CN114467912A - Resin high polymer material and silica gel simulation animal and plant model - Google Patents
Resin high polymer material and silica gel simulation animal and plant model Download PDFInfo
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- CN114467912A CN114467912A CN202110452621.3A CN202110452621A CN114467912A CN 114467912 A CN114467912 A CN 114467912A CN 202110452621 A CN202110452621 A CN 202110452621A CN 114467912 A CN114467912 A CN 114467912A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N3/00—Preservation of plants or parts thereof, e.g. inhibiting evaporation, improvement of the appearance of leaves or protection against physical influences such as UV radiation using chemical compositions; Grafting wax
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a resin high polymer material and silica gel simulation animal and plant model, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a manufacturing material and an instrument, wherein the material comprises the following components: various animals, plants and insects, epoxy resin AB glue and desiccant (aluminum oxide); insect collecting material: collecting net, poison bottle, rubber bag, long forceps, gloves and triangular paper bag; making an insect dried specimen model: tweezers, pins, insect pins, wing spreading plates, a three-stage platform, parchment paper, label paper and a specimen box. The method for manufacturing the resin high polymer material and silica gel simulation animal and plant model finally obtains an exquisite resin specimen model, simultaneously, the steps in the method are more specific and perfect, the success rate of the specimen is high, the specimen manufactured according to the method is simple and convenient to operate, has excellent transparency, tough texture, is not easy to damage, has no toxicity and no pollution to the environment, does not use any toxic substance and pollutant in the method, and is more environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of animal and plant model manufacturing, in particular to a manufacturing method of a resin high polymer material and silica gel simulation animal and plant model.
Background
The specimen is an object of animal, plant, mineral, etc. and can be preserved for a long time and keep the original appearance as much as possible after various treatments, thereby providing the specimen for exhibition, demonstration, education, identification, examination and other various researches. The specimen processing method can be carried out by subjecting the whole individual (or a plurality of individuals, such as bacteria, algae and other microorganisms, or fungi and other small individuals and living together) or a part of the individual to physical air drying, vacuum treatment, chemical preservative treatment and the like. In China, along with the development of new materials, new ideas and new markets, the manufacturing technology has great improvement, the original mode is completely broken through, the updating and upgrading of the specimen technology are realized, and the specimen also enters thousands of households to become high-grade ornaments. The Tang Dynasty specimen from south, Tang and North Liu is originated from Fuzhou, and Tang spring is originated from the "Tang specimen preparation technology" by adopting European technology, and is the only family engaged in animal specimen preparation in China, and the precedent for animal specimen preparation in many areas of China. Its preparation technique is known to teach the dynamics and inspiration of animals. Specimens can be roughly classified into: animal specimens, bird specimens, fish specimens, insects, plant specimens, bone specimens, shrimp and crab specimens, fossil specimens, and the like. Rosin or urea resin is mostly adopted in the traditional amber specimen model, or solvents such as formaldehyde, glacial acetic acid and the like are used to pollute the environment in the manufacturing process, and the success rate is not high; or the manufactured specimen model has poor transparency, crisp texture and easy damage.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the manufacturing method of the resin high polymer material and silica gel simulation animal and plant model, which has the advantages of high success rate of the specimen model, simple and convenient operation, excellent transparency, tough texture, difficult damage, no environmental pollution in the operation process and the like, and solves the problems of environmental pollution, low success rate, low transparency, brittle texture and easy damage in the conventional specimen manufacturing.
(II) technical scheme
In order to realize the purposes of high success rate of the specimen model, simple and convenient operation, excellent transparency, tough texture, difficult damage and no environmental pollution in the operation process, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for manufacturing a resin high polymer material and silica gel simulation animal and plant model comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing the manufacturing material and apparatus
Materials: various animals, plants and insects, epoxy resin AB glue and drying agent (aluminum oxide);
insect collection material: collecting net, poison bottle, rubber bag, long forceps, gloves and triangular paper bag;
making an insect dried specimen model: tweezers, pins, insect pins, wing spreading plates, a three-stage platform, parchment paper, label paper and a specimen box;
The instrument comprises: the device comprises an air-blast drying box, an electronic balance, a silica gel mould, a specimen holder, a key, a beaker, a fine hairbrush, a plastic cup, a glass rod and a sample separating sieve;
(2) animal and plant drying and insect drying specimen model making
Drying the animals and the plants: the method comprises the following steps: embedding animals and plants into the 80-mesh dried alumina fine powder in a container capable of being sealed, ensuring that the animals and plants are completely embedded, sealing the container, and standing for 3-5 days until the animals and plants are completely dried;
making an insect dried specimen model: 1. when the insect body is inserted, an insect needle with a proper type is selected, and the part inserted by the insect needle is as follows: beetles are inserted from the inside of the base of the right wing, hemiptera from the middle-thoracic scutellum, lepidoptera, dragonfly, hymenoptera and homoptera from the middle-thoracic center, orthoptera from the right of the anterior dorsal shield, and diptera from the right of the middle-thoracic center.
