CN114459514A - 啁啾频率编码的高速光纤光栅传感***及方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了啁啾频率编码的高速光纤光栅传感***及方法,属于光纤传感领域。传感***包括锁模激光器、色散补偿光纤、掺饵光纤放大器、光纤耦合器一号、单模光纤一号、光纤延时器、光纤耦合器二号、光纤环形器、单模光纤二号、光纤光栅、光电探测器、示波器。锁模激光器和色散补偿光纤实现光信号波长到时间的映射,光纤耦合器一号、单模光纤一号、光纤延时器、光纤耦合器二号构成马赫曾德干涉结构进行光脉冲啁啾频率编码,编码信号经光纤光栅反射后经光纤环形器、光电探测器送入示波器进行检测,并获得实时传感数据。与现有传感技术相比,本发明成功实现高稳定性、高分辨率以及超快解调速度等优越性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于光纤传感技术领域,具体涉及一种啁啾频率编码的高速光纤光栅传感***及方法。
技术背景
光纤光栅属于无源滤波器件,纤芯内的折射率发生轴向周期性变化,只允许特定波长的光透射或反射。光纤光栅对于温度、应变等外界环境变化较敏感,在光纤通信、光纤传感等领域有着广泛的应用。光纤光栅传感主要是通过测量波长漂移量得到反射谱的中心波长的位置变化,进而实现对被测量的传感。
传统的光纤解调方法通过将波长偏移更改为光学强度交替来实现高速解调,或者将波长偏移转换为光学相变。但传统的解调方法存在着解调速度慢、抗外界干扰能力差、容易受到光源功率波动等缺点,难以满足目前对于高精度超快解调的要求。
采用波长到时间的映射可以克服传输速度的限制实现高速传感,已经用于实时光谱和成像领域。啁啾是指信号的频率随时间发生变化,通过对脉冲编码能够提高通信的稳定性。因此以啁啾频率编码的光纤光栅传感***在超快高分辨率传感领域有着广阔的发展空间。
发明内容
针对现有技术的缺陷及改进需要,本发明提供了一种啁啾频率编码的高速光纤光栅传感***及方法,其目的在于结合波长到时间的映射和啁啾频率编码,利用光纤光栅作为传感单元,以提高解调速度和传感***稳定性,以此制备出高分辨率超快光纤光栅传感装置。
为达上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
提供了啁啾频率编码的高速光纤光栅传感***及方法,其特征在于:包括锁模激光器(1)、色散补偿光纤(2)、掺饵光纤放大器(3)、光纤耦合器一号(4)、单模光纤一号(5)、光纤延时器(6)、光纤耦合器二号(7)、光纤环形器(8)、单模光纤二号(9)、光纤光栅(10)、光电探测器(11)、示波器(12),其中:
所述色散补偿光纤(2)两端分别连接锁模激光器(1)的输出端和掺铒光纤放大器(3)的输入端;
所述光纤耦合器一号(4)内包含I1、O1、O2三个端口,I1端与掺饵光纤放大器(3)的输出端相连接,O1、O2两端分别连接单模光纤一号(5)、光纤延时器(6)的输入端,光纤耦合器二号(7)内包含I2、I3、O3三个端口,I2、I3两端分别连接单模光纤一号(5)、光纤延时器(6)的输出端,O3端为输出端;
所述光纤环形器(8)内包含P1、P2、P3三个端口,P1端与光纤耦合器二号(7)输出端O3相连接,P2端与单模光纤二号(9)相连接,P3端与光电探测器(11)相连接;
所述示波器(12)为采样示波器,对光电探测器(11)输出电信号进行实时探测。
所述的一种啁啾频率编码的高速光纤光栅传感***,其特征在于:所述的锁模激光器(1)产生50MHz超短飞秒脉冲光信号,脉冲宽度为550fs。
所述的一种啁啾频率编码的高速光纤光栅传感***,其特征在于:所述的色散补偿光纤(2)长度为38km,色散系数为-16×106s/m2,输出光脉冲宽度为6.17ns。
所述的一种啁啾频率编码的高速光纤光栅传感***,其特征在于:所述的光纤耦合器一号(4)、单模光纤一号(5)、光纤延时器(6)、光纤耦合器二号(7)构成马赫曾德干涉结构实现光脉冲啁啾频率编码。
