid inlet pipe 13, and the upstream end of the outlet pipeline is connected with a liquid discharge pipe 19. The first flow valve 8 is used to regulate the magnitude of the input flow to the cavitation generator 1. The second flow valve 2 is arranged in an outlet pipeline connected with a drain pipe 19 and is used for adjusting the output flow of the cavitation generator 1. The downstream end of the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe 13 is provided with a conical nozzle 15, and the spraying direction of the conical nozzle 15 is vertically downward and is coincided with the axis of the reaction chamber. When the cavitation generator operates under the super-cavitation working condition, annular steam bubbles are formed below the conical nozzle 15, and because the liquid in the cavitation generator 1 has higher pressure, the annular steam bubbles are continuously formed and broken, when the annular steam bubbles collapse, the pressure pulsation amplitude can be increased, and the cavitation efficiency is accelerated.
In the ultra-cavitation generating system, in the conical nozzle 15, along with the reduction of the sectional area of the nozzle, the flow velocity of fluid rises, and pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy; at the liquid outflow end of the conical nozzle 15, the liquid flow velocity reaches the highest; in the sealed cavitation generator 1 filled with liquid, the high-speed liquid forms jet flow, and the jet flow and the liquid in the cavitation generator 1 generate strong shearing action and entrainment action; around the outflow end of the conical nozzle 15, the liquid vaporizes into steam due to the strong shearing action and the local pressure reduction, creating a steam bubble around the conical nozzle 15; and adjusting the first flow valve 8 and the second flow valve 2, expanding the steam bubbles and forming a complete large cavitation bubble, namely a super cavitation bubble under the action of strong entrainment after the critical working condition is reached, and then, entering the super cavitation working condition by the cavitation generator.
In the cavitation generator, the supercavitation occupies most space and surrounds and wraps the whole conical nozzle 15; in the throat 16, under the extrusion of the pipe wall and the jet flow, the supercavity bubble surrounds the jet flow in a cylindrical shape, and is crushed into small vacuoles at the position of the throat 16 close to the diffusion chamber; in the diffusion chamber, the cross section area of the diffusion section part is increased along the flowing direction, the liquid flow velocity is reduced, and the confining pressure is increased; in the diffusion chamber and the liquid discharge chamber, the vacuoles are quickly collapsed under the action of confining pressure, and simultaneously generate large-amplitude pressure pulsation to cause severe physical and chemical reactions; in the liquid discharge chamber, the residual tiny steam bubbles of the liquid after the super-cavitation treatment are gradually dissolved, and the liquid flows through the liquid discharge pipe and is discharged out of the cavitation generator.
When the flow required by the liquid to be treated is different, the nozzle can be replaced to meet the corresponding flow requirement, so that the ultrasonic cavitation treatment device can stably operate under multiple working conditions and induce the ultrasonic cavitation.
The cavitation generator 1 also comprises a reaction chamber and a liquid discharge pipe 19, and the upstream end of the outlet pipeline is connected with the liquid discharge pipe 19; the downstream end of the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe 13 is provided with a conical nozzle 15, and the spraying direction of the conical nozzle 15 is vertically downward and is coincided with the axis of the reaction chamber.
In one embodiment, the supercavitation generating system further comprises a first pressure gauge 9 and a second pressure gauge 10, the first pressure gauge 9 is arranged between the first flow valve 8 and the inlet of the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe 13, and the first pressure gauge 9 can reflect the pressure of the fluid in the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe 13 in real time. The second pressure gauge 10 is arranged between the second flow valve 2 and the outlet of the liquid discharge pipe 19, and the second pressure gauge 10 can reflect the fluid pressure in the liquid discharge pipe 19 in real time. In the actual operation process of the supercavitation generating system, the fluid pressure is changed by changing the opening degree of the flow valve.
As shown in fig. 2, in one embodiment, the reaction chamber comprises a first generation chamber 12, a second generation chamber 14, a throat 16, a diffusion chamber 17 and a drainage chamber 18 which are arranged from top to bottom in sequence, wherein the first generation chamber 12 and the drainage chamber 18 are both in a circular tube shape, and the cross section of the second generation chamber 14 is gradually reduced from top to bottom; the cross section of the diffusion chamber 17 is gradually increased from top to bottom, and two ends of the throat 16 are respectively connected with the lower end of the second generation chamber 14 and the upper end of the diffusion chamber 17. The conical nozzle 15 is located directly above the throat 16, and the jet of the conical nozzle 15 passes right through the axis of the throat 16. After the fluid has reacted vigorously, it is substantially calm after reaching the effluent chamber 18. One end of the drain pipe 19 is connected to the drain chamber 18, and the other end is connected to the liquid storage tank 3.
