CN114441593B - Hydrogen-doped natural gas pipeline leakage ignition combustion test device - Google Patents
Hydrogen-doped natural gas pipeline leakage ignition combustion test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114441593B CN114441593B CN202111667396.1A CN202111667396A CN114441593B CN 114441593 B CN114441593 B CN 114441593B CN 202111667396 A CN202111667396 A CN 202111667396A CN 114441593 B CN114441593 B CN 114441593B
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 208
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 160
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
- G01N25/22—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity on combustion or catalytic oxidation, e.g. of components of gas mixtures
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/12—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point by observing elastic covers or coatings, e.g. soapy water
- G01M3/14—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point by observing elastic covers or coatings, e.g. soapy water for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/12—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using combustion
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Abstract
The invention relates to a leakage ignition combustion test device for a hydrogen-doped natural gas pipeline, which comprises a gas supply system, a gas control system, a mixed gas tank, an emptying system, an ignition system, a test system and a PLC system, wherein the downstream of the gas supply system is divided into three branches, the three branches can be respectively used for simulating a plurality of different injection fire disaster real scenes including single or mixed fuel injection fires (namely single-path) and double-path injection fire sources, and further, the test pipe sections with different materials are arranged on the downstream middle-path natural gas/hydrogen mixed gas pipeline, so that the compatibility between the natural gas after being doped with hydrogen and the natural gas pipeline in active service and the leakage flow and the integrity research of the injection fire combustion characteristics and heat disasters are realized, and the defects in the prior art can be overcome. At present, the development of the test device is blank in China, and the significance of accelerating the popularization and application of the technology is great.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a leakage ignition combustion test device for a hydrogen-doped natural gas pipeline, and belongs to the technical field of hydrogen energy pipeline transportation safety.
Background
The hydrogen energy has become the new energy with the current most attractive and development prospect due to the advantages of cleanness, no pollution, high combustion heat value, wide sources and the like.
Because hydrogen has extremely low volume energy density and extremely inflammable and explosive, fire and explosion accidents are caused, hydrogen transportation is always a weak link in the development of the hydrogen energy industry, and the development of a safe and efficient hydrogen transportation technology has become a main bottleneck for limiting the large-scale application of hydrogen energy. In recent years, developed countries such as europe and america propose a scheme of mixing hydrogen into natural gas in a certain proportion and then using existing in-service natural gas pipelines for transportation, and the advantages thereof are mainly represented in the following two aspects: firstly, hydrogen is doped into natural gas, so that the combustion characteristics of the natural gas can be changed, and the pollutant emission can be obviously reduced; and secondly, the construction of a high-cost pure hydrogen pipeline is avoided, and the method is a low-cost and high-efficiency hydrogen transportation mode. In the present case, natural gas pipeline hydrogen loading is a new way of delivering hydrogen energy, which is attracting attention in various major countries and regions of the world, especially for china, which has the most huge natural gas pipeline transportation network system in the world. However, the hydrogen-doped natural gas is inevitably affected by pipeline corrosion, equipment aging, third party damage and the like in the process of pipe transportation, and is easy to leak to cause safety accidents such as fire explosion and the like, so that serious casualties and property loss are caused, and therefore, the research on the safety of the hydrogen-doped natural gas is urgently needed to be enhanced.
At present, research on injection fires, which are the main disaster types induced after leakage of hydrogen-doped natural gas pipelines, is quite deficient. A few foreign scholars such as Lowesmith and the like use an outdoor test field to perform preliminary test on injection fire caused by leakage of a large-scale hydrogen-doped natural gas pipeline, and obtain basic combustion data (such as flame length, heat radiation flux and the like) of the mixed fuel injection fire under a specific hydrogen-doped proportion. However, there are few domestic researches on this aspect, and the existing researches mainly focus on transportation separation of hydrogen-doped natural gas (such as chinese patent CN112628602 a) and combustion utilization performance thereof (such as application to natural gas engines and household burners, namely chinese patent CN101333961B and CN 214374561U). Chinese patent CN109682924a also discloses a device for testing the injection fire formed by leakage ignition of a high-pressure gas pipeline, but since the device can only be used for simulating single gas fuel injection fire, a natural gas hydrogen-doped mixed fuel injection fire experiment cannot be performed on the basis of the device. In addition, the problem of compatibility with pipeline materials after natural gas is loaded has not been paid enough attention, and related researches are more recently reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a leakage ignition combustion test device of a hydrogen-doped natural gas pipeline, which aims at solving the defects of time consumption, labor consumption, poor repeatability, poor accuracy and the like of a foreign large-scale leakage injection combustion test device of the hydrogen-doped natural gas pipeline, solving the problems that the existing domestic test device is insufficient in consideration of compatibility with pipeline materials and safety after natural gas is doped or only can study injection fire formed by single gas fuel, providing a leakage ignition combustion test device of the hydrogen-doped natural gas pipeline, and being used for researching the injection fire combustion characteristics and rules caused by the compatibility of the hydrogen-doped natural gas and the active natural gas pipeline materials under different working conditions (such as hydrogen-doped ratio, gas flow rate and pressure, leakage outlet size and shape and the like) and effectively evaluating the risk of such injection fire disasters.