所述的一种啁啾频率编码的高速光纤光栅传感***,其特征在于:所述的单模光纤一号(5),长度为2085m,色散系数为16×106s/m2,光纤延时器(6)具有27ns固定时延,光纤耦合器一号(4),光纤耦合器二号(7)分光比为1:1。
所述的一种啁啾频率编码的高速光纤光栅传感***,其特征在于:所述的单模光纤二号(9)提供远距离光纤传感功能,其长度范围为1km~100km。
所述的一种啁啾频率编码的高速光纤光栅传感***,其特征在于:所述的光纤光栅(10)为中心波长位于1552.52nm的光纤布拉格光栅。
一种啁啾频率编码的高速光纤光栅传感方法,其特征在于:通过锁模激光器和色散补偿光纤连接所构成的时间拉伸***实现光信号波长到时间的映射,通过单模光纤和时间延迟器所构成的干涉***对拉伸后光脉冲信号进行啁啾频率编码,啁啾编码信号通过光环形器进入光纤布拉格光栅,光纤布拉格光栅反射光谱携带与波长一一对应的频率信息,经光纤环形器后由光电探测器接收,再送入示波器实现数据高速采集并输出,最终通过短时傅里叶变换的方法提取输出信号所携带频率信息进而获得光纤布拉格光栅反射中心波长。
所述的一种啁啾频率编码的高速光纤光栅方法,其特征在于:通过啁啾频率编码使得***具有光纤光栅布拉格波长高速时域解调功能。
所述的一种啁啾频率编码的高速光纤光栅方法,其特征在于:输出时域信号携带频率信息与光纤光栅布拉格波长一一对应,不受远距离传输过程中所产生的额外时延影响。
总体而言,按照本发明的啁啾频率编码的高速光纤光栅传感***及方法与现有技术相比,主要具备以下的技术优点:
1.通过锁模激光器和色散补偿光纤连接所构成的时间拉伸***实现光信号波长到时间的映射;通过马赫曾德干涉结构实现光脉冲啁啾频率编码,采用短时傅里叶变换方法获取光纤光栅反射波的中心波长,实现高解调速度、高稳定性、高分辨率传感;
2.提供远距离光纤传感功能的同时输出时域信号携带频率信息与光纤光栅布拉格波长一一对应,不受远距离传输过程中所产生的额外时延影响;
3.按照本发明所构造的光纤光栅传感器采用光纤光栅材料作为传感单元,整体体积较小,抗电磁干扰能力强,***稳定性强、便于操控、可重复性好,可以用于大规模的生产应用。
附图说明
图1为本发明啁啾频率编码的高速光纤光栅传感***的结构示意图。
具体实施方法
下面结合说明书附图进一步说明本发明的具体实施方式。
如图1,本实施方式所述的啁啾频率编码的高速光纤光栅传感***及方法,其特征在于:包括锁模激光器(1)、色散补偿光纤(2)、掺饵光纤放大器(3)、光纤耦合器一号(4)、单模光纤一号(5)、光纤延时器(6)、光纤耦合器二号(7)、光纤环形器(8)、单模光纤二号(9)、光纤光栅(10)、光电探测器(11)、示波器(12),其中:
所述色散补偿光纤(2)两端分别连接锁模激光器(1)的输出端和掺铒光纤放大器(3)的输入端;
所述光纤耦合器一号(4)内包含I1、O1、O2三个端口,I1端与掺饵光纤放大器(3)的输出端相连接,O1、O2两端分别连接单模光纤一号(5)、光纤延时器(6)的输入端,光纤耦合器二号(7)内包含I2、I3、O3三个端口,I2、I3两端分别连接单模光纤一号(5)、光纤延时器(6)的输出端,O3端为输出端;
所述光纤环形器(8)内包含P1、P2、P3三个端口,P1端与光纤耦合器二号(7)输出端O3相连接,P2端与单模光纤二号(9)相连接,P3端与光电探测器(11)相连接;
所述示波器(12)为采样示波器,对光电探测器(11)输出电信号进行实时探测。
所述的锁模激光器(1)产生50MHz超短飞秒脉冲光信号,脉冲宽度为550fs。
所述的色散补偿光纤(2)长度为38km,色散系数为-16×106s/m2,输出光脉冲宽度为6.17ns。
所述的光纤耦合器一号(4)、单模光纤一号(5)、光纤延时器(6)、光纤耦合器二号(7)构成马赫曾德干涉结构实现光脉冲啁啾频率编码。