The utility model provides a system takes place for super-cavitation carries out specific design to the structure of reacting chamber, and first room 12 that takes place is used for holding pending liquid, and second room 14, choke 16 and diffusion chamber 17 form the double-end horn structure that reduces earlier the back and enlarge for from the fluid of conical nozzle 15 injection, can form the cyclic annular steam bubble of longer length in choke 16 department, aggravate into bubble, ruptured reaction, make the cavitation effect better.
Specifically, the diffusion chamber is tapered, the cross-sectional area of the tapered diffusion tube is gradually enlarged, and the taper angle γ is 12 ° to 35 °. The throat is a straight pipe with equal diameter and length LthInner diameter D of throat pipethThe ratio of L toth:D th2 to 6. Inner diameter D of throatthDiameter D of liquid outlet end of nozzle2The ratio of (A) to (B) is Dth:D24:3 to 4: 2. The distance between the liquid outlet end of the nozzle and the inlet of the throat pipe is called the throat nozzle distance, and the throat nozzle distance is 0.75D2To 2D2. The size is set, so that annular steam bubbles can be formed conveniently, and the cavitation effect is enhanced.
The cavitation generator of the application has designed the diffusion angle of choke apart from, choke draw ratio and diffusion chamber specially, also can stably generate the supercavity under lower velocity of flow, and enables the supercavity and break out rapidly at choke rear portion and diffusion chamber, forms the great pressure pulsation, under the high adverse pressure gradient effect, releases a large amount of energy when the supercavity breaks out, has effectively improved the cavitation effect.
In one embodiment, the supercavitation generating system further comprises a top cover 11 detachably mounted on the first generating chamber 12, and the top cover 11 and the first generating chamber 12 are fixed through screw connection. The top cover 11 is provided with an exhaust valve, and the exhaust valve is opened in the process of filling the cavitation generator 1 with the liquid to be treated, so that the liquid can be conveniently injected and air can be conveniently exhausted until the liquid to be treated is filled. In the process of the supercavitation treatment, the exhaust valve is closed, so that the positions of the cavitation generator 1 except the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe 13 and the liquid discharge pipe 19 are kept in a sealed state, and only liquid is input and output through the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe 13 and the liquid discharge pipe 19 to carry out cavitation reaction. The supercavitation generating system also comprises a cover plate, and when the liquid to be treated is strong volatility, toxic or acid-base solution, the cover plate is arranged at the top opening of the liquid storage water tank 3.
In one embodiment, the supercavitation generating system further comprises a liquid discharge pipe, wherein a liquid discharge valve 4 is arranged on the liquid discharge pipe, one end of the liquid discharge pipe is communicated with the liquid storage tank 3, and the other end of the liquid discharge pipe is connected to the outside. And the liquid discharge valve 4 is in a normally closed state, and after the cavitation reaction is performed for a period of time, if the liquid to be treated meets the requirement, the liquid discharge valve 4 is opened to discharge the liquid to a specified position.
In one embodiment, the supercavitation generation system further comprises a first switch valve 5 and a second switch valve 7, and the first switch valve 5 and the second switch valve 7 are respectively arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the centrifugal pump 6. In the whole cavitation reaction process, the first switch valve 5 and the second switch valve 7 are in an open state; when the centrifugal pump 6 malfunctions, or the entire cavitation process ends, the first and second switching valves 5 and 7 are closed.
In this application, the supercavitation operating mode is that the pressure ratio of the liquid pressure of high pressure feed liquor pipe 13 input and the liquid pressure of fluid-discharge tube 19 output reaches the settlement scope. Specifically, the set range is 0.4-0.7.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, the present application further discloses a supercavitation generation method based on the above supercavitation generation system, including the following steps:
and closing a second flow valve 2 of the cavitation generator 1, and injecting liquid to be treated into the liquid storage tank 3 until a certain water level height is reached. Specifically, the liquid to be treated is slowly injected until the liquid level of the liquid to be treated submerges the butt joint of the liquid discharge pipe 19 and the liquid storage tank.
