CN114464988B - Design method of special-shaped medium loaded dual-polarized back cavity antenna - Google Patents
Design method of special-shaped medium loaded dual-polarized back cavity antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN114464988B CN114464988B CN202111652796.5A CN202111652796A CN114464988B CN 114464988 B CN114464988 B CN 114464988B CN 202111652796 A CN202111652796 A CN 202111652796A CN 114464988 B CN114464988 B CN 114464988B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
- H01Q19/17—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of broadband back cavity antennas, and discloses a design method of a special-shaped medium-loaded dual-polarized back cavity antenna. The back cavity antenna designed by the invention can eliminate 3: the high-frequency end direction diagram within the bandwidth range of 1 is severely distorted, and the whole structure has strong vibration resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of broadband back cavity antennas, in particular to a design method of a special-shaped medium loading dual-polarized back cavity antenna.
Background
The dual-polarized back cavity antenna has the advantages that any polarization can be formed through a back-end network, and the dual-polarized back cavity antenna is widely applied to electronic equipment. A quadrature dipole excited back cavity antenna is a typical implementation of a broadband dual polarized back cavity antenna. The bandwidth of the traditional broadband back cavity antenna excited by the orthogonal bowtie vibrator is 2:1 to 2.5:1. the main factor affecting the bandwidth is the specific implementation form of the excitation element, and the caliber size depends on the specific structure of the back cavity antenna. When the exciting oscillator is exposed out of the back cavity opening surface, the cavity size can be smaller than 0.3 low-frequency end wavelength, but the radiation pattern quality is poor, the back cavity antenna is essentially degraded into a reflective oscillator antenna, and the use environment is limited. When the exciting oscillator is positioned in the back cavity opening surface, the opening surface size of the back cavity is difficult to control to be within 0.5 low-frequency end wavelength. This results in severe distortion of the radiation pattern at the high frequency end of the dual polarized back cavity antenna. In addition, the traditional quadrature oscillator excitation back cavity antenna has simple structure, but weak high-strength vibration resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: aiming at the problems, the design method of the special-shaped medium loading dual-polarized back cavity antenna is provided, and the vibrator, the cavity and the double-line balancing device are integrated to eliminate the structural defect of the traditional vibrator excitation back cavity antenna, so that the application range is widened; the antenna is connected with the special-shaped loading medium plate through four reinforcing rib upright posts on the antenna reflecting cavity to form a closed structure, so that the overall rigidity of the antenna is improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a design method of a special-shaped medium loading dual-polarized back cavity antenna comprises the following steps:
design of vibrator piece: the oscillator piece comprises a V-shaped oscillator piece and an H-shaped oscillator piece, the V-shaped oscillator piece and the H-shaped oscillator piece are designed in a mode of combining a conventional bow tie and a plate-shaped dipole, the width selection range of the oscillator piece is 0.08-0.12 low-frequency end wavelength, and the double-arm length selection range of the oscillator piece is 0.25-0.3 low-frequency end wavelength;
design of special-shaped loading medium plates: the special-shaped loading dielectric plate is tightly fixed on the antenna port surface, and 0.03-0.05 low-frequency end equivalent wavelengths are selected by the special-shaped loading dielectric plate;
and (3) designing a positioning medium sheet: the diameter of the positioning medium sheet is set to be the same as the double-arm length of the oscillator sheet, the center part of the positioning medium sheet is removed, and the diameter of the removed center part is equal to the double-arm length of the oscillator sheet
-/>
The thickness of the positioning dielectric sheet is selected in the range of 0.0005-0.001 low-frequency end wavelength;
design of a two-wire balancer: four metal short-circuit upright posts are adopted; two non-adjacent upright posts form a double-line transmission line; the upright post and the bottom of the back cavity are connected in a short circuit way (the structure is a whole).
