CN114440449B - Air energy water heater with frosting prediction and defrosting functions and use method - Google Patents
Air energy water heater with frosting prediction and defrosting functions and use method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114440449B CN114440449B CN202210193700.1A CN202210193700A CN114440449B CN 114440449 B CN114440449 B CN 114440449B CN 202210193700 A CN202210193700 A CN 202210193700A CN 114440449 B CN114440449 B CN 114440449B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 328
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
- F24H4/02—Water heaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
- F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/12—Hot water central heating systems using heat pumps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
- Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an air energy water heater with frosting prediction and defrosting functions and a use method thereof. The invention can accurately and reliably predict whether the copper pipe has frosting and the frosting degree, and provides a basis for the optimization control of the subsequent defrosting. The invention organically combines vibration defrosting, thermal expansion defrosting and hot defrosting, can effectively improve the defrosting effect, quickens the defrosting process and improves the overall performance of the air energy water heater.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water heaters, in particular to an air energy water heater with frosting prediction and defrosting functions and a use method thereof.
Background
The air energy water heater is widely applied to hot water supply of families, enterprises and public institutions and residential buildings and indoor heating in winter due to the advantages of high efficiency, energy conservation and environmental protection. However, during winter use, the copper tubes of the evaporator heat exchanger may frost due to the lower outdoor temperature. Frosting is a serious problem faced by air-powered water heaters, which not only affects the efficiency and user comfort of the air-powered water heater, but also causes a great reduction in life and reliability when the air-powered water heater is operated in a frosted state for a long time. Whether the air energy water heater frosts and frosting degree are judged rapidly and accurately, and effective defrosting is a problem to be solved by the air energy water heater.
In addition, in order to meet the demands of users for water temperature and pressure stability indexes and hot water for instant use, the air energy water heater must have three working modes, namely: a circulation heating mode, a backwater heating mode and a constant pressure water supply mode. The circulation heating mode maintains control of the water temperature of the water tank by circulating heating of water in the water tank when the user does not use water. When the temperature of a backwater end temperature sensor is lower than a set temperature threshold value, the backwater heating mode controls the backwater end electromagnetic valve and the water pump to operate, discharges low-temperature water in the backwater pipe to heat, and injects the high-temperature water in the water tank into a pipe network to realize the demand of instant-on and instant-use hot water. When the constant pressure water supply mode detects water consumption of a user, comprehensive control of water temperature, water level and water pressure of the water tank is needed, stability of the water temperature and the pressure and control of the water level of the water tank are guaranteed. How to efficiently, simply and reliably realize the circulating heating mode, the backwater heating mode and the constant pressure water supply mode of the air energy water heater and the corresponding performance indexes thereof is another problem which needs to be solved by the air energy water heater.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an air energy water heater with frosting prediction and defrosting functions and a use method thereof. The air energy water heater has the advantages of simple structure, more convenient control and comprehensive functions, can be used for predicting frosting and defrosting after frosting, and prolongs the service life of the air energy water heater.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an air energy water heater with frosting prediction and defrosting functions comprises a refrigerant loop, a water control loop and a variable frequency controller; the refrigerant loop comprises an evaporator, a first four-way valve, a gas-liquid separator, a compressor, a heat exchanger, a liquid storage tank, an expansion valve and a filter; the evaporator is connected with the 1 end of the first four-way valve, the 2 end of the first four-way valve is connected with the gas-liquid separator, the gas-liquid separator is connected with the compressor, and the compressor is connected with the 3 end of the first four-way valve; the 4 end of the first four-way valve is connected with the heat exchanger; the heat exchanger is connected with the liquid storage tank, the liquid outlet tank is connected with the filter through the expansion valve, and the filter is connected with the evaporator; the water control loop comprises a water tank, a water pump, a three-way valve, a one-way stop valve, an air pressure tank, a pressure gauge, a backwater temperature sensor, a second four-way valve and an opening regulating valve; the water tank is connected with the heat exchanger, the water outlet of the water tank is connected with the water pump, the water pump is connected with the one-way stop valve through the three-way valve, the one-way stop valve is connected with the water outlet pipeline, and the water outlet pipeline is connected with the water return pipeline; the end 1 of the second four-way valve is connected with the heat exchanger, the end 2 of the second four-way valve is connected with the three-way valve, the end 3 of the second four-way valve is connected with the return water pipeline motor, and the end 4 of the second four-way valve is connected with the water inlet pipeline; the air pressure tank and the pressure gauge are connected to the water outlet pipeline; the backwater temperature sensor is arranged on the backwater pipeline; the opening regulator is connected to the water inlet pipeline; the variable frequency controller is electrically connected with the first four-way valve, the compressor, the water tank, the water pump, the pressure gauge, the second four-way valve, the backwater temperature sensor and the opening regulating valve respectively; the variable frequency controller is also connected with an ambient temperature sensor and a relative humidity sensor.
The air energy water heater with the frosting prediction and defrosting functions comprises a disc-shaped copper pipe, and a thermal expansion unit is clung to or wound on the disc-shaped copper pipe.
In the air energy water heater with frost predicting and defrosting functions, the plurality of electric vibrators are arranged around the disc-shaped copper pipe.
In the air energy water heater with frosting prediction and defrosting functions, the stationary part of the electric vibrator is fixed on the end face of the outdoor unit, and the movable part and the disc-shaped copper pipe are spaced.