The centrifugal pump 6 is started, the first flow valve 8 is opened, the centrifugal pump 6 sucks the liquid to be treated and injects the liquid into the cavitation generator 1, and slowly, the liquid to be treated is injected into the cavitation generator 1.
Opening the second flow valve 2 when the inlet pressure P of the generator 1 is being evacuated1When the set pressure is reached, the opening degrees of the first and second flow valves 8, 2 are adjusted so that the outlet pressure P of the outlet pipe is2(fluid pressure inside the pipe) and inlet pressure P of the inlet pipe1The pressure ratio (the pressure of the fluid in the pipeline) is reduced to a set range, and the ultra-cavitation working condition is met.
After the supercavitation generating system circularly works for a set time under the supercavitation working condition, sampling detection is carried out at intervals, when the sampling detection result meets the set requirement, the centrifugal pump 6 is closed, the first flow valve 8 and the second flow valve 2 are completely opened, and the liquid to be treated is discharged from the liquid storage tank 3.
In the actual cavitation process, different types of liquids have different pressure ratio setting ranges. In one embodiment, the outlet pressure P2Inlet pressure P to inlet pipe1Pressure ratio P oforIs set in the range of 0.4 to 0.7. In another embodiment, the pressure ratio PorIs another range. During the actual cavitation process, when P isorImmediately after reaching the set range, it is necessary to continue to reduce the pressure ratio so that the opening degrees of the first flow valve 8 and the second flow valve 2 are kept constant after the circulation operation of the entire system is stabilized. According to the type of the liquid to be treated, the cycle time of the supercavitation generating system is set, and the sampling is generally carried out after the supercavitation generating system is circularly operated for 0.5 to 3.5 hours. If the sampling is unqualified, sampling can be performed again every half hour until the sampling is qualified.
In particular, the pressure ratio PorIs Por＝P2/P1。
The cavitation reactions of the present application can promote physical mixing (e.g., bulk doses of A, B and C), promote chemical reactions (e.g., bulk doses of E and F chemically react to G with G, E and F mixtures), promote toxic material decomposition, and the like.
In one embodiment, the cavitation generator 1 further comprises a reaction chamber for performing a cavitation reaction, a high pressure liquid inlet 13 for inputting the liquid to be treated, and a liquid outlet 19 for outputting the liquid to be treated. The high-pressure liquid inlet pipe 13 and the high-pressure liquid outlet pipe 19 are both metal pipe structures integrated with the reaction chamber and are only a small section in figure 2. The inlet pipeline and the outlet pipeline can be flexible pipes or metal pipe structures. The high-pressure liquid inlet pipe 13 is closely butted with an upstream inlet pipeline through a flange, and the liquid outlet pipe 19 is closely butted with a downstream outlet pipeline through a flange.
The downstream end of the inlet pipeline is connected with a high-pressure liquid inlet pipe 13, and the upstream end of the outlet pipeline is connected with a liquid discharge pipe 19. The first flow valve 8 is used to regulate the magnitude of the input flow to the cavitation generator 1. The second flow valve 2 is arranged in an outlet pipeline connected with a drain pipe 19 and is used for adjusting the output flow of the cavitation generator 1. The downstream end of the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe 13 is provided with a conical nozzle 15, and the spraying direction of the conical nozzle 15 is vertically downward and is coincided with the axis of the reaction chamber. When the cavitation generator operates under the supercavitation working condition, annular steam bubbles are formed below the conical nozzle 15, and because the liquid in the cavitation generator 1 has higher pressure, the annular steam bubbles are continuously formed and broken, when the annular steam bubbles break, the pressure pulsation amplitude can be increased, and the cavitation efficiency is accelerated.
In one embodiment, the supercavitation generating system further comprises a first pressure gauge 9 and a second pressure gauge 10, the first pressure gauge 9 is arranged between the first flow valve 8 and the inlet of the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe 13, and the first pressure gauge 9 can reflect the pressure of the fluid in the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe 13 in real time. The second pressure gauge 10 is arranged between the second flow valve 2 and the outlet of the liquid discharge pipe 19, and the second pressure gauge 10 can reflect the fluid pressure in the liquid discharge pipe 19 in real time. In the actual operation process of the supercavitation generating system, the fluid pressure is changed by changing the opening degree of the flow valve.
