CN114452585A - Method for passivating metals in electrolytic manganese slag - Google Patents
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- CN114452585A CN114452585A CN202111645387.2A CN202111645387A CN114452585A CN 114452585 A CN114452585 A CN 114452585A CN 202111645387 A CN202111645387 A CN 202111645387A CN 114452585 A CN114452585 A CN 114452585A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
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- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/02—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by biological methods, i.e. processes using enzymes or microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of industrial waste residue treatment, and particularly discloses a method for passivating metals in electrolytic manganese residues. The method mainly comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing electrolytic manganese slag, bagasse, waste molasses and biological passivation auxiliary agent according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.2-0.6: 0.3-0.9: 0.1-0.5, then spraying water, controlling the water content to be kept between 35-55%, adjusting the pH value to be 7.5-8.0, keeping the external temperature to be 30-35 ℃, stacking and fermenting in a groove type aerobic composting manner, wherein the fermentation period is 7-15 days, the material is turned over for 1-2 days, and distilled water is supplemented during the period according to the water evaporation condition to keep the water content at 35-55%. The method has the advantages of low treatment cost, simple operation condition and low biotoxicity of the heavy metal in the waste residue after treatment, and can reach the corresponding national use standard.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal treatment in slag, in particular to a method for passivating Mn, Zn, As, Cd, Cr and Cu in electrolytic manganese slag.
Background
The electrolytic manganese slag is acid leaching waste slag discharged in the production process of electrolytic manganese metal, and the main components of the electrolytic manganese slag are silicon dioxide and calcium sulfate monohydrate, and a part of harmful metal elements and As elements also exist. 7-9 t of manganese slag is generated when 1t of metal manganese is produced, and the amount of slag discharged every year is continuously increased along with the gradual reduction of the taste of manganese ore. At present, electrolytic manganese slag is treated by adopting a damming open-air stockpiling method, so that precious land resources are occupied, and heavy metal elements in the slag enter peripheral water bodies and soil along with the effects of rainwater washing and weathering, thereby harming the environment. Therefore, if the compost is prepared by adopting a composting process, the behavior of heavy metals in the slag is a key factor influencing the utilization of the compost.
The heavy metal exists in various forms in the electrolytic manganese slag, different environmental effects are generated under different forms, and the biological effectiveness, toxicity and mobility of the heavy metal and the circulation of the heavy metal in nature are directly influenced. The method develops a new, efficient and economic treatment technology which can effectively reduce the effectiveness of the heavy metal and lead the form of the heavy metal to tend to be stable, and has great social, environmental protection, economic and other significance.
The existing method for treating heavy metals in electrolytic manganese slag mainly comprises the following steps: cement solidification treatment, lime alkali treatment, plastic material containing treatment, melting, calcining and solidifying treatment, self-cementation solidification treatment, medicament stabilizing treatment and the like. However, these methods have inherent disadvantages and limitations, such as that some inhibiting salts present in the slag may prevent the hydration process during cement solidification, which may cause the fracture of the solidified body and affect the fixing effect. In addition, when the solidified body is broken in the environment, the toxic substances in the waste can be re-introduced into the environment. In the process of stabilizing the medicament, the cost and the operating cost of the chemical medicament are high, so that the medicament is not beneficial to large-scale application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel method for passivating metals such As Mn, Zn, As, Cd, Cr, Cu and the like in electrolytic manganese slag aiming at the defects in the prior art, the method has low treatment cost and simple operation condition, and the treated waste residue has low heavy metal biotoxicity and can reach the corresponding national use standard.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for passivating metals in electrolytic manganese slag comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the electrolytic manganese slag, bagasse, molasses and biological passivation auxiliary agent, adding water, and stacking and fermenting in an aerobic composting manner.
According to the method for passivating the metals in the electrolytic manganese slag, the bagasse, the molasses and the biological passivation auxiliary agent are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.2-0.6: 0.3-0.9: 0.1-0.5.
The bagasse selected by the invention is of a fiber fluffy structure, provides a loose space for a fermentation system, is convenient for air circulation, and avoids excessive production of anaerobic bacteria. The waste molasses contains a plurality of carbon sources for byproducts of the sugar industry, and can provide nutrient sources for the propagation of microorganisms. The biological passivation auxiliary agent provides a microbial source and accelerates the passivation of heavy metals.