According to the application method of the air energy water heater with the frosting prediction and defrosting functions, the variable frequency controller is used for controlling the operation of the refrigerant loop and the water control loop by collecting the ambient temperature, the ambient relative humidity, the pipe network water pressure and the backwater tail end temperature and collecting the compressor outlet gas pressure data, so that the heating work and the defrosting work of the air energy water heater are realized.
In the method for using the air energy water heater with frosting prediction and defrosting functions, during heating operation, the refrigerant in the refrigerant loop absorbs heat energy in air in the copper pipe of the evaporator to gasify, the heat energy is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas through the first four-way valve, the gas-liquid separator and the compressor, and the heat energy is released to water flowing through the heat exchanger to heat the water; after releasing heat energy, the refrigerant returns to the evaporator again to perform the next heat exchange after passing through the liquid storage tank, the expansion valve and the filter;
in a heating working mode, the water control loop realizes three working states including a cyclic heating working state, a backwater heating working state and constant-temperature and constant-pressure water supply; in the cyclic heating working state, when the variable frequency controller does not detect the conditions that the water consumption of a user and the temperature of the tail end water return in the water return pipeline is too low, the 1 end and the 2 end of the second four-way valve are communicated, water flows out from the water tank, and returns to the water tank after sequentially passing through the water pump, the three-way valve, the second four-way valve and the heat exchanger; after the variable frequency controller samples the water temperature of the water tank and executes a water temperature control algorithm, the operation parameters of the compressor and the operation parameters of the water pump are coordinated, so that the water heater efficiency is optimal while the water temperature of the water tank is constant; in a backwater heating working state, when the variable frequency controller detects that the end backwater temperature is lower than the set backwater end temperature lower limit threshold, communicating the 1 end and the 3 end of the second four-way valve, and enabling water to flow out of the water tank, and returning to the water tank again after sequentially passing through the water pump, the three-way valve, the one-way stop valve, the water outlet pipeline, the backwater pipeline, the second four-way valve and the heat exchanger; the variable frequency controller rapidly heats low-temperature water in the pipeline by controlling the rotating speed of the water pump and the power of the compressor, and injects the high-temperature water in the water tank into the pipeline until the temperature of the backwater end reaches the set upper limit threshold of the backwater end temperature; in a constant temperature and constant pressure water supply state, when the variable frequency controller detects water used by a user through the pressure gauge, the 1 end and the 4 end of the second four-way valve are communicated, hot water flows out of the water tank, and sequentially passes through the water pump, the three-way valve, the one-way stop valve and the water outlet pipeline to reach the user end, so that hot water meeting requirements is provided for the user, the running speed of the water pump is determined by the water supply constant pressure control algorithm, and the running frequency of the water pump is determined, so that the water pressure of the user is stable; the reduced hot water in the water tank is supplemented by controlling the opening of the opening regulating valve; meanwhile, the variable frequency controller runs a water temperature control algorithm, adjusts the power of the compressor in real time, heats low-temperature water injected by the opening adjusting valve, and ensures the temperature of the water tank.
The defrosting operation comprises the steps that a variable frequency controller drives a thermal expansion unit and a vibrator to realize expansion stress and resonance stress defrosting, the frost attached to a copper pipe is crushed into small frost, and most of the crushed frost is vibrated by vibration; meanwhile, the variable frequency controller switches the mode of the first four-way valve, the refrigerant absorbs the heat energy of water in the heat exchanger to gasify, the heat energy is released to frost attached to the copper pipe in the evaporator after being compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas through the first four-way valve, the gas-liquid separator and the compressor, the melting speed of crushing the frost is increased, and the defrosting process of the air energy water heater is improved; after releasing heat energy, the refrigerant returns to the heat exchanger again to perform the next heat exchange after passing through the filter, the expansion valve and the liquid storage tank; under the defrosting working condition, the variable frequency controller communicates the 1 end and the 2 end of the second four-way valve, high-temperature hot water in the water tank flows out of the water tank, sequentially passes through the water pump, the three-way valve and the second four-way valve, heat in the high-temperature hot water after reaching the heat exchanger is absorbed by a refrigerant at the other side of the heat exchanger, and water after releasing the heat flows out of the heat exchanger and returns to the water tank again; meanwhile, the variable frequency controller realizes the control of the hot defrosting speed by adjusting the running speed of the water pump.
The application method of the air energy water heater with the frosting prediction and defrosting functions is characterized in that a frosting prediction algorithm is arranged in the variable frequency controller, and the frosting prediction is performed through the frosting prediction algorithm, and the method comprises the following steps of:
(1) Acquiring the current day ambient temperature T amb Relative humidity of environment H amb Judging whether the air energy water heater is currently in a frosting operation boundary range or not; if yes, go to step (2); otherwise, exiting;
(2) Executing the frosting prediction algorithm at intervals of delta T from the moment, and defining each time the prediction algorithm is executedAll the parameters are required to be sampled with n data, and the sampling period is T s ；
(3) Power P to compressor comp And refrigerant high pressure gas pressure P press Sampling n data, respectively recorded as: { P comp (1),P comp (2),…,P comp (n) } and { P press (1),P press (2),…,P press (n) }; setting fitting relationAn array of frost levels { α (1), α (2), …, α (n) } is obtained. Wherein: />
(4) Obtaining the maximum value alpha of { alpha (1), alpha (2), …, alpha (n) } max =max { α (1), α (2), …, α (n) }, condition α is determined max ＜α thr And T amb ＞T thr Whether or not to establish; if yes, the air energy water heater is not frosted, and the step (2) is returned; otherwise, entering step (5); wherein: alpha thr And T thr Setting a threshold value for minimum frosting degree and a threshold value for temperature respectively;
(5) Calculating the average valueAnd standard deviation->Judging->If so, entering a step (6); otherwise, returning to the step (2); wherein: θ is a set threshold;
(6) Determining frosting degree of air energy water heater
(7) The program exits.