In one embodiment, the reaction chamber comprises a first generation chamber 12, a second generation chamber 14, a throat 16, a diffusion chamber 17 and a drainage chamber 18 which are arranged from top to bottom in sequence, wherein the first generation chamber 12 and the drainage chamber 18 are both in a circular tube shape, and the cross section of the second generation chamber 14 is gradually reduced from top to bottom; the cross section of the diffusion chamber 17 is gradually increased from top to bottom, and two ends of the throat 16 are respectively connected with the lower end of the second generation chamber 14 and the upper end of the diffusion chamber 17. The conical nozzle 15 is located directly above the throat 16, and the jet of the conical nozzle 15 passes right through the axis of the throat 16. After the fluid has reacted vigorously, it is substantially calm after reaching the effluent chamber 18. One end of the drain pipe 19 is connected to the drain chamber 18, and the other end is connected to the liquid storage tank 3.
The utility model provides a system takes place for super-cavitation carries out specific design to the structure of reacting chamber, and first room 12 that takes place is used for holding pending liquid, and second room 14, choke 16 and diffusion chamber 17 form the double-end horn structure that reduces earlier the back and enlarge for from the fluid of conical nozzle 15 injection, can form the cyclic annular steam bubble of longer length in choke 16 department, aggravate into bubble, ruptured reaction, make the cavitation effect better.
Specifically, to pouring into pending liquid into liquid storage tank 3, until reaching certain water level height, contain:
the height of the water level of the liquid to be treated is 25cm to 30cm above the joint of the submerged liquid discharge pipe 19 and the liquid storage tank 3, and the height can better perform liquid circulation.
Filling the cavitation generator 1 with a liquid to be treated, comprising:
the liquid to be treated is slowly injected into the reaction chamber through the conical nozzle 15 until the liquid to be treated fills the first generation chamber 12, the second generation chamber 14, the throat 16, the diffusion chamber 17 and the drainage chamber 18, and the liquid level of the liquid to be treated submerges the conical nozzle 15.
In one embodiment, the supercavitation generating system further comprises a top cover 11 detachably mounted on the first generating chamber 12, and the top cover 11 and the first generating chamber 12 are fixed through screw connection. The top cover 11 is provided with an exhaust valve, and the exhaust valve is opened in the process of filling the cavitation generator 1 with the liquid to be treated, so that the liquid can be injected and air can be exhausted conveniently. In the process of the supercavitation treatment, the exhaust valve is closed, so that the positions of the cavitation generator 1 except the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe 13 and the liquid discharge pipe 19 are kept in a sealed state, and only liquid is input and output through the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe 13 and the liquid discharge pipe 19 to carry out cavitation reaction. The supercavitation generating system also comprises a cover plate, and when the liquid to be treated is strong volatility, toxic or acid-base solution, the cover plate is arranged at the top opening of the liquid storage water tank 3.
In one embodiment, the supercavitation generating system further comprises a liquid discharge pipe, wherein a liquid discharge valve 4 is arranged on the liquid discharge pipe, one end of the liquid discharge pipe is communicated with the liquid storage tank 3, and the other end of the liquid discharge pipe is connected to the outside. And the liquid discharge valve 4 is in a normally closed state, and after the cavitation reaction is performed for a period of time, if the liquid to be treated meets the requirement, the liquid discharge valve 4 is opened to discharge the liquid to a specified position. The supercavitation generation system also comprises a first switch valve 5 and a second switch valve 7, wherein the first switch valve 5 and the second switch valve 7 are respectively arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the centrifugal pump 6. In the whole cavitation reaction process, the first switch valve 5 and the second switch valve 7 are in an open state; when the centrifugal pump 6 malfunctions, or the entire cavitation process ends, the first and second switching valves 5 and 7 are closed.