According to the method for passivating the metals in the electrolytic manganese slag, the raw materials are uniformly mixed, and water is added to control the water content to be 35-55%. Preferably 45%. During the period, distilled water is supplemented according to the water evaporation condition to keep the water content at 35-55 wt%.
According to the method for passivating the metal in the electrolytic manganese slag, the pH value of the raw material is adjusted to be 7.5-8.0, and preferably 7.8. And adjusting the pH value by adopting a 1-3% sodium hydroxide solution or a 1-3% sulfuric acid solution to provide a proper pH value environment for the propagation of microorganisms.
The method for passivating the metals in the electrolytic manganese slag keeps the external temperature at 30-35 ℃ during fermentation, and preferably adopts a tank type aerobic composting mode for stacking and fermentation.
The method for passivating the metals in the electrolytic manganese slag has a fermentation period of 7-15 days, and preferably 1-2 days, and the materials are turned over for 1 time.
The method for passivating the metal in the electrolytic manganese slag comprises the following steps: at least one of Mn, Zn, As, Cd, Cr and Cu.
The electrolytic manganese slag of the invention isRhodochrosite (major component: MnCO)3) Weakly acidic filter residue after sulfuric acid leaching treatment. The main components are as follows:
| SiO2 | Al2O3 | CaO | MgO | Fe2O3 | SO3 | MnO |
| 22～24％ | 3～6％ | 13～18％ | 1～3％ | 9～13％ | 22～27％ | 3～5％ |
the bagasse is residue left after sugarcane is juiced, and the bagasse mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10-20% of lignin, 10-20% of pentosan and 45-59% of cellulose, and naturally drying for later use.
The molasses comprises waste molasses which is a byproduct of sugar industry, wherein the total sugar content of the waste molasses is generally 45% -67%, and simultaneously, a large amount of organic and inorganic substances are contained.
The biological passivation auxiliary agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1-5% of urea, 30-50% of activated sludge, 40-50% of urban river and lake sludge and the balance of pineapple peel.
The activated sludge is obtained from a sewage treatment plant.
The urban river and lake sludge is obtained by 10-25cm from the surface layer of the bank side bottom sludge of the medium-high eutrophic lake and is stored for later use in the environment of 4 ℃.
The waste pineapple peels are obtained by spreading fruits at waste places and are stored for later use at the temperature of 4 ℃.
After the electrolytic manganese slag is treated by the method, Mn, Zn, As, Cd, Cr and Cu in the electrolytic manganese slag can be effectively passivated, so that the electrolytic manganese slag is converted into a residue state from an effective state (a water-soluble state and an exchange state). The residue state mass ratios of Mn, Zn, As, Cd, Cr and Cu in the treated material are respectively increased from 25-40%, 20-35%, 50-70%, 22-54%, 18-30% and 25-54% to 77-90%, 75-88%, 88-99%, 87-98%, 85-95% and 86-96%, so that the conversion of heavy metals to chemical forms with low biological toxicity is promoted.
Compared with the prior art, the passivation method for Mn, Zn, As, Cd, Cr and Cu in the electrolytic manganese slag has the following advantages:
1. after the treatment is finished, the corresponding recycling standard can be achieved.
After the electrolytic manganese slag is treated by the method, the pH value is about 7.15 after the electrolytic manganese slag is leached by distilled water, and the electrolytic manganese slag is neutral and has no harm to the environment, such as corrosion, and the like. Experimental results show that the contents of Mn, Zn, As, Cd, Cr and Cu in the electrolytic manganese slag are lower than the related requirement limit value of soil environmental quality standard (GB 15618-.
2. Effectively passivates Mn, Zn, As, Cd, Cr and Cu in the electrolytic manganese slag.
Experimental results show that after treatment, the passivation effect of the composting method on the toxic elements reaches over 85 wt%, and particularly the passivation effect on As elements reaches over 98 wt%.