9. The method for using an air energy water heater with frost prediction and defrosting functions according to claim 8, wherein: defrosting according to the obtained frosting degree, wherein the steps are as follows:
(1) and obtaining the frosting degree alpha.
(2) Calculating expansion deformation delta required to be generated by the thermal expansion unit when the frosting degree is alpha according to the function delta=s (alpha); calculating a current set point I required to flow through the thermal expansion unit when the thermal expansion unit generates expansion deformation delta according to the function I=g (delta) set ；
(3) Calculating the vibration amplitude A and the frequency F required by the vibrator when the frosting degree is alpha according to the function A=h (alpha) and the function F=f (alpha); according to a functionCalculating the output current vector of the driving power supply when the vibrator generates amplitude A and frequency F
(4) Controlling the first four-way valve to switch from heating operation to defrosting operation, and according to compressor power P in defrosting operation comp Mathematical relationship P with frosting degree alpha comp =d_frest (α), obtaining the compressor operating power setpointDefrosting is realized;
(5) will I set 、And->Respectively serving as a power supply output current of the thermal expansion unit, a power supply output current of the vibrator and a compressor running power set value, and controlling the power supply output current and the vibrator;
(6) and driving the thermal expansion, the vibrator, the first four-way valve and the compressor to defrost.
Compared with the prior art, the air energy water heater comprises the refrigerant loop, the water control loop and the variable frequency controller, the structure and the pipe network layout of the refrigerant loop and the water control loop are simpler, the switching control of the working modes is convenient, the function is comprehensive, the switching control of the circulating heating, the backwater heating and the constant-temperature and constant-pressure water supply can be realized only by controlling the second four-way valve, and the simplicity of a control system is further realized; on the other hand, only adopt single variable frequency water pump in whole water route return circuit, when realizing circulation heating, return water heating and constant temperature constant pressure water supply, it all adopts the variable frequency adjustment scheme with the compressor, on simplifying system architecture, hardware cost and energy consumption cost's basis by a wide margin, can effectively promote the stability of water supply temperature and pressure. In addition, the invention also provides a frost prediction method, which can accurately and reliably predict whether the copper pipe has frost and the frost degree, and provides a basis for the optimization control of subsequent defrosting. And secondly, the invention organically combines vibration defrosting, thermal expansion defrosting and hot defrosting, can effectively improve defrosting effect, quickens defrosting process, reduces defrosting energy consumption, eliminates water temperature/room temperature from greatly reducing, and improves the overall performance of the air energy water heater.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an air energy water heater section;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a copper tube section;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the thermal expansion unit;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the copper tube and vibrator;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the whole working algorithm of the air energy water heater.
Reference numerals:
1. a refrigerant circuit; 2. a water control loop; 3. a variable frequency controller; 4. an evaporator; 5. a first four-way valve; 6. a gas-liquid separator; 7. a compressor; 8. a heat exchanger; 9. a liquid storage tank; 10. an expansion valve; 11. a filter; 12. a water tank; 13. a water pump; 14. a three-way valve; 15. a one-way stop valve; 16. an air pressure tank; 17. a pressure gauge; 18. a backwater temperature sensor; 19. a second four-way valve; 20. an opening regulating valve; 21. a water outlet pipeline; 22. a water return line; 23. a thermal expansion unit; 24. a vibrator.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
Examples: an air energy water heater with frosting prediction and defrosting functions, as shown in figure 1, comprises a refrigerant loop 1, a water control loop 2 and a variable frequency controller 3; the refrigerant loop 1 comprises an evaporator 4, a first four-way valve 5, a gas-liquid separator 6, a compressor 7, a heat exchanger 8, a liquid storage tank 9, an expansion valve 10 and a filter 11; the evaporator 4 is connected with the 1 end of the first four-way valve 5, the 2 end of the first four-way valve 5 is connected with the gas-liquid separator 6, the gas-liquid separator 6 is connected with the compressor 7, and the compressor 7 is connected with the 3 end of the first four-way valve 5; the 4 end of the first four-way valve 5 is connected with a heat exchanger 8; the heat exchanger 8 is connected with a liquid storage tank, the liquid storage tank is connected with a filter 11 through an expansion valve 10, and the filter 11 is connected with the evaporator 4; the water control loop 2 comprises a water tank 12, a water pump 13, a three-way valve 14, a one-way stop valve 15, an air pressure tank 16, a pressure gauge 17, a backwater temperature sensor 18, a second four-way valve 19 and an opening regulating valve 20; the water tank 12 is connected with the heat exchanger 8, a water outlet of the water tank 12 is connected with the water pump 13, the water pump 13 is connected with the one-way stop valve 15 through the three-way valve 14, the one-way stop valve 15 is connected with the water outlet pipeline 21, and the water outlet pipeline 21 is connected with the water return pipeline 22; the end 1 of the second four-way valve 19 is connected with the heat exchanger 8, the end 2 is connected with the three-way valve 14, the end 3 is connected with the motor of the water return pipeline 22, and the end 4 is connected with the water inlet pipeline; the air pressure tank 16 and the pressure gauge 17 are connected to an outlet pipeline 21; the backwater temperature sensor 18 is arranged on the backwater pipeline 22; the opening regulator is connected to the water inlet pipeline; the variable frequency controller 3 is respectively and electrically connected with the first four-way valve 5, the compressor 7, the water tank 12, the water pump 13, the pressure gauge 17, the second four-way valve 19, the backwater temperature sensor 18 and the opening regulating valve 20; the variable frequency controller 3 is also connected with an ambient temperature sensor and a relative humidity sensor.