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: a hydrogen-loaded natural gas pipeline leakage ignition combustion test apparatus, comprising: the system comprises a gas supply system A, a gas control system B, a mixed gas tank C, a venting system D, an ignition system E and a PLC system G; the gas supply system A comprises a natural gas source 1 and a hydrogen gas source 2, wherein pressure reducing valves are arranged at the outlet ends of the gas sources, and natural gas and hydrogen are depressurized through the pressure reducing valves in the gas supply process and then are respectively connected with gas inlets of a 1# stainless steel pipe c and a 2# stainless steel pipe d through a 1# metal hose a and a 2# metal hose b, so that double-path gas supply is realized; the gas control system B is arranged on a No. 1 stainless steel pipe c and a No. 2 stainless steel pipe d and comprises a plurality of gas mass flow controllers with the same specification, and the gas control system B is used for monitoring and controlling the mass flow of gas and achieving the mixed gas mixing ratio working condition required by a test, and the gas outlets of the No. 1 stainless steel pipe c and the No. 2 stainless steel pipe d are connected to a No. 3 stainless steel pipe e through welding three-way; two ends of the 3# stainless steel pipe e are connected with air inlets of the 4# stainless steel pipe f and the 5# stainless steel pipe g through welding elbows, and the middle is connected with a parallel 6# stainless steel pipe h through a four-way joint, namely, the two-way air supply pipeline downstream is divided into three branches, so that different fire disaster spraying scenes can be simulated according to actual research requirements; between the 6# stainless steel pipe h and the upstream 1# stainless steel pipes C and 2# stainless steel pipes d, the gas entering the mixed gas tank C is controlled through a 1# electric ball valve 6 and a 2# electric ball valve 7 which are respectively arranged on the 3# stainless steel pipe e; the mixing gas tank C is arranged on a downstream branch 6# stainless steel pipe h and is used for uniformly mixing natural gas hydrogen-doped mixed gases with different proportions; the emptying system D is arranged at the upstream end of the 6# stainless steel pipe h and is connected and controlled through the 3# electric ball valve 5, and is used for emergency emptying under the fault condition and tail gas extraction after the experiment is completed; the three branches 4# stainless steel pipes f, 5# stainless steel pipes g and 6# stainless steel pipes h are respectively provided with a 4# electric ball valve 8, a 5# electric ball valve 9 and a 6# electric ball valve 10, and the downstream ends of the three branches are respectively connected with a 1# flame arrester 11, a 2# flame arrester 12 and a 3# flame arrester 13 for preventing combustion flame tempering; the outlet end of the flame arrester is connected with the ignition system E through a 3# metal hose j, a 4# metal hose k and a 5# metal hose l respectively; and signal output ports of a PLC controller 26 in the PLC system G are respectively connected with and used for controlling the No. 1 electric ball valve 6, the No. 2 electric ball valve 7, the No. 4 electric ball valve 8, the No. 5 electric ball valves 9 and the No. 6 electric ball valve 10, the vacuum baffle valve 14, the vacuum pump 15 and the pulse generator 18 through relays so as to realize automatic ignition and safe control.
The gas control system B comprises two gas mass flow controllers with the same specification, and the two gas mass flow controllers are respectively arranged on a No. 1 metal hose a and a No. 2 metal hose B so as to ensure the gas mixing precision.
And the downstream branch 6# stainless steel pipe h is spliced with a concentric test pipe section i, the test pipe section i is in threaded connection with the 6# stainless steel pipe h, and the threaded joints at the two ends of the test pipe section i are sealed by using a nonmetallic gasket. And selecting and testing the material of the test pipe section i according to the actual condition of the active natural gas pipeline so as to evaluate the influence on the performance of the natural gas pipeline material after the natural gas is doped with hydrogen.
The emptying system D comprises a vacuum hose m, a vacuum baffle valve 14, a vacuum pump 15 and an alarm function module 31; the inlet end of the vacuum pump 15 is connected with the outlet end of the manual ball valve 5 through a vacuum hose m; the vacuum baffle valve 14 is arranged on the vacuum hose m through a sealing assembly and is used for automatically sealing a vacuum system and filling the atmosphere into a pump cavity under the condition that the pump stops working or the power supply is suddenly interrupted so as to prevent the pollution caused by the countercurrent of pump oil; the alarm function module 31 is connected with the direct current switch power supply 32 for supplying power, and is used for realizing the switch through connecting with the normally closed contact control of the relay, further reminding an operator of paying attention under the condition of power failure and timely performing corresponding treatment.
The ignition system E comprises three or more burner bodies 16, each burner body 16 being provided with an ignition needle 17 and a pulse generator 18; the burner body 16 comprises a burner nozzle 19, a nozzle fixing base 20 and a rotary lifting bracket 21, wherein the burner nozzle 19 and the nozzle fixing base 20 are connected through a screwed joint welded at the inlet end of the nozzle, so that the nozzle can be conveniently detached and replaced; the nozzle fixing base 20 is arranged on the all-dimensional lifting rotary bracket 21, can be lifted to any height and can be adjusted to any angle; the ignition needle 17 is fixed at a corresponding position above the nozzle 19, and the electric inlet end of the ignition needle is connected to the anode and the cathode of the pulse generator 18 through a wire, so that continuous discharge can be realized.
The system further comprises a testing system F, wherein the testing system F comprises a thermocouple 22, a CCD digital camera 23, a thermal densitometer 24 and a thermal infrared imager 25, and the thermal infrared imager is arranged around the jet flame and is used for acquiring the temperature, the shape and the radiation thermal field distribution characteristics of the jet flame; in addition, when the influence on the performance of the pipeline material after the natural gas is doped is required to be analyzed, the pipeline material further comprises a scanning electron microscope, an energy spectrometer, a metallographic analyzer and a tensile force tester, and the scanning electron microscope, the energy spectrometer, the metallographic analyzer and the tensile force tester are used for acquiring the microstructure, the element distribution, the microstructure characteristics and the mechanical properties of the pipeline material.
