CN114437678A - Sea-phase fractured zone stratum water-based drilling fluid system and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Sea-phase fractured zone stratum water-based drilling fluid system and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a marine facies fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system and a preparation method and application thereof in the field of oil drilling. The sea-phase fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1000 parts of water, 50-80 parts of bentonite, 1-5 parts of a polymer treating agent, 60-120 parts of a temperature-resistant fluid loss agent and 20-50 parts of a flow pattern regulator. The invention mainly aims at the characteristic that the stratum well wall collapses in the sea phase crushing zone, so as to timely carry the falling blocks generated after drilling the stratum in the sea phase crushing zone away from the near drill bit area to achieve the aim of cleaning the well hole, prevent the jamming of the drill bit and a bottom hole drilling tool and cause the jamming accident by effectively removing the rock debris or the falling blocks in the irregular well hole section in the well hole, simultaneously consider temperature resistance and plugging, ensure that the system is kept stable under the high-temperature condition of the deep well, meet the requirement of safe drilling, simultaneously shorten the drilling period and reduce the comprehensive drilling cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil drilling, in particular to a marine fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the acceleration of the exploration and development process of deep marine strata in various domestic oil fields, drilling conditions of broken stratums are increased in the drilling process, frequent collapse and block falling of 'iron drum' boreholes in the traditional concept occur, drilling blocking accidents are frequent, and due to the fact that the depths of the boreholes exceed 5000 meters, the accident treatment not only wastes time and labor, but also causes huge economic loss.
The sea stratum fractured zone refers to the sea stratum with fractured or uncrushed rock, which is affected by the squeezing motion of the non-reservoir carbonate stratum under the movement of the geological structure, and the integrity and continuity of the rock are destroyed to different degrees. Therefore, the mechanism of borehole instability of the sea-phase fractured zone stratum is as follows: after a broken zone is uncovered in the drilling process, the incompleteness and the discontinuity of rocks are aggravated after the rocks which lose or partially lose the continuity and the integrity are subjected to cutting vibration of a drill bit and frequent collision of a drilling tool, and the broken carbonate rocks caused by the incompletion of the rocks fall in a shaft along a stress deficiency direction, so that the well wall is finally collapsed. The main reasons for the obvious difference between the borehole wall instability mechanism and the borehole wall instability mechanism of the shale stratum are as follows: (1) after the non-reservoir carbonate rock is squeezed in the movement of a geological structure, the rock loses the integrity, a plurality of micro cracks are generated in the rock, different cementing types such as argillaceous cementing, siliceous cementing and the like are formed in the micro cracks in the later geological evolution process due to different fillers, but the cementing strength is extremely low, so that well wall instability is easy to occur in the well drilling process; (2) the stratum is a carbonate stratum and does not contain clay minerals, no obvious chemical action exists between the drilling fluid and the rock, and the inhibitive performance of the drilling fluid cannot play a role; (3) the existence of the primary fractures is an important characterization of stratum fracture, which indicates that the rock strength is damaged, and is also a main reason of borehole wall instability of the fractured zone, and the primary fractures and the induced fractures easily interact with drilling fluid in the drilling process of conventional shale stratum rock to cause extension and penetration so as to lose integrity, and finally cause borehole wall instability to be different, so that the plugging effect of the drilling fluid on the borehole wall stability of the marine fractured zone stratum is not obvious. Therefore, aiming at the technical problem that the drilling safety is affected by the instability of the well wall of the marine facies fractured zone stratum, the thinking needs to be changed, and in order to ensure the drilling safety, the suspension carrying is taken as the main part, and the passive plugging is taken as the auxiliary part.
Chinese patent CN 106167694A discloses a consolidation dado drilling fluid suitable for deep drilling broken stratum and a preparation method thereof, but the system only strengthens the inhibition capability of the system, and the inhibition usually aims at containing hydratable clay minerals (the stratum is mostly a terrestrial stratum), so the system is not suitable for marine carbonate rock stratum. In addition, the system does not contain clay, so that the structural force of the system is poor, the suspension and carrying capacity cannot meet the actual requirement, falling blocks generated by a fractured zone stratum cannot be carried away from a near bit area in time or even cannot be carried to the ground, and therefore the drilling fluid system does not meet the safe drilling requirement of a marine fractured zone stratum.
Aiming at the technical problem of borehole wall instability of the marine facies fractured ground stratum, the conventional drilling fluid systems, such as potassium chloride polysulfonate and potassium chloride polyamine systems, including the strong-inhibition strong-plugging drilling fluid system which is suitable for borehole wall stabilization of shale stratum and has good field application effect in recent years are not suitable, so that the development of a water-based drilling fluid system special for the marine facies fractured ground stratum is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that in the prior art, borehole wall instability is easy to occur after drilling in a sea phase fractured zone stratum, and the underground is complex, the invention provides a sea phase fractured zone stratum water-based drilling fluid system. In particular to a sea-phase fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention aims to invent a marine facies fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system, which meets the requirement of safe drilling.