When the air energy water heater in the implementation works, the variable frequency controller 3 is used for collecting the ambient temperature, the ambient relative humidity, the pipe network water pressure and the backwater tail end temperature and collecting the gas pressure data at the outlet of the compressor 7, so that the operation of the refrigerant loop 1 and the water control loop 2 is controlled, and the heating work and the defrosting work of the air energy water heater are realized.
During heating operation, the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 1 absorbs heat energy in air in a copper pipe of the evaporator 4 to gasify, the heat energy is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas through the first four-way valve 5, the gas-liquid separator 6 and the compressor 7, and the heat energy is released to water flowing through the heat exchanger 8 to heat the water; after releasing heat energy, the refrigerant returns to the evaporator 4 again for the next heat exchange after passing through the liquid storage tank 9, the expansion valve 10 and the filter 11;
in a heating working mode, the water control loop 2 realizes three working states including a circulating heating working state, a backwater heating working state and constant-temperature and constant-pressure water supply; in the cyclic heating working state, when the frequency conversion controller 3 does not detect the conditions that the water consumption of a user and the temperature of the tail end return water in the return water pipeline 22 is too low, the 1 end and the 2 end of the second four-way valve 19 are communicated, water flows out of the water tank 12, sequentially passes through the water pump 13, the three-way valve 14, the second four-way valve 19 and the heat exchanger 8, and returns to the water tank 12 again; after the variable frequency controller 3 samples the water temperature of the water tank 12 and executes a water temperature control algorithm, the operation parameters of the compressor 7 and the operation parameters of the water pump 13 are coordinated, so that the water heater efficiency is optimal while the water temperature of the water tank 12 is constant; in the backwater heating working state, when the variable frequency controller 3 detects that the end backwater temperature is lower than the set backwater end temperature lower limit threshold value, the 1 end and the 3 end of the second four-way valve 19 are communicated, water flows out from the water tank 12, sequentially passes through the water pump 13, the three-way valve 14, the one-way stop valve 15, the water outlet pipeline 21, the backwater pipeline 22, the second four-way valve 19 and the heat exchanger 8, and returns to the water tank 12 again; the variable frequency controller 3 rapidly heats the low-temperature water in the pipeline by controlling the rotating speed of the water pump 13 and the power of the compressor 7, and injects the high-temperature water in the water tank 12 into the pipeline until the temperature of the backwater end reaches the set upper limit threshold of the backwater end temperature; in a constant temperature and constant pressure water supply state, when the variable frequency controller 3 detects water used by a user through the pressure gauge 17, the 1 end and the 4 end of the second four-way valve 19 are communicated, hot water flows out from the water tank 12 and sequentially reaches the user end through the water pump 13, the three-way valve 14, the one-way stop valve 15 and the water outlet pipeline 21, hot water meeting requirements is provided for the user, the running rotation speed of the water pump 13 is determined by the water supply constant pressure control algorithm, and the running frequency of the water pump 13 is determined, so that the water pressure of the user is stable; the reduced hot water in the water tank 12 is replenished by controlling the opening of the opening regulating valve 20; at the same time, the variable frequency controller 3 runs a water temperature control algorithm to adjust the power of the compressor 7 in real time, and heats the low-temperature water injected from the opening degree adjusting valve 20 to ensure the temperature of the water tank 12.
The defrosting operation comprises the steps that the variable frequency controller 3 realizes frost breaking of expansion stress and resonance stress by driving the thermal expansion unit and the vibrator, the frost adhered on the copper pipe is broken into small frost, and most broken frost is vibrated by vibration; as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the evaporator 4 comprises a disc-shaped copper tube, and a thermal expansion unit 23 is tightly attached to or wound on the disc-shaped copper tube, wherein the thermal expansion unit 23 is formed by compounding an electrothermal material and a thermal expansion material, and the electrothermal material is embedded in the thermal expansion material. The thermal expansion unit is tightly attached to or wound around the disc-shaped copper pipe, and when the disc-shaped copper pipe is frosted or ice-coated, the thermal expansion unit absorbs heat to generate larger expansion deformation by adjusting the current flowing through the electric heating material in the thermal expansion unit, so that the frost attached to the thermal expansion unit is broken due to huge stress, and the defrosting process is accelerated. The vibration unit consists of a plurality of electric vibrators, the fixed parts of the electric vibrators are respectively fixed on the end face of the outdoor unit, and certain intervals are reserved between the movable parts and the disc-type copper pipe. When the disc-shaped copper pipe is frosted or ice-covered, vibration is applied to the copper pipe by driving the electric vibrator, the vibration frequency of the vibration is equal to or close to the natural frequency of the disc-shaped copper pipe during frosting, resonance is generated, on one hand, frost adhered to the copper pipe is broken due to huge resonance stress, and on the other hand, frost broken due to thermal expansion and resonance stress is vibrated, and the defrosting process is accelerated. The winding or pasting space of the thermal expansion units must comprehensively consider the heat exchange efficiency and the defrosting efficiency, and cannot be too large or too small. Too large a distance can lead to poor defrosting effect; too small a gap may result in poor heat exchange efficiency, and the gap value may be determined by actual test data optimization. The thermal expansion unit is connected to the control power supply, and the defrosting is optimally controlled by adjusting the electrical parameters of the respective power supplies.