The PLC system G further comprises a man-machine interaction module 27 and a remote control module 28, wherein the signal input and output end of the man-machine interaction module 27 is connected with the signal input and output end of the PLC controller 26, so that the processing and the manual intervention under the field emergency condition are facilitated; a delay module 30 is additionally arranged on the relay between the PLC 26 and the pulse generator 18, so that gas explosion at the burner nozzle 19 caused by mixing of combustible gas and residual air in the device during ignition is avoided, and the safety of the device is further ensured; the remote control module 28 establishes local area network connection with the PLC 26, and then communicates with the PLC 26 through the wireless remote controller 29 to transmit signals, so that remote control of all electric valves and ignition actions is finally realized, and the power supply can be rapidly cut off according to actual conditions, so that personal safety of operators is protected to the greatest extent.
The working method comprises the following steps:
(1) The preparation stage: before the test is started, installing a nozzle with a corresponding diameter or shape and a test pipe section according to the test requirement, adjusting the angle and the height of the nozzle, checking the connecting parts and the equipment, and detecting the leakage by using soapy water;
(2) Ventilation stage: the natural gas and the hydrogen flow out from a natural gas source 1 and a hydrogen source 2 respectively according to the requirements of the test, enter a mixed gas tank C after being regulated and controlled by a 1# gas mass flow controller 3 and a 2# gas mass flow controller 4 and a 1# electric ball valve 6 and a 2# electric ball valve 7 in a gas control system B, and are mixed according to the mixing ratio required by the test in the mixed gas tank C; then, opening the 6# electric ball valve 10 on the downstream branch 6# stainless steel pipe h to introduce the mixed gas into the burner nozzle 19;
(3) And (3) an ignition stage: the pulse generator 18 is operated to generate a high-frequency voltage which is continuously discharged through the ignition needle 17 to ignite the mixed gas at the nozzle by the discharge spark, thereby forming a jet flame.
(4) Measuring: in the flame stabilizing stage, a thermocouple 22, a CCD digital video camera 23, a heat flux density meter 24 and a thermal infrared imager 25 are arranged around the sprayed flame to respectively acquire the temperature, the form and the radiation thermal field distribution information of the flame;
(5) Ending: after all measurement works are completed, firstly zeroing flow set values of a 1# gas mass flow controller 3 and a 2# gas mass flow controller 4 in a gas control system B, closing a gas source, and cutting off gas inlet; and then the tail gas in the pipeline and the cache gas tank C is pumped out through the emptying system D.
And (3) if the hydrogen loading ratio is required to be adjusted to carry out a plurality of groups of tests, resetting the inlet flow of the natural gas and the inlet flow of the hydrogen through the gas mass flow controller respectively, and repeating the steps (2) - (5).
If the influence of the natural gas on the pipeline material after the natural gas is added with hydrogen is required to be evaluated, a long-time combustion test is carried out by setting a target hydrogen adding ratio or an air inlet flow, after the whole experiment is finished (i.e. step (5)), the test pipeline section i is sampled, and the tissue and mechanical property characterization comparison analysis of the pipeline material is carried out.
If other fire disaster scenes need to be simulated, for single fuel natural gas or hydrogen gas injection fires, sequentially opening a 1# gas mass flow controller 3 in a natural gas source 1 and a gas control system B and a 4# electric ball valve 8 on a downstream branch 4# stainless steel pipe f, or sequentially opening a 2# gas mass flow controller 4 of a hydrogen gas source and a 5# electric ball valve 9 on a downstream branch 5# stainless steel pipe g, and communicating the pipelines; and (3) for the double-path injection fire, the two pipelines are communicated at the same time, and then the steps (3) to (5) are repeated.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The leakage ignition combustion test device for the hydrogen-doped natural gas pipeline can accurately control the hydrogen-doped ratio according to requirements, ensure the mixing uniformity of natural gas and hydrogen, accurately simulate the leakage flow and the induced jet combustion conditions of the hydrogen-doped natural gas with different hydrogen-doped ratios on the basis, and simultaneously record and analyze correspondingly.
(2) By dividing the gas supply system into three branches at the downstream, the gas supply system can be used for simulating a plurality of different fire disaster real scenes including single or mixed fuel injection fires (namely single-path) and double-path injection fire sources, and has remarkable practicability.
(3) The test pipe sections with different materials are further arranged on the downstream middle-path natural gas/hydrogen mixed gas pipeline, so that the test pipe sections can be used for evaluating the compatibility between the natural gas and the active natural gas pipeline material after the natural gas is doped, enriching the performance data of related materials and providing a basis for the design, manufacture and operation of the natural gas pipeline in a hydrogen environment.
(4) The device main body is designed through integration and is controlled through the PLC, and the device has the characteristics of low cost, simplicity in operation, safety and reliability in operation, convenience in maintenance and multilayer protection and early warning in the later period.
(5) The device is favorable for preventing and reducing accidental injection fire hazard of the hydrogen-doped natural gas pipeline, and has important significance for exploring the safety key technology of the hydrogen-doped natural gas pipeline, promoting the large-scale application of the hydrogen-doped natural gas pipeline and promoting the development of the hydrogen energy industry.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an ignition system.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a PLC system.
