CN114436897A - Preparation method and preparation device of p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate - Google Patents

Preparation method and preparation device of p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate Download PDF

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CN114436897A
CN114436897A CN202210086726.6A CN202210086726A CN114436897A CN 114436897 A CN114436897 A CN 114436897A CN 202210086726 A CN202210086726 A CN 202210086726A CN 114436897 A CN114436897 A CN 114436897A
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condenser
reaction
distillation tower
product
solvent
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夏剑锋
夏晨东
陈国全
陈映波
冯洪伟
麻海丽
樊晓园
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Upchem China Co ltd
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C263/00Preparation of derivatives of isocyanic acid
    • C07C263/10Preparation of derivatives of isocyanic acid by reaction of amines with carbonyl halides, e.g. with phosgene
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C263/00Preparation of derivatives of isocyanic acid
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    • C07C263/20Separation; Purification

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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method and a preparation device of p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate, which prepares p-trifluoroanisidine and a solvent into a solution for standby; adding solid phosgene and a solvent into a reaction kettle; dripping a p-trifluoromethoxyaniline solution at the temperature of 80-130 ℃, wherein the dripping time is 0.5-2 h, and carrying out reflux heat preservation for 0.5-2 h; the reaction process is monitored by a DCS control system; obtaining reaction mixed liquid; the product is purified by adopting a continuous distillation mode, the yield of the product reaches 96 percent, and the product content is more than or equal to 99.5 percent. The preparation device comprises a mixing kettle, a reaction kettle, a distillation tower, a first condenser, a second condenser, a vacuum unit and a product storage tank; the top, the middle part and the bottom of the distillation tower are respectively provided with component outlets with different boiling points. The invention adopts a green process to prepare the p-trifluoro-methoxyphenyl isocyanate, and the measurement, the transportation and the operation parameters of the materials are controlled by DCS; the one-step synthesis is adopted, the reaction is stable, and the side reaction is less; continuous distillation purification is adopted, and the product quality and yield are high.

Description

Preparation method and preparation device of p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method and a preparation device of p-trifluoro-methoxyphenyl isocyanate, belonging to the field of chemical equipment.
Background
The p-trifluoromethoxyl isocyanate is an important intermediate of medicines, pesticides and high polymer materials, and is widely applied to synthesis of medicines and pesticide compounds. The p-trifluoromethoxyisocyanate can be synthesized by reacting p-trifluoromethoxyaniline and solid phosgene in an inert solvent medium by a one-step method, for example, Chinese patent CN107540573A discloses a p-trifluoromethoxyisocyanate production process, wherein a metered organic solvent, namely m-xylene, is added into a reaction kettle, solid phosgene is added through a feeding hole, p-amino trifluoromethoxybenzene is dropwise added at a temperature of about 80 ℃, the dropwise adding speed is controlled, and the reaction time is 4 hours; the feeding molar ratio of the p-amino trifluoromethoxybenzene to the phosgene is 1: 1.019; after hydrogen chloride gas generated in the synthesis process is absorbed by a 2-stage water falling film absorption device and an acid gas absorption device, the generated hydrochloric acid is sold or used by oneself as a byproduct; discharging unabsorbed hydrogen chloride gas through an exhaust funnel; after the reaction is finished, blowing off harmful gas by nitrogen (3h), desolventizing and rectifying to obtain a pure product; phosgene generated by purging is absorbed by a falling film absorption device, an alkali destruction device and an acid gas absorption device and then is discharged; in the solvent recovery process, the distillation temperature is controlled to be 90-115 ℃, and the distillation time is 10 h; emptying the m-xylene distillation tower and the receiving tank, cooling and buffering by a two-stage cold well, collecting a small amount of m-xylene waste gas, and then performing inorganically-discharged tail gas absorption system, wherein the solvent recovery rate is 99.72%; rectifying for 6 hours at the temperature of 115-130 ℃; and a water ring vacuum pump is adopted for rectification, the exhaust of the vacuum pump enters the water ring vacuum pump, and the drained water enters a sewage treatment station for treatment.