As shown in fig. 4, a plurality of electric vibrators 24 are mounted around the disc-type copper pipe. The stationary portions of the plurality of electric vibrators 24 are fixed to the end face of the outdoor unit, respectively, and the movable portions are spaced from the disc-shaped copper pipe. The vibrator output amplitude and frequency parameters, as well as the number and location of installations, can be determined synthetically by theoretical simulation analysis and experimental test results, as well as cost and system complexity. As known from physical knowledge, when the copper tube frosts, the natural vibration frequency of the copper tube changes, and the frequency value is related to the frosting degree. When the frequency of the external vibration excitation is equal to or close to the natural frequency, the frosted copper pipe resonates. At this time, the stress of the frost attached to the copper pipe can be adjusted by controlling the amplitude of the external vibration. When the amplitude of the external excitation vibration reaches a certain value, the frost adhered to the copper pipe is crushed, and most of the crushed frost falls along with the vibration. The amplitude and the frequency of the vibrator are controlled by the amplitude and the frequency of the output current of the connected driving power supply, and the purpose of quick and efficient defrosting is realized by optimally controlling the current parameters of the driving power supply of the vibrator.
Besides the thermal expansion defrosting and vibration defrosting, the invention also has the function of thermal defrosting. During hot defrosting, the variable frequency controller 3 switches the mode of the first four-way valve 5, the refrigerant absorbs the heat energy of water in the heat exchanger 8 to gasify, the heat energy is released to the frost attached to the copper pipe in the evaporator 4 after being compressed into high-temperature high-pressure gas through the first four-way valve 5, the gas-liquid separator 6 and the compressor 7, and the melting speed of broken frost is accelerated, and the defrosting process of the air energy water heater is improved; after releasing heat energy, the refrigerant returns to the heat exchanger again to perform the next heat exchange after passing through the filter 11, the expansion valve 10 and the liquid storage tank 9; under defrosting working conditions, the variable frequency controller 3 communicates the end 1 and the end 2 of the second four-way valve 19, high-temperature hot water in the water tank 12 flows out of the water tank 12, sequentially passes through the water pump 13, the three-way valve 14 and the second four-way valve 19, and after reaching the heat exchanger 8, heat in the high-temperature hot water is absorbed by a refrigerant at the other side of the heat exchanger 8, and water after releasing the heat flows out of the heat exchanger 8 and returns to the water tank 12 again; meanwhile, the variable frequency controller 3 realizes the control of the hot defrosting speed by adjusting the running speed of the water pump 13.
The variable frequency controller is internally provided with a frosting prediction algorithm, the frosting prediction algorithm is an engineering physical model between the compressor power of the air energy water heater and the refrigerant gas pressure at the outlet of the compressor under different frosting conditions based on thermodynamics, and mathematical modeling and simulation analysis are carried out on the engineering physical model to obtain theoretical numerical results. And (3) building prototype models of the air energy water heater under different frosting conditions, and carrying out experimental tests on the prototype models. And performing curve fitting on experimental test data and simulation data to obtain mathematical relations among frosting degree, compressor power and refrigerant gas pressure. Then, under the condition that the water heater is judged to be possibly frosted, the running power of the compressor and the refrigerant gas pressure are obtained in real time and substituted into the mathematical relationship among the frosting degree, the compressor power and the refrigerant gas pressure, and whether the outdoor disc-type copper tube of the air energy water heater is frosted or not and the frosting degree alpha are accurately judged.
The relevant variables and parameters are defined as follows: t (T) s For sampling period, i is sampling number sequence number, P comp (i) For compressor operating power, P press (i) Is the refrigerant high-pressure gas pressure, { P comp (1),P comp (2),…,P comp (n) } and { P press (1),P press (2),…,P press (n) } is the compressor power P respectively comp And refrigerant high pressure gas pressure P press Is provided with a plurality of sampling data sequences,to frosting degree alpha and P comp And P press Mathematical relationship between { α (1), α (2), …, α (n) } is { P comp (1),P comp (2),…,P comp (n) } and { P press (1),P press (2),…,P press Array of frosting degree, alpha, obtained by solving under (n) } condition max Is the maximum element of the array { alpha (1), alpha (2), …, alpha (n) }, alpha thr And T thr Setting threshold values for minimum frosting degree and temperature respectivelyValue of->And σ are { α (1), α (2), …, α (n) } mean and standard deviation, respectively, θ being a set threshold.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Acquiring the current day ambient temperature T amb Relative humidity of environment H amb Judging whether the air energy water heater is currently in a frosting operation boundary range or not; if yes, go to step (2); otherwise, exiting;
(2) Executing the frosting prediction algorithm at intervals of delta T from the moment, and defining that each parameter needs to be sampled with n data when the prediction algorithm is executed, wherein the sampling period is T s ；
(3) Power P to compressor comp And refrigerant high pressure gas pressure P press Sampling n data, respectively recorded as: { P comp (1),P comp (2),…,P comp (n) } and { P press (1),P press (2),…,P press (n) }; setting fitting relationAn array of frost levels { α (1), α (2), …, α (n) } is obtained. Wherein: />
(4) Obtaining the maximum value alpha of { alpha (1), alpha (2), …, alpha (n) } max =max { α (1), α (2), …, α (n) }, condition α is determined max ＜α thr And T amb ＞T thr Whether or not to establish; if yes, the air energy water heater is not frosted, and the step (2) is returned; otherwise, entering step (5); wherein: alpha thr And T thr Setting a threshold value for minimum frosting degree and a threshold value for temperature respectively;
(5) Calculating the average valueAnd standard deviation->Judging->If so, entering a step (6); otherwise, returning to the step (2); wherein: θ is a set threshold;
(6) Determining frosting degree of air energy water heater
(7) The program exits.
