CN114448789A - Node control method, network system, device and storage medium - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application provides a node control method, a network system, a device and a storage medium, which relate to but are not limited to the technical field of communication, and the method comprises the following steps: the first master network node determines a plurality of first slave network nodes in a first network domain according to a first routing table, and generates first domain initialization information for initializing each first slave network node; the first master network node sends the first domain initialization information to adjacent first network nodes so as to initialize the first network nodes and enable the first network nodes to initialize uninitialized first slave network nodes in an adjacent diffusion mode; wherein the number of first slave network nodes comprises the first network node. Compared with the existing node control method, the device and the storage medium can improve the member node control efficiency in the first network domain.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiments of the present application relate to, but not limited to, the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a node management and control method, a network system, a device, and a storage medium.
Background
In the field of communications technologies, especially in the field of industrial ethernet, multiple devices (e.g., a mechanical arm and an industrial device) are often required to cooperate with each other to complete a process flow, and a device capable of completing multiple process flows is often disposed in a same factory building or a working space.
Disclosure of Invention
The following is a summary of the subject matter described in detail herein. This summary is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.
The embodiment of the application provides a node control method, a network system, a device and a storage medium, which can improve the efficiency of member node control in a first network domain.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a node management and control method, applied to a first master network node, including:
determining a plurality of first slave network nodes in a first network domain according to a first routing table, and generating first domain initialization information for initializing each first slave network node;
sending the first domain initialization information to an adjacent first network node to initialize the first network node and enable the first network node to initialize an uninitialized first slave network node in an adjacent diffusion mode; wherein the number of first slave network nodes comprises the first network node.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a node management and control method, applied to a first slave network node, including:
receiving first domain initialization information from a first master network node;
initializing according to the first domain initialization information;
and initializing the uninitialized first slave network nodes in a contiguous diffusion mode according to a preset second routing table.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a network system, including at least one first network domain, where one of the first network domains includes a first master network node and a plurality of first slave network nodes, where the first master network node is configured to execute the node management and control method according to any one of the first aspects; the first slave network node is for use in the node administration method of any one of the second aspects.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides an apparatus, including: a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor executing the computer program as the node management method according to any one of the first aspect and/or the node management method according to any one of the second aspect.
In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, where computer-executable instructions are stored, where the computer-executable instructions are configured to execute the node management method according to any one of the first aspect and/or the node management method according to any one of the second aspect.
According to the above embodiments of the present application, at least the following advantages are provided: after the initialization of the first master network node is completed, domain initialization information is sent to the adjacent first slave network nodes around, and initialization is carried out in a mode that the initialized first slave network nodes continue to carry out adjacent diffusion to the adjacent uninitialized second network nodes; at this moment, only need to carry out configuration intervention to first major network node by the managers, can realize the configuration initialization of every member node in the first network domain fast, the initialization efficiency is higher and simpler, for traditional need artificially carry out configuration intervention's mode to every member node, the embodiment of this application can promote member node management and control efficiency in the first network domain.
Additional features and advantages of the application will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the application. The objectives and other advantages of the application may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
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The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the claimed subject matter and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the subject matter and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the subject matter and not to limit the subject matter.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a node management and control method applied to a master node according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic network topology diagram of an application node management and control method according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating a slave node management process according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of adding a newly added node into a network domain in the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a management and control method applied to a slave node in a network domain according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
It should be noted that although functional blocks are partitioned in a schematic diagram of an apparatus and a logical order is shown in a flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in a different order than the partitioning of blocks in the apparatus or the order in the flowchart. The terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims, and the drawings described above, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order.
In the field of communications technologies, especially in the field of industrial ethernet, multiple devices (e.g., a mechanical arm and an industrial device) are often required to cooperate with each other to complete a process flow, and a device capable of completing multiple process flows is often disposed in a same factory building or a working space. Therefore, embodiments of the present application provide a node management and control method, system, device, and storage medium, which can improve the efficiency of member node management and control in the first network domain.
In a first aspect, referring to fig. 1, the present application provides a node management and control method applied to a first master network node, including:
step S100, determining a plurality of first slave network nodes in the first network domain according to the first routing table, and generating first domain initialization information for initializing each first slave network node.
It should be noted that the first master network node is configured to manage a plurality of first slave network domain nodes in the first network domain, and the first network domain is composed of one first network domain node and a plurality of first slave network nodes.