Corresponding reference numerals for the various parts in the figures are provided in the following table.
| Numbering device | Name of the name | Numbering device | Name of the name |
| A | Air supply system | 16 | Burner body |
| B | Gas control system | 17 | Ignition needle |
| C | Mixed gas tank | 18 | Pulse generator |
| D | Venting system | 19 | Burner nozzle |
| E | Ignition system | 20 | Nozzle fixing base |
| F | Test system | 21 | Lifting rotary support |
| G | PLC system | 22 | Thermocouple |
| a、b、j、k、l | Metal hose | 23 | CCD digital video camera |
| i | Test tube section | 24 | Heat flux density meter |
| c、d、e、f、g、h | Stainless steel pipe | 25 | Thermal infrared imager |
| m | Vacuum hose | 26 | PLC controller |
| 1、2 | Natural gas and hydrogen gas source | 27 | Man-machine interaction module |
| 3、4 | Gas mass flow controller | 28 | Remote control module |
| 5 | Manual ball valve | 29 | Wireless remote controller |
| 6、7、8、9、10 | Electric ball valve | 30 | Delay module |
| 11、12、13 | Flame arrester | 31 | Alarm function module |
| 14 | Vacuum baffle valve | 32 | DC switch power supply |
| 15 | Vacuum pump |
Detailed Description
The leakage ignition combustion test device for the hydrogen-doped natural gas pipeline comprises a gas supply system A, a gas control system B, a mixed gas tank C, a venting system D, an ignition system E, a test system F and a PLC system G;
the gas supply system A comprises a natural gas source 1 and a hydrogen gas source 2, wherein pressure reducing valves are arranged at the outlet ends of the gas sources, and natural gas and hydrogen are depressurized through the pressure reducing valves in the gas supply process and then are connected with gas inlets of stainless steel pipes c and d through metal hoses a and b, so that double-path gas supply is realized; the gas control system B is arranged on the stainless steel pipes c and d and is used for monitoring and controlling the mass flow of gas and achieving the mixed gas mixing ratio working condition required by the test, and the gas outlets of the stainless steel pipes c and d are connected to the stainless steel pipe e through welding three-way; the two ends of the stainless steel pipe e are connected with air inlets of the stainless steel pipes f and g through welding elbows, the middle of the stainless steel pipe e is connected with a parallel stainless steel pipe h through a four-way joint, namely, the stainless steel pipe e is divided into three branches at the downstream of a two-way air supply pipeline, and the three branches are used for simulating different fire disaster spraying scenes according to actual research; between the stainless steel pipe h and the upstream stainless steel pipes C and d, the gas entering the mixed gas tank C is controlled through electric ball valves 6 and 7 arranged on the stainless steel pipe e respectively; the mixing gas tank C is arranged on the stainless steel pipe h of the downstream branch and is used for uniformly mixing natural gas hydrogen-doped mixed gas with different proportions; the emptying system D is arranged at the upstream end of the stainless steel pipe h and is connected and controlled through an electric ball valve 5, and is used for emergency emptying under fault conditions (such as overpressure and the like) and tail gas extraction after the experiment is completed; the three branch stainless steel pipes f, g and h are respectively provided with electric ball valves 8, 9 and 10, and the downstream ends of the three branch stainless steel pipes f, g and h are respectively connected with flame arresters 11, 12 and 13 for preventing the backfire of combustion flame; the outlet end of the flame arrester is connected with the ignition system E through metal hoses j, k and l respectively.
The gas control system B comprises at least two gas mass flow controllers 3 and 4 with the same specification so as to ensure the gas mixing precision.
And concentric test pipe sections i are spliced on the stainless steel pipes h of the downstream branches, the test pipe sections i are in threaded connection with the stainless steel pipes h, and the threaded joints at the two ends of the test pipe sections i are sealed by using nonmetal gaskets. And selecting and testing the material of the test pipe section i according to the actual condition of the active natural gas pipeline so as to evaluate the influence on the performance of the natural gas pipeline material after the natural gas is doped with hydrogen.
The emptying system D comprises a vacuum hose m, a vacuum baffle valve 14, a vacuum pump 15 and an alarm function module 31; the inlet end of the vacuum pump 15 is connected with the outlet end of the manual ball valve 5 through a vacuum hose m; the vacuum baffle valve 14 is arranged on the vacuum hose m through a sealing assembly and is used for automatically sealing a vacuum system and filling the atmosphere into a pump cavity under the condition that the pump stops working or the power supply is suddenly interrupted so as to prevent the pollution caused by the countercurrent of pump oil; the alarm function module 31 is connected with the direct current switch power supply 32 for supplying power, and is used for realizing the switch through connecting with the normally closed contact control of the relay, further reminding an operator of paying attention under the condition of power failure and timely performing corresponding treatment.
The ignition system E comprises at least three burner bodies 16, each burner body 16 being provided with an ignition needle 17 and a pulse generator 18; the burner body 16 comprises a burner nozzle 19, a nozzle fixing base 20 and a rotary lifting bracket 21, wherein the burner nozzle 19 and the nozzle fixing base 20 are connected through a screwed joint welded at the inlet end of the nozzle, so that the nozzle can be conveniently detached and replaced; the nozzle fixing base 20 is additionally arranged on a lifting rotary bracket 21, can be lifted to any height, can be adjusted to any angle, and has no dead angle in all directions; the ignition needle 17 is fixed at a corresponding position above the nozzle 19, and the electric inlet ends of the ignition needle are respectively connected to the anode and the cathode of the pulse generator 18 through wires, so that continuous discharge can be realized, the safety and the reliability are ensured, and the ignition success rate is greatly improved.
The testing system F comprises a thermocouple 22, a CCD digital camera 23, a thermal densitometer 24 and a thermal infrared imager 25, which are arranged around the jet flame and are used for acquiring the temperature, the shape and the radiation thermal field distribution characteristics of the jet flame; on the basis, other injection fire characteristic parameters (such as speed, heat release rate, component concentration and the like) obtained according to the requirement can be automatically added into relevant experimental measurement equipment according to microcosmic appearance and mechanical property parameters (such as yield strength, tensile strength, section elongation and the like) for representing the compatibility of the pipeline material and the hydrogen environment.