3. And (5) recycling the solid waste.
The electrolytic manganese slag, the bagasse, the waste molasses and the biological passivation auxiliary agent are all industrial byproducts and domestic wastes, and the method effectively solves the problem of treatment of the materials and effectively realizes resource utilization of solid wastes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow chart of the method for reducing the effectiveness of Mn, Zn, As, Cd, Cr and Cu in the electrolytic manganese slag.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the concentration of microorganisms in example 1 of the present invention and comparative example 1. It can be seen from the figure that the microbial concentration in the system rapidly proliferated after the addition of the biological inactivation aid, and the cell Colony Forming Unit (CFU) contained in each milliliter of bacterial liquid is much higher than that of the comparative example without the aid.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preparation process and application process of the product of the present invention will be provided by the applicant in conjunction with specific examples to facilitate the clear understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art. It should be understood that the following examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the claims of the present application in any way.
In the embodiment of the invention, the electrolytic manganese slag is electrolytic manganese slag which is rhodochrosite (main component: MnCO)3) And naturally drying the weakly acidic filter residue subjected to sulfuric acid leaching treatment, and grinding and sieving for later use.
The main content of the electrolytic manganese slag is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Composition (I) | SiO2 | Al2O3 | CaO | MgO | Fe2O3 | SO3 | MnO |
| Content (wt%) | 22.12 | 3.10 | 13.17 | 1.75 | 9.14 | 22.50 | 4.82 |
| Composition (I) | Pb | Ni | Cr | Zn | Cu | Cd | As |
| Content (wt%) | 0.001 | 0.047 | 0.007 | 0.020 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.004 |
The leaching amounts of Mn, Zn, As, Cd, Cr and Cu are shown in Table 2.
The heavy metal leaching determination adopts a solid waste leaching toxicity leaching method sulfuric acid-nitric acid method, HJ-T299-containing 2007.
TABLE 2
The chemical forms of Mn, Zn, As, Cd, Cr and Cu in the electrolytic manganese slag are shown in Table 3.
And (3) determining the form of heavy metal in the material by adopting a Tessier five-step extraction method.
TABLE 3
The bagasse comprises the following main components in percentage by mass: 20% lignin, pentosan 20% and 59% cellulose.
The total sugar content of the waste molasses is as follows: 57 wt%, the main components and main properties thereof are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4
The activated sludge was obtained from a sewage treatment plant, and its composition is shown in table 5.
TABLE 5
The urban river and lake sludge is obtained by 10-25cm from the surface layer of the bank side bottom sludge of the medium-high eutrophic lake and is stored for later use in the environment of 4 ℃.
Unless otherwise specified, all the percentages are mass percentages.
Example 1
Proportioning materials by weight, and electrolyzing manganese slag: bagasse: waste molasses: uniformly stirring the biological passivation auxiliary agent (1: 0.2:0.3: 0.1), spraying water until the water content is kept at 45%, adjusting the pH value to 7.8, keeping the external temperature at 31 ℃, and stacking and fermenting in a groove type aerobic composting manner. Wherein the biological passivation auxiliary agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3% of urea, 33% of activated sludge, 46% of sludge in urban rivers and lakes and 18% of waste pineapple peels. During the period 2d, the materials are turned for 1 time, during the period, distilled water is supplemented according to the situation of water evaporation, so that the water content is kept at 45 percent, and the fermentation period is 11 d.
The leaching amounts of Mn, Zn, As, Cd, Cr and Cu after the treatment were determined As shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6
The chemical forms of Mn, Zn, As, Cd, Cr and Cu after the treatment are shown in Table 7.
TABLE 7
Example 2
Proportioning materials by weight, and electrolyzing manganese slag: bagasse: waste molasses: uniformly stirring the biological passivation auxiliary agent (1: 0.25:0.35: 0.2), spraying water until the water content is kept at 50%, adjusting the pH value to 7.7, keeping the external temperature at 33 ℃, and stacking and fermenting in a groove type aerobic composting manner. Wherein the biological passivation auxiliary agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4% of urea, 40% of activated sludge, 45% of sludge in urban rivers and lakes and 11% of waste pineapple peels. During the period 1d, the materials are turned for 1 time, during the period, distilled water is supplemented according to the moisture evaporation condition to keep the moisture content at 50 percent, and the fermentation period is 13 d.
The leaching amounts of Mn, Zn, As, Cd, Cr and Cu after the treatment are detected and shown in Table 8.
TABLE 8
The chemical forms of Mn, Zn, As, Cd, Cr and Cu after the treatment are shown in Table 9.