It should be noted that the first master network node and the first slave network node both have a routing function, and both store routing tables containing information of all member nodes in the first network domain, and the first routing table is a routing table stored by the first master network node. After the initialization of the first master network node is completed, first domain initialization information is generated, where the first domain initialization information includes information of the first master network node and parameters that need to be set for the initialization of each first slave network node, such as a node identification number assigned to the first slave network node, and further, each first slave network node can extract corresponding information from the first domain initialization information to initialize.
It should be noted that, for the first master network node, the initialization parameter configured by the user may be encapsulated in the domain initialization message, and each first slave network node is triggered by the first master network node to perform initialization.
Step S200, sending the first domain initialization information to an adjacent first network node to initialize the first network node and enable the first network node to initialize a first slave network node which is not initialized in an adjacent diffusion mode; wherein the number of first slave network nodes comprises a first network node.
It should be noted that the first routing table includes path information to each first slave network node, and the adjacent diffusion mode indicates that the initialized first slave network node sends the first domain initialization information to the adjacent uninitialized first slave network node, thereby implementing the stepwise initialization. At this time, each initialized member node in the first network domain only needs to pay attention to whether the adjacent member node completes initialization, so that the initialization efficiency can be improved.
It should be noted that the first network node is a first slave network node adjacent to the first master network node. I.e. there are no member nodes of the first network domain between the first master network node and the first network node.
Therefore, after the initialization of the first master network node is completed, the domain initialization message is sent to the adjacent first slave network nodes around, and the initialization is carried out in a way that the initialized first slave network nodes continue to carry out adjacent diffusion to the adjacent uninitialized second network nodes; at this moment, only need to carry out configuration intervention to first major network node by the managers, can realize the configuration initialization of every member node in the first network domain fast, the initialization efficiency is higher and simpler, for traditional need artificially carry out configuration intervention's mode to every member node, the embodiment of this application can promote member node management and control efficiency in the first network domain.
Illustratively, the network topology shown in fig. 2 includes device A, B, C, D, E, F, G, where device A, B, C, D, E is a node of a first network domain Q1, device F is a node of a second network domain, and device G is a node of a third network domain. For the first network domain Q1, device a is a first master network node, B, C, D, E is a first slave network node; where B, C, D are all adjacent to a, then B, C, D receives the first domain initialization information from a as the first network node. And then D receives the first domain initialization information from B, at the moment, A only needs to pay attention to B, C, D adjacent to the A, after the first domain initialization information is sent out, the initialization efficiency is higher by means of B for E initialization, compared with a mode of manually initializing A, B, C, D, E respectively, at the moment, the first main network node A can realize management and control on B, C, D, E more quickly, and further the management and control efficiency of member nodes in the first network domain is improved.
It should be noted that all the member nodes in the first network domain are used to cooperate with each other to implement a class of product process flows or processing flows.
It will be appreciated that, with reference to the embodiment shown in figure 3, the method further comprises:
step S310, receiving an offline request of a second network node of the plurality of first slave network nodes.
It should be noted that the offline request may be sent by the second network node, or may be sent by the first slave network node adjacent to the second network node.
It should be noted that the second network node may be any one of several first slave network nodes.
Step S320, determining the second network node that has not reported the online request in the first time period as an offline state.
Step S330, after the first time period, sending a routing table updating instruction to a third network node in the plurality of first slave network nodes.
It should be noted that, the instruction of updating the routing table may still enable part of paths to be connected between online member nodes in the first network domain, and in practical applications, some basic flow steps may be ensured to be completed in this way.
It is understood that, referring to the embodiment shown in fig. 3, step S320 is followed by: step S340, after the first time period, setting a node identification number of the second network node in a preset node management table to be in an idle state, where the node identification number is allocated by the first master network node.
It should be noted that, after the node identification number of the second network node is set to be in the idle state, the node identification number may be allocated to a newly added network node.
For example, referring to the embodiment shown in fig. 2, if the network node G requests to join the first network domain Q1 after the first slave network node E goes offline, the node identification number of the first slave network node E may be assigned to the network node G.
It is understood that, referring to fig. 3, step S340 is followed by: step S350, sending a domain removal request to the second network node.
It should be noted that, in some embodiments, although the second network node sends the offline request, the initialization information belonging to the first network domain is still on line after being on line, at this time, in order to avoid a conflict with a member node in the existing first network domain, after the first master network node receives the online request sent by the second network node, the first master network node sends a domain removal sending request to the second network node to perform restart reset, and thus can re-enter the first network domain. By the method, when the component/node is replaced, the intervention of manual configuration can be reduced, and the node management and control efficiency is improved.
