CN114457278A - 一种超(超)临界用钢的连铸圆坯开浇炉氧含量控制方法 - Google Patents
一种超(超)临界用钢的连铸圆坯开浇炉氧含量控制方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于钢铁制造技术领域,公开了一种超(超)临界用钢的连铸圆坯开浇炉氧含量控制方法。本发明通过改变增氮方式及提高开浇过程保护浇注,可使氧含量合格率大幅提高。通过该工艺冶炼的超(超)P91、P92钢,氧含量得到有效控制,开浇炉氧含量控制在0.0030%以下,取得了较好的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及钢铁制造技术领域,具体的说是一种超(超)临界用P91、P92连铸原坯开浇炉脱氧工艺。
背景技术
超(超)临界用P91、P92钢碳含量较低,一般控制在0.08%~0.12%之间,合金含量在10%~12%之间。这类钢长期服役在高温高压且有水蒸气的恶性环境之中,如果钢中Al含量过高,就会受到氧化使钢管提前失效,引发安全问题。因此,冶炼时Al含量应控制在0.015%以下。由于碳含量较低,Cr、Mo等合金含量高,且Al含量较少,造成脱氧困难。ASME标准中规定,钢中的氧含量≤0.0040%,但由于没有强脱氧剂,加之VD后往往通过喂线增氮,导致钢二次氧化严重,尤其是开浇炉,氧含量常有超标现象。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的不足,本发明提出了一种控制连铸开浇炉钢中氧含量的工艺。本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
一种超(超)临界用钢的连铸圆坯开浇炉氧含量的控制方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、EF钢水冶炼:
首先高炉将焦炭和矿石冶炼成铁水,再将铁水和废钢加入电炉,并向电炉熔池内吹入氧气,加入石灰造渣、脱碳、除磷;当温度不大于1560℃时,通过换渣和炉门流渣操作方法,脱除钢中的磷含量;当碳和磷达到目标要求后,采用EBT偏心炉底出钢,钢水量达到钢包的1/4时随钢流加入石灰、铬铁、金属锰、钼铁、铝铁合金辅料,得到钢水;
S2、LF精炼:
将S1得到的钢水进行精炼,采用惰性气体炉盖保护,减少钢水二次氧化;钢包使用双底透气砖,精炼全过程氩气搅拌;采用一定的炉渣配比方案,实施脱硫,然后加入矾铁、铬铁、硅铁、金属锰、钼铁、镍铁、铌铁调整成分;
S3、VD真空处理:
将S2得到的钢水进行真空处理,达到脱氢的目的;VD高真空过程保持一定时间,破空,通过底吹氮气增氮,氮气在一定压力下并保持一定流量,当氮元素达到目标含量后,将钢水吊至连铸工位。
S4、连铸:
将S3真空处理后得到的钢水在圆坯连铸机上进行连铸,中包盖上布置有若干氩气排空管道和孔,开浇前,向带有氩气排空管道的中包盖通入氩气,并向中包盖的孔中分别***氩管,排除中间包中的空气。
步骤S1中,石灰、铬铁、金属锰、钼铁、铝铁合金辅料,步骤S2中,矾铁、铬铁、硅铁、金属锰、钼铁、镍铁、铌铁这些物质的添加量均根据P91、P92钢的相关标准添加。
进一步,所述S1中的铁水中各化学元素质量百分比为:C:≥3.5%,Mn:≤1.0%,Si:0.20~0.60%,Ni≤0.05%,Cu≤0.05%,P≤0.14%,S≤0.05%,Mo≤0.05%,Ti≤0.060%,As≤0.005%,Sn≤0.005%,Bi≤0.005%,Pb≤0.003%,Sb≤0.003%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
进一步,所述S1中,电炉兑入的铁水比例不小于铁水和废钢总质量的85%。
进一步,所述S1中,碳和磷的目标要求为:出钢碳的质量比控制在0.004%以下,出钢磷的质量比≤0.005%。
