CN114461602A

CN114461602A - Multi-track platform screen door data centralized monitoring system and method

Info

Publication number: CN114461602A
Application number: CN202111565847.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈俊宏; 丁盼; 杨志敏
Original assignee: Chongqing Chuanyi Automation Co Ltd
Current assignee: Chongqing Chuanyi Automation Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-12-20
Filing date: 2021-12-20
Publication date: 2022-05-10

Abstract

The invention provides a data centralized monitoring system and a method for a screen door of a multi-track platform, wherein the system comprises the following steps: the system comprises a data storage component, a data engine component and a first database, wherein the data storage component is used for performing data storage on the structured data by taking each platform as a data source, the data engine component is used for performing hierarchical calculation on the structured data to form a data warehouse, and the first database is used for storing data calculation results of a data calculation engine module and unstructured data; the cluster monitoring module is used for monitoring the operating parameters of all the components; the invention can monitor all the station shield doors of the whole track traffic line in a centralized way, breaks through the existing station independent operation mode, and interacts with other subsystems of the track, optimizes the operation data storage management level, improves the system storage, query and analysis efficiency, greatly improves the intelligent level of the equipment data analysis of the monitoring system, and provides more effective and practical technical support for the stable operation of the station shield doors.

Description

Multi-track platform screen door data centralized monitoring system and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of security and protection and the field of computer application, in particular to a data centralized monitoring system and method for a shield door of a multi-track platform.

Background

Rail transit has become an important trip mode in daily life, and the screen door is an indispensable important component of a rail system, so that monitoring of the rail platform screen door is very important.

At present, an existing track platform screen door monitoring system is a single-station screen door control system generally, and due to the fact that data volume is not large, basic data storage requirements can be met by using a relational database or a real-time database cluster, and the existing track platform screen door monitoring system only has data storage and query functions generally. And because the data volume that every track circuit produced every day can reach billion level, current track platform screen door monitored control system, inquiry speed is slow, and the inquiry time span is short to can't realize online or off-line data analysis, can't carry out large-scale data analysis, screen door operation data also do not make full use of, are unfavorable for the intelligent development of track traffic.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a strange object determination method and system to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

The invention provides a data centralized monitoring system for a shield door of a multi-track platform, which comprises:

the data storage component is used for performing data storage on structured data by taking each platform as a data source, and the structured data comprises monitoring data of a track platform screen door;

the data engine component comprises a data calculation engine module and is used for carrying out layered calculation on the structured data to form a data warehouse, and the data warehouse comprises a data application layer, a data subject layer, a service data layer, a detailed data layer and an original data layer;

the first database is used for storing the data calculation result of the data calculation engine module and unstructured data;

and the cluster monitoring module is used for monitoring the operating parameters of all the components.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes:

the second database is connected with the data analysis engine module and used for storing the analysis result of the detail data layer, and the second database is a distributed database;

the data synchronization module is respectively connected with the data calculation engine module and the first database and is used for synchronizing calculation results in the data warehouse to the first database;

and the log module is used for acquiring the operation log of the rail platform screen door.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the data storage device includes:

the distributed message system cluster is used for caching information of monitoring data of the track platform screen door;

the data platform cluster is used for storing the monitoring data and providing data query service by taking each platform as a data source;

and the cluster storage module is used for providing deep storage service for the data platform cluster.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the log module includes:

the line level monitoring server is used for acquiring the log data of the line level monitoring system by a user;

and the collection log cluster is used for collecting and aggregating distributed massive logs and transmitting the collected massive logs to the cluster storage module for storage.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the original data layer of the data warehouse is dimension-modeled by a fact table and a dimension table, the fact table includes a running data table, and the dimension table includes a primary dimension table and a secondary dimension table; the primary dimension table comprises a line platform table and a parameter information table, and the secondary dimension table comprises a type information table and a city table; the fact table is connected with a main dimension table, and the main dimension table is connected with a secondary dimension table.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the data engine component further includes:

and the data analysis engine module is connected with the data calculation engine module and is used for carrying out data analysis through the detail data layer.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes:

the timing task scheduling module is used for scheduling all the components;

the visualization module is connected with the first database and used for graphically displaying data;

and the distributed coordination cluster is connected with the data storage component and is used for providing registration service for the distributed cluster.