It is to be understood that, referring to fig. 4, the method further comprises:
step S410, receiving a plurality of first domain entry requests of nodes to be added forwarded from a second network node in the network nodes.
Step S420, obtaining the idle first node identification number by querying from a preset node management table.
And step S430, sending second domain initialization information to the node to be added according to the validity of the first node identification number.
It should be noted that, when receiving the first domain initialization information, the node to be added initializes and feeds back the first domain initialization information to the first master network node, the first master network node updates the first routing table, and the first master network initiates routing table synchronization to other member nodes, thereby ensuring that the routing table entries of all the member nodes in the network domain are consistent.
It should be noted that, through steps S310 to S340 and steps S410 to S430, simplified troubleshooting on a failed node can be realized, and after a failed component recovers physical connection, automatic addition can be performed, so as to simplify replacement efficiency.
It should be noted that the first node identification number is valid if it is not assigned to any first slave network node. If the first slave network node is allocated, the validity of the first slave network node needs to be judged.
It will be appreciated that the second network node is the closest one of the first slave network nodes to the node to be added.
For example, for a node to be added, a first network domain and a second network domain exist adjacent to the node to be added, and at this time, the node to be added sends routing information to a network node a adjacent to the node to be added in the first network domain (the slave network node a may be a first master network node or a first slave network node of the first network domain), and sends routing information to a network node J adjacent to the node to be added in the second network domain. If the path fed back by the network node a to the first master network node in the first network domain is shortest (the forwarding times are the fewest), the network node a is the second network node, otherwise, the network node J is the second network node.
It is understood that step S430 includes: querying a plurality of first slave network nodes to obtain second network nodes matched with the first node identifiers; sending an online query request to a second network node, and setting a first node identifier corresponding to response data which does not receive the online query request to be valid; and obtaining second domain initialization information according to the effective first node mark number, and sending the second domain initialization information to the node to be added.
It will be appreciated that the method further comprises: the first routing table is periodically synchronized into the first slave network node.
It should be noted that, by periodically synchronizing the first routing table in real time, it can be ensured that the routing table of the first slave network node in the first network domain is consistent with the routing table of the first master network node.
It will be appreciated that the method further comprises: and arranging the routing table items of the first routing table according to a preset ordering rule.
In some embodiments, the first routing table includes node identifications. And the transmitted message adopts the node identification to replace the destination address and the source address, and the sequencing rule can be set to be sequenced according to the node identification at the moment; and then the next hop address can be quickly determined by a binary search method. In other embodiments, the sorting rule is to sort the destination addresses, and at this time, the destination addresses may be quickly determined by a binary search method, and the next hop address may be determined from the first routing table.
It should be noted that each routing table entry includes a destination address, a next hop address, a network port, and forwarding times; wherein, the destination address comprises a destination MAC and a destination node ID; the next hop address is the next node to which the message needs to be forwarded; the portal indicates through which portal the next hop address needs to be reached. The forwarding number represents at least how many times the destination address is reached, and represents the forwarding number of the shortest path required to reach the destination address.
It will be appreciated that the method further comprises: receiving a hot plug event; the hot plug event is generated according to the physical communication state of the second network domain and the first network domain; and sending the first domain information to the second network domain so that the second network domain carries out domain merging negotiation.
It should be noted that, in some embodiments, the second network domain is adjacent to the first main network node, and the first main network node reports the hot plug event by detecting whether there is a physical interface connected to the first main network node and the first main network node is connected to the second network domain; in other embodiments, the second network domain is physically connected to one of the first slave network nodes of the first network domain, and when the first slave network node detects that the physical interface connection state changes and the second network domain is connected, the second slave network node sends a hot plug event to the first master network node. Similarly, for the second network domain, the same method is used to obtain the hot plug event and send the second domain message of the second network domain to the first network domain.
It will be appreciated that the method further comprises: receiving second domain information sent by a master node of a second network domain; and comparing the first domain information and the second domain information of the first network domain according to preset negotiation conditions, and determining that the early warning event is sent by the first network domain or the second network domain.
It should be noted that, in some embodiments, the second domain information includes address information and identification information of a second master network node of the second network domain, and the first network domain identifies whether the second network domain is the network domain by the address information and the identification information of the second master network node. In some embodiments, negotiation may be performed according to the sizes of the IP addresses of the master nodes in the two network domains, and in other embodiments, negotiation may be performed according to the priorities of the services configured in the two network domains, and the service with the high priority sends an early warning event, so as to remind the user of the domain conflict and which network domain has the higher priority.