And obtaining the frosting degree alpha through the frosting prediction algorithm. Based on the above, according to experimental test data, theoretical simulation analysis and a data fitting method, obtaining a mathematical relationship delta=s (alpha 0) between the frosting degree alpha and the expansion deformation alpha 2 required to be generated by the expansion material when reliably breaking ice; next, a mathematical relationship i=g (δ) is determined from the characteristics between the expansion deformation δ and the current flowing through the heat generating material. And the I is used as a power supply output current reference value of the expansion heating material to control the expansion heating material, so that reliable expansion stress ice breaking is realized. Similarly, according to experimental test data, theoretical simulation analysis and a data fitting method, mathematical relations delta=s (alpha) and F=f (alpha) of the frosting degree alpha 1 and the amplitude delta and the frequency F required to be generated by the vibrator can be obtained; next, a mathematical relationship is determined based on the characteristics between the amplitude delta and the frequency F and the vibrator drive power supply currentAnd will->And the output current reference value of the driving power supply is used for controlling the output current reference value, so that vibration frosting is realized. Similarly, the compressor power P is obtained through experimental test data, theoretical simulation analysis and a data fitting method comp Mathematical relationship P with frosting degree alpha comp =d_frest (α), and will also be the compressor power P comp As the output power reference value of the compressor, the control is carried out to realize rapid defrosting。
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) and obtaining the frosting degree alpha.
(2) Calculating expansion deformation delta required to be generated by the thermal expansion unit when the frosting degree is alpha according to the function delta=s (alpha); calculating a current set point I required to flow through the thermal expansion unit when the thermal expansion unit generates expansion deformation delta according to the function I=g (delta) set ；
(3) Calculating the vibration amplitude A and the frequency F required by the vibrator when the frosting degree is alpha according to the function A=h (alpha) and the function F=f (alpha); according to a functionCalculating the output current vector of the driving power supply when the vibrator generates amplitude A and frequency F
(4) Controlling the first four-way valve to switch from heating operation to defrosting operation, and according to compressor power P in defrosting operation comp Mathematical relationship P with frosting degree alpha comp =d_frest (α), obtaining the compressor operating power setpointDefrosting is realized;
(5) will I set 、And->Respectively serving as a power supply output current of the thermal expansion unit, a power supply output current of the vibrator and a compressor running power set value, and controlling the power supply output current and the vibrator;
(6) and driving the thermal expansion, the vibrator, the first four-way valve and the compressor to defrost.
In order to further explain the whole working algorithm flow of the air energy water heater, as shown in fig. 5, the algorithm is realized by adopting a timing operation mode, and is triggered by timer interruption, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) program entry
(2) Run the frost prediction algorithm subroutine and determine whether or not frost is formed? If yes, go to step (3); otherwise, entering the step (4);
(3) acquiring the frosting degree alpha, operating a defrosting control method, and exiting the program;
(4) obtain pressure gauge data, and determine if the user is using water? If yes, go to step (5); otherwise, entering step (6);
(5) running a water supply pressure control algorithm, a water tank water temperature control algorithm and a water tank liquid level control algorithm, and exiting the program;
(6) acquiring backwater temperature data and judging whether backwater temperature is lower than a lower limit temperature threshold or in a backwater heating state? If yes, go to step (7); otherwise, go to step (9);
(7) setting a backwater heating state, running a backwater temperature control algorithm, and judging whether the backwater temperature reaches an upper limit temperature threshold? If yes, go to step (8); otherwise, the program exits;
(8) exiting the backwater heating state, and exiting the program;
(9) running a cyclic heating control algorithm, and exiting the program;
and (5) exiting the program.
