CN114457586A - 一种具有液滴单向透过性的高导热超双疏织物的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种具有液滴单向透过性的高导热超双疏织物的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114457586A
CN114457586A CN202210134283.3A CN202210134283A CN114457586A CN 114457586 A CN114457586 A CN 114457586A CN 202210134283 A CN202210134283 A CN 202210134283A CN 114457586 A CN114457586 A CN 114457586A
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李斐然
潘昀路
王帅
赵学增
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Abstract

本发明涉及功能材料技术领域，更具体的说是一种具有液滴单向透过性的高导热超双疏织物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：S1:将织物利用用于清洗的有机溶剂中进行清洗；S2:将织物浸泡在含有氮化硼和α‑氰基丙烯酸乙酯的丙酮溶液中；S3:将织物在阳离子聚电解质溶液和阴离子聚电解质溶液中反复浸泡；所述的阴、阳离子聚电解质溶液浓度均为1mg/ml，并且都含有1mol/L浓度的氯化钠；S4:将织物浸泡在全氟辛酸乙醇溶液中；S5:在织物的一面覆盖带有孔阵列的掩膜并进行紫外光照射。所获得织物具备单向液滴透过特性的同时还具有快速脱水、抗油和导热快的特性。

Description

一种具有液滴单向透过性的高导热超双疏织物的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及功能材料技术领域，更具体的说是一种具有液滴单向透过性的高导热超双疏织物的制备方法。
背景技术
液滴的单向透过性广泛存在于自然界中，例如甲虫背、蜘蛛网、仙人掌等。近年来，利用这种类似于液体“二极管”的特性制成的织物，可将人体皮肤表面的汗液定向输送至衣服外侧，使皮肤保持干爽且舒适的温度，成为了功能性服装制作及特殊润湿性织物领域关注的重点。这种具有液滴单向透过性的材料主要通过多层润湿性不同的材料经热压、纺丝、喷涂等方式复合而成，也可通过不对称化学修饰来制备。
但目前的商用布料虽能实现内侧液滴单向运输至外侧，但无法避免外界液体的污染。同时，随着皮肤表面汗液不断输送到布料外侧，而布料外侧又无法快速脱去汗液，这就导致布料逐渐变重并且汗液运输速率降低，大大限制了其应用，其抗油污染性、导热性和透气性较差，制备工艺复杂。
发明内容
本发明提供一种具有液滴单向透过性的高导热超双疏织物的制备方法，目的是可以使织物具备单向液滴透过特性的同时还具有快速脱水、抗油和导热快的特性。
上述目的通过以下技术方案来实现：
一种具有液滴单向透过性的高导热超双疏织物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1:将织物浸泡在用于清洗的有机溶剂中进行清洗，清洗后烘干；
S2:将烘干后的织物浸泡在含有浓度为(5至30)g/L的氮化硼和浓度为(2至12)g/Lα-氰基丙烯酸乙酯的丙酮溶液中，浸泡后烘干；其中，所用氮化硼微纳米颗粒的粒径为2μm。
S3:将织物在阳离子聚电解质溶液和阴离子聚电解质溶液中反复浸泡；优选为5次，具体顺序为阳离子聚电解质溶液——阴离子聚电解质溶液——阳离子聚电解质溶液——阴离子聚电解质溶液——阳离子聚电解质溶液。其中，阳离子聚电解质溶液为聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵溶液、聚乙烯亚胺溶液、壳聚糖溶液或聚丙烯胺盐酸盐溶液，阴离子聚电解质溶液为聚苯乙烯磺酸钠溶液或海藻酸钠溶液，所述的阳、阴离子聚电解质溶液浓度均为(1至3)mg/ml，并且都含有(0.5至1.2)mol/L浓度的氯化钠，优选的，在阳离子聚电解质溶液、浸泡前用等离子水冲洗织物一分钟；
S4:将织物浸泡在全氟辛酸乙醇溶液中，浸泡后烘干；
S5:在织物的一面覆盖带有孔阵列的掩膜并进行紫外光照射；照射时波长≤254nm，180W时需照射30至45min，若40至60W灯照射需要约4小时。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的具有液滴单向透过性的高导热超双疏织物的结构原理图。
图2为实施例2制备的具有液滴单向透过性的高导热超双疏织物的润湿性表现及液滴单向透过的过程示意图；
图3为实施例3制备的具有液滴单向透过性的高导热超双疏织物的扫描电镜图。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
一种具有液滴单向透过性的高导热超双疏织物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1:将白色或着色的针织或机织棉织物浸泡在有机溶液中，利用超声波震荡清洗5至20min后(优选采用15min),在空气循环干燥箱内80℃烘干；其中，有机溶液采用乙二醇、甲醇和或去离子水等高极性溶液，优选地采用乙醇和丙酮混合液；
步骤2:将烘干后的织物浸泡在含有氮化硼和α-氰基丙烯酸乙酯的丙酮溶液中，其中氮化硼的浓度为12g/L，α-氰基丙烯酸乙酯的浓度为5g/L,超声波震荡5至20min后(优选采用10min)后取出烘干；
步骤3:将织物在聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵溶液和聚苯乙烯磺酸钠溶液中依次先后反复浸泡5次，优选的，在每次聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵溶液浸泡前用等离子水冲洗织物一分钟；
步骤4:将步骤3处理后的织物浸泡在0.1mol/l的全氟辛酸乙醇溶液中；
步骤5:将步骤4处理后的织物取出在空气循环干燥箱中60至120℃(优选采用80℃)烘干5至15分钟(优选采用15分钟)，在织物的一面覆盖带有≤3mm直径(优选采用2mm)且≥1.5mm(优选采用10mm)间距的孔阵列的掩膜并进用254nm、180W的紫外光照射45min，最终得到具有液滴单向透过性的高导热超双疏织物，在该步骤中采用优选值单透性效果最佳。
所用氮化硼微纳米颗粒的粒径为2μm；
所述的阳、阴离子聚电解质溶液浓度均为1mg/ml，并且都含有1mol/L浓度的氯化钠；
如图1所示，该织物表面被紫外光照射部分呈现出厚度方向上的梯度润湿性，虽表面被照射点处为超亲水超疏油但整体还是表现出超双疏性。
实施例2：
结合实施例1，将步骤3中的聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵溶液替换为聚乙烯亚胺溶液。
将步骤5中的180W的紫外光照射时间由45分钟替换为30min。
如图2所示，本实例制备的织物反正面均具备双疏特性，织物从水中取出后，只有正面被紫外光照射过的点处有水滴粘附且水滴可甩掉。图2c展示了液滴单向透过的动态过程，从图中可以看出液滴在单向透过织物后并没有在表面摊平而是在液滴积累到一定大小时自动滑落从而脱离织物表面。
实施例3：
结合实施例1，将步骤5中的180W的紫外光照射30min。
如图3所示，从本实例制备的织物正面光照点处、正面掩膜遮盖处以及背面的电镜图可以看出氮化硼颗粒均匀地分布在了织物纤维上，使织物整体的导热性能提高。
本申请采用聚电解质层层组装的策略，通过结合含氟离子使织物具备超双疏特性，并通过覆盖掩膜后光照进行改性使得：
(1)不仅可以防止外侧被水浸润，而且具备双面抗油性，能够防止各种油对织物的污染且易于清洁。
(2)相比于普通的Janus织物，可将内侧输送到外侧的汗液或水快速脱去，而不是被外侧直接吸收，保持了织物更轻的重量，并且不影响液滴透过的速率。
(3)由于加入了导热性良好的氮化硼粒子，相比于现有的商用织物，在相同时间内，吸收相同的热量其散热更快，结合其单向输送汗液的功能，可使人在运动后快速降温。
(4)本发明制备工艺操作简单，对环境、设备等因素要求低，重复性好，适用于大规模生产。