所述的单模光纤一号(5),长度为2085m,色散系数为16×106s/m2,光纤延时器(6)具有27ns固定时延,光纤耦合器一号(4),光纤耦合器二号(7)分光比为1:1。
所述的单模光纤二号(9)提供远距离光纤传感功能,其长度范围为1km~100km。
所述的光纤光栅(10)为中心波长位于1552.52nm的光纤布拉格光栅。
所述的一种啁啾频率编码的高速光纤光栅传感方法,其特征在于:通过锁模激光器和色散补偿光纤连接所构成的时间拉伸***实现光信号波长到时间的映射,通过单模光纤和时间延迟器所构成的干涉***对拉伸后光脉冲信号进行啁啾频率编码,啁啾编码信号通过光环形器进入光纤布拉格光栅,光纤布拉格光栅反射光谱携带与波长一一对应的频率信息,经光纤环形器后由光电探测器接收,再送入示波器实现数据高速采集并输出,最终通过短时傅里叶变换的方法提取输出信号所携带频率信息进而获得光纤布拉格光栅反射中心波长。
所述的一种啁啾频率编码的高速光纤光栅方法,其特征在于:通过啁啾频率编码使得***具有光纤光栅布拉格波长高速时域解调功能。
所述的一种啁啾频率编码的高速光纤光栅方法,其特征在于:输出时域信号携带频率信息与光纤光栅布拉格波长一一对应,不受远距离传输过程中所产生的额外时延影响。
工作原理:
工作过程:将光路按照光路图搭建好,并尽量使***稳定,然后将光纤光栅置于环境中,打开锁模激光器开关,信号光由锁模激光器(1)和色散补偿光纤(2)连接所构成的时间拉伸***进行光信号波长到时间的映射后传输至掺饵光纤放大器(3);光信号通过光纤耦合器一号(4)后50%光信号传输至单模光纤一号(5),50%光信号传输至光纤延时器(6),二者输出信号经光纤耦合器二号(7)耦合输出,通过单模光纤一号(5)和光纤延时器(6)所构成的干涉***进行啁啾频率编码,啁啾编码信号由光纤环形器(8)的P1端至P2端送至光纤光栅(10),反射波通过光纤环形器(8)的P2端至P3端传至光电探测器(11),光电探测器(11)接收后最终送入至示波器(12)进行检测。
测量原理:光纤光栅(10)可以看作是具有窄带光源特性的滤波器或者反射镜,能够反射特定波长的光,其他波长的光将会透射过去。反射光的波长满足下式:
λ=2neffΛ
式中neff表示光纤光栅的有效折射率,Λ表示光纤光栅的栅格周期长度,反射波波长的移位量满足下式:
Δλ=2ΔneffΛ+2neffΔΛ
光纤光栅反射光的中心波长取决于光栅的条纹间距,光栅的条纹间距取决于施加的应变和温度。外界温度或应变等物理量的变化与所导致的光栅栅距变化呈线性关系,光栅反射波长随栅距变化而线性变化,所以通过检测光纤光栅波长的变化可以测出被测量的变化,进而获得待测数据。
通过以下仿真模拟验证本发明的效果:
由锁模激光器(1)产生50MHz超短飞秒脉冲光信号,在锁模激光器(1)后设置一个38km长的色散补偿光纤(2),其色散系数为-16×106s/m2。传输的脉冲时间从550fs扩展到6.17ns。单模光纤一号(5)长为2085m。光纤耦合器一号(4)、单模光纤一号(5)、光纤延时器(6)、光纤耦合器二号(7)构成马赫曾德干涉结构进行光脉冲啁啾频率编码,因此获得了在展宽脉冲窗口内7GHz至29GHz的线性啁啾微波波形。经光纤光栅(10)反射后,中心波长从1559.0nm移动至1547.7nm,采用光纤环形器(8)进行光路引导,通过波长-时间的映射方法,通过检测时移获取传感信息。根据波长—时间的映射结果,通过选择时间分辨率为1ps的示波器(12)可以在50MHz的速度下实现0.0017nm的检测分辨率。为了识别每个反射脉冲的中心频率,采用光学短时傅立叶变换(STFT)来计算中心频率,计算结果为28.33GHz,39.51GHz,50.48GHz,62.78GHz,73.55GHz,85.14GHz,96.21GHz,and 10120GHz。因此,可以证明所提出的高速和高分辨率传感***的有效性能。
Claims (10)