TABLE 9
Example 3
Proportioning materials by weight, and electrolyzing manganese slag: bagasse: waste molasses: uniformly stirring the biological passivation auxiliary agent (1: 0.6:0.9: 0.5), spraying water until the water content is kept at 55%, adjusting the pH value to 8.0, keeping the external temperature at 34 ℃, and stacking and fermenting in a groove type aerobic composting manner. Wherein the biological passivation auxiliary agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5% of urea, 45% of activated sludge, 42% of sludge in urban rivers and lakes and 8% of waste pineapple peel. During the period 2d, the materials are turned for 2 times, during the period, distilled water is supplemented according to the situation of water evaporation, so that the water content is kept at 55 percent, and the fermentation period is 14 d.
The leaching amounts of Mn, Zn, As, Cd, Cr and Cu after the treatment are detected and shown in Table 10.
Watch 10
The chemical forms of Mn, Zn, As, Cd, Cr and Cu after the treatment are shown in Table 11.
TABLE 11
Comparative example 1
Proportioning materials by weight, and electrolyzing manganese slag: bagasse: uniformly stirring the waste molasses at a ratio of 1:0.3:0.2:0.1, adding no biological passivation auxiliary agent, spraying water to keep the water content at 55%, adjusting the pH value to 8.0, keeping the external temperature at 34 ℃, and stacking and fermenting in a trough aerobic composting manner. During the period 2d, the materials are turned for 2 times, during the period, distilled water is supplemented according to the situation of water evaporation, so that the water content is kept at 55 percent, and the fermentation period is 14 d. And detecting the microbial concentration. Compared with the example 1, the method has the advantages that the passivation effect of the added heavy metal without the biological passivation auxiliary agent is poor, the leaching concentration of manganese does not reach the concentration limit value that the manganese ion concentration is lower than 5mg/L specified in the national Integrated wastewater discharge Standard (GB8978-1996), and the aim of harmlessness is not achieved.
The leaching amounts of Mn, Zn, As, Cd, Cr and Cu after the treatment were determined As shown in Table 12.
TABLE 12
The chemical forms of Mn, Zn, As, Cd, Cr and Cu after the treatment are shown in Table 13.
Watch 13
Claims (10)
1. A method for passivating metals in electrolytic manganese slag is characterized in that the electrolytic manganese slag, bagasse, molasses and biological passivation auxiliary agents are mixed uniformly, water is added, and stacking fermentation is carried out in an aerobic composting mode.
2. The method for passivating the metal in the electrolytic manganese slag according to claim 1, wherein the electrolytic manganese slag, the bagasse, the molasses and the biological passivation auxiliary agent are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.2-0.6: 0.3-0.9: 0.1-0.5.
3. The method for passivating metal in electrolytic manganese slag according to claim 1, wherein after the raw materials are mixed uniformly, water is added to control the water amount to be between 35 and 55 percent; preferably 45%.
4. A method for passivating metals in electrolytic manganese slag according to claim 1, characterized in that the feedstock is adjusted to a pH value between 7.5 and 8.0, preferably 7.8; further preferably, 1-3% sodium hydroxide solution or 1-3% sulfuric acid solution is used for adjusting the pH.
5. The method for passivating metals in electrolytic manganese slag according to claim 1, wherein the external temperature is maintained at 30-35 ℃ during fermentation, preferably by stacking fermentation in a tank aerobic composting manner.
6. The method for passivating metals in electrolytic manganese slag according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation period is 7-15 days, preferably 1-2 days, and the material is turned over 1 time.
7. The method of passivating metals in electrolytic manganese slag of claim 1,
the bagasse is residue left after sugarcane is juiced, and is naturally dried for later use;
the molasses comprises waste molasses, which is a by-product of the sugar industry.
8. The method of passivating metals in electrolytic manganese slag of claim 1,
the biological passivation auxiliary agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1-5% of urea, 30-50% of activated sludge, 40-50% of urban river and lake sludge and the balance of pineapple peel.
9. The method of passivating metals in electrolytic manganese slag of claim 1,
the activated sludge is obtained from a sewage treatment plant;
the urban river and lake sludge is obtained by 10-25cm of the surface layer of middle-high eutrophic lake bank bottom sludge.
10. The method of passivating a metal in electrolytic manganese slag of claim 1, wherein the metal comprises: at least one of Mn, Zn, As, Cd, Cr and Cu.
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