The invention mainly aims at sea-phase fractured zone strata, in the drilling process of the sea-phase fractured zone strata, large irregular-shaped drop blocks are usually generated, and the generated drop blocks are carried away from a near-bit area in time and carried out of a shaft to be removed on the ground, so that the invention has the main purpose that the invention is characterized in that the invention has special rheological property, and the range from low shear rate to high shear rate is more effective than that of the conventional drilling fluid in suspension carrying and finally removed, the currently common polysulfonate system or polymer system has lower shear force under the condition of low shear rate, and the shear force is also lower under the condition of high shear rate due to the shear dilution characteristic, thereby being not beneficial to the carrying of the fractured zone drop blocks, and the system can ensure that the drilling fluid keeps higher shear force in the range of low shear rate (low flow rate) near a well wall, and a certain structural force is kept in a high shear rate area (near a drill bit), so that the block falling and carrying away are facilitated, jamming and blocking during the drilling process are avoided, and the aim of preventing the occurrence of a drilling jamming accident is fulfilled.
One object of the invention is to provide a water-based drilling fluid system for a marine fractured zone formation, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
1000 parts by weight of water, and a solvent,
50 to 80 parts by weight of bentonite, preferably 60 to 80 parts by weight,
1 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 3 to 5 parts by weight of a polymer treating agent,
60-120 parts by weight of temperature-resistant fluid loss agent, preferably 85-120 parts by weight,
20-50 parts by weight of flow pattern regulator, preferably 30-50 parts by weight.
The temperature-resistant fluid loss additive can comprise temperature-resistant fluid loss additives such as sulfonated polymers, asphalts and the like. The temperature and fluid loss resistant agent preferably comprises components such as lignite resin, sulfonated phenolic resin, polyanionic cellulose fluid loss resistant agent and sulfonated asphalt. The sulfonated asphalt can be at least one of sulfonated asphalt, temperature-sensitive deformation blocking agent, high-temperature-resistant blocking and anti-collapse agent and other similar products.
Specifically, the temperature and fluid loss resistant agent may comprise the following components in parts by weight, based on the amount of the water used as 1000 parts by weight:
20-40 parts of lignite resin, preferably 30-40 parts;
20-40 parts of sulfonated phenolic resin, preferably 30-40 parts;
3-10 parts of polyanionic cellulose fluid loss agent, preferably 5-10 parts;
17-30 parts of sulfonated asphalt, preferably 20-30 parts.
The lignite resin and the sulfonated phenolic resin belong to sulfonated treatment agents, and have the main functions of reducing the water loss of the drilling fluid, facilitating the formation of thin, tough and compact mud cakes and protecting well walls; the polyanionic cellulose fluid loss agent is a polymer fluid loss agent, can be mutually adsorbed with clay particles to form a hydration film, so that viscosity particles keep a colloidal particle state, namely the polyanionic cellulose fluid loss agent has good adhesive protection capability.
Bentonite is the basic material of the drilling fluid system, and the charged clay particles form the basic framework of the system.
The high molecular treatment agent can be selected from at least one of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and potassium polyacrylate KPAM. The hydrolyzed polyacrylamide is used for drilling fluid, and the hydrolysis degree can be 27-35%.
The hydrolyzed polyacrylamide is a high molecular polymer, and has the main functions that macromolecular chain polymerization can adsorb and wrap clay particles, so that the clay particles are aggregated and removed by using solid control equipment, and the system keeps proper clay content; the polyacrylamide also has good abrasion resistance reducing effect, and can obviously reduce the abrasion resistance between a rotating drill rod and a well wall and the abrasion resistance between solid-phase particles and solid-phase particles in slurry; in addition, the structure with long chain structure can be combined with the structure formed by clay particles to improve the structural density and strength of the system.
The flow pattern regulator is selected from high temperature resistant shear-promoting agents; the high-temperature-resistant shear strength improver can be used for improving the structural forming capability and strength of a drilling fluid system and keeping higher shear strength of the drilling fluid system. The high-temperature resistant shear-promoting agent can be prepared by grafting a polymerization monomer onto the surface of an organically modified layer-chain clay mineral. The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) dispersing and dissolving the layer chain clay mineral and the silane coupling agent in water;
(2) adding a polymerization monomer into the mixture obtained in the step (1) under a stirring state, and adjusting the pH value by using alkali;
(3) adding an initiator into the mixture obtained in the step (2), and reacting under the conditions of heating and stirring;
(4) drying and crushing the mixture obtained in the step (3) to obtain the high-temperature-resistant shear strength improving agent;
preferably, the first and second liquid crystal display panels are,
in the step (1), the weight ratio of the layer chain clay mineral to the silane coupling agent is 100 (0.5-3), preferably 100 (1-2); and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the weight ratio of the polymerized monomer to the lamellar chain clay mineral is (5-20): 100, preferably (10-15): 100.
The content of the cutting agent in Chinese patent CN110066644A (application number 201810057876.8) is introduced into the whole content of the high temperature resistant cutting agent.