In summary, the air energy water heater provided by the invention comprises the refrigerant loop, the water control loop and the variable frequency controller, the structures and the pipe network layout of the refrigerant loop and the water control loop are simpler, the switching control of the working modes is convenient, the function is comprehensive, the switching control of the circulating heating, the backwater heating and the constant-temperature and constant-pressure water supply can be realized only by controlling the second four-way valve, and the simplicity of a control system is further realized; on the other hand, only adopt single variable frequency water pump in whole water route return circuit, when realizing circulation heating, return water heating and constant temperature constant pressure water supply, it all adopts the variable frequency adjustment scheme with the compressor, on simplifying system architecture, hardware cost and energy consumption cost's basis by a wide margin, can effectively promote the stability of water supply temperature and pressure. In addition, the invention also provides a frost prediction method, which can accurately and reliably predict whether the copper pipe has frost and the frost degree, and provides a basis for the optimization control of subsequent defrosting. And secondly, the invention organically combines vibration defrosting, thermal expansion defrosting and hot defrosting, can effectively improve defrosting effect, quickens defrosting process, reduces defrosting energy consumption, eliminates water temperature/room temperature from greatly reducing, and improves the overall performance of the air energy water heater.
Claims (7)
1. An air energy water heater with frosting prediction and defrosting functions is characterized in that: the device comprises a refrigerant loop, a water control loop and a variable frequency controller; the refrigerant loop comprises an evaporator, a first four-way valve, a gas-liquid separator, a compressor, a heat exchanger, a liquid storage tank, an expansion valve and a filter; the evaporator is connected with the 1 end of the first four-way valve, the 2 end of the first four-way valve is connected with the gas-liquid separator, the gas-liquid separator is connected with the compressor, and the compressor is connected with the 3 end of the first four-way valve; the 4 end of the first four-way valve is connected with the heat exchanger; the heat exchanger is connected with the liquid storage tank, the liquid outlet tank is connected with the filter through the expansion valve, and the filter is connected with the evaporator; the water control loop comprises a water tank, a water pump, a three-way valve, a one-way stop valve, an air pressure tank, a pressure gauge, a backwater temperature sensor, a second four-way valve and an opening regulating valve; the water tank is connected with the heat exchanger, the water outlet of the water tank is connected with the water pump, the water pump is connected with the one-way stop valve through the three-way valve, the one-way stop valve is connected with the water outlet pipeline, and the water outlet pipeline is connected with the water return pipeline; the end 1 of the second four-way valve is connected with the heat exchanger, the end 2 of the second four-way valve is connected with the three-way valve, the end 3 of the second four-way valve is connected with the return water pipeline motor, and the end 4 of the second four-way valve is connected with the water inlet pipeline; the air pressure tank and the pressure gauge are connected to the water outlet pipeline; the backwater temperature sensor is arranged on the backwater pipeline; the opening regulating valve is connected to the water inlet pipeline; the variable frequency controller is electrically connected with the first four-way valve, the compressor, the water tank, the water pump, the pressure gauge, the second four-way valve, the backwater temperature sensor and the opening regulating valve respectively; the variable frequency controller is also connected with an ambient temperature sensor and a relative humidity sensor;
the variable frequency controller is used for controlling the operation of the refrigerant loop and the water control loop by collecting the ambient temperature, the ambient relative humidity, the pipe network water pressure and the backwater end temperature and collecting the compressor outlet gas pressure data, so as to realize the heating work and the defrosting work of the air energy water heater;
the variable frequency controller is internally provided with a frosting prediction algorithm, and frosting prediction is carried out through the frosting prediction algorithm, and the steps are as follows:
(1) Acquiring the current day ambient temperature T amb Relative humidity of environment H amb Judging whether the air energy water heater is currently in a frosting operation boundary range or not; if yes, go to step (2); otherwise, exiting;
(2) Executing the frosting prediction algorithm at intervals of delta T from the moment, and defining that each parameter needs to be sampled with n data when the prediction algorithm is executed, wherein the sampling period is T s ；
(3) Power P to compressor comp And refrigerant high pressure gas pressure P press Sampling n data, respectively recorded as: { P comp (1),P comp (2),…,P comp (n) } and { P press (1),P press (2),…,P press (n) }; setting fitting relationObtaining an array { alpha (1), alpha (2), …, alpha (n) } of frosting degrees; wherein: />
(4) Obtaining the maximum value alpha of { alpha (1), alpha (2), …, alpha (n) } max =max { α (1), α (2), …, α (n) }, condition α is determined max ＜α thr And T amb ＞T thr Whether or not to establish; if yes, the air energy water heater is not frosted, and the step (2) is returned; otherwise, entering step (5); wherein: alpha thr And T thr Setting a threshold value for minimum frosting degree and a threshold value for temperature respectively;
(5) Calculating the average valueAnd standard deviation->Judging->If so, entering a step (6); otherwise, returning to the step (2); wherein: θ is a set threshold;
(6) Determining frosting degree of air energy water heater
2. The air-powered water heater with frost prediction and defrosting functions according to claim 1, wherein: the evaporator comprises a disc-shaped copper pipe, and a thermal expansion unit is clung to or wound on the disc-shaped copper pipe.
3. The air-powered water heater with frost prediction and defrosting functions according to claim 2, wherein: a plurality of electrical vibrators are mounted around the disc-type copper tube.
4. The air-powered water heater with frost prediction and defrosting function according to claim 3, wherein: the fixed part of the electric vibrator is fixed on the end face of the outdoor unit, and the movable part and the disc-shaped copper pipe are spaced.