In the process of filling the cavitation generator 1 with the liquid to be treated, the exhaust valve is opened; in the process of supercavitation treatment, the first switch valve 5 and the second switch valve 7 are opened, and the exhaust valve is closed;
the supercavitation generating system also comprises a cover plate, and when the liquid to be treated is strong volatility, toxic or acid-base solution, the cover plate is arranged at the top opening of the liquid storage water tank 3.
When the working liquid is volatile liquid, toxic liquid or dangerous liquid containing acid and alkali, sampling is carried out from a sampling hole of a cover plate of the liquid storage tank, after the sample meets the requirement, an outlet valve of the centrifugal pump is closed, the centrifugal pump is stopped, a liquid discharge valve is opened, and the liquid storage tank and all pipelines are emptied and the device is cleaned.
When liquid is volatile liquid, toxic liquid or contains the hazardous liquid of acid, alkali, stock solution tank 3 sets up the apron, and the apron sets up feed liquor hole, advances exhaust hole and thief hole, at the in-process of sample, takes a sample through the thief hole.
Specifically, the super-cavitation generation method comprises the following steps:
before the operation, the exhaust valve of the top cover 11 of the cavitation generator 1 is opened to ensure that the second flow valve 2 and the drain valve 4 are in a closed state, and the first switch valve 5 and the second switch valve 7 on two sides of the centrifugal pump 6 are opened. And (3) filling liquid to be treated into the liquid storage tank 3, and ensuring that the liquid level submerges the top end of the butt joint of the liquid discharge pipe and the liquid storage tank 3 to be 25cm to 30cm above.
When the liquid to be treated is volatile liquid, toxic liquid or dangerous liquid containing acid and alkali, the cover plate needs to be covered, and the liquid to be treated is added from the liquid inlet hole of the cover plate.
After the liquid level reaches the standard, the centrifugal pump is started, the outlet valve of the centrifugal pump is opened, and the inlet valve of the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe is adjusted, so that the liquid is slowly filled in the whole supercavitation generator. After the supercavitation generator is filled, the exhaust valve is closed, the outlet valve of the liquid discharge pipe is opened, and the inlet valve of the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe is adjusted to enable the pressure ratio to be PorReducing to 0.7 to 0.4 and continuing to reduce the pressure ratio to exceedThe cavitation generator works stably under the super-cavitation state.
When the centrifugal pump works, liquid is extracted from the liquid storage tank 3 and is pumped to the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe 13; the high-pressure liquid flows through the conical nozzle 15, the flow velocity of the fluid rises along with the reduction of the sectional area of the conical nozzle 15, and the pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy; at the liquid outflow end of the conical nozzle 15, the liquid flow velocity reaches a maximum, forming a high velocity jet flowing into the generation chamber of the cavitation generator.
In a sealed cavitation generator filled with liquid, high-speed jet flow and the liquid generate strong shearing action and entrainment action, so that the local pressure is reduced to saturated vapor pressure, and the vapor is gasified to vapor around the outflow end of a nozzle, and particularly, under the strong entrainment action, vapor bubbles expand and almost fill the whole supercavity generating chamber and part of a throat pipe to form a complete large vacuole, namely, supercavity. The cross section of the supercavity is annular.
Specifically, under the extrusion of the high-speed jet flow at the tube wall and the central part of the throat 16, the supercavity circularly surrounds the jet flow in the throat 16, and is broken into a fine and dense vacuole group 200 at the bottom end of the throat 16. The fine cavitation group 200 includes small crushed cavitations of the dense hemp. After the broken small cavitation bubbles and the high-speed jet flow enter the diffusion chamber together, along with the increase of the area of the cross section, the flow rate of the liquid is reduced, the surrounding pressure is increased, the cavitation bubbles are quickly collapsed in the diffusion chamber 17 and the liquid discharge chamber 18 under the action of confining pressure, and meanwhile, large-amplitude pressure pulsation is generated to cause severe physical and chemical reactions; in the drainage chamber 18, the remaining fine vapor bubbles and gas nuclei of the liquid gradually dissolve, and the liquid passes through the drainage pipe 19 and is drained into the liquid storage tank 3 again.