Design of high-impedance lines: embedding high-impedance wire in coaxial feeder of double-wire balancer, wherein the characteristic impedance of the high-impedance wire is selected between 70-100 ohms, and the length of the high-impedance wire is equal to
-/>
Selecting a wavelength range of a high-frequency end;
design of feed probe: and a high-temperature low-loss anti-radiation medium sleeve is added in the middle part of the feed probe.
Further, the positioning dielectric material is selected from a low-loss high-strength dielectric material.
Further, the design of the special-shaped loading medium plate further comprises: part of the medium is removed in the center of the profiled loading medium plate.
Further, the depth of the removed portion of the media is no more than two-thirds of the thickness of the profiled media loading plate.
Further, the special-shaped loading medium plate is made of any one of polyether-ether-ketone, ceramic and polyimide.
Further, the feed probe is designed and manufactured in a sheet metal mode.
Further, the V-shaped oscillator piece and the H-shaped oscillator piece are mutually perpendicular.
Further, the characteristic impedance of the two-wire transmission line is selected in the range of 120 to 300 Ω.
Further, the length of the upright post is selected to be 0.3-0.45 high-frequency end wavelength; the transverse dimension of the upright post is reasonably selected according to the outer diameter dimension of the embedded high-impedance line.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of adopting the technical scheme are as follows:
1) The combined action of the special-shaped loading dielectric plate and the positioning dielectric sheet enables the caliber size of the antenna to be compressible to 1/3 low-frequency end wavelength, and the directional diagram bandwidth reaches 3:1, a step of;
2) The antenna standing wave bandwidth reaches 3 through the compensation function of the high-impedance line: 1, a step of;
3) The cantilever vibrator sheet is fixed into a whole by the positioning medium sheet, so that the hidden trouble of fatigue damage of the vibrator sheet due to vibration is eliminated;
4) The feed probe adopts an elastic metal sheet to realize the improvement of reliability under high-strength vibration condition and ensure the structural consistency of two channels of orthogonal feed.
5) The integrated structure form of the antenna and the positioning dielectric sheet improve the strong vibration resistance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a back cavity antenna structure (without a special loading dielectric plate) designed by the method.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a back cavity antenna designed by the method.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a configuration of a profiled media loading plate.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of another configuration of a profiled media loading plate.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a standing wave coefficient curve of a back cavity antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a V-port radiation pattern (low end of frequency).
Fig. 7 is a V-port radiation pattern (center frequency).
Fig. 8 is a V-port radiation pattern (high end of frequency).
Fig. 9 is an H-port radiation pattern (low end of frequency).
Fig. 10 is an H-port radiation pattern (center frequency).
Fig. 11 is an H-port radiation pattern (high end of frequency).
FIG. 12 is an axial gain schematic (V/H port).
Reference numerals: the antenna comprises a 1-positioning dielectric sheet, a 2-double-wire balancer, a 3-antenna reflecting cavity back cavity, a 4-V-shaped oscillator sheet, a 5-V-shaped feed probe, a 6-H-shaped oscillator sheet and a 7-H-shaped feed probe.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment provides a design method of a special-shaped dielectric loading dual-polarized back cavity antenna, which comprises the steps of designing oscillator sheets, special-shaped loading dielectric plates, double-line balancers, high-impedance lines, positioning dielectric sheets and feed probes, and is shown in fig. 1 and 2, and specifically comprises the following steps:
design of vibrator piece: the oscillator piece comprises a V-shaped oscillator piece and an H-shaped oscillator piece, the V-shaped oscillator piece and the H-shaped oscillator piece are designed in a mode of combining a conventional bow tie and a plate-shaped dipole, the H, V oscillator pieces are mutually perpendicular, and the excitation source of the back cavity antenna is orthogonal.
The widths of the V-shaped oscillator piece and the H-shaped oscillator piece are selected within the wavelength range of 0.08-0.12 low-frequency end, and the double-arm lengths of the V-shaped oscillator piece and the H-shaped oscillator piece are selected within the wavelength range of 0.25-0.3 low-frequency end.