In the invention, the sea-phase fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system can also comprise an ultrafine plugging agent; the amount of the superfine plugging agent is 40-70 parts by weight based on 1000 parts by weight of water; the superfine plugging agent can contain 2000-mesh superfine calcium carbonate, 1250-mesh superfine calcium carbonate and 800-mesh superfine calcium carbonate; wherein, the 2000-mesh superfine calcium carbonate: 1250 mesh superfine calcium carbonate: the weight portion ratio of the 800-mesh superfine calcium carbonate is (20-30): (10-20): (10-20). The application adopts the ultrafine calcium carbonate with different meshes (particle sizes), so that the ultrafine calcium carbonate can be acted together with clay particles, a water-insoluble treating agent and ground fine rock debris to realize the plugging of micropores and microcracks by the drilling fluid.
In some embodiments of the present application, the aqueous drilling fluid system for a marine fractured zone formation may further comprise an impermeable plugging agent; the amount of the non-permeable plugging agent is 15-35 parts by weight, preferably 20-30 parts by weight, based on 1000 parts by weight of the water; and/or the non-permeable plugging agent is prepared by mixing components of cotton fiber powder, wood fiber powder and mineral fiber with different particle sizes. The non-permeable plugging agent adopts a mixture of various fibers, so that the plugging capability of the drilling fluid on micropores and microcracks is improved, and the self characteristics are utilized to assist in forming a space network structure and strengthen the structural force of a system. Preferably, the cotton fiber powder: wood fiber powder: the weight ratio of the mineral fibers is (1-4): (3-7): (0.5 to 3); preferably (2.5-3.5): (4-6): (1.5-2.5); the particle size range of the cotton fiber powder can be 150-100 mu m, the particle size range of the wood fiber powder can be 75-48 mu m, and the particle size range of the mineral fiber can be 20-15 mu m. And/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the sea-phase fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system can also comprise sodium carbonate and/or caustic soda;
the amount of the sodium carbonate is 3-5 parts by weight based on 1000 parts by weight of the water; the amount of the caustic soda can be 5-8 parts by weight.
Preferably, the marine fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system may comprise the following components in parts by weight: 1000 parts of fresh water, 60-80 parts of bentonite, 3-5 parts of sodium carbonate, 5-8 parts of caustic soda, 3-5 parts of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, 30-50 parts of high temperature resistant shear-improving agent, 5-10 parts of polyanionic cellulose fluid loss agent, 30-40 parts of lignite resin, 30-40 parts of sulfonated phenolic resin, 20-30 parts of sulfonated asphalt product, 20-30 parts of superfine calcium carbonate (2000 meshes), 10-20 parts of superfine calcium carbonate (1250 meshes), 10-20 parts of superfine calcium carbonate (800 meshes) and 20-30 parts of non-permeable plugging agent.
In some embodiments of the present application, a density modifier commonly used in the art, such as barite, which is a weighting material, may be added in an amount adjusted according to the desired density.
The invention discloses a sea-phase fractured zone stratum water-based drilling fluid system which is constructed by aiming at the mechanism and the characteristics of collapse of a stratum well wall in a sea-phase fractured zone. The system is different from the conventional drilling fluid system mainly in that: by utilizing the unique rheological characteristics of the drill bit, the effective rock carrying in the range from low shear rate to high shear rate is realized, the main targets of carrying away and clearing the falling blocks in the area close to the drill bit and the falling blocks in the annular space are taken into consideration, the temperature resistance and the plugging capability are taken into consideration, the phenomenon that the falling blocks are gathered in the immediate vicinity of the drill bit during the drilling process to cause blockage is prevented, the smooth drilling operation is ensured, and the requirement of safe drilling is met.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the marine facies fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system, which comprises the following steps:
mixing the components including the water, bentonite, a polymer treating agent, a temperature and fluid loss resistant agent, a flow pattern regulator and a non-permeable plugging agent.
Specifically, the preparation method of the marine fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing base slurry: adding the bentonite, the sodium carbonate and the caustic soda into water, stirring uniformly, and standing;
(2) adding an anti-temperature drop fluid loss agent: adding the lignite resin, the sulfonated phenolic resin, the polyanionic cellulose fluid loss additive and the sulfonated asphalt, and uniformly stirring;
(3) adding a plugging agent: adding the components including the 2000-mesh superfine calcium carbonate, the 1250-mesh superfine calcium carbonate and the 800-mesh superfine calcium carbonate and the non-permeable plugging agent, and uniformly stirring;
(4) adding a polymer treating agent: adding a high molecular treatment agent, and uniformly stirring;
(5) adding a flow pattern regulator: adding high temperature resistant shear-promoting agent, and stirring. If the density regulator exists, adding the density regulator and stirring. And obtaining the sea-phase fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the water-based drilling fluid system for the sea-phase fractured zone stratum or the water-based drilling fluid system prepared by the preparation method in the sea-phase fractured zone stratum.