The PLC system G comprises a PLC controller 26, a man-machine interaction module 27 and a remote control module 28; the signal output port of the PLC 26 is connected with a plurality of relays which are respectively connected with and used for controlling the electric ball valves 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, the vacuum baffle valve 14, the vacuum pump 15 and the pulse generator 18 so as to realize automatic ignition and safety control; a delay module 30 is additionally arranged on the relay between the pulse generator 18 and the PLC 26, so that gas explosion at the burner nozzle 19 caused by mixing of combustible gas and residual air in the device during ignition is avoided, and the safety of the device is further ensured; the man-machine interaction module 27 is connected with the PLC 26, so that the handling and the manual intervention under the field emergency condition are facilitated; the remote control module 28 establishes local area network connection with the PLC 26, then communicates transmission signals with the PLC 26 through the wireless remote controller 29, finally realizes remote control of all electric valves and ignition actions, and can rapidly cut off power supply according to actual conditions, thereby protecting personal safety of operators to the greatest extent.
Example 1
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a leakage ignition combustion test device for a hydrogen-doped natural gas pipeline comprises: the system comprises a gas supply system A, a gas control system B, a mixed gas tank C, a venting system D, an ignition system E, a testing system F and a PLC system G.
The gas supply system A comprises a natural gas source 1 and a hydrogen gas source 2, a pressure reducing valve is arranged at the outlet end of the gas source, the material of the pressure reducing valve is 316 stainless steel, the highest gas outlet pressure is designed to be 0-1.6 MPa, and the using pressure is 0.3 MPa; in the gas supply process, natural gas and hydrogen are firstly depressurized to be less than or equal to 0.1MPa through a depressurization valve, and then are connected with the gas inlets of the stainless steel pipes c and d through the metal hoses a and b, so that double-path gas supply is realized.
The gas control system B comprises two high-precision gas mass flow controllers 3 and 4 with the same specification, the measuring range is designed to be 0-50 SLPM, the precision is + -0.8% measuring range and +0.2% reading, and the high-precision gas mass flow controllers are respectively arranged on the stainless steel pipes c and d and used for monitoring and controlling the mass flow of gas and achieving the mixed gas mixing ratio working condition required by a test.
The downstream of the two-way air supply pipeline is divided into three branches of stainless steel pipes f, g and h, each branch is respectively provided with an electric ball valve 8, 9 and 10, and the downstream end of each branch is respectively connected with a flame arrester 11, 12 and 13; the flame arrester is made of 316L stainless steel, is connected by a clamping sleeve type, has a pressure resistance of 41.4 MPa, and is connected with the ignition system E through metal hoses j, k and L at the outlet end.
The main function of forming three branches is to simulate a plurality of different fire disaster scenes including single or mixed fuel injection fires, namely single-path and double-path injection fire sources according to the actual research requirements.
The mixed gas tank C is arranged on a downstream branch stainless steel pipe h, is made of 316L stainless steel and has a design volume of 500 cm 3 The highest working pressure reaches 34.5 MPa, the gas entering the mixing gas tank C can be controlled through the electric ball valves 6 and 7 arranged on the stainless steel pipe e, and the main function of the mixing gas tank C is to uniformly mix natural gas and hydrogen mixed gases with different doping ratios.
And a concentric test pipe section i is spliced on the stainless steel pipe h of the downstream branch, the test pipe section i is in threaded connection with the stainless steel pipe h, and joints at two ends of the test pipe section i are sealed by using polytetrafluoroethylene gaskets. The material of the test pipe section i is selected and tested according to the actual condition of the active natural gas pipeline, and comprises high-grade pipeline steel (X52, X70 and X80) in the natural gas pipeline, low-grade pipeline steel (API SPEC 5L A, B, X42 and X46) in a distribution system and nonmetallic material polyethylene, so that the influence on the performance of the natural gas pipeline material after natural gas is loaded with hydrogen is evaluated.
The emptying system D comprises a vacuum hose m, a vacuum baffle valve 14, a vacuum pump 15 and an alarm function module 31, wherein the vacuum pump 15 is designed into a 2X type double-stage rotary vane vacuum pump, the inlet end of the vacuum pump is connected with the outlet end of a manual ball valve 5 arranged at the upstream end of a stainless steel pipe h through the vacuum hose m, the vacuum baffle valve 14 is arranged on the vacuum hose m through a KF25 sealing assembly, the alarm function module 31 is connected with a switching power supply 32 for outputting direct current voltage of 12V to supply power, and a switch is realized through the control of a normally closed contact of a connecting relay, and the working voltage of the vacuum pump is designed to be 12-24V.
The main function of the venting system D is to vent the exhaust gas after the experiment is completed in case of failure, such as over-pressure.
As shown in fig. 2, the ignition system E comprises three burner bodies 16, each burner body 16 being provided with an ignition needle 17 and a pulse generator 18; the burner body 16 comprises a burner nozzle 19, a nozzle fixing base 20 and a rotary lifting bracket 21, wherein the burner nozzle 19 and the nozzle fixing base 20 are connected through a screwed joint welded at the inlet end of the nozzle, so that the nozzles with different diameters or shapes can be conveniently detached and replaced; the nozzle fixing base 20 is additionally arranged on the lifting rotary bracket 21; the ignition needle 17 is fixed at a corresponding position above the nozzle 19, the electric inlet ends of the ignition needle are respectively connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the pulse generator 18 through wires, the output voltage of the pulse generator 18 is 15 kV, the arc frequency is 100 Hz, and the discharge time is not less than 10 min.