2. Posture rectification, keeping the living state of insects such as stinkbug, beetle and locust as much as possible, and rectifying the postures of the tentacles and the feet to make the front foot forward, the back foot backward and the middle foot left and right
3. Spreading wings, namely spreading wings of the butterfly moth insects, selecting insect needles according to the sizes of the insects, inserting the insect needles into the insect bodies according to the requirements of needle insertion positions, inserting the abdomen parts of the insect bodies downwards into the grooves of the wing spreading plate to enable the two sides of the wing spreading plate to be close to the insect bodies, and spreading the wings on the wing spreading plate by using the insect needles. Dragonfly is subject to the alignment of the two leading edges of the tail wing. Butterfly moths have two front wing edges in line and perpendicular to the body. Flies and bees are in line with the vertex angle of the front wing and the vertex of the head, and then are symmetrical left and right by pulling the back wing. And finally, pressing the front wing and the rear wing by using smooth paper strips, fixing the front wing and the rear wing by using pins, placing the front wing and the rear wing in a ventilated and dry place, taking down the paper strips after the insect bodies are dried, and taking down the insects from the wing spreading plate and inserting the insects into the box.
4. And the three-stage platform is formed by bonding three high-quality wood boards with different lengths and the same thickness, wherein each stage is 0.8cm, the height of the three stages is 2.4cm, the width of the three stages is 3cm, the bottom length of the three stages is 7.5cm, a small hole is formed in the center of each stage, an insect needle with an insect is inserted into the hole of the third stage, and after the height is fixed, the inserted label is integrally transferred to the hole of the second stage to fix the height of the label.
5. Naturally drying;
(3) preparing epoxy resin AB glue: weighing the glue A by using a balance, placing the glue A in an oven at 60 ℃ for heating for 10min, taking out the glue A until bubbles disappear, weighing the glue B on a balance, mixing the glue A and the glue B according to the mass ratio of 3:1, stirring the glue A and the glue B by using a glass rod for 15min, and standing the glue A for several minutes until the bubbles disappear completely if the bubbles appear;
(4) embedding treatment of the specimen: slowly pouring the prepared epoxy resin AB glue into a clean mould, carefully placing the specimen into the mould, and continuously pouring to the required height; or fix the sample in the bottom of the mould in advance, then pour epoxy AB glue, if the bubble appears, can use the needle to catch up the bubble out, in order to reach the optimum effect, wherein can adopt the method of layering embedding to the animal and plant type sample model of the light weight: pouring a small amount of glue into a mold, fixing animals and plants by using a small stick and the like, then slightly placing the mold, pouring a second layer of resin when the resin is not completely cured, removing a fixing device when the first layer of resin is cured and the second layer of resin is not completely cured, and continuously pouring until the whole flower is submerged, so that the flower is fixed in the middle, and the flower with smaller volume can be poured in two layers. Placing the embedded specimen model mould on a horizontal table, and standing for 5-24 h until the resin is completely cured;
(5) And (3) demolding and modifying the resin specimen model, and removing the mold after the resin is completely cured to obtain the specimen model. Because of surface tension, the edge of the upper surface of the specimen model has a circle of sharp bulges which can be repaired by a small blade, and if the specimen model has a recess, the specimen model can be continuously repaired to be flat by glue dripping.
Preferably, the second method for drying animals and plants comprises: embedding the animals and plants into the 80-mesh dried alumina fine powder, embedding all the animals and plants, drying in a 50 ℃ oven, and completely drying the animals and plants after 2-5 hours.
Preferably, animals and plants with high water content are embedded by allochroic silica gel powder at normal temperature (drying takes 4-7 days), or embedded by alumina fine powder and then heated to remove water (drying takes 2-5 hours), and for animals and plants with low water content, the alumina fine powder is embedded at normal temperature (drying takes 2-3 days), so that the animals and plants can be dried, and the color of the dried animals and plants is close to that of the original color.