In recent years, non-phosgenation of isocyanate synthesis has been a new technological development trend. The reaction activity of the solid phosgene is similar to that of phosgene and diphosgene, and the solid phosgene can replace phosgene, diphosgene and various compounds such as alcohol, aldehyde, amine, amide, carboxylic acid, phenol, hydroxylamine and the like to react. The solid phosgene is soluble in organic solvents such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, benzene, hexane, chloroform and the like, is stable at room temperature, has high thermal stability, and is decomposed only in a very small amount even at the distillation temperature, so that the solid phosgene is extremely safe in the transportation and use processes. In the Chinese invention patent CN1475480A, aromatic amine and solid phosgene are used as raw materials to prepare aryl isocyanate through catalytic reaction in an organic solvent, and the reaction yield is generally over 80 percent. But in the reaction process, catalysts such as triethylamine, pyridine, N-methylpyrrole or tetrabutyl urea and the like are used, so that the difficulty of post-treatment is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention mainly aims to provide a preparation method and a preparation device of p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate, which adopt a green process to prepare the p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate, adopt low-toxicity chemical solid phosgene and a solvent from the source, and adopt DCS to control the metering, conveying and operating parameters of materials; the synthesis process adopts a one-step method to synthesize, so that the reaction stability is improved, and the side reaction is reduced; the product purification adopts a continuous distillation technology, and the product quality and the yield are improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows: a preparation method of p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate mainly comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly mixing p-trifluoromethoxyaniline and a solvent in a mixing kettle according to a certain mass ratio to prepare a p-trifluoromethoxyaniline solution for later use;
2) adding solid phosgene and a solvent in a certain mass ratio into a reaction kettle, and heating to dissolve;
3) when the temperature in the reaction kettle reaches 80-130 ℃, dropwise adding the p-trifluoromethoxybenzene solution prepared in the step 1) into the reaction kettle, so that p-trifluoromethoxyaniline and solid phosgene generate an unstable intermediate product p-trifluoromethoxybenzene carbamoyl chloride in a solvent medium, and removing hydrogen chloride from the intermediate product p-trifluoromethoxybenzene carbamoyl chloride to obtain p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate; the dripping time is 0.5-2 h, and the reflux and heat preservation are carried out for 0.5-2 h after the dripping is finished; the reaction process is monitored by a DCS control system; obtaining reaction mixed liquor containing the product p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate;
4) the reaction mixed solution of the p-trifluoro-methoxyphenyl isocyanate is purified by adopting a distillation mode, high-boiling-point byproducts, products and low-boiling-point byproducts are separated, the product yield reaches 96 percent, and the product content is more than or equal to 99.5 percent.
Further, in the mixing kettle, the mass ratio of the p-trifluoromethoxyaniline to the solvent is 1: 4-7; in the reaction kettle, the mass ratio of the solid phosgene to the solvent is 1: 2-5; the molar ratio of the p-trifluoromethoxyaniline to the solid phosgene is 1: 0.34 to 0.5.
Further, the solvent is any one of toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene.
Further, the reaction mixed liquid of the p-trifluoro-methoxyphenyl isocyanate is purified by adopting a continuous distillation mode, the reaction mixed liquid is injected into a distillation tower, and the distillation tower adopts a mode of bottom reflux and top solvent flushing to ensure that a high-boiling point byproduct, a product and a low-boiling point byproduct are separated in the same distillation tower.
Furthermore, the low-boiling-point byproducts separated from the distillation tower comprise a solvent and low-boiling-point reaction byproducts, and the separated solvent can be used as an eluent of the distillation tower and is pumped back to the top of the distillation tower for continuous utilization, so that the separation and purification effects are improved.
A preparation device of p-trifluoro-methoxyphenyl isocyanate comprises a mixing kettle, a reaction kettle, a distillation tower, a first condenser, a second condenser, a product storage tank and a vacuum unit; the discharge hole of the mixing kettle is connected with the feed inlet of the reaction kettle through a first metering pump, the discharge hole of the reaction kettle is connected with the feed inlet of the distillation tower, and the top, the middle and the bottom of the distillation tower are respectively provided with a low-boiling point byproduct outlet, a product outlet and a high-boiling point byproduct outlet; the low-boiling-point byproduct outlet is sequentially connected with the first condenser and the second condenser, and the second condenser is connected with the vacuum unit; the product outlet is connected with the product storage tank.
Further, the distillation column comprises a first packing zone, a second packing zone and a bottom heating zone from top to bottom, and the product outlet is arranged between the first packing zone and the second packing zone; the feed inlet of the distillation column is arranged above the first packing area.
Further, the bottom heating zone is connected with a reboiler; the bottom heating zone is provided with a feed back port, and the feed back port is connected to a feed back inlet between a first packing zone and a second packing zone in the middle of the distillation tower through a pipeline; the feed back inlet and the product outlet are arranged on two opposite sides.