The invention mainly aims at the characteristic that the stratum well wall collapses in the sea phase crushing zone, so as to timely carry the falling blocks generated after drilling the stratum in the sea phase crushing zone away from the near drill bit area to achieve the aim of cleaning the well hole, prevent the jamming of the drill bit and a bottom hole drilling tool and cause the jamming accident by effectively removing the rock debris or the falling blocks in the irregular well hole section in the well hole, simultaneously consider temperature resistance and plugging, ensure that the system is kept stable under the high-temperature condition of the deep well, meet the requirement of safe drilling, simultaneously shorten the drilling period and reduce the comprehensive drilling cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a high temperature rheological profile of a marine fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a rheological characterization of the drilling fluids of example 1 and comparative example 1 under low shear rate conditions;
FIG. 3 is a rheological characterization of the drilling fluids of example 1 and comparative example 1 under moderate shear rate conditions;
FIG. 4 is a rheological characterization of the drilling fluids of example 1 and comparative example 1 under high shear rate conditions;
FIG. 5 is the high temperature rheology profile of the marine fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid of example 2;
FIG. 6 is a rheological characterization of the drilling fluids of example 2 and comparative example 2 under low shear rate conditions;
FIG. 7 is a rheological characterization of the drilling fluids of example 2 and comparative example 2 under moderate shear rate conditions;
figure 8 is a rheological characterization of the drilling fluids of example 2 and comparative example 2 under high shear rate conditions.
Detailed Description
While the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, it should be understood that the following examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
Source of raw materials
Polyanion cellulose fluid loss agent, new energy petroleum engineering technology Limited, PAC-LV;
cotton fiber powder, hangzhou high-tech composite limited;
wood fiber powder, hebei stone jiazhuang lingshou mineral limited;
mineral fiber, processing plant for Baisheng mineral products in Hebei Shijiazhuang Lingshu county;
hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, Puyang commercial chemical Co., Ltd;
the preparation method of the high-temperature resistant cutting extraction agent refers to the preparation method of the cutting extraction agent in Chinese patent CN110066644A, and specifically comprises the following steps: adding 20g of attapulgite and 0.3gRH570 g of attapulgite into 100mL of distilled water, stirring at the speed of 300 rpm for 30 minutes, adding 2g of 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid under stirring, adjusting the pH value to 6-7 by using sodium hydroxide, adding 0.02g of ammonium persulfate and 0.02g of sodium bisulfite, heating to 60 ℃, keeping the stirring speed for reaction for 4 hours, and drying and crushing the obtained mixture to obtain the high-temperature resistant shear strength improving agent product for later use.
Other materials are commercially available.
Example 1:
the marine fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid provided by the embodiment comprises the following components: 400g of fresh water, 24g of bentonite, 2g of sodium carbonate, 2g of caustic soda, 12g of lignite resin, 12g of sulfonated phenolic resin, 2g of polyanionic cellulose fluid loss additive, 8g of sulfonated asphalt, 8g (2000 meshes) of superfine calcium carbonate, 4g (1250 meshes) of superfine calcium carbonate, 4g (800 meshes) of superfine calcium carbonate, 8g of non-permeable blocking agent (formed by mixing cotton fiber powder, wood fiber powder and mineral fiber according to the weight ratio of 3: 5: 2), 1.2g of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, 12g of high-temperature resistant cutting agent and 280g of barite. The preparation method of the marine fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing base slurry: adding bentonite, sodium carbonate and caustic soda into fresh water, stirring for 1h by using a high-speed stirrer at 8000-10000 of rotation speed, and standing for prehydration for 24 h.
(2) Adding an anti-temperature drop fluid loss agent: adding the lignite resin, the sulfonated phenolic resin, the polyanionic cellulose fluid loss additive and the sulfonated asphalt in sequence at 3000-4000 rotating speed, and stirring for 20min at 8000-10000 rotating speed after the addition.
(3) Adding a plugging agent: adding the superfine calcium carbonate (2000 meshes), the superfine calcium carbonate (1250 meshes) and the superfine calcium carbonate (800 meshes) in sequence at the rotation speed of 3000 plus 4000, and stirring for 20min at the rotation speed of 8000 plus 10000 after the addition without a permeation plugging agent.
(4) Adding a polymer treating agent: adding hydrolyzed polyacrylamide at 3000-4000 rpm, and stirring at 8000-10000 rpm for 20 min.
(5) Adding a flow pattern regulator: adding the high-temperature resistant shear-promoting agent at the rotation speed of 3000-4000, and stirring for 20min at the rotation speed of 8000-10000 after the addition is finished.
(6) Adding barite: adding weighting material barite under the conditions of 3000 plus 4000 rotating speed and stirring for 1h under the conditions of 8000 plus 10000 rotating speed to obtain the sea-phase fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid.
Comparative example 1:
the conventional polysulfonate drilling fluid formulation used in comparative example 1 included: 400g of fresh water, 24g of bentonite, 2g of sodium carbonate, 2g of caustic soda, 12g of lignite resin, 12g of sulfonated phenolic resin, 2g of polyanionic cellulose fluid loss additive, 8g of sulfonated asphalt, 8g (2000 meshes) of superfine calcium carbonate, 4g (1250 meshes) of superfine calcium carbonate, 4g (800) of superfine calcium carbonate, 1.2g of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and 280g of barite.
The preparation method is the same as that of example 1 except that no permeation blocking agent or high-temperature shear strength improving agent is added, and the conventional polysulfonate drilling fluid of comparative example 1 is prepared.