According to the requirement of the study, the diameters of the detachable and replaceable nozzles are sequentially designed to be 1.0 mm, 2.0 mm, 3.0mm and 4.0 mm; in addition, under the condition that the outlet areas of the nozzles are the same, the shapes of the nozzles can be designed into a circle, a rectangle, a triangle and an ellipse in sequence.
The test system F comprises a low-cost metal K-type thermocouple 22, an N-type thermocouple 22, a noble metal S-type thermocouple 22, a CCD digital video camera (model: SONY, FDR-AXP 55) 23, a heat flow densitometer (model: U.S. MEDTHERM,64 series) 24 and a thermal infrared imager (model: telops, FAST-IR) 25, which are used for acquiring the shape, temperature and radiation thermal field distribution characteristics of the jet flame and are arranged at proper positions around the jet flame; in addition, a scanning electron microscope (model: hitachi, SU8010, japan), a spectrometer (model: shimadzu, AXIS Supra), a metallographic analyzer (model: BETICAL, CR50 series), and a tensile tester (model: SKYAN, CMT series) were included for obtaining changes in the microstructure, element distribution, and microstructure of the pipe material after natural gas loading, and the mechanical properties thereof.
As shown in fig. 3, the PLC system G includes a PLC controller 26, a man-machine interaction module 27 and a remote control module 28, wherein a signal output port of the PLC controller 26 is connected with a plurality of relays, which are respectively connected with and control the electric ball valves 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, the vacuum baffle valve 14, the vacuum pump 15 and the pulse generator 18, so as to realize automatic ignition and safety control; a delay module 30 is additionally arranged on the relay between the pulse generator 18 and the PLC 26, the rated current of the delay module 30 is 5A, the action time is below 0.1 s, the timing range is designed to be 0-60 s, and the situation that gas explosion occurs at the burner nozzle 19 due to the mixing of combustible gas and residual air in the device during ignition is avoided, so that the safety of the device is further ensured; the man-machine interaction module 27 is connected with the PLC 26, so that the handling and the manual intervention under the field emergency condition are facilitated; the remote control module 28 establishes local area network connection with the PLC 26, the working frequency is 315 MHz, the remote control distance is designed to be 400-1500 m (open land), then the remote control module is communicated with the PLC 26 through the wireless remote controller 29 to transmit signals, finally, the remote control of all electric valves and ignition actions is realized, the power supply can be rapidly cut off according to actual conditions, and the personal safety of operators is protected to the greatest extent.
Considering the inflammability and explosiveness of hydrogen and the possible influence on pipeline corrosiveness, the electric valves used by the device are all designed to be explosion-proof, and the rest stainless steel pipelines except the test pipeline section i adopt 3/8' BA grade 316L internal polishing pipes.
The method for performing simulation test on leakage ignition combustion of the hydrogen-doped natural gas pipeline by adopting the test device comprises the following steps of:
(1) The preparation stage: before the test is started, installing the nozzle with corresponding diameter or shape and the test pipe section according to the test requirement, adjusting the angle and the height of the nozzle, checking the connecting parts and the equipment, and detecting the leakage by using the soapy water.
(2) Ventilation stage: the gas supply system A is used for respectively flowing out natural gas and hydrogen from the natural gas source 1 and the hydrogen source 2 according to the requirements of the test, and the natural gas and the hydrogen enter the mixing gas tank C after being regulated and controlled by the gas mass flow controllers 3 and 4 and the electric ball valves 6 and 7, and are mixed in the mixing gas tank C according to the mixing ratio required by the test; the electrically operated ball valve 10 on the downstream bypass stainless steel pipe h is then opened and the mixed gas is introduced into the burner nozzle 19.
(3) And (3) an ignition stage: the pulse generator 18 is then operated, and the high-frequency voltage generated by it is continuously discharged through the ignition needle 17, and the mixed gas at the discharge spark ignites to form a jet flame.
(4) Measuring: in the flame stabilization stage, temperature, morphology and radiant thermal field distribution information of the flame are acquired respectively by thermocouples 22, CCD digital cameras 23, thermal densitometers 24 and thermal infrared imagers 25 arranged at appropriate positions around the jet flame.
(5) Ending: after all measurement works are completed, firstly zeroing the flow set values of the gas mass flow controllers 3 and 4, then closing the gas source and cutting off the gas inlet; and then the tail gas in the pipeline and the cache gas tank C is pumped out through the emptying system D.
And (3) resetting the inlet flow of the natural gas and the inlet flow of the hydrogen through the gas mass flow controllers 3 and 4 respectively when a plurality of groups of tests are needed to be carried out by adjusting the hydrogen loading ratio, and then repeating the steps (2) - (5).
If the influence of the natural gas on the pipeline material after the natural gas is added with hydrogen is required to be evaluated, a long-time combustion test is carried out by setting a target hydrogen adding ratio or an air inlet flow, after the whole experiment is finished (i.e. step (5)), the test pipeline section i is sampled, and the tissue and mechanical property characterization comparison analysis of the pipeline material is carried out.
If other fire disaster spraying scenes are required to be simulated, for single fuel natural gas or hydrogen gas spraying fires, sequentially opening the natural gas source 1, the gas mass flow controller 3 and the electric ball valve 8 on the downstream branch stainless steel tube f, or sequentially opening the hydrogen gas source 2, the gas mass flow controller 4 and the electric ball valve 9 on the downstream branch stainless steel tube g, and communicating pipelines; and (3) for the double-path injection fire, the two pipelines are communicated at the same time, and then the steps (3) to (5) are repeated.