进一步,所述S2中,炉渣配比为ω(CaO)=48%~58%,ω(A12O3)=17%~23%,ω(SiO2)=9%~13%,ω(MgO)=4%~6%。
进一步,所述S3中,VD高真空度在67Pa以下保持时间不小于15min。
进一步,所述S3中,破空后定氢、开始采用底吹氮气增氮,每个透气砖氮气流量控制在80~90NL/m3,氮气压力为0.13~0.14Mpa。
进一步,所述S3中,底吹氮气时间控制在30min以内,可将氮增至目标含量。所述氮元素的目标含量为0.048~0.062%。
进一步,所述S4中,中包盖上布置有若干氩气排空管道和孔,其中,氩气排空管道用于排除中包内的空气。孔的数量为三个,孔中***氩管通入氩气进一步加强排空。
本发明所述的超(超)临界用钢的连铸圆坯开浇炉氧含量控制方法适用于制备P91、P92钢。
一种采用上述方法制备的P91、P92钢,其开浇炉氧含量控制在0.0030%以下,有效实现对氧含量的控制。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)采用高碱性电炉冶炼,通过EBT偏心炉底出钢,有效地减少了出钢下渣。然后经过LF精炼复合脱氧,通过控制过程Al含量实现对钢水中氧含量的控制。
(2)VD破空后,采用底吹氮的方式增氮,有效地避免喂线引起的钢水二次氧化。
(3)在中包盖上布置氩气管路,实现开浇前大力度排除中间包的空气的目的。
(4)在中包盖烘烤区域***三个氩气管,进一步增大排空力度。
(5)通过该工艺冶炼的超(超)P91、P92钢,氧含量得到有效控制,开浇炉氧含量控制在0.0030%以下,取得了较好的效果。
附图说明
图1是本发明生产工艺流程图;
图2是本发明中包盖氩气管路图;
图3是本发明钢包双底透气砖图;
图4是本发明中氩管的结构示意图,a-主视图,b-侧视图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用于解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
一种控制P92开浇氧气含量的方法,工艺流程见图1所示,生产了5组中包,出现了5个开浇炉次。包括以下步骤:
S1:钢水的冶炼:首先高炉将焦炭和矿石冶炼成铁水,再将铁水和废钢加入电炉,并向电炉熔池内吹入氧气,加入石灰造渣脱碳、除磷。当温度不大于1560℃时,通过换渣和炉门流渣操作方法,脱除钢中的磷含量;当碳和磷达到目标要求后,采用EBT偏心炉底出钢,钢水量达到钢包的1/4时随钢流加入石灰、铬铁、金属锰、钼铁、铝铁合金辅料,得到钢水;
S2:LF精炼:将S1得到的钢水进行精炼,采用惰性气体炉盖保护,减少钢水二次氧化;钢包使用双底透气砖,精炼全过程氩气搅拌;采用合理的炉渣配比方案,实施脱硫,然后加入矾铁、铬铁、硅铁、金属锰、钼铁、镍铁、铌铁调整成分。
S3:VD真空处理:将S2得到的钢水进行真空处理,达到脱氢的目的;VD高真空过程保持一定时间,破空,通过底吹氮气增氮,氮气压力0.13Mpa~0.14Mpa,并保持一定流量,控制在80NL/min~100NL/min,当氮元素达到0.048~0.062%之间时,将钢水吊至连铸工位。
S4:将S3真空处理后得到的钢水在圆坯连铸机上进行连铸。开浇前,向带有氩气排空管道的中包盖通入氩气,并向中包盖的三个孔中***氩管,排除中间包中的空气。套上大包水口,打开下滑板,钢水从长水口流至中间包,当中间包钢液重量大于10吨时,向中包中加入覆盖剂。待液位达到标准液位25~30吨时,停止吹氩气。大包浇铸30吨时,在中包取样检测,结果见表1所示。
进一步:所述S1中,由于P92钢的碳含量在0.07%~0.13%,电炉出钢碳含量在0.03%~0.05%之间,出钢Al用量为0.15kg/t-钢。
进一步:所示S2中,LF精炼过程不向钢中喂入铝线,只在精炼前期扩散脱氧,后15min之内不得加入任何渣料。
进一步:所示S3中,VD之后不得喂入Al线,只能通过底吹氮的方式增氮,这样避免了喂线增氮时钢液沸腾引起氧含量上升。