Performance testing
(1) The basic performance parameters of the marine fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid of example 1 and the conventional polysulfonate drilling fluid of comparative example 1 were tested, and the data analysis is shown in table 1. The testing method is executed according to the performance detection standard of the water-based drilling fluid, and the standard number is as follows: GB/T16783.1-2014.
TABLE 1 rheological Properties parameter comparison after Hot Rolling of Water-based drilling fluids for sea-phase fractured zone formation (Hot Rolling temperature 150 ℃ C.)
(2) The marine fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid of this example 1 was tested for high temperature rheological stability.
The test instrument: a FANN X77 high temperature high pressure rheometer;
the high-temperature rheological parameters of the sea-phase fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid aged for 16 hours at 150 ℃ are measured by using a FANNX 77 high-temperature high-pressure rheometer, and the results are shown in figure 1. Under the test condition of 30MPa, the rheological properties of the sample were measured at 110 deg.C, 130 deg.C and 150 deg.C, respectively. The results in fig. 1 show that the rheological property change is small under the conditions of 130 ℃ and 150 ℃, which indicates that the system has good rheological stability in the temperature range of 110-150 ℃, and meets the requirement of safe drilling of the stratum in the fractured zone.
(3) Evaluation of rock-carrying ability
An experimental instrument: a Qingdao Haitong six-speed rotary viscometer;
a. rheological characterization in Low shear Rate Range
The 3-and 6-revolution readings of the marine fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid of example 1 and the conventional polysulfonate drilling fluid of comparative example 1 were measured using a six-speed rotational viscometer and taken as an indication of rheological properties under low shear rate conditions and compared, and the results are shown in fig. 2.
The experimental result shows that the reading value of the sea-phase fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system under the condition of low shear rate is far higher than that of the conventional polysulfonate drilling fluid system, and the suspension and carrying capacity of the sea-phase fractured zone water-based drilling fluid in the annulus near-borehole wall low-flow-rate area is far higher than that of the conventional polysulfonate drilling fluid system.
b. Medium shear Rate Range rheology characterization
The 300-and 600-revolution readings of the marine fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system of example 1 and the conventional polysulfonate system of comparative example 1 were measured using a six-speed rotational viscometer, respectively, and the plastic viscosity, dynamic shear force and dynamic-plastic ratio were used as characterizations of rheological properties under medium shear rate conditions and compared, and the results are shown in fig. 3.
The experimental result shows that the plastic viscosity and the dynamic shear force of the sea-phase fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system are higher than those of the conventional polysulfonate drilling fluid system under the condition of medium shear rate, and the dynamic-plastic ratio of the sea-phase fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system to the conventional polysulfonate drilling fluid system is also higher than that of the conventional polysulfonate drilling fluid system, so that the structural force of the sea-phase fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system is stronger than that of the conventional polysulfonate drilling fluid system, and the sea-phase fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system is more favorable for suspending and carrying broken blocks.
c. High shear Rate Range rheology characterization
Respectively measuring the readings of 100 revolutions and 600 revolutions of a target system by using a six-speed rotational viscometer, and predicting the limiting viscosity or the water eye viscosity eta by using a Casson rheological mode∞The smaller the value, the more beneficial the hydraulic power is to remove the falling rock or debris near the drill bit, and taucA larger value indicates a stronger structural force of the system. Eta from sea-fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system of example 1 and conventional polysulfonate system of comparative example 1∞At τcAnd comparing, judging the cleaning capacity of the system for the fallen blocks or the rock debris in the near-bit area, and obtaining the result shown in figure 4.
The experimental results show that the water-based drilling fluid system of the sea-phase fractured zone formation is under the condition of high shear rate, namely limiting viscosity or water-hole viscosity eta∞The value is lower than that of the conventional polysulfonate drilling fluid system, which shows that the former is favorable for removing broken blocks or rock debris in the near-bit area, while the former taucThe value is obviously larger than the latter value, which shows that the structural force of the sea-phase fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system is obviously stronger than that of the conventional polysulfonate drilling fluid system.
(4) Evaluation of plugging Properties
An experimental instrument: OFITE roller heating furnace and rock core anti-pollution tester of stone instrument company
The experimental steps are as follows: (1) the marine fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid prepared in example 1 is aged for 16 hours at 150 ℃ for later use. (2) Clamping two glass sheets or stainless steel sheets by using a common clamp, adjusting the clamping state by screwing down the screws until the distance between the two glass sheets or the stainless steel sheets is 20 mu m, putting the glass sheets or the stainless steel sheets into a mold with the diameter of 1 inch (2.54cm) for pouring by using cement, taking out the glass sheets or the stainless steel sheets for later use after solidification, putting the glass sheets or the stainless steel sheets into a rock sample cylinder, adding 5.5MPa of surrounding pressure, and collecting liquid penetrating through the microcracks by using a measuring cylinder at the bottom.
(3) And pouring the aged marine-phase fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid into a drilling fluid cylinder, adding a displacement pressure of 3.5MPa, heating to 150 ℃, and testing for 48 hours.
(4) The liquid that passed through the microfractures was collected. The results are shown in Table 2.