The invention also provides a data centralized monitoring method for the shield door of the multi-track platform, which comprises the following steps:

taking each platform as a data source, and performing data storage on structured data, wherein the structured data comprises monitoring data of a track platform screen door;

performing layered calculation on the structured data to form a data warehouse, wherein the data warehouse comprises a data application layer, a data subject layer, a service data layer, a detail data layer and an original data layer;

storing a data calculation result and unstructured data, wherein the unstructured data comprises user information, parameter setting and authority information;

and monitoring the operating parameters of all the components to finish centralized storage of data centralized monitoring of the shield doors of the multi-track platform.

The invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any one of the above.

The present invention also provides an electronic terminal, comprising: a processor and a memory;

the memory is adapted to store a computer program and the processor is adapted to execute the computer program stored by the memory to cause the terminal to perform the method as defined in any one of the above.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the data centralized monitoring system and the data centralized monitoring method for the shielding doors of the multi-track platform can be used for monitoring the shielding doors of all stations of the whole track traffic line in a centralized manner, breaking the existing independent operation mode of the stations and interacting with other subsystems of the track.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a data storage and analysis architecture of a multi-track platform screen door data centralized monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a data storage structure of a line-level screen door control system of a data centralized monitoring system for a multi-track platform screen door according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a shielding door monitoring data model of the centralized data monitoring system for shielding doors of a multi-track platform according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a terminal device according to an embodiment.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a terminal device according to another embodiment.

Description of the reference numerals

1100 input device

1101 first processor

1102 output device

1103 first memory

1104 communication bus

1200 processing assembly

1201 second processor

1202 second memory

1203 communication assembly

1204 Power supply Assembly

1205 multimedia assembly

1206 voice assembly

1207 input/output interface

1208 sensor assembly

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is to be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.

It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and the components related to the present invention are only shown in the drawings rather than drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the type, quantity and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be changed freely, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.

In the following description, numerous details are set forth to provide a more thorough explanation of embodiments of the present invention, however, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be practiced without these specific details, and in other embodiments, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form, rather than in detail, in order to avoid obscuring embodiments of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, the data centralized monitoring system for multiple-track platform screen door in this embodiment includes:

In this embodiment, the data storage component mainly includes: the distributed message system cluster is used for caching information of monitoring data of the track platform screen door; the data platform cluster is used for storing the monitoring data and providing data query service by taking each platform as a data source; and the cluster storage module is used for providing deep storage service for the data platform cluster. The distributed message system cluster in this embodiment is a Kafka cluster for message caching, and receives the operation data of the structured screen door from the human-computer interaction of all platform level monitoring systems through the distributed message system cluster. Since the data volume generated by each track line can reach billions of levels per day, high-throughput distributed publish-subscribe messages can be performed through the distributed message system cluster, and all streaming data can be processed. These data are typically addressed by handling logs and log aggregations due to throughput requirements. And an effective solution is provided for the real-time online query and offline analysis of the subsequent multi-track platform screen door data pairs through the distributed message system cluster. Through the cluster monitoring module, various operation parameters of all components of the system can be monitored, and a flexible notification mechanism is provided to enable a system administrator to quickly locate and solve various problems.

In this embodiment, the data platform cluster is a data store for high-performance fragment analysis on a large data set, can provide a power data store for an analysis application, and can serve as a backend of a high-concurrency API that requires fast aggregation. The cluster storage can be a data platform cluster and is also responsible for storing the running logs of the line-level monitoring server acquired by the log acquisition cluster. The log data and offline analysis system in this embodiment requires a limitation of real-time processing, and this embodiment may unify online and offline message processing by a parallel loading mechanism of cluster storage, and may provide a real-time message by a cluster.

In this embodiment, the log module is configured to collect an operation log of a rail platform screen door, where the log module mainly includes a line-level monitoring server, and a user acquires log data of a line-level monitoring system; and the collection log cluster is used for collecting and aggregating distributed massive logs and transmitting the collected massive logs to the cluster storage module for storage. The collection log cluster of the embodiment is Flume, is a high-availability and high-reliability distributed system for collecting, aggregating and transmitting massive logs, and supports various data senders customized in the log system for collecting data; meanwhile, the capability of simply processing the data and writing the data to various data receivers is provided.