Preferably, for light materials, a mode of layering embedding or fixing the materials on a mould can be used, and when resin embedding is carried out, materials with larger volume or area are suitable for layering embedding; the material with small volume is suitable for being fixed on the mould by glue in advance, and animals and plants are fixed at the bottom of the mould during fixing.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the A to the B which is 3 to 1 is strictly controlled when the epoxy resin AB glue is mixed.
Preferably, the insect needs to be dried after being grabbed, and a resin embedding experiment is carried out after the dried specimen model is manufactured.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a method for manufacturing a resin high polymer material and silica gel simulation animal and plant model, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention relates to a method for manufacturing resin high molecular material and silica gel simulation animal and plant model, which adopts epoxy resin AB glue as the material for manufacturing the animal and plant model, and the preparation of the material and the instrument is reasonable, and the steps of the method are the preparation of the material and the instrument, the drying of the animal and plant, the preparation of the insect dried specimen model, the preparation of the epoxy resin AB glue, the embedding treatment of the specimen, the demoulding and the modification, and finally the exquisite resin specimen model is obtained.
2. The invention relates to a method for manufacturing resin high molecular material and silica gel simulation animal and plant model, which adopts epoxy resin AB glue as the material for manufacturing the animal and plant model, and comprises the steps of preparing the material and instrument, drying animal and plant, manufacturing insect dried specimen model, manufacturing epoxy resin AB glue, embedding the specimen, demoulding and modifying, finally obtaining the exquisite resin specimen model, which comprises all the advantages of amber specimen, such as high transparency, long preservation time, beautiful appearance, better toughness than the conventional amber specimen, and non-fragility.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow structure diagram of a method for manufacturing a resin polymer material and silica gel simulation animal and plant model according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for manufacturing a resin polymer material and silica gel simulation animal and plant model includes the following steps:
(1) preparing the manufacturing material and apparatus
Materials: various animals, plants and insects, epoxy resin AB glue and drying agent (aluminum oxide);
insect collection material: collecting net, poison bottle, rubber bag, long forceps, gloves and triangular paper bag;
making an insect dried specimen model: tweezers, pins, insect pins, wing spreading plates, a three-stage platform, parchment paper, label paper and a specimen box;
the instrument comprises the following steps: the device comprises an air-blast drying box, an electronic balance, a silica gel mold, a specimen holder, a key, a beaker, a fine hairbrush, a plastic cup, a glass rod and a sample separating sieve;
(2) Animal and plant drying and insect drying specimen model making
Drying the animals and the plants: the method comprises the following steps: embedding animals and plants into the 80-mesh dried alumina fine powder in a container capable of being sealed, ensuring that the animals and plants are completely embedded, sealing the container, and standing for 3-5 days until the animals and plants are completely dried;
making an insect dried specimen model: 1. when the insect body is inserted, an insect needle with a proper type is selected, and the part inserted by the insect needle is as follows: beetles are inserted from the inside of the base of the right wing, hemiptera from the middle-thoracic scutellum, lepidoptera, dragonfly, hymenoptera and homoptera from the middle-thoracic center, orthoptera from the right of the anterior dorsal shield, and diptera from the right of the middle-thoracic center.
2. Posture rectification, keeping the living state of insects such as stinkbug, beetle and locust as much as possible, and rectifying the postures of the tentacles and the feet to make the front foot forward, the back foot backward and the middle foot left and right
3. Spreading wings, namely spreading wings of the butterfly moth insects, selecting insect needles according to the sizes of the insects, inserting the insect needles into the insect bodies according to the requirements of needle insertion positions, inserting the abdomen parts of the insect bodies downwards into the grooves of the wing spreading plate to enable the two sides of the wing spreading plate to be close to the insect bodies, and spreading the wings on the wing spreading plate by using the insect needles. Dragonfly is subject to the alignment of the two leading edges of the tail wing. Butterfly moths have two front wing edges in line and perpendicular to the body. Flies and bees are in line with the vertex angle of the front wing and the vertex of the head, and then are symmetrical left and right by pulling the back wing. And finally, pressing the front wing and the rear wing by using smooth paper strips, fixing the front wing and the rear wing by using pins, placing the front wing and the rear wing in a ventilated and dry place, taking down the paper strips after the insect bodies are dried, and taking down the insects from the wing spreading plate and inserting the insects into the box.