The conventional polysulfonate drilling fluids of comparative example 1 were also tested according to the procedure described above and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 evaluation of plugging performance of water-based drilling fluid for marine fractured zone formation
| Drilling fluid system | Simulated microcrack drainage (mL) |
| Sea-fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid of example 1 | 12.6 |
| Conventional polysulfonate drilling fluids of comparative example 1 | 42.4 |
As can be seen from the results in table 2, the simulated microcrack drainage for the marine fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid of example 1 is much less than the conventional polysulfonate drilling fluid of comparative example 1.
Example 2:
the marine fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid provided by the embodiment comprises the following components: 400g of fresh water, 24g of bentonite, 2g of sodium carbonate, 2g of caustic soda, 16g of lignite resin, 16g of sulfonated phenolic resin, 4g of polyanionic cellulose fluid loss additive, 12g of sulfonated asphalt, 8g (2000 meshes) of superfine calcium carbonate, 4g (1250 meshes) of superfine calcium carbonate, 4g (800 meshes) of superfine calcium carbonate, 12g of non-permeable plugging agent, 2g of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, 20g of high-temperature resistant cutting agent and 280g of barite.
The preparation method of the marine fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing base slurry: adding bentonite, sodium carbonate and caustic soda into fresh water, stirring for 1h by using a high-speed stirrer at 8000-10000 of rotation speed, and standing for prehydration for 24 h.
(2) Adding an anti-temperature drop fluid loss agent: adding the lignite resin, the sulfonated phenolic resin, the polyanionic cellulose fluid loss additive and the sulfonated asphalt in sequence at 3000-4000 rotating speed, and stirring for 20min at 8000-10000 rotating speed after the addition.
(3) Adding a plugging agent: adding the superfine calcium carbonate (2000 meshes), the superfine calcium carbonate (1250 meshes) and the superfine calcium carbonate (800 meshes) in sequence at the rotation speed of 3000 plus 4000, and stirring for 20min at the rotation speed of 8000 plus 10000 after the addition without a permeation plugging agent.
(4) Adding a polymer treating agent: adding hydrolyzed polyacrylamide at 3000-4000 rpm, and stirring at 8000-10000 rpm for 20 min.
(5) Adding a flow pattern regulator: adding the high-temperature resistant shear-promoting agent at the rotation speed of 3000-4000, and stirring for 20min at the rotation speed of 8000-10000 after the addition is finished.
(6) Adding weighting material barite under the conditions of 3000 plus 4000 rotating speed and stirring for 1h under the conditions of 8000 plus 10000 rotating speed to obtain the sea-phase fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid.
Comparative example 2:
comparative example 2 a conventional polysulfonate drilling fluid formulation was used comprising: 400g of fresh water, 24g of bentonite, 2g of sodium carbonate, 2g of caustic soda, 16g of lignite resin, 16g of sulfonated phenolic resin, 4g of polyanionic cellulose fluid loss additive, 12g of sulfonated asphalt, 8g (2000 meshes) of superfine calcium carbonate, 4g (1250 meshes) of superfine calcium carbonate, 4g (800 meshes) of superfine calcium carbonate, 2g of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and 280g of barite.
The preparation method is the same as that of example 2 except that no permeation blocking agent or high-temperature shear strength improving agent is added, and the conventional polysulfonate drilling fluid of comparative example 2 is obtained.
Performance testing
(1) The marine fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid of example 2 and the conventional polysulfonate drilling fluid of comparative example 2 were tested for basic performance parameters and the data analysis is shown in table 3.
Table 3 rheological properties after hot rolling of drilling fluids of example 2 and comparative example 2 parameters comparison (hot rolling temperature 150 ℃)
(2) The marine fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid of this example 2 was tested for high temperature rheological stability.
The test instrument: a FANN X77 high temperature high pressure rheometer;
the marine fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid of example 2 after aging at 150 ℃ for 16h was subjected to high temperature rheological parameter measurement by using a FANNX 77 high temperature and high pressure rheometer, and the results are shown in FIG. 5.
Under the test condition of 30MPa, the rheological properties of the sample were measured at 110 deg.C, 130 deg.C and 150 deg.C, respectively. The results in FIG. 5 show that the rheological property changes are small under the conditions of 130 ℃ and 150 ℃, which indicates that the system has good rheological stability in the range of 110 ℃ and 150 ℃ and meets the requirement of safe drilling of the stratum in the fractured zone.
(3) Evaluation of rock-carrying ability
An experimental instrument: a Qingdao Haitong six-speed rotary viscometer;
a. rheological characterization in Low shear Rate Range
The 3-and 6-revolution readings of the marine fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system of example 2 and the conventional polysulfonate drilling fluid system of comparative example 2 were measured using a six-speed rotational viscometer and used as an indication of the rheological properties at low shear rate and compared, and the results are shown in fig. 6.
The experimental result shows that the reading value of the sea-phase fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system under the condition of low shear rate is far higher than that of the conventional polysulfonate drilling fluid system, and the suspension and carrying capacity of the sea-phase fractured zone water-based drilling fluid in the annulus near-borehole wall low-flow-rate area is far higher than that of the conventional polysulfonate drilling fluid system.
b. Medium shear Rate Range rheology characterization
The 300-and 600-revolution readings of the marine fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system of example 2 and the conventional polysulfonate drilling fluid system of comparative example 2 were measured using a six-speed rotational viscometer, respectively, and the plastic viscosity, dynamic shear force and dynamic plastic ratio were used as characterizations of rheological properties under medium shear rate conditions and compared, and the results are shown in fig. 7.