Furthermore, the end part of the feed inlet of the distillation tower is provided with a spray header, and the reaction mixed liquid in the reaction kettle is sprayed into the top of the distillation tower through the spray header.
Further, a gas phase outlet of the first condenser is connected with a feed inlet of the second condenser; a liquid phase outlet of the second condenser is connected with a feeding hole at the top of the distillation tower through a second metering pump; condensing coils are longitudinally arranged in the first condenser and the second condenser, and condensing media are introduced into the condensing coils; and the first condenser and the second condenser are both provided with exhaust ports.
The working principle of the preparation method and the preparation device is as follows: firstly, preparing a certain amount of p-trifluoromethoxyaniline and a solvent into a p-trifluoromethoxyaniline solution in a mixing kettle, adding a certain amount of solid phosgene and the solvent into a reaction kettle, and heating to dissolve; and then, the prepared p-trifluoromethoxyaniline solution is dropwise added into the reaction kettle in a timed and quantitative manner through a first metering pump, so that the p-trifluoromethoxyaniline reacts with the solid phosgene in the reaction kettle, and the solid phosgene is always excessive in the reaction process, thereby being beneficial to improving the reaction efficiency and reducing the occurrence of side reactions. The reaction mixed liquid in the reaction kettle is conveyed to the top of a distillation tower through a pipeline and is sprayed in through a spray header, the reaction mixed liquid is separated according to the boiling point in the distillation tower, low-boiling-point byproducts (including a solvent and the low-boiling-point reaction byproducts generated by the reaction) enter a first condenser from a low-boiling-point byproduct outlet at the top of the distillation tower, the low-boiling-point reaction byproducts generated by the reaction with relatively high boiling point are condensed and collected in the first condenser, the solvent with relatively low boiling point continuously enters a second condenser in a gas phase mode and is condensed and collected in the second condenser; the recovered solvent collected in the second condenser is regularly and quantitatively fed to a feeding hole at the top of the distillation tower through a second metering pump, and is sprayed into the distillation tower from a spray header to further elute a packing area in the distillation tower, so that the separation and purification effect of the product is better, and the yield is higher. The bottom of distillation column is the bottom heating zone, heats through the reboiler, and the reaction mixed liquid in the bottom heating zone is mainly high boiling accessory substance and a small amount of product, and the bottom heating zone is equipped with the feed back mouth, can beat the mixed liquid in the bottom heating zone back to the distillation column middle part and continue the separation, further improves the separation and purification effect between high boiling accessory substance and the product, increases the yield.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the preparation method and the preparation device of the p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate provided by the invention have the advantages that the p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate is prepared by adopting a green process, low-toxicity chemical solid phosgene and solvents (such as toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene) are adopted from the source, and the measurement, the transportation and the operation parameters of materials are controlled by DCS; the synthesis process adopts a one-step method to synthesize, so that the reaction stability is improved, and the side reaction is reduced; the product purification adopts a continuous distillation technology, the separated solvent is pumped back to the top of the distillation tower to serve as an eluent, and the reaction liquid at the bottom of the distillation tower is pumped back to the middle of the distillation tower for further separation, so that the product quality and the yield are improved. The yield of the p-trifluoro-methoxyphenyl isocyanate prepared by the preparation method and the preparation device provided by the invention can reach 96%, and the product content is more than or equal to 99.5%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate preparation device provided by the invention.
Wherein, 1-mixing kettle; 2-a first metering pump; 3-a reaction kettle; 4-a first packing region; 5-a feed back inlet; 6-a second packing region; 7-bottom heating zone; 8-high boiling point by-product outlet; 9-a feed back port; 10-a reboiler; 11-a product outlet; 12-a distillation column; 13-a shower head; 14-low boiling by-product outlet; 15-product storage tank; 16-a condenser coil; 17-a first condenser; 18-an exhaust port; 19-a second condenser; 20-a vacuum unit; 21-second metering pump.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples. These examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A production method of p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate mainly comprises the following steps: 1) p-trifluoromethoxyaniline and xylene are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1:4, uniformly mixing in the mixing kettle 1 to prepare a p-trifluoromethoxyaniline solution for later use; 2) adding a mixture of 1: 2, heating and dissolving the solid phosgene and the dimethylbenzene; 3) when the temperature in the reaction kettle 3 reaches 100-110 ℃, dropwise adding the p-trifluoromethoxybenzene solution prepared in the step 1) into the reaction kettle 3, so that p-trifluoromethoxyaniline and solid phosgene generate an unstable intermediate product p-trifluoromethoxybenzene carbamoyl chloride in a solvent medium, and removing hydrogen chloride from the intermediate product p-trifluoromethoxybenzene carbamoyl chloride to obtain p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate; the molar ratio of the p-trifluoromethoxyaniline to the solid phosgene is 1: 0.34; the dripping time is 2 hours, and the reflux and heat preservation are carried out for 2 hours after the dripping is finished; the reaction process is monitored by a DCS control system; obtaining reaction mixed liquor containing the product p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate; 4) and (2) purifying the reaction mixed solution of the p-trifluoro-methoxyphenyl isocyanate by adopting a continuous distillation mode, separating high-boiling-point byproducts, products and low-boiling-point byproducts, wherein the product yield is 93.5%, and the product content is more than or equal to 99.1%.