When the equipment is stopped for a long time, residual gas in the equipment and the pipeline is exhausted, all valves are closed, and a power supply is disconnected.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is merely illustrative of the invention and is not intended to be limiting in any way. It should be noted that modifications made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden on the subject matter of the specification shall fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a hydrogen natural gas line leakage ignition combustion test device which characterized by includes: a gas supply system (A), a gas control system (B), a mixed gas tank (C), an emptying system (D), an ignition system (E) and a PLC system (G); the gas supply system (A) comprises a natural gas source (1) and a hydrogen gas source (2), wherein pressure reducing valves are arranged at the outlet ends of the gas sources, and natural gas and hydrogen are depressurized through the pressure reducing valves in the gas supply process and then are respectively connected with gas inlets of a 1# stainless steel pipe (c) and a 2# stainless steel pipe (d) through a 1# metal hose (a) and a 2# metal hose (b), so that two-way gas supply is realized; the gas control system (B) is arranged on a No. 1 stainless steel pipe (c) and a No. 2 stainless steel pipe (d) and comprises a plurality of gas mass flow controllers with the same specification, wherein the gas mass flow controllers are used for monitoring and controlling the mass flow of gas and achieving the mixed gas mixing ratio working condition required by a test, and the gas outlets of the No. 1 stainless steel pipe (c) and the No. 2 stainless steel pipe (d) are connected to a No. 3 stainless steel pipe (e) through welding in a three-way manner; two ends of the 3# stainless steel pipe (e) are connected with air inlets of the 4# stainless steel pipe (f) and the 5# stainless steel pipe (g) through welding elbows, and the middle is connected with a parallel 6# stainless steel pipe (h) through a four-way joint, namely, the two-way air supply pipeline is divided into three branches at the downstream, so that different fire disaster spraying scenes can be simulated according to actual research requirements; the gas entering the mixing gas tank (C) is controlled by a No. 1 electric ball valve (6) and a No. 2 electric ball valve (7) which are arranged on a No. 3 stainless steel pipe (e) between a No. 6 stainless steel pipe (h) and an upstream No. 1 stainless steel pipe (C) and a No. 2 stainless steel pipe (d); the mixing gas tank (C) is arranged on a downstream branch 6# stainless steel pipe (h) and is used for uniformly mixing natural gas hydrogen-doped mixed gases with different proportions; the emptying system (D) is arranged at the upstream end of the 6# stainless steel pipe (h) and is connected and controlled through a 3# electric ball valve (5) for emergency emptying under the fault condition and tail gas extraction after the experiment is completed; the three branch 4# stainless steel pipes (f), the 5# stainless steel pipes (g) and the 6# stainless steel pipes (h) are respectively provided with a 4# electric ball valve (8), a 5# electric ball valve (9) and a 6# electric ball valve (10), and the downstream tail ends of the three branch 4# stainless steel pipes are respectively connected with a 1# flame arrester (11), a 2# flame arrester (12) and a 3# flame arrester (13) for preventing combustion flame tempering; the outlet end of the flame arrester is connected with an ignition system (E) through a 3# metal hose (j), a 4# metal hose (k) and a 5# metal hose (l) respectively; a signal output port of a PLC controller (26) in the PLC system (G) is connected with and used for controlling a No. 1 electric ball valve (6), a No. 2 electric ball valve (7), a No. 4 electric ball valve (8), a No. 5 electric ball valve (9) and a No. 6 electric ball valve (10), a vacuum baffle valve (14), a vacuum pump (15) and a pulse generator (18) through relays respectively so as to realize automatic ignition and safe control.
2. The device for testing leakage ignition combustion of hydrogen-doped natural gas pipeline according to claim 1, wherein the gas control system (B) comprises two gas mass flow controllers with the same specification, and the two gas mass flow controllers are respectively arranged on a No. 1 metal hose (a) and a No. 2 metal hose (B) so as to ensure gas mixing precision.
3. The leakage ignition combustion test device for the hydrogen-doped natural gas pipeline according to claim 1, wherein a concentric test pipe section (i) is spliced on the downstream branch 6# stainless steel pipe (h), the test pipe section (i) is in threaded connection with the 6# stainless steel pipe (h), and the threaded joints at the two ends of the test pipe section (i) are sealed by using non-metal gaskets; the material of the test pipe section (i) is selected and tested according to the actual condition of the active natural gas pipeline so as to evaluate the influence on the performance of the natural gas pipeline material after natural gas is doped.
4. The hydrogen-doped natural gas pipeline leakage ignition combustion test device according to claim 1, wherein the venting system (D) comprises a vacuum hose (m), a vacuum baffle valve (14), a vacuum pump (15) and an alarm function module (31); the inlet end of the vacuum pump (15) is connected with the outlet end of the manual ball valve (5) through a vacuum hose (m); the vacuum baffle valve (14) is arranged on the vacuum hose (m) through the sealing component and is used for automatically sealing the vacuum system and filling the atmosphere into the pump cavity to prevent the pollution caused by the countercurrent of pump oil under the condition that the pump stops working or the power supply is suddenly interrupted; the alarm function module (31) is connected with the direct current switch power supply (32) to supply power, and realizes the switch through connecting the normally closed contact control of the relay, and is used for further reminding an operator of paying attention under the condition of power failure and timely performing corresponding processing.