1.一种啁啾频率编码的高速光纤光栅传感***,其特征在于:包括锁模激光器(1)、色散补偿光纤(2)、掺饵光纤放大器(3)、光纤耦合器一号(4)、单模光纤一号(5)、光纤延时器(6)、光纤耦合器二号(7)、光纤环形器(8)、单模光纤二号(9)、光纤光栅(10)、光电探测器(11)、示波器(12),其中:
所述色散补偿光纤(2)两端分别连接锁模激光器(1)的输出端和掺铒光纤放大器(3)的输入端;
所述光纤耦合器一号(4)内包含I1、O1、O2三个端口,I1端与掺饵光纤放大器(3)的输出端相连接,O1、O2两端分别连接单模光纤一号(5)、光纤延时器(6)的输入端,光纤耦合器二号(7)内包含I2、I3、O3三个端口,I2、I3两端分别连接单模光纤一号(5)、光纤延时器(6)的输出端,O3端为输出端;
所述光纤环形器(8)内包含P1、P2、P3三个端口,P1端与光纤耦合器二号(7)输出端O3相连接,P2端与单模光纤二号(9)相连接,P3端与光电探测器(11)相连接;
所述示波器(12)为采样示波器,对光电探测器(11)输出电信号进行实时探测。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种啁啾频率编码的高速光纤光栅传感***,其特征在于:所述的锁模激光器(1)产生50MHz超短飞秒脉冲光信号,脉冲宽度为550fs。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种啁啾频率编码的高速光纤光栅传感***,其特征在于:所述的色散补偿光纤(2)长度为38km,色散系数为-16×106s/m2,输出光脉冲宽度为6.17ns。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种啁啾频率编码的高速光纤光栅传感***,其特征在于:所述的光纤耦合器一号(4)、单模光纤一号(5)、光纤延时器(6)、光纤耦合器二号(7)构成马赫曾德干涉结构实现光脉冲啁啾频率编码。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种啁啾频率编码的高速光纤光栅传感***,其特征在于:所述的单模光纤一号(5),长度为2085m,色散系数为16×106s/m2,光纤延时器(6)具有27ns固定时延,光纤耦合器一号(4),光纤耦合器二号(7)分光比为1:1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种啁啾频率编码的高速光纤光栅传感***,其特征在于:所述的单模光纤二号(9)提供远距离光纤传感功能,其长度范围为1km~100km。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种啁啾频率编码的高速光纤光栅传感***,其特征在于:所述的光纤光栅(10)为中心波长位于1552.52nm的光纤布拉格光栅。
8.一种啁啾频率编码的高速光纤光栅传感方法,其特征在于:通过锁模激光器和色散补偿光纤连接所构成的时间拉伸***实现光信号波长到时间的映射,通过单模光纤和时间延迟器所构成的干涉***对拉伸后光脉冲信号进行啁啾频率编码,啁啾编码信号通过光环形器进入光纤布拉格光栅,光纤布拉格光栅反射光谱携带与波长一一对应的频率信息,经光纤环形器后由光电探测器接收,再送入示波器实现数据高速采集并输出,最终通过短时傅里叶变换的方法提取输出信号所携带频率信息进而获得光纤布拉格光栅反射中心波长。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种啁啾频率编码的高速光纤光栅方法,其特征在于:通过啁啾频率编码使得***具有光纤光栅布拉格波长高速时域解调功能。
10.根据权利要求8所述的一种啁啾频率编码的高速光纤光栅方法,其特征在于:输出时域信号携带频率信息与光纤光栅布拉格波长一一对应,不受远距离传输过程中所产生的额外时延影响。
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