In order to match the production method of the invention, the invention also designs a preparation device of the p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate, which is shown in figure 1. The preparation device comprises a mixing kettle 1, a reaction kettle 3, a distillation tower 12, a first condenser 17, a second condenser 19, a product storage tank 15 and a vacuum unit 20; the discharge gate of mixing cauldron 1 through first measuring pump 2 with reation kettle 3's feed inlet links to each other, reation kettle 3's discharge gate with distillation column 12's feed inlet links to each other, the tip of distillation column 12 feed inlet is shower head 13, the reaction mixture liquid in the reation kettle 3 warp shower head 13 spouts into distillation column 12 top. The top, the middle part and the bottom of the distillation tower 12 are respectively provided with a low-boiling point byproduct outlet 14, a product outlet 11 and a high-boiling point byproduct outlet 8; the low-boiling point byproduct outlet 14 is sequentially connected with the first condenser 17 and the second condenser 19, and the second condenser 19 is connected with the vacuum unit 20; the product outlet 11 is connected to the product reservoir 15.
The distillation column 12 comprises a first packing area 4, a second packing area 6 and a bottom heating area 7 from top to bottom, and the product outlet 11 is arranged between the first packing area 4 and the second packing area 6; the feed inlet of the distillation column 12 is located above the first packing section 4. The bottom heating zone 7 is connected with a reboiler 10; the bottom heating zone 7 is provided with a feed back port 9, and the feed back port 9 is connected to a feed back inlet 5 between the first packing zone 4 and the second packing zone 6 in the middle of the distillation tower 12 through a pipeline; the feed back inlet 5 and the product outlet 11 are arranged on two opposite sides.
The gas phase outlet of the first condenser 17 is connected with the feed inlet of the second condenser 19; the liquid phase outlet of the second condenser 19 is connected with the feed inlet at the top of the distillation tower 12 through a second metering pump 21; a condensing coil 16 is longitudinally arranged in each of the first condenser 17 and the second condenser 19, and a condensing medium is introduced into each condensing coil 16; the first condenser 17 and the second condenser 19 are both provided with exhaust ports 18.
Example 2
A production method of p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate comprises the following steps of mixing p-trifluoroanisidine and xylene in a mass ratio of 1:5, the mass ratio of the solid phosgene to the dimethylbenzene is 1:3, and the mass ratio of the p-trifluoromethoxyaniline to the solid phosgene is 1: 0.4. The rest is the same as example 1. The production apparatus was the same as in example 1. The yield of the prepared p-trifluoro-methoxyphenyl isocyanate is 93.8 percent, and the product content is more than or equal to 99.2 percent.
Example 3
A production method of p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate comprises the following steps of mixing p-trifluoroanisidine and xylene in a mass ratio of 1: 6, the mass ratio of the solid phosgene to the dimethylbenzene is 1:4, and the mass ratio of the aniline to the solid phosgene is 1: 0.5. The rest is the same as example 1. The production apparatus was the same as in example 1. The yield of the prepared p-trifluoro-methoxyphenyl isocyanate is 96 percent, and the product content is more than or equal to 99.5 percent.