进一步:所示S4中,连铸中包烘烤器抬起后,立即开通氩气排空气,中包盖布置有6个氩气排空管道的出口,总管路氩气压力控制0.20-0.40Mpa。
进一步:所示S4中,连铸中包烘烤器抬起后,向取样测温孔***氩管,接通氩气排空。
进一步:所示S4中,当中包重量达到25-30吨,并向中包渣面加入覆盖剂,覆盖剂重量约500kg,关闭氩气管路,撤下氩管,进入正常浇铸状态。
表1 P92开浇炉中包氧含量
炉号 | 取样方法 | 检测标准 | 氧含量/% |
21E104571 | GB/T 20066 | GB/T 4336 | 0.0023 |
21E104762 | GB/T 20066 | GB/T 4336 | 0.0025 |
21E105184 | GB/T 20066 | GB/T 4336 | 0.0024 |
21E105332 | GB/T 20066 | GB/T 4336 | 0.0028 |
21E105669 | GB/T 20066 | GB/T 4336 | 0.0023 |
实施例2
按照此方案,生产三组超临界用P91连铸圆坯,从电炉冶炼至连铸开浇,与实施1例完全相同,实施效果见表2所示。说明通过VD后底吹氮,并采用两种排空方式排除中包的氧气,提高了保护浇铸,获得了良好的效果。
表2 P91开浇炉中包氧含量
炉号 | 取样方法 | 检测标准 | 氧含量/% |
21E106211 | GB/T 20066 | GB/T 4336 | 0.0026 |
21E106354 | GB/T 20066 | GB/T 4336 | 0.0025 |
21E106770 | GB/T 20066 | GB/T 4336 | 0.0023 |
以上实施例仅用于说明本发明的设计思想和特点,其目的在于使本领域内的技术人员能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,本发明的保护范围不限于上述实施例。所以,凡依据本发明所揭示的原理、设计思路所作的等同变化或修饰,均在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种超(超)临界用钢的连铸圆坯开浇炉氧含量控制方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、EF钢水冶炼:
S2、LF精炼:
S3、VD真空处理:
将S2精炼得到的钢水进行真空处理,VD高真空过程保持一定时间,破空,通过底吹氮气增氮,氮气在一定压力下并保持一定流量,当氮元素达到目标含量后,将钢水吊至连铸工位;
S4、连铸:
将S3真空处理后得到的钢水在圆坯连铸机上进行连铸,中包盖上布置有若干氩气排空管道和孔,开浇前,向带有氩气排空管道的中包盖通入氩气,并向中包盖的孔中分别***氩管,排除中间包中的空气。
2.如权利要求1所述的超(超)临界用钢的连铸圆坯开浇炉氧含量控制方法,其特征在于,所述S3中,VD高真空度在67Pa以下保持时间不小于15min。
3.如权利要求1所述的超(超)临界用钢的连铸圆坯开浇炉氧含量控制方法,其特征在于,所述S3中,破空后定氢、开始采用底吹氮气增氮,每个透气砖氮气流量控制在80~90NL/m3,氮气压力为0.13~0.14Mpa,底吹氮气时间控制在30min以内。
4.如权利要求1所述的超(超)临界用钢的连铸圆坯开浇炉氧含量控制方法,其特征在于,所述S3中,所述氮元素的目标含量为0.048~0.062%。
5.如权利要求1所述的超(超)临界用钢的连铸圆坯开浇炉氧含量控制方法,其特征在于,所述S4中,中包盖上布置孔的数量为三个,孔中***氩管。
6.一种P91、P92钢,其特征在于,是通过权利要求1~6任一项所述的超(超)临界用钢的连铸圆坯开浇炉氧含量控制方法制备的,氧含量控制在0.0030%以下。
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