In this embodiment, the data calculation engine module is configured to perform hierarchical calculation on the structured data table stored in the cluster storage, and the data warehouse is divided into five layers in total, including a data application layer, a data subject layer, a service data layer, a detailed data layer, and an original data layer. The data analysis engine module can utilize the data of the detail data layer to carry out analysis and pre-calculation, and stores the result into a second database, and the data analysis engine module can provide an SQL query interface and a multi-dimensional analysis (OLAP) capability above Hadoop/Spark to support super-large-scale data. The second database in this embodiment is connected to the data analysis engine module, and is configured to store an analysis result of the detail data layer, and optionally, the second database in this embodiment is a distributed database Hbase.

In this embodiment, the system further includes a data synchronization module, which is respectively connected to the data calculation engine module and the first database, and is configured to synchronize the calculation result in the data warehouse to the first database; the first database in this embodiment is a relational database, and stores the calculation results newly added to the data warehouse every day, and is also used to store other unstructured data of the entire monitoring system, including user information, parameter settings, authority information, and the like, in addition to structured operation data and log data.

In an embodiment, a line-level screen door control system data storage architecture, as shown in fig. 2, a distributed message system cluster is responsible for receiving structured screen door operation data from all platform-level monitoring system HMI (human machine interface); data in a cluster message queue of the distributed message system can be written into a first database through a back-end program of the monitoring server, wherein the first database in the embodiment adopts MySQL; before data enters the MySQL database, SQL rewriting can be carried out through a distributed database middleware solution, for example, SQL rewriting is carried out by adopting a ShardingSphereJDBC component, so that master-slave backup and vertical and horizontal library division are automatically realized. The database and table division has two modes: the method comprises the following steps of (1) vertically splitting and horizontally splitting, wherein a library and a table in the vertical splitting are different, and the structure is changed vertically; horizontal cuts are the same for both the library and the table, with horizontal changes in number.

In this embodiment, an original data layer of a data warehouse is subjected to dimension modeling through a fact table and a dimension table, wherein the fact table comprises an operation data table, and the dimension table comprises a primary dimension table and a secondary dimension table; the primary dimension table comprises a line platform table and a parameter information table, and the secondary dimension table comprises a type information table and a city table; the fact table is connected with the main dimension table, and the main dimension table is connected with the secondary dimension table. As shown in fig. 3, in order to reduce data redundancy and facilitate on-line analysis, the original data layer of the data warehouse performs dimensional modeling on the shield door operation data, and the dimensional modeling includes a fact table (operation data table) and five dimensional tables (parameter information table, type information table, line station table, city table and time information table).

In this embodiment, the system further includes a timing task scheduling module, configured to schedule all components; the visualization module is connected with the first database and used for graphically displaying data; and the distributed coordination cluster is connected with the data storage component and is used for providing registration service for the distributed cluster. Through the visualization module, the data application layer data stored in the first database can be graphically displayed. Through the timing task scheduling module, task scheduling services can be provided for all components in the system, and a group of work and processes are operated in a specific sequence in a batch workflow task.

Correspondingly, the present embodiment further provides a method for centralized monitoring of data of a multiple-track platform screen door, including:

s101, taking each platform as a data source, and storing structured data, wherein the structured data comprises monitoring data of a track platform screen door;

s102, carrying out layered calculation on the structured data to form a data warehouse, wherein the data warehouse comprises a data application layer, a data subject layer, a service data layer, a detail data layer and an original data layer;

s103, storing a data calculation result and unstructured data;

and S104, monitoring the operation parameters of all the components to finish centralized storage of data centralized monitoring of the shield door of the multi-track platform.

In the method for centralized monitoring of data of the multi-track platform screen door in the embodiment, the functional components in the system embodiment are utilized, the requirement for storage and analysis of mass operation data of the multi-track platform screen door in the rail transit is met by utilizing a big data technology, combining a data analysis technology and a data flow processing technology on the basis of a data storage module of a line-level screen door control system in the prior art, the operation data which are originally stored in each platform database in a scattered mode are collected, and after data cleaning and layered modeling processing are carried out, a foundation is laid for the follow-up intelligent functions of energy consumption analysis, fault prediction and the like.

The present embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, which when executed by a processor implements any of the methods in the present embodiments.

The present embodiment further provides an electronic terminal, including: a processor and a memory;

the memory is used for storing computer programs, and the processor is used for executing the computer programs stored by the memory so as to enable the terminal to execute the method in the embodiment.