4. And the three-stage platform is formed by bonding three high-quality wood boards with different lengths and the same thickness, wherein each stage is 0.8cm, the height of the three stages is 2.4cm, the width of the three stages is 3cm, the bottom length of the three stages is 7.5cm, a small hole is formed in the center of each stage, an insect needle with an insect is inserted into the hole of the third stage, and after the height is fixed, the inserted label is integrally transferred to the hole of the second stage to fix the height of the label.
5. Naturally drying;
(3) preparing epoxy resin AB glue: weighing the glue A by using a balance, placing the glue A in an oven at 60 ℃ for heating for 10min, taking out the glue A until bubbles disappear, weighing the glue B on a balance, mixing the glue A and the glue B according to the mass ratio of 3:1, stirring the glue A and the glue B by using a glass rod for 15min, and standing the glue A for several minutes until the bubbles disappear completely if the bubbles appear;
(4) embedding treatment of the specimen: slowly pouring the prepared epoxy resin AB glue into a clean mould, carefully placing the specimen into the mould, and continuously pouring to the required height; or fix the sample in the bottom of the mould in advance, then pour epoxy AB glue, if the bubble appears, can use the needle to catch up the bubble out, in order to reach the optimum effect, wherein can adopt the method of layering embedding to the animal and plant type sample model of the light weight: pouring a small amount of glue into a mold, fixing animals and plants by using a small stick and the like, then slightly placing the mold, pouring a second layer of resin when the resin is not completely cured, removing a fixing device when the first layer of resin is cured and the second layer of resin is not completely cured, and continuously pouring until the whole flower is submerged, so that the flower is fixed in the middle, and the flower with smaller volume can be poured in two layers. Placing the embedded specimen model mould on a horizontal table, and standing for 5-24 h until the resin is completely cured;
(5) And (3) demolding and modifying the resin specimen model, and removing the mold after the resin is completely cured to obtain the specimen model. Because surface tension's reason sample model upper surface edge has the sharp prominence of round, can repair with little blade, if still there is the recess, can continue to mend the one deck with the glue dripping to leveling.
In use, the second method for drying animals and plants comprises the following steps: embedding animals and plants into 80-mesh dried alumina fine powder, embedding all the animals and plants, drying in a 50 ℃ oven, completely drying the animals and plants after 2-5 hours, preferably embedding the animals and plants with high water content by using allochroic silica gel powder at normal temperature (the drying needs 4-7 days), or heating to remove water after embedding by using the alumina fine powder (the drying needs 2-5 hours), preferably embedding the animals and plants with low water content by using the alumina fine powder at normal temperature, wherein the animals and plants can be dried after 2-3 days, the color of the dried animals and plants is close to that of primary colors, and for light materials, a layered embedding mode or a mode of fixing the materials on a mold can be used, and when resin embedding is carried out, the materials with large volume or area are suitable for layered embedding; the material with small volume is suitable for being fixed on a mould by glue in advance, animals and plants are fixed at the bottom of the mould during fixing, the weight ratio of A to B is 3 to 1 when epoxy resin AB glue is mixed, the insect needs to be dried after being grabbed, and a resin embedding experiment is carried out afterwards after a dried specimen model is manufactured.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the crosslinking reaction of the resin is a heat release process, the amount of the glue dripping prepared at one time is too much, the heat can be generated quickly and is not easy to be dissipated quickly, and the overheated resin can be put into ice water or a refrigerator for cooling. The weight of the A glue weighed at one time is preferably not more than 100 g.
In conclusion, the method for manufacturing the resin high polymer material and the silica gel simulation animal and plant model adopts the epoxy resin AB glue as the material for manufacturing the animal and plant model, and the preparation of the material and the instrument is reasonable, and the steps of the method are the preparation of the material and the instrument, the drying of animals and plants, the preparation of the insect drying specimen model, the preparation of the epoxy resin AB glue, the embedding treatment of the specimen, the demoulding and the shaping, and finally the exquisite resin specimen model is obtained; the invention adopts epoxy resin AB glue as a material for manufacturing animal and plant models, and the method comprises the steps of preparing manufacturing materials and instruments, drying animals and plants, manufacturing insect drying specimen models, manufacturing the epoxy resin AB glue, embedding the specimens, demolding and modifying, and finally obtaining exquisite resin specimen models which contain various advantages of amber specimens, such as high transparency, long preservation time and attractive appearance, have better toughness than the conventional amber specimens and are not easy to break.
