CN114460118A - 一种热轧酸洗钢板冲压开裂的判定方法 - Google Patents

一种热轧酸洗钢板冲压开裂的判定方法 Download PDF

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CN114460118A
CN114460118A CN202111477602.2A CN202111477602A CN114460118A CN 114460118 A CN114460118 A CN 114460118A CN 202111477602 A CN202111477602 A CN 202111477602A CN 114460118 A CN114460118 A CN 114460118A
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刘莉
李文亚
寇沙沙
白雅琼
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Baotou Iron and Steel Group Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种热轧酸洗钢板冲压开裂的判定方法，其目的是通过对SAPH440热轧酸洗钢板的组织进行检测，组织中出现渗碳体且沿晶界析出，渗碳体弱化晶界，当钢板在受力时，渗碳体不能跟随基体一起变形，渗碳体破裂并产生微孔、沿晶开裂。将检测结果反推到生产工艺，从而找到失效原因，寻求解决办法，优化工艺，提高质量，减少经济损失，也减少质量异议的发生。

Description

一种热轧酸洗钢板冲压开裂的判定方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种热轧酸洗钢板冲压开裂的判定方法。
背景技术
随着工业生产的发展，热轧酸洗带钢已经广泛用于汽车、空调等行业。 SAPH440热轧酸洗钢板是抗拉强度为440MPa汽车结构用钢，主要用于冲压成型的汽车零部件，如：汽车构架、支撑件、结构件。汽车零部件要求钢板表面质量高，冷成型性能好，SAPH440钢板经酸洗工艺后能达到此性能，酸洗工艺的优点：表面质量好，便于涂油和上漆；良好的冷成型性能并具有较高强度；价格介于热轧板和冷轧板之间。然而，某厂生产SAPH440热轧酸洗钢板在制作汽车冲压结构件时，出现冲压开裂现象。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明的目的是提供一种热轧酸洗钢板冲压开裂的判定方法，通过对SAPH440热轧酸洗钢板出现冲压开裂件进行检测，找出冲压开裂的原因，总结判定冲压开裂的方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种热轧酸洗钢板冲压开裂的判定方法，在SAPH440热轧酸洗钢板的开裂断口两个对偶面处分别取金相试样及扫描电镜试样，进行金相及扫描电镜检测；在未开裂部位取金相试样、力学试样、化学成分试样，进行检测；
试样开裂面进行金相检测结果：组织为铁素体+珠光体+析出物；
将试样放入扫描电镜进行检测结果：试样晶界上有析出物，且在析出物上有微裂纹，经扫描电镜能谱分析，析出物为渗碳体；开裂断口试样放入扫描电镜进行断口检测，断口形貌均为韧窝断口，断口有二次裂纹，断口上未见异常夹杂；
则这由于晶界上有渗碳体的析出，渗碳体弱化晶界，因此钢板在受冲压时，渗碳体不能跟随基体一起变形，从而导致渗碳体破裂并产生微孔、沿晶开裂。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益技术效果：
通过对SAPH440热轧酸洗钢板的组织进行检测，组织中出现渗碳体且沿晶界析出，渗碳体弱化晶界，当钢板在受力时，渗碳体不能跟随基体一起变形，渗碳体破裂并产生微孔、沿晶开裂。将检测结果反推到生产工艺，从而找到失效原因，寻求解决办法，优化工艺，提高质量，减少经济损失，也减少质量异议的发生。
附图说明
下面结合附图说明对本发明作进一步说明。
图1为裂纹宏观形貌及断口形貌，其中：a为钢板宏观照片，b为裂纹形貌， c为断口形貌；
图2为1#试样开裂面组织；
图3为1#试样垂直开裂面组织；
图4为3#试样组织；
图5为断口形貌；
图6为晶界及基体能谱比对，其中：a为渗碳体沿晶界析出，b为珠光体碳含量；
图7为1#试样沿渗碳体伴生裂纹；
图8为3#试样渗碳体上无裂纹。
具体实施方式
对SAPH440热轧酸洗钢板开裂件取金相试样及扫描电镜试样，进行金相及扫描电镜检测检测，取力学试样、化学成分试样，进行检测，分析开裂的原因，总结判定冲压开裂的方法。
1.理化检验
1.1裂纹宏观形貌及断口形貌
钢板冲压开裂部位位于钢板变形的圆弧处且在冲压深度的二分之一处，开裂长约为200mm，开裂断口处可见钢板变薄，断口呈平整的直线状(见图1a、b、 c)。
1.2取样
在开裂断口两个对偶面处分别取金相试样及扫描电镜试样，金相试样编号为1#，扫描电镜编号为2#；在钢板未开裂部位取金相试样、力学试样、化学成分试样，金相试样编号为3#，力学试样编号为3-1#、3-2#。
1.3化学成分：
化学成分检验结果见表1。
表1化学成分(质量分数)％
Figure RE-GDA0003594282530000031
化学成分符合Q/BG560-2014标准要求。
1.4金相检验
对1#试样开裂面及垂直开裂面、3#试样纵向面及横向面分别进行相关金相检验，结果如表2所示。
1#试样开裂面金相组织为铁素体+珠光体，试样心部有珠光体条带(见图2)； 1#试样垂直开裂面金相组织为铁素体+珠光体，试样心部有珠光体条带(见图3)。
3#试样横向面组织为铁素体+珠光体，试样心部有珠光体条带(见图4)。
表2. 1#试样、3#试样金相检验结果
Figure RE-GDA0003594282530000041
1.5扫描电镜检测：
将2#试样放入扫描电镜进行断口检测，断口形貌均为韧窝断口，断口有二次裂纹，断口上未见异常夹杂(见图5)。
将1#试样开裂面放入扫描电镜进行检测，试样晶界上有渗碳体析出(见图6a、 b)，且在渗碳体上产生微裂纹(见图7)。将未3#试样放入扫描电镜进行检测，试样晶界上有渗碳体析出，未见裂纹(见图8)。
1.6力学性能：
力学性能检验结果见表3
表3力学性能
Figure RE-GDA0003594282530000051
力学性能符合Q/BG560-2014标准要求。
2.分析和结论
渗碳体对组织性能影响较大，在铁素体晶界上常出现一些游离的渗碳体，如果轧后冷却速度不足，在A1温度，奥氏体绝大多数通过多型性转变为铁素体，但仍有少量奥氏体处于铁素体晶粒内。在随后的奥氏体共析分解时，把渗碳体留在晶界，冷却越慢，这种渗碳体越易产生，渗碳体分布在晶界上，将引起晶界脆化。
判断冲压开裂的方法：金相检测晶界上有渗碳体的析出，渗碳体弱化晶界，当钢板在受冲压时，渗碳体不能跟随基体一起变形，渗碳体破裂并产生微孔、沿晶开裂。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进，均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。