And after the circulation work is carried out for 0.5 to 3.5 hours, the liquid in the liquid storage tank 3 is detected at regular time. When the sample meets the set requirements (namely the discharge standard or each concentration in the liquid meets the requirements), the second switch valve 7 is closed, the centrifugal pump 6 is stopped, the drain valve 4 is opened, the treated mixed liquid is discharged or taken out, all pipelines are emptied and the device is cleaned.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application. Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are intended to be inclusive and mean, for example, that they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
It is noted that, in the present application, relational terms such as "first" and "second", and the like, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above description is merely exemplary of the present application and is presented to enable those skilled in the art to understand and practice the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A jet-type supercavitation generation system is characterized in that: the super-cavitation generating system comprises a cavitation generator (1), a liquid storage water tank (3) and a centrifugal pump (6) which are connected through a pipeline to form a circulating loop, wherein the liquid storage water tank (3) is used for storing liquid to be treated; the centrifugal pump (6) is used for providing circulating power;
the cavitation generator (1) is vertically arranged, and the top of the cavitation generator is provided with a high-pressure liquid inlet pipe (13); an inlet pipeline of the cavitation generator (1) is provided with a first flow valve (8), and the downstream end of the inlet pipeline is connected with a high-pressure liquid inlet pipe (13); a second flow valve (2) is arranged on a bottom outlet pipeline of the cavitation generator (1); the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe (13) extends into the cavitation generator (1), and the outlet direction of the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe (13) is arranged along the length direction of the cavitation generator (1);
when the cavitation generator (1) is filled with liquid to be treated and the first flow valve (8) and the second flow valve (2) are adjusted to enable the cavitation generator (1) to meet the super-cavitation working condition, the flowing liquid to be treated forms annular steam bubbles (100) at the outlet of a high-pressure liquid inlet pipe (13) of the cavitation generator (1).
2. A jet-type supercavitation generating system as recited in claim 1, wherein: the cavitation generator (1) also comprises a reaction chamber and a liquid discharge pipe (19), and the upstream end of the outlet pipeline is connected with the liquid discharge pipe (19); the downstream end of high pressure feed liquor pipe (13) sets up cone nozzle (15), the injection direction of cone nozzle (15) is vertical downwards, and with the coincidence of the axis of reaction chamber.
3. A jet-type supercavitation generating system as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the supercavitation generation system further comprises a first pressure gauge (9) and a second pressure gauge (10), wherein the first pressure gauge (9) is arranged between the first flow valve (8) and an inlet of the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe (13); the second pressure gauge (10) is arranged between the second flow valve (2) and an outlet of the liquid discharge pipe (19).
4. A jet-type supercavitation generating system as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the reaction chamber comprises a first generation chamber (12), a second generation chamber (14), a throat pipe (16), a diffusion chamber (17) and a liquid discharge chamber (18) which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the first generation chamber (12) and the liquid discharge chamber (18) are both in a circular tube shape, and the cross section of the second generation chamber (14) is gradually reduced from top to bottom; the cross section of the diffusion chamber (17) is gradually increased from top to bottom, and two ends of the throat pipe (16) are respectively connected with the lower end of the second generation chamber (14) and the upper end of the diffusion chamber (17); the conical nozzle (15) is positioned right above the throat pipe (16), and one end of the liquid discharge pipe (19) is communicated with the liquid discharge chamber (18).
5. A jet-type supercavitation generation system as recited in claim 4, wherein: the cavitation generator (1) further comprises a top cover (11) detachably mounted in the first generation chamber (12), the top cover (11) is provided with an exhaust valve, and the exhaust valve is opened in the process that the cavitation generator (1) is filled with liquid to be treated; during the supercavitation treatment, the exhaust valve is closed;
the supercavitation generation system also comprises a cover plate, and when the liquid to be treated is a strong-volatility, toxic or acid-base solution, the cover plate is arranged at the top opening of the liquid storage water tank (3).
6. A jet-type supercavitation generating system as recited in claim 1, wherein: the supercavitation generation system also comprises a liquid discharge pipe, a liquid discharge valve (4) is arranged on the liquid discharge pipe, and one end of the liquid discharge pipe is communicated with a liquid storage water tank (3);
the supercavitation generation system further comprises a first switch valve (5) and a second switch valve (7), wherein the first switch valve (5) and the second switch valve (7) are respectively arranged at an inlet and an outlet of the centrifugal pump (6).
7. A jet-type supercavitation generating system as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the super-cavitation working condition is that the pressure ratio of the liquid pressure input by the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe (13) to the liquid pressure output by the liquid discharge pipe (19) reaches a set range.