Claims (10)

1.一种具有液滴单向透过性的高导热超双疏织物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1:将织物浸泡在用于清洗的有机溶剂中进行清洗；
S2:将烘干后的织物浸泡在含有氮化硼和α-氰基丙烯酸乙酯的丙酮溶液中；
S3:将织物在阳离子聚电解质溶液和阴离子聚电解质溶液中反复浸泡；
S4:将织物浸泡在全氟辛酸乙醇溶液中；
S5:在织物的一面覆盖带有孔阵列的掩膜并进行紫外光照射。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，所述织物为棉织物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，所述氮化硼的质量浓度为12g/L，所述α-氰基丙烯酸乙酯的质量浓度为5g/L。
4.根据权利要求1至3任意一项所述的制备方法，所述S3中，织物在聚电解质溶液中浸泡的顺序阳离子聚电解质溶液——阴离子聚电解质溶液——阳离子聚电解质溶液——阴离子聚电解质溶液——阳离子聚电解质溶液。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法，阳离子聚电解质溶液为聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵溶液或聚乙烯亚胺溶液，阴离子聚电解质溶液为聚苯乙烯磺酸钠溶液。
6.根据权利要求5或1所述的制备方法，所述阴离子聚电解质溶液和阳离子聚电解质溶液的浓度均为1mg/ml，且两溶液中分别含有1mol/L浓度的氯化钠。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，所述全氟辛酸溶液浓度为0.1mol/L。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，所述掩膜上孔的直径为2mm，孔间距为10mm。
9.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，所述紫外光由波长254nm、180W紫外灯产生，照射时间为30～45min。
10.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，所述浸泡均利用超声震荡。
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