Example 4
A production method of p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate comprises the following steps of mixing p-trifluoroanisidine and xylene in a mass ratio of 1: 7, the mass ratio of the solid phosgene to the dimethylbenzene is 1:5, and the mass ratio of the p-trifluoromethoxyaniline to the solid phosgene is 1: 0.5. The rest is the same as example 1. The production apparatus was the same as in example 1. The yield of the prepared p-trifluoro-methoxyphenyl isocyanate is 95.5 percent, and the product content is more than or equal to 99.5 percent.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, therefore, all equivalent technical solutions also belong to the scope of the invention, and the scope of the invention is defined by the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps:
1) uniformly mixing p-trifluoromethoxyaniline and a solvent in a mixing kettle according to a certain mass ratio to prepare a p-trifluoromethoxyaniline solution for later use;
2) adding solid phosgene and a solvent in a certain mass ratio into a reaction kettle, and heating to dissolve;
3) when the temperature in the reaction kettle reaches 80-130 ℃, dropwise adding the p-trifluoromethoxybenzene solution prepared in the step 1) into the reaction kettle, so that p-trifluoromethoxyaniline and solid phosgene generate an unstable intermediate product p-trifluoromethoxybenzene carbamoyl chloride in a solvent medium, and removing hydrogen chloride from the intermediate product p-trifluoromethoxybenzene carbamoyl chloride to obtain p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate; the dripping time is 0.5-2 h, and the reflux and heat preservation are carried out for 0.5-2 h after the dripping is finished; the reaction process is monitored by a DCS control system; obtaining reaction mixed liquor containing the product p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate;
4) the reaction mixed solution of the p-trifluoro-methoxyphenyl isocyanate is purified by adopting a distillation mode, high-boiling-point byproducts, products and low-boiling-point byproducts are separated, the product yield reaches 96 percent, and the product content is more than or equal to 99.5 percent.
2. The process for producing p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate, according to claim 1, wherein: in the mixing kettle, the mass ratio of the p-trifluoromethoxyaniline to the solvent is 1: 4-7; in the reaction kettle, the mass ratio of the solid phosgene to the solvent is 1: 2-5; the molar ratio of the p-trifluoromethoxyaniline to the solid phosgene is 1: 0.34 to 0.5.
3. The process for producing p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate, according to claim 1, wherein: the solvent is any one of toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene.
4. The process for producing p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate, according to claim 1, wherein: the reaction mixed liquid of the p-trifluoro-methoxyphenyl isocyanate is purified by adopting a continuous distillation mode, the reaction mixed liquid is injected into a distillation tower, and the distillation tower adopts a mode of bottom reflux and top solvent flushing to ensure that high-boiling-point byproducts, products and low-boiling-point byproducts are separated in the same distillation tower.
5. The process for producing p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate, according to claim 1 or 4, wherein: the low-boiling-point by-products separated from the distillation tower comprise a solvent and low-boiling-point reaction by-products, and the separated solvent can be used as an eluent of the distillation tower and is pumped back to the top of the distillation tower for continuous utilization, so that the separation and purification effects are improved.
6. A production apparatus of p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate, according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the preparation device comprises a mixing kettle, a reaction kettle, a distillation tower, a first condenser, a second condenser, a product storage tank and a vacuum unit; the discharge hole of the mixing kettle is connected with the feed inlet of the reaction kettle through a first metering pump, the discharge hole of the reaction kettle is connected with the feed inlet of the distillation tower, and the top, the middle and the bottom of the distillation tower are respectively provided with a low-boiling point byproduct outlet, a product outlet and a high-boiling point byproduct outlet; the low-boiling-point byproduct outlet is sequentially connected with the first condenser and the second condenser, and the second condenser is connected with the vacuum unit; the product outlet is connected with the product storage tank.
7. The apparatus for producing p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate according to claim 6, wherein: the distillation column comprises a first packing area, a second packing area and a bottom heating area from top to bottom, and the product outlet is arranged between the first packing area and the second packing area; the feed inlet of the distillation column is arranged above the first packing area.
8. The apparatus for producing p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate according to claim 6, wherein: the bottom heating zone is connected with a reboiler; the bottom heating zone is provided with a feed back port, and the feed back port is connected to a feed back inlet between a first packing zone and a second packing zone in the middle of the distillation tower through a pipeline; the feed back inlet and the product outlet are arranged on two opposite sides.
9. The apparatus for producing p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate according to claim 6, wherein: the end part of the feed inlet of the distillation tower is provided with a spray header, and the reaction mixed liquid in the reaction kettle is sprayed into the top of the distillation tower through the spray header.
10. The apparatus for producing p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate according to claim 6, wherein: the gas phase outlet of the first condenser is connected with the feed inlet of the second condenser; a liquid phase outlet of the second condenser is connected with a feeding hole at the top of the distillation tower through a second metering pump; a condensing coil is longitudinally arranged in each of the first condenser and the second condenser, and a condensing medium is introduced into each condensing coil; and the first condenser and the second condenser are both provided with exhaust ports.
CN202210086726.6A 2022-01-25 2022-01-25 Preparation method and preparation device of p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl isocyanate Pending CN114436897A (en)

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