5. A hydrogen-loaded natural gas pipeline leakage ignition combustion test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the ignition system (E) comprises three or more burner bodies (16), each burner body (16) being provided with an ignition needle (17) and a pulse generator (18); the burner body (16) comprises a burner nozzle (19), a nozzle fixing base (20) and a lifting rotating bracket (21), wherein the burner nozzle (19) and the nozzle fixing base (20) are connected through a screwed joint welded at the inlet end of the nozzle, so that the nozzle is convenient to detach and replace; the nozzle fixing base (20) is arranged on the all-dimensional lifting rotary support (21) and can be lifted to any height or can be adjusted to any angle; the ignition needle (17) is fixed at a corresponding position above the nozzle (19), and the electric inlet end of the ignition needle is connected to the anode and the cathode of the pulse generator (18) through a wire, so that continuous discharge can be realized.
6. The hydrogen-doped natural gas pipeline leakage ignition combustion test device according to claim 1, further comprising a test system (F), wherein the test system (F) comprises a thermocouple (22), a CCD digital video camera (23), a heat flux densitometer (24) and a thermal infrared imager (25), and is arranged around the jet flame for acquiring the jet flame temperature, the shape and the radiant heat field distribution characteristics; in addition, when the influence on the performance of the pipeline material after the natural gas is doped is required to be analyzed, the pipeline material further comprises a scanning electron microscope, an energy spectrometer, a metallographic analyzer and a tensile force tester, and the scanning electron microscope, the energy spectrometer, the metallographic analyzer and the tensile force tester are used for acquiring the microstructure, the element distribution, the microstructure characteristics and the mechanical properties of the pipeline material.
7. The leakage ignition combustion test device of the hydrogen-doped natural gas pipeline according to claim 1, wherein the PLC system (G) further comprises a man-machine interaction module (27) and a remote control module (28), and the signal input and output end of the man-machine interaction module (27) is connected with the signal input and output end of the PLC controller (26) so as to facilitate the processing and manual intervention under site emergency conditions; a delay module (30) is further arranged on the relay between the PLC (26) and the pulse generator (18), so that gas explosion at the burner nozzle (19) caused by mixing of combustible gas and residual air in the device during ignition is avoided; the remote control module (28) establishes local area network connection with the PLC (26), and then is communicated with the PLC (26) through the wireless remote controller (29) to transmit signals, so that the remote control of all electric valves and ignition actions is finally realized.
8. The method of operating a hydrogen-loaded natural gas pipeline leakage ignition combustion test apparatus according to claim 5, comprising the steps of:
(1) The preparation stage: before the test is started, installing a nozzle with a corresponding diameter or shape and a test pipe section according to the test requirement, adjusting the angle and the height of the nozzle, checking the connecting parts and the equipment, and detecting the leakage by using soapy water;
(2) Ventilation stage: the natural gas and the hydrogen flow out from a natural gas source (1) and a hydrogen source (2) respectively according to the requirements of the test, and enter a mixed gas tank (C) after being regulated and controlled by a 1# gas mass flow controller (3) and a 2# gas mass flow controller (4) and a 1# electric ball valve (6) and a 2# electric ball valve (7) in a gas control system (B), and the natural gas and the hydrogen are mixed in the mixed gas tank (C) according to the doping ratio required by the test; then opening a 6# electric ball valve (10) on the downstream branch 6# stainless steel pipe (h) to guide the mixed gas to a burner nozzle (19);
(3) And (3) an ignition stage: the pulse generator (18) works, the high-frequency voltage produced is continuously discharged through the ignition needle (17), and the mixed gas at the discharge spark ignites the nozzle to form injection flame;
(4) Measuring: in the flame stabilization stage, thermocouples (22), CCD digital cameras (23), a thermal densitometer (24) and a thermal infrared imager (25) are arranged around the sprayed flame to respectively acquire the temperature, the form and the radiation thermal field distribution information of the flame;
(5) Ending: after all measurement works are completed, firstly zeroing flow set values of a 1# gas mass flow controller (3) and a 2# gas mass flow controller (4) in a gas control system (B), closing a gas source, and cutting off gas inlet; and then the tail gas in the pipeline and the buffer gas tank (C) is pumped out through the emptying system (D).
9. The working method of the leakage ignition combustion test device for the hydrogen-doped natural gas pipeline according to claim 8, wherein if a plurality of groups of tests are required to be carried out by adjusting the hydrogen-doped proportion, the gas inlet flow rate of the natural gas and the hydrogen gas are reset through a gas mass flow rate controller respectively, and then the steps (2) - (5) are repeated;
if the influence of the natural gas on the pipeline material after the natural gas is added with hydrogen is required to be evaluated, a long-time combustion test is carried out by setting a target hydrogen adding ratio or an air inlet flow, and after the whole experiment is finished, namely after the step (5) is finished, the test pipeline section (i) is sampled, and the tissue and mechanical property characterization comparison analysis of the pipeline material is carried out.
10. The working method of the hydrogen-doped natural gas pipeline leakage ignition combustion test device according to claim 8, if other injection fire hazard scenes are required to be simulated, sequentially opening a 1# gas mass flow controller (3) and a 4# electric ball valve (8) on a downstream branch 4# stainless steel pipe (f) in a natural gas source (1) and a gas control system (B) or sequentially opening a hydrogen gas source (2), a 2# gas mass flow controller (4) and a 5# electric ball valve (9) on a downstream branch 5# stainless steel pipe (g) for single fuel natural gas or hydrogen injection fire, and communicating pipelines; and (3) for the double-path injection fire, the two pipelines are communicated at the same time, and then the steps (3) to (5) are repeated.
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