The computer-readable storage medium in the present embodiment can be understood by those skilled in the art as follows: all or a portion of the steps of implementing the above-described method embodiments may be performed by hardware associated with a computer program. The aforementioned computer program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. When executed, the program performs steps comprising the method embodiments described above; and the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic or optical disks.

The electronic terminal provided by the embodiment comprises a processor, a memory, a transceiver and a communication interface, wherein the memory and the communication interface are connected with the processor and the transceiver and are used for completing mutual communication, the memory is used for storing a computer program, the communication interface is used for carrying out communication, and the processor and the transceiver are used for operating the computer program so that the electronic terminal can execute the steps of the method.

In this embodiment, the Memory may include a Random Access Memory (RAM), and may also include a non-volatile Memory (non-volatile Memory), such as at least one disk Memory.

The Processor may be a general-purpose Processor, including a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Network Processor (NP), and the like; the Integrated Circuit may also be a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other Programmable logic device, a discrete Gate or transistor logic device, or a discrete hardware component.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 4, the terminal device may include: an input device 1100, a first processor 1101, an output device 1102, a first memory 1103, and at least one communication bus 1104. The communication bus 1104 is used to enable communication connections between the elements. The first memory 1103 may include a high-speed RAM memory, and may also include a non-volatile storage NVM, such as at least one disk memory, and the first memory 1103 may store various programs for performing various processing functions and implementing the method steps of the present embodiment.

Alternatively, the first processor 1101 may be, for example, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), a Digital Signal Processing Device (DSPD), a Programmable Logic Device (PLD), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or other electronic components, and the first processor 1101 is coupled to the input device 1100 and the output device 1102 through a wired or wireless connection.

Optionally, the input device 1100 may include a variety of input devices, such as at least one of a user-oriented user interface, a device-oriented device interface, a software programmable interface, a camera, and a sensor. Optionally, the device interface facing the device may be a wired interface for data transmission between devices, or may be a hardware plug-in interface (e.g., a USB interface, a serial port, etc.) for data transmission between devices; optionally, the user-facing user interface may be, for example, a user-facing control key, a voice input device for receiving voice input, and a touch sensing device (e.g., a touch screen with a touch sensing function, a touch pad, etc.) for receiving user touch input; optionally, the programmable interface of the software may be, for example, an entry for a user to edit or modify a program, such as an input pin interface or an input interface of a chip; the output devices 1102 may include output devices such as a display, audio, and the like.

In this embodiment, the processor of the terminal device includes a function for executing each module of the speech recognition apparatus in each device, and specific functions and technical effects may refer to the above embodiments, which are not described herein again.

Fig. 5 is a schematic hardware structure diagram of a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present application. Fig. 5 is a specific embodiment of the implementation process of fig. 4. As shown in fig. 5, the terminal device of the present embodiment may include a second processor 1201 and a second memory 1202.

The second processor 1201 executes the computer program code stored in the second memory 1202 to implement the method described in fig. 4 in the above embodiment.

The second memory 1202 is configured to store various types of data to support operations at the terminal device. Examples of such data include instructions for any application or method operating on the terminal device, such as messages, pictures, videos, and so forth. The second memory 1202 may include a Random Access Memory (RAM) and may also include a non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as at least one disk memory.

Optionally, a second processor 1201 is provided in the processing assembly 1200. The terminal device may further include: communication component 1203, power component 1204, multimedia component 1205, speech component 1206, input/output interfaces 1207, and/or sensor component 1208. The specific components included in the terminal device are set according to actual requirements, which is not limited in this embodiment.

The processing component 1200 generally controls the overall operation of the terminal device. The processing assembly 1200 may include one or more second processors 1201 to execute instructions to perform all or part of the steps of the data processing method described above. Further, the processing component 1200 can include one or more modules that facilitate interaction between the processing component 1200 and other components. For example, the processing component 1200 can include a multimedia module to facilitate interaction between the multimedia component 1205 and the processing component 1200.

The power supply component 1204 provides power to the various components of the terminal device. The power components 1204 may include a power management system, one or more power sources, and other components associated with generating, managing, and distributing power for the terminal device.

The multimedia components 1205 include a display screen that provides an output interface between the terminal device and the user. In some embodiments, the display screen may include a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and a Touch Panel (TP). If the display screen includes a touch panel, the display screen may be implemented as a touch screen to receive an input signal from a user. The touch panel includes one or more touch sensors to sense touch, slide, and gestures on the touch panel. The touch sensor may not only sense the boundary of a touch or slide action, but also detect the duration and pressure associated with the touch or slide operation.