For example, referring to the embodiment shown in fig. 2, it is assumed that the device F, G is a second network domain, the device A, B, C, D, E is a first network domain Q1, the device a is a first master network node of the first network domain Q1, the device F is a second master network node of the second network domain, after receiving the second domain information from the device F, the device a finds that the priority of the service of the second network domain is low, and the first master network node sends the warning event, and similarly, after receiving the first domain information of the first master network node, the device F finds that the priority of the first network domain is higher, and does not perform processing. In some embodiments, the first master network node receives a reset instruction from the user to the device F to reset and restore the device F, in other embodiments, each master node sets automatic domain merging, and the negotiated first network domain resets the second network domain after a preset period of time, so that each member node in the second network domain is added to the first network domain Q1 as a node to be added.
It is understood that the first network domain is obtained by: in a preset second time period, the first main network node broadcasts a routing addressing request in a preset network topology to update the first routing table; after a preset second time period, stopping the routing addressing of the first main network node to obtain a first routing table; a first network domain is determined from the first routing table.
Illustratively, referring to the embodiment shown in fig. 2, upon initialization of the first network domain, A, B, C, D, E is activated, F, G is deactivated, or F, G and A, B, C, D, E are disconnected, and at this time, A, B, C, D, E is subjected to routing addressing in the second time period, and the routing table entries having the same routing table as the first routing table are obtained respectively. Similarly, in the same manner as for F, G, it should be noted that activation indicates power up or setting a flag or physical disconnection. It should be noted that, after the first network domain is formed, when F is connected to any one member node in the first network domain, when F initiates the routing broadcast, the member node in the first network domain does not respond to it.
It can be understood that, referring to fig. 5, the present application further provides a node management and control method, applied to a first slave network node, including:
step S500, first domain initialization information from the first master network node is received.
It should be noted that, for a first slave network node adjacent to a first master network node, S500 indicates directly receiving first domain initialization information transmitted from the first master network node. For a first slave network node spaced from the first master network node by several first slave network nodes, step S500 is from the forwarded first domain initialization information of the neighboring initialized first slave network node.
Exemplarily, referring to the embodiment shown in fig. 2, taking the first slave network node E as an example, step S500 represents accepting the first domain initialization information from the first master network node a forwarded by B. Taking the first slave network node B as an example, step S500 represents receiving the first domain initialization information from the first master network node a.
And step S600, initializing according to the first domain initialization information.
Step S700, initializing the uninitialized first slave network node in an adjacent diffusion manner according to a preset second routing table.
Therefore, after the initialization of the first master network node is completed, the domain initialization message is sent to the adjacent first slave network nodes around, and the initialization is carried out in a way that the initialized first slave network nodes continue to carry out adjacent diffusion to the adjacent uninitialized second network nodes; at this moment, only need to carry out configuration intervention to first major network node by the managers, can realize the configuration initialization of every member node in the first network domain fast, the initialization efficiency is higher and simpler, for traditional need artificially carry out configuration intervention's mode to every member node, the embodiment of this application can promote member node management and control efficiency in the first network domain.
The execution order of step S600 and step S700 is not mandatory.
Understandably, a priority parameter of the first slave network node is obtained; and sending a bandwidth configuration request to the first master network node according to the priority parameters, wherein the bandwidth configuration request is used for determining the bandwidth occupation proportion corresponding to each priority in the priority parameters.
It should be noted that the bandwidth occupation ratio indicates that each priority occupies several sub-periods. At this time, each first master network node is deployed uniformly. It should be noted that the priority parameter further includes a time length of the sub-period of the first slave network node, and at this time, when the first master network node is uniformly configured, the first master network node may perform statistical processing according to all the first slave network nodes in the first network domain, and may further be adapted to each first slave network node.
It can be understood that the present application also proposes a network system, comprising at least one first network domain, wherein one of the first network domains comprises a first master network node and a number of first slave network nodes, wherein the first master network node is configured to perform a node management method as applied to the first master network node; the first slave network node applies to a node management and control method of the first slave network node.
It will be appreciated that the present application also proposes an apparatus comprising: the first slave network node may be a master network node, a slave network node, and a processor.
The memory, which is a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, may be used to store non-transitory software programs as well as non-transitory computer executable programs. Further, the memory may include high speed random access memory, and may also include non-transitory memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid state storage device. In some embodiments, the memory optionally includes memory located remotely from the processor, and these remote memories may be connected to the processor through a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.