Design of special-shaped loading medium plates: the special-shaped loading dielectric plate is designed by utilizing the characteristic of radio frequency current distribution on the oscillator, and is tightly fixed on the antenna port surface, so that the length of the oscillator and the diameter of the reflecting cavity are compressed, and meanwhile, the impedance frequency variation characteristic of the antenna in a band is gentle.
The special-shaped loading dielectric plate is made of dielectric materials with low loss and high dielectric constant, such as polyether ether ketone (PEEK), ceramic, polyimide and the like.
The thickness of the special-shaped loading medium plate is 0.03-0.05 equivalent wavelength of the low-frequency end;
the special-shaped loading medium plate removes part of medium at the center, so that weight can be reduced; the diameter of the removed part can be properly adjusted according to the caliber compression ratio, and the depth is not more than 2/3 of the thickness of the special-shaped loading medium plate. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, a single-sided medium removal method may be adopted, or a double-sided medium removal method may be adopted.
And (3) designing a positioning medium sheet: the diameter of the positioning dielectric sheet is set to be the same as the double-arm lengths of the V-shaped oscillator sheet and the H-shaped oscillator sheet, the thickness of the positioning dielectric sheet is selected within the wavelength range of 0.0005-0.001 low-frequency end, and the positioning dielectric sheet is used for fixing the relative position of the oscillator sheet and regulating the dielectric loading of the antenna.
Removing the center parts of the two sides of the positioning dielectric sheet, wherein the diameter of the removed center part is equal to the length of the double arms of the vibrator sheet
-/>
The oscillator is selected in a range, so that the impedance frequency characteristic deterioration caused by the forced loading effect of the positioning dielectric sheet is avoided.
The positioning dielectric sheet material can be low-loss high-strength dielectric materials such as Peek and quartz ceramics.
Design of a two-wire balancer: the double-wire balancer is arranged in the back cavity of the antenna reflecting cavity and is realized by adopting four metal short-circuit upright posts (the cross section shape can be round and square). The metal cylinders are opposite to each other in pairs to form two groups of double-wire transmission lines. The characteristic impedance of the two-wire transmission line is selected in the range of 120-300 omega. The metal upright post and the bottom of the back cavity are connected in a short circuit way (integrated structure). The length of the metal upright post is selected from the wavelength ranges of 0.3-0.45 high-frequency ends.
Design of high-impedance lines: embedding high-impedance wire in coaxial feeder of double-wire balancer, wherein the characteristic impedance of the high-impedance wire is selected between 70-100 ohms, and the length of the high-impedance wire is equal to
-/>
The wavelength range of the high-frequency end is selected, the function of regulating the impedance frequency characteristic of the antenna is achieved, and the bandwidth of the standing wave reaches 3:1.
design of feed probe: the feed probes are divided into a V feed probe and an H feed probe, the two feed probes are realized by adopting metal sheets, and a high-temperature low-loss anti-radiation medium sleeve is added at the middle part of the two feed probes, so that the short circuit at the crossing position of the V/H feed probes is avoided.
One specific example of implementation is provided below:
the implementation example is 3:1 bandwidth special-shaped medium loading double-linear polarization back cavity antenna. The special-shaped loading medium plate and the positioning medium plate are made of PEEK materials with dielectric constants of 3.2. The thickness of the special-shaped loading medium plate is 0.03 low-frequency end equivalent wavelength; the thickness of the positioning medium sheet is selected to be 0.0005 low-frequency end wavelengths. The diameter of the antenna port surface is 0.4 low-frequency end wavelength, and the height is 0.25 low-frequency end wavelength.
As shown in fig. 6-12, wherein fig. 6-8 are radiation patterns of V-port at low end of frequency, center frequency, high end of frequency, respectively; fig. 9-11 are radiation patterns of the H-port at the low end of the frequency, the center frequency, and the high end of the frequency, respectively.