8. A supercavitation generation method based on the supercavitation generation system of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
closing a second flow valve (2) of the cavitation generator (1), and injecting liquid to be treated into the liquid storage tank (3) until a certain water level height is reached;
starting the centrifugal pump (6), opening the first flow valve (8) and filling the liquid to be treated into the cavitation generator (1);
opening the second flow valve (2) when the inlet pressure P of the cavitation generator (1) is reduced1When the set pressure is reached, the opening degree of the first flow valve (8) and the second flow valve (2) is adjusted to ensure that the outlet pressure P of the outlet pipeline2Inlet pressure P to inlet pipe1The pressure ratio is reduced to a set range to meet the supercavitation working condition;
the supercavitation generation system performs sampling detection at intervals after the supercavitation working condition is circulated for a set time, and when the sampling detection result meets the set requirement, the centrifugal pump (6) is closed, the first flow valve (8) and the second flow valve (2) are completely opened, and the liquid to be treated is discharged from the liquid storage tank (3) outwards.
9. The supercavitation generation method of the supercavitation generation system as recited in claim 8, wherein: the cavitation generator (1) also comprises a reaction chamber and a liquid discharge pipe (19), and the upstream end of the outlet pipeline is connected with the liquid discharge pipe (19); a conical nozzle (15) is arranged at the downstream end of the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe (13), and the spraying direction of the conical nozzle (15) is vertically downward and is overlapped with the axis of the reaction chamber;
the supercavitation generation system further comprises a first pressure gauge (9) and a second pressure gauge (10), wherein the first pressure gauge (9) is arranged between the first flow valve (8) and an inlet of the high-pressure liquid inlet pipe (13); the second pressure gauge (10) is arranged between the second flow valve (2) and an outlet of the liquid discharge pipe (19);
the reaction chamber comprises a first generation chamber (12), a second generation chamber (14), a throat pipe (16), a diffusion chamber (17) and a liquid discharge chamber (18) which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the first generation chamber (12) and the liquid discharge chamber (18) are both in a circular tube shape, and the cross section of the second generation chamber (14) is gradually reduced from top to bottom; the cross section of the diffusion chamber (17) is gradually increased from top to bottom, and two ends of the throat pipe (16) are respectively connected with the lower end of the second generation chamber (14) and the upper end of the diffusion chamber (17); the conical nozzle (15) is positioned right above the throat pipe (16), and one end of the liquid discharge pipe (19) is communicated with the liquid discharge chamber (18);
to pouring into pending liquid into liquid storage tank (3), until reaching certain water level height, contain:
the height of the water level of the liquid to be treated is 25cm to 30cm above the joint of the submerged liquid discharge pipe (19) and the liquid storage water tank (3);
said filling of the cavitation generator (1) with the liquid to be treated comprises:
the liquid to be treated is injected into the reaction chamber through the conical nozzle (15) until the liquid to be treated fills the first generation chamber (12), the second generation chamber (14), the throat (16), the diffusion chamber (17) and the liquid discharge chamber (18), and the liquid level of the liquid to be treated submerges the conical nozzle (15).
10. The method of generating supercavitation in a supercavitation generating system as defined in claim 9, further comprising: the supercavitation generation system also comprises a top cover (11) which is detachably arranged in the first generation chamber (12), and the top cover (11) is provided with an exhaust valve; the supercavitation generation system also comprises a liquid discharge pipe, a liquid discharge valve (4) is arranged on the liquid discharge pipe, and one end of the liquid discharge pipe is communicated with a liquid storage water tank (3); the supercavitation generation system further comprises a first switch valve (5) and a second switch valve (7), wherein the first switch valve (5) and the second switch valve (7) are respectively arranged at an inlet and an outlet of the centrifugal pump (6);
in the process of filling the cavitation generator (1) with the liquid to be treated, the exhaust valve is opened; in the process of supercavitation treatment, the first switch valve (5) and the second switch valve (7) are opened, and the exhaust valve is closed;
the supercavitation generation system also comprises a cover plate, and when the liquid to be treated is strong volatility, toxic or acid-base solution, the cover plate is arranged at the top opening of the liquid storage water tank (3).
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