Claims (1)

1.一种热轧酸洗钢板冲压开裂的判定方法，其特征在于，在SAPH440热轧酸洗钢板的开裂断口两个对偶面处分别取金相试样及扫描电镜试样，进行金相及扫描电镜检测；在未开裂部位取金相试样、力学试样、化学成分试样，进行检测；
试样开裂面进行金相检测结果：组织为铁素体+珠光体+析出物；
将试样放入扫描电镜进行检测结果：试样晶界上有析出物，且在析出物上有微裂纹，经扫描电镜能谱分析，析出物为渗碳体；开裂断口试样放入扫描电镜进行断口检测，断口形貌均为韧窝断口，断口有二次裂纹，断口上未见异常夹杂；
则这由于晶界上有渗碳体的析出，渗碳体弱化晶界，因此钢板在受冲压时，渗碳体不能跟随基体一起变形，从而导致渗碳体破裂并产生微孔、沿晶开裂。
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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100108201A1 (en) * 2007-03-27 2010-05-06 Tatsuo Yokoi High-strength hot rolled steel sheet being free from peeling and excellent in surface properties and burring properties, and method for manufacturing the same

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100108201A1 (en) * 2007-03-27 2010-05-06 Tatsuo Yokoi High-strength hot rolled steel sheet being free from peeling and excellent in surface properties and burring properties, and method for manufacturing the same

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
刘莉;寇沙沙;: "SAPH440钢板冲压开裂原因分析", 包钢科技, no. 02, pages 69 - 72 *
孙成钱;时晓光;徐荣杰;刘仁东;韩斌;董毅;张宇;: "SAPH440热轧钢板的研制及裂纹形成原因分析", 热加工工艺, no. 01, pages 172 - 173 *

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