5. The air-powered water heater with frost prediction and defrosting functions according to claim 1, wherein: during heating operation, the refrigerant in the refrigerant loop absorbs heat energy in air in the copper pipe of the evaporator to gasify, the heat energy is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas through the first four-way valve, the gas-liquid separator and the compressor, and the heat energy is released to water flowing through the heat exchanger to heat the water; after releasing heat energy, the refrigerant returns to the evaporator again to perform the next heat exchange after passing through the liquid storage tank, the expansion valve and the filter;
in a heating working mode, the water control loop realizes three working states including a cyclic heating working state, a backwater heating working state and constant-temperature and constant-pressure water supply; in the cyclic heating working state, when the variable frequency controller does not detect the conditions that the water consumption of a user and the temperature of the tail end water return in the water return pipeline is too low, the 1 end and the 2 end of the second four-way valve are communicated, water flows out from the water tank, and returns to the water tank after sequentially passing through the water pump, the three-way valve, the second four-way valve and the heat exchanger; after the variable frequency controller samples the water temperature of the water tank and executes a water temperature control algorithm, the operation parameters of the compressor and the operation parameters of the water pump are coordinated, so that the water heater efficiency is optimal while the water temperature of the water tank is constant; in a backwater heating working state, when the variable frequency controller detects that the end backwater temperature is lower than the set backwater end temperature lower limit threshold, communicating the 1 end and the 3 end of the second four-way valve, and enabling water to flow out of the water tank, and returning to the water tank again after sequentially passing through the water pump, the three-way valve, the one-way stop valve, the water outlet pipeline, the backwater pipeline, the second four-way valve and the heat exchanger; the variable frequency controller rapidly heats low-temperature water in the pipeline by controlling the rotating speed of the water pump and the power of the compressor, and injects the high-temperature water in the water tank into the pipeline until the temperature of the backwater end reaches the set upper limit threshold of the backwater end temperature; in a constant temperature and constant pressure water supply state, when the variable frequency controller detects water used by a user through the pressure gauge, the 1 end and the 4 end of the second four-way valve are communicated, hot water flows out of the water tank, and sequentially passes through the water pump, the three-way valve, the one-way stop valve and the water outlet pipeline to reach the user end, so that hot water meeting requirements is provided for the user, the running speed of the water pump is determined by the water supply constant pressure control algorithm, and the running frequency of the water pump is determined, so that the water pressure of the user is stable; the reduced hot water in the water tank is supplemented by controlling the opening of the opening regulating valve; meanwhile, the variable frequency controller runs a water temperature control algorithm, adjusts the power of the compressor in real time, heats low-temperature water injected by the opening adjusting valve, and ensures the temperature of the water tank.
6. The air-powered water heater with frost prediction and defrosting functions according to claim 1, wherein: the defrosting operation comprises the steps that a variable frequency controller realizes expansion stress and resonance stress defrosting by driving a thermal expansion unit and a vibrator, the frost adhered on a copper pipe is crushed into small frost, and most of the crushed frost is vibrated by vibration; meanwhile, the variable frequency controller switches the mode of the first four-way valve, the refrigerant absorbs the heat energy of water in the heat exchanger to gasify, the heat energy is released to frost attached to the copper pipe in the evaporator after being compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas through the first four-way valve, the gas-liquid separator and the compressor, the melting speed of crushing the frost is increased, and the defrosting process of the air energy water heater is improved; after releasing heat energy, the refrigerant returns to the heat exchanger again to perform the next heat exchange after passing through the filter, the expansion valve and the liquid storage tank; under the defrosting working condition, the variable frequency controller communicates the 1 end and the 2 end of the second four-way valve, high-temperature hot water in the water tank flows out of the water tank, sequentially passes through the water pump, the three-way valve and the second four-way valve, heat in the high-temperature hot water after reaching the heat exchanger is absorbed by a refrigerant at the other side of the heat exchanger, and water after releasing the heat flows out of the heat exchanger and returns to the water tank again; meanwhile, the variable frequency controller realizes the control of the hot defrosting speed by adjusting the running speed of the water pump.
7. The air-powered water heater with frost prediction and defrosting functions according to claim 1, wherein: defrosting according to the obtained frosting degree, wherein the steps are as follows:
(1) acquiring frosting degree alpha;
(2) calculating expansion deformation delta required to be generated by the thermal expansion unit when the frosting degree is alpha according to the function delta=s (alpha); calculating a current set point I required to flow through the thermal expansion unit when the thermal expansion unit generates expansion deformation delta according to the function I=g (delta) set ；
(3) Calculating the vibration amplitude A and the frequency F required by the vibrator when the frosting degree is alpha according to the function A=h (alpha) and the function F=f (alpha); according to a functionCalculating the output current vector of the driving power supply when the vibrator generates the amplitude A and the frequency F>
(4) Controlling the first four-way valve to switch from heating operation to defrosting operation, and according to compressor power P in defrosting operation comp Mathematical relationship P with frosting degree alpha comp =d_frest (α), obtaining the compressor operating power setpointDefrosting is realized;
(5) will I set 、And->Respectively serving as a power supply output current of the thermal expansion unit, a power supply output current of the vibrator and a compressor running power set value, and controlling the power supply output current and the vibrator;
(6) and driving the thermal expansion, the vibrator, the first four-way valve and the compressor to defrost.
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Effective date of registration: 20231009 Address after: 317525, 2nd Floor, Building 1, No. 316 Hangwen Road, Daxi Town, Wenling City, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province Patentee after: Beixi Te (Zhejiang) Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: No. 2, Building 19, Huitouwang, Sunshine Community, Chengdong Street, Wenling City, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province 317500 Patentee before: Wenling Huangge Technology Consulting Co.,Ltd. |