The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification, as well as to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of the method or process disclosed. It is intended that insubstantial changes or modifications from the invention as described herein be covered by the claims below, as viewed by a person skilled in the art, without departing from the true spirit of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The design method of the special-shaped medium loading dual-polarized back cavity antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
design of vibrator piece: the oscillator piece comprises a V oscillator piece and an H oscillator piece, the V oscillator piece and the H oscillator piece are designed in a mode of combining a conventional bow tie and a plate-shaped dipole, the width of the oscillator piece is selected in the wavelength range of 0.08-0.12 low-frequency end, and the double-arm length of the oscillator piece is selected in the wavelength range of 0.25-0.3 low-frequency end;
design of special-shaped loading medium plates: the special-shaped loading dielectric plate is tightly fixed on the antenna port surface, and the thickness of the special-shaped loading dielectric plate is selected to be 0.03-0.05 low-frequency end equivalent wavelength; the special-shaped loading dielectric plate is designed by utilizing the characteristic of radio frequency current distribution on the oscillator, and is tightly fixed on the antenna port surface, so that the length of the oscillator and the diameter of the reflecting cavity are compressed, and meanwhile, the impedance frequency variation characteristic of the antenna in the band is gentle; removing part of medium at the center of the special-shaped loading medium plate; the diameter of the removed part is properly adjusted according to the caliber compression ratio, and the depth is not more than 2/3 of the thickness of the special-shaped loading medium plate; the special-shaped loading dielectric plate is made of dielectric materials with low loss and high dielectric constant;
and (3) designing a positioning medium sheet: the diameter of the positioning medium sheet is set to be the same as the double-arm length of the oscillator sheet, the center part of the positioning medium sheet is removed, and the diameter of the removed center part is equal to the double-arm length of the oscillator sheet
～/>
Selecting in a range, wherein the thickness selection range of the positioning dielectric sheet is 0.0005-0.001 low-frequency end wavelength; the antenna is connected with the special-shaped loading medium plate through four reinforcing rib upright posts on the antenna reflecting cavity to form a closed structure, so that the overall rigidity of the antenna is improved; the positioning dielectric sheet is used for fixing the relative position of the oscillator sheet and accommodating the dielectric loading of the antenna; the positioning dielectric material is selected from low-loss high-strength dielectric materials;
design of a two-wire balancer: four metal short-circuit upright posts are adopted; two non-adjacent upright posts form a double-line transmission line; the upright post is connected with the bottom of the back cavity in a short circuit way;
design of high-impedance lines: the high-impedance line is embedded in the coaxial feeder of the double-wire balancer, the characteristic impedance of the high-impedance line is selected between 70 and 100 ohms, and the length of the high-impedance line is between
～/>
Selecting a wavelength range of a high-frequency end;
design of feed probe: and a high-temperature low-loss anti-radiation medium sleeve is added in the middle part of the feed probe.
2. The method for designing the special-shaped dielectric loading dual-polarized back cavity antenna according to claim 1, wherein the special-shaped loading dielectric plate is made of any one of polyether-ether-ketone, ceramic and polyimide.
3. The method for designing the special-shaped dielectric-loaded dual-polarized cavity-backed antenna according to claim 1, wherein the feed probe is designed and manufactured in a metal sheet mode.
4. The method for designing the special-shaped dielectric loaded dual-polarized cavity-backed antenna according to claim 1, wherein the V-shaped oscillator piece and the H-shaped oscillator piece are mutually perpendicular.
5. The method for designing a special-shaped dielectric loaded dual-polarized cavity-backed antenna according to claim 1, wherein the characteristic impedance of the two-wire transmission line is selected within the range of 120-300 Ω.
6. The design method of the special-shaped medium loading dual-polarized back cavity antenna according to claim 1, wherein the length of the upright post is selected to be 0.3-0.45 high-frequency end wavelength.
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