It should be noted that the electronic device in this embodiment may be applied to the node management and control method in the embodiment shown in fig. 1, and the device in this embodiment and the node management and control method shown in fig. 1 have the same inventive concept, so these embodiments have the same implementation principle and technical effect, and are not described in detail here.
The non-transitory software programs and instructions required to implement the information processing method of the above-described embodiments are stored in a memory, and when executed by a processor, perform the information processing method of the above-described embodiments, for example, perform the method steps corresponding to fig. 1 described above.
It may be appreciated that the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions for implementing a node policing method employing a first master network node and/or implementing a node policing method employing a second network node.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or some of the steps, systems, and methods disclosed above may be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, and suitable combinations thereof. Some or all of the physical components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a central processing unit, digital signal processor, or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application specific integrated circuit. Such software may be distributed on computer readable media, which may include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transitory media). The term computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data, as is well known to those skilled in the art. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, Digital Versatile Disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can accessed by a computer. In addition, communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media as known to those skilled in the art.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included in the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (17)
1. A node management and control method is applied to a first main network node, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining a plurality of first slave network nodes in a first network domain according to a first routing table, and generating first domain initialization information for initializing each first slave network node;
sending the first domain initialization information to an adjacent first network node to initialize the first network node and enable the first network node to initialize a first slave network node which is not initialized in an adjacent diffusion mode; wherein the number of first slave network nodes comprises the first network node.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving an offline request of a second network node of a plurality of the first slave network nodes;
determining the second network node which does not report the online request in a first time period as an offline state;
after the first time period, sending an update routing table instruction to a third network node of the number of first slave network nodes.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein after receiving the offline request, the method further comprises:
and after the first time period, setting the node identification number of the second network node in a preset node management table to be in an idle state, wherein the node identification number is distributed by the first main network node.
4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
sending a domain removal request to the second network node.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a plurality of domain access requests of nodes to be added, which are forwarded by a second network node in a plurality of first slave network nodes;
inquiring a preset node management table to obtain an idle first node identification number;
and sending second domain initialization information to the node to be added according to the validity of the first node identification number.
6. The method of claim 5,
the second network node is the first slave network node which is adjacent and closest to the node to be added.
7. The method of claim 5,
the sending of the second domain initialization information to the node to be added according to the validity of the first node identification number includes:
querying a plurality of first slave network nodes to obtain a second network node matched with the first node identification;
sending an online query request to the second network node, and setting a first node identifier corresponding to response data which does not receive the online query request to be valid;
and obtaining second domain initialization information according to the effective first node mark number, and sending the second domain initialization information to the node to be added.
8. The method of any of claims 1 to 7, further comprising:
periodically synchronizing the first routing table into the first slave network node.
9. The method of any of claims 1 to 7, further comprising:
and arranging the routing table items of the first routing table according to a preset ordering rule.
10. The method of any of claims 1 to 7, further comprising:
receiving a hot plug event; the hot plug event is generated according to the physical communication state of a second network domain and the first network domain;
and sending first domain information to the second network domain to enable the second network domain to carry out domain merging negotiation.
11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
receiving second domain information sent by a master node of the second network domain;
and comparing the first domain information of the first network domain with the second domain information according to preset negotiation conditions, and determining that the first network domain or the second network domain sends an early warning event.
12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
the first network domain is obtained by the following steps:
in a preset second time period, the first main network node broadcasts a routing request in a preset network topology to update a first routing table;
after a preset second time period, stopping the routing addressing of the first main network node to obtain a first routing table;
a first network domain is determined from the first routing table.
13. A node management and control method is applied to a first slave network node, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
receiving first domain initialization information from a first master network node;
initializing according to the first domain initialization information;
and initializing the uninitialized first slave network nodes in a contiguous diffusion mode according to a preset second routing table.
14. The method of claim 13,
acquiring a priority parameter of the first slave network node;
and sending a bandwidth configuration request to the first master network node according to the priority parameters, wherein the bandwidth configuration request is used for determining a bandwidth occupation proportion corresponding to each priority in the priority parameters.
15. A network system, comprising at least one first network domain, wherein one of the first network domains comprises a first master network node and a plurality of first slave network nodes, wherein the first master network node is configured to perform the node management method according to any one of claims 1 to 12; the first slave network node is configured to perform the node policing method of claim 13 or 14.
16. An apparatus, comprising: memory, processor and computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the node policing method according to any one of claims 1 to 12 and/or the node policing method according to claim 13 or 14 when executing the computer program.
17. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that computer-executable instructions are stored for implementing at least the node administration method according to any one of claims 1 to 12 and/or the node administration method according to claim 13 or 14.
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