The experimental result shows that the plastic viscosity and the dynamic shear force of the sea-phase fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system are obviously higher than those of the conventional polysulfonate drilling fluid system under the condition of medium shear rate, and the dynamic-plastic ratio of the sea-phase fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system is also higher than that of the conventional polysulfonate drilling fluid system, so that the structural force of the sea-phase fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system is stronger than that of the conventional polysulfonate drilling fluid system, and the sea-phase fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system is more favorable for suspension and carrying of falling blocks.
c. High shear Rate Range rheology characterization
Respectively measuring the readings of 100 revolutions and 600 revolutions of a target system by using a six-speed rotational viscometer, and predicting the limiting viscosity or the water eye viscosity eta by using a Casson rheological mode∞The smaller the value, the more beneficial the hydraulic power is to remove the falling rock or debris near the drill bit, and taucA larger value indicates a stronger structural force of the system. Eta from marine fracture zone formation water-based drilling fluid system of example 2 to conventional polysulfonate drilling fluid system of comparative example 2∞At τ tocThe comparison is carried out, the cleaning capacity of the system for the fallen blocks or rock debris in the near-bit area is judged, and the result is shown in figure 8.
The experimental results show that the water-based drilling fluid system of the sea-phase fractured zone formation is under the condition of high shear rate, namely limiting viscosity or water-hole viscosity eta∞The value is lower than that of the conventional polysulfonate drilling fluid system, which shows that the former is favorable for removing broken blocks or rock debris in the near-bit area, while the former taucThe value is obviously larger than the latter value, which shows that the structural force of the sea-phase fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system is obviously stronger than that of the conventional polysulfonate drilling fluid system.
(4) Evaluation of plugging Properties
An experimental instrument: OFITE roller heating furnace and rock core anti-pollution tester of stone instrument company
The experimental steps are as follows: (1) the marine fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid prepared in example 2 is aged for 16 hours at 150 ℃ for later use. (2) A self-made micro-crack simulation rock sample with the diameter of 20 mu m (the preparation method of the micro-crack simulation rock sample is the same as that in example 1) is placed into a rock sample cylinder, the confining pressure of 5.5MPa is added, and liquid penetrating through the micro-crack is collected by using a measuring cylinder at the bottom. (3) And pouring the aged marine-phase fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid into a drilling fluid cylinder, adding a displacement pressure of 3.5MPa, heating to 150 ℃, and testing for 48 hours. (4) The liquid that passed through the microfractures was collected.
The results of the experiment conducted in the above procedure were compared with those of the conventional water-based drilling fluid of comparative example 2, see table 4.
TABLE 4 evaluation of plugging performance of water-based drilling fluid for marine fractured zone formation
| Drilling fluid system | Simulated microcrack filtration rate mL |
| Sea-fractured-zone formation water-based drilling fluid of example 2 | 11.8 |
| Conventional polysulfonate drilling fluid of comparative example 2 | 56.8 |
As can be seen from the results in table 4, the simulated microcrack drainage for the marine fractured zone water-based drilling fluids of this example was much less than the conventional polysulfonate drilling fluids of the comparative examples.
The embodiment of the application has obviously better effect than the comparative example, mainly because the embodiment of the application also contains a high-temperature shear-improving agent and a non-permeable blocking agent, wherein the high-temperature shear-improving agent can enable the system to maintain stronger structural force and structure forming capability under the conditions of high shear rate and low shear rate, and the non-permeable blocking agent can not only improve the blocking capability of the system, but also can assist in improving the structure forming capability of the system.
Example 3:
a certain well in the northward direction is a deep exploration well deployed in the northwest oil zone of China, the well drills a stratum meeting a sea facies fracture zone near the well depth of 8050 m, the geology is divided into a eagle mountain group stratum, the lithology is gray dolomite and dolomite, and the bottom temperature is 148 ℃. When the polysulfonate drilling fluid system is adopted in the process of drilling in a stratum with a broken zone, a large amount of blocks fall off due to instantaneous instability of a well wall, the situation of jamming while drilling occurs, and the risk of jamming is greatly increased. Then pumping high-viscosity thick slurry for many times, cleaning the well hole by matching with a large-displacement circulation mode, and recovering drilling after a large amount of returned blocks fall off. The phenomena of frequent jamming and stopping of the drilling tool and difficult drilling and tripping still occur in the process of continuous drilling, so that the drilling time is greatly reduced, the drilling period is prolonged, and the drilling cost is increased. And then converting the polysulfonate drilling fluid system into a sea-phase fractured zone stratum water-based drilling fluid system at 8350 meters, and adding the sea-phase fractured zone stratum water-based drilling fluid system which is prepared by the components and the preparation method of the application example 1 and contains the components such as the high-temperature resistant shear-improving agent, the superfine calcium carbonate with different meshes, the non-permeable plugging agent and the like, so that the viscosity and the shear force of the drilling fluid are improved, the 3-turn and 6-turn reading values are greatly improved, and the plugging capability of the system is enhanced while the temperature resistance of the system is maintained. Although a lot of falling blocks still return from the ground vibrating screen in the subsequent drilling process, the phenomenon of blocking while drilling and during drilling before a conversion system does not occur, the phenomenon of jamming disappears, the drilling is started and stopped smoothly, and the reason is that the sea-phase fractured zone stratum water-based drilling fluid ensures that the falling blocks instantaneously generated by the fractured zone stratum are carried away from a drill bit area in time. Finally, the well is drilled to 8450m smoothly, no complex accident occurs in the later period, and the well is completed smoothly.