The voice component 1206 is configured to output and/or input voice signals. For example, the voice component 1206 includes a Microphone (MIC) configured to receive external voice signals when the terminal device is in an operational mode, such as a voice recognition mode. The received speech signal may further be stored in the second memory 1202 or transmitted via the communication component 1203. In some embodiments, the speech component 1206 further comprises a speaker for outputting speech signals.

The input/output interface 1207 provides an interface between the processing component 1200 and peripheral interface modules, which may be click wheels, buttons, etc. These buttons may include, but are not limited to: a volume button, a start button, and a lock button.

The sensor component 1208 includes one or more sensors for providing various aspects of status assessment for the terminal device. For example, the sensor component 1208 may detect an open/closed state of the terminal device, relative positioning of the components, presence or absence of user contact with the terminal device. The sensor assembly 1208 may include a proximity sensor configured to detect the presence of nearby objects without any physical contact, including detecting the distance between the user and the terminal device. In some embodiments, the sensor assembly 1208 may also include a camera or the like.

The communication component 1203 is configured to facilitate communications between the terminal device and other devices in a wired or wireless manner. The terminal device may access a wireless network based on a communication standard, such as WiFi, 2G or 3G, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the terminal device may include a SIM card slot therein for inserting a SIM card therein, so that the terminal device may log onto a GPRS network to establish communication with the server via the internet.

As can be seen from the above, the communication component 1203, the voice component 1206, the input/output interface 1207 and the sensor component 1208 involved in the embodiment of fig. 5 can be implemented as the input device in the embodiment of fig. 4.

In the above embodiments, unless otherwise specified, the description of common objects by using "first", "second", etc. ordinal numbers only indicate that they refer to different instances of the same object, rather than indicating that the objects being described must be in a given sequence, whether temporally, spatially, in ranking, or in any other manner.

In the above-described embodiments, reference in the specification to "the embodiment," "an embodiment," "another embodiment," or "other embodiments" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments is included in at least some embodiments, but not necessarily all embodiments. The various appearances of the phrase "the present embodiment," "one embodiment," or "another embodiment" are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.

In the embodiments described above, although the present invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, many alternatives, modifications, and variations of these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description. For example, other memory structures (e.g., dynamic ram (dram)) may use the discussed embodiments. The embodiments of the invention are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims.

The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment.

The invention is operational with numerous general purpose or special purpose computing system environments or configurations. For example: personal computers, server computers, hand-held or portable devices, tablet-type devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, distributed computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices, and the like.

The invention may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The invention may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices.

The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention and its efficacy, and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A data centralized monitoring system for a shield door of a multi-track platform is characterized by comprising:

2. The system for centralized data monitoring of multiple-track platform screen doors according to claim 1, further comprising:

3. The system for centralized data monitoring of multiple-track platform screen doors according to claim 2, wherein said data storage assembly comprises:

4. The system according to claim 3, wherein the log module comprises:

5. The system for centralized data monitoring of multiple-track platform screen doors according to claim 1, wherein the raw data layers of the data warehouse are dimension modeled by fact tables and dimension tables, the fact tables including operational data tables, the dimension tables including primary dimension tables and secondary dimension tables; the primary dimension table comprises a line platform table and a parameter information table, and the secondary dimension table comprises a type information table and a city table; the fact table is connected with a main dimension table, and the main dimension table is connected with a secondary dimension table.

6. The system for centralized data monitoring of multiple-track platform screen doors according to claim 1, wherein said data engine assembly further comprises:

and the data analysis engine module is connected with the data calculation engine module and is used for carrying out data analysis through the detailed data layer.

7. The system for centralized data monitoring of multiple-track platform screen doors according to claim 1, further comprising a timed task scheduling module for scheduling all components;

8. A data centralized monitoring method for a screen door of a multi-track platform is characterized by comprising the following steps:

carrying out layered calculation on the structured data to form a data warehouse, wherein the data warehouse comprises a data application layer, a data subject layer, a service data layer, a detail data layer and an original data layer;

9. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that: the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. An electronic terminal, comprising: a processor and a memory;

the memory is for storing a computer program and the processor is for executing the computer program stored by the memory to cause the terminal to perform the pair of methods of any of claims 1 to 7.