It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, the use of the verb "comprise a" to define an element does not exclude the presence of another, same element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A method for manufacturing a resin high polymer material and silica gel simulation animal and plant model is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing the manufacturing material and apparatus
Materials: various animals, plants and insects, epoxy resin AB glue and drying agent (aluminum oxide);
insect collecting material: collecting net, poison bottle, rubber bag, long forceps, gloves and triangular paper bag;
making an insect dried specimen model: tweezers, pins, insect pins, wing spreading plates, a three-stage platform, parchment paper, label paper and a specimen box;
the instrument comprises the following steps: the device comprises an air-blast drying box, an electronic balance, a silica gel mold, a specimen holder, a key, a beaker, a fine hairbrush, a plastic cup, a glass rod and a sample separating sieve;
(2) animal and plant drying and insect drying specimen model making
Drying the animals and plants: the method comprises the following steps: embedding animals and plants into the 80-mesh dried alumina fine powder in a container capable of being sealed, ensuring that the animals and plants are completely embedded, sealing the container, and standing for 3-5 days until the animals and plants are completely dried;
making an insect dried specimen model: 1. when the insect body is inserted with the needle, an insect needle with a proper type is selected, 2, the posture is adjusted, 3, the wings are spread, 4, a third stage is carried out, and 5, the insect body is naturally dried;
(3) preparing epoxy resin AB glue: weighing the glue A by using a balance, placing the glue A in an oven at 60 ℃ for heating for 10min, taking out the glue A until bubbles disappear, weighing the glue B on a balance, mixing the glue A and the glue B according to the mass ratio of 3:1, stirring the glue A and the glue B by using a glass rod for 15min, and standing the glue A for several minutes until the bubbles disappear completely if the bubbles appear;
(4) Embedding treatment of the specimen: slowly pouring the prepared epoxy resin AB glue into a clean mould, carefully placing the specimen into the mould, and continuously pouring to the required height; or fixing the specimen at the bottom of the mold in advance, pouring epoxy resin AB glue, placing the embedded specimen model mold on a horizontal table, and standing for 5-24 hours until the resin is completely cured;
(5) and (5) demolding and modifying the resin specimen model.
2. The method for manufacturing the resin polymer material and silica gel simulation animal and plant model according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (2) drying the animals and plants: embedding the animals and plants into the dried alumina fine powder which is sieved by 80 meshes, embedding all the animals and plants, then drying in a 50 ℃ oven, and completely drying the animals and plants after 2-5 hours.
3. The method for manufacturing the resin polymer material and silica gel simulation animal and plant model according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the posture adjustment of the insect dried specimen model, after the needle is inserted into the stinkbug, the beetle and the locust, the living body state is kept, and the tentacles and the feet are required to be adjusted in posture, so that the front feet are forward, the back feet are backward and the middle feet are left and right.
4. The method for manufacturing the resin polymer material and silica gel simulation animal and plant model according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: three-stage platform for making insect drying specimen model: the height of each level is 0.8cm, the height of the three levels is 2.4cm, the width is 3cm, the bottom length is 7.5cm, a small hole is arranged in the center of each level, an insect needle with an insect is inserted into the hole of the third level, and after the height is fixed, the inserted label is integrally transferred to the hole of the second level to fix the height of the label.
5. The method for manufacturing the resin polymer material and silica gel simulation animal and plant model according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the animals and plants with high water content are preferably embedded by allochroic silica gel powder at normal temperature (drying needs 4-7 days), or embedded by alumina fine powder and then heated to remove water (drying needs 2-5 hours), and the animals and plants with low water content are preferably embedded by the alumina fine powder at normal temperature (drying needs 2-3 days), so that the animals and plants can be dried, and the color of the dried animals and plants is closer to that of primary colors.
6. The method for manufacturing the resin polymer material and silica gel simulation animal and plant model according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: for light materials, a mode of layering embedding or fixing the materials on a mould can be used, and when resin embedding is carried out, the materials with larger volume or area are suitable for layering embedding; the material with small volume is suitable for being fixed on the mold by glue in advance, and animals and plants are fixed at the bottom of the mold during fixing.
7. The method for manufacturing the resin polymer material and silica gel simulation animal and plant model according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the epoxy resin AB glue is mixed, the weight ratio of A to B is strictly controlled to be 3 to 1.
8. The method for manufacturing the resin polymer material and silica gel simulation animal and plant model according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) drying the insects after the insects are grabbed, and performing a resin embedding experiment afterwards after a dried specimen model is manufactured.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115399310A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-11-29 | 贵州大学 | Manufacturing method and application of epoxy resin embedded animal tissue specimen |
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| US20190208766A1 (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2019-07-11 | Andrea FANTOZZI | Composition for the conservation/fixation of biological material |
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