Claims (10)
1. A sea-phase fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system comprises the following components in parts by weight:
1000 parts by weight of water, and a solvent,
50 to 80 parts by weight of bentonite, preferably 60 to 70 parts by weight,
1 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 3 to 5 parts by weight of a polymer treating agent,
60-120 parts by weight of temperature-resistant fluid loss agent, preferably 85-120 parts by weight,
20-50 parts by weight of flow pattern regulator, preferably 30-50 parts by weight.
2. The marine fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system of claim 1, wherein:
the temperature-resistant fluid loss agent comprises the following components in parts by weight:
20-40 parts of lignite resin, preferably 30-40 parts;
20-40 parts of sulfonated phenolic resin, preferably 30-40 parts;
3-10 parts of polyanionic cellulose fluid loss agent, preferably 5-10 parts;
17-30 parts of sulfonated asphalt, preferably 20-30 parts.
3. The marine fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system of claim 1, wherein:
the high molecular treating agent is at least one of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and potassium polyacrylate.
4. The marine fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system of claim 1, wherein:
the flow pattern regulator is selected from high temperature resistant shear-promoting agents; wherein the high temperature resistant shear strength improving agent is prepared by grafting a polymerization monomer onto the surface of the organically modified layer chain clay mineral; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) dispersing and dissolving the layer chain clay mineral and the silane coupling agent in water;
(2) adding a polymerization monomer into the mixture obtained in the step (1), and adjusting the pH value by using alkali;
(3) adding an initiator into the mixture obtained in the step (2), and reacting under the conditions of heating and stirring;
(4) drying and crushing the mixture obtained in the step (3) to obtain the high-temperature-resistant shear strength improving agent;
preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal,
in the step (1), the weight ratio of the layer chain clay mineral to the silane coupling agent is 100 (0.5-3), preferably 100 (1-2); and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the weight ratio of the polymerized monomer to the lamellar chain clay mineral is (5-20): 100, preferably (10-15): 100.
5. The marine fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system of claim 1, comprising an ultra-fine plugging agent;
the amount of the superfine plugging agent is 40-70 parts by weight based on 1000 parts by weight of water;
the superfine plugging agent comprises 2000-mesh superfine calcium carbonate, 1250-mesh superfine calcium carbonate and 800-mesh superfine calcium carbonate; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
2000 mesh superfine calcium carbonate: 1250 mesh superfine calcium carbonate: the weight portion ratio of the 800-mesh superfine calcium carbonate is (20-30): (10-20): (10-20).
6. The marine fractured zone formation aqueous drilling fluid system of claim 1, comprising an impermeable plugging agent;
the amount of the non-permeable plugging agent is 15-35 parts by weight, preferably 20-30 parts by weight, based on 1000 parts by weight of the water; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the non-permeable plugging agent comprises cotton fiber powder, wood fiber powder and mineral fiber with different particle sizes which are mixed;
wherein the cotton fiber powder: wood fiber powder: the weight ratio of the mineral fibers is (1-4): (3-7): (0.5 to 3); preferably (2.5-3.5): (4-6): (1.5-2.5);
the particle size range of the cotton fiber powder is 150-100 mu m, the particle size range of the wood fiber powder is 75-48 mu m, and the particle size range of the mineral fiber is 20-15 mu m.
7. The marine fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system of claim 1, characterized by comprising sodium carbonate and/or caustic soda;
based on 1000 parts by weight of the water,
the using amount of the sodium carbonate is 3-5 parts by weight; the amount of the caustic soda is 5-8 parts by weight.
8. The method for preparing the marine fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
mixing the components including the water, bentonite, the polymer treating agent, the temperature-resistant fluid loss agent and the flow pattern regulator.
9. The method of preparing a marine fractured zone formation water-based drilling fluid system of claim 8, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing base slurry: adding the bentonite into water, stirring uniformly, and standing;
(2) adding an anti-temperature drop fluid loss agent: adding the lignite resin, the sulfonated phenolic resin, the polyanionic cellulose fluid loss additive and the sulfonated asphalt, and uniformly stirring;
(3) adding a polymer treating agent: adding a high molecular treatment agent, and uniformly stirring;
(4) adding a flow pattern regulator: adding flow pattern regulator and stirring.
10. Use of the aqueous drilling fluid system for marine fractured-zone formations according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or the aqueous drilling fluid system prepared by the preparation method according to claim 8 or 9 in marine fractured-zone formations.
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