CN114432888A - Method for separating isotope by coupling pressure and electric field force - Google Patents
Method for separating isotope by coupling pressure and electric field force Download PDFInfo
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- CN114432888A CN114432888A CN202210143956.1A CN202210143956A CN114432888A CN 114432888 A CN114432888 A CN 114432888A CN 202210143956 A CN202210143956 A CN 202210143956A CN 114432888 A CN114432888 A CN 114432888A
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D59/00—Separation of different isotopes of the same chemical element
- B01D59/50—Separation involving two or more processes covered by different groups selected from groups B01D59/02, B01D59/10, B01D59/20, B01D59/22, B01D59/28, B01D59/34, B01D59/36, B01D59/38, B01D59/44
Abstract
A method for separating isotopes by coupling pressure and electric field force relates to the field of mixed gas separation. Isotopic elements with different atomic weights are transported in the membrane in a solution ion form under the driving of voltage and air pressure; applying pressure and electric field force in opposite directions to two ends of the membrane, and adjusting the voltage and the pressure to obtain the optimal separation effect; if more isotopes to be separated enter the other side of the membrane, selective separation is obtained; purification is achieved if the isotopes to be separated are left more on one side of the membrane. Different isotopes have different atomic weights, different forces under the electric field and the pressure field, and different accelerations in the fluid. By adjusting and optimizing the reverse pressure and the electric field force at two ends of the membrane, the isotopes to be separated have different motion states in transmembrane transport, and the isotopes are separated to the maximum extent. Can be applied to various isotope separation processes. Low cost, simple and convenient and high practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mixed gas separation, in particular to a method for separating isotopes by coupling pressure and electric field force.
Background
Separation of isotopes from solution systems is a very important technical approach. With the improvement of isotope measurement accuracy, it has been widely used in aerospace, metallurgy, ceramics, glass, environmental and nuclear industries.
Lithium (Li) has two stable isotopes, 6Li and 7Li, in nature, with natural abundances of 7.42% and 92.58%, respectively, which have extremely important roles in the field of nuclear energy. The single-stage separation method of lithium isotopes is various and can be divided into a chemical method and a physical method, wherein the chemical method comprises a lithium amalgam exchange method, an ion exchange chromatography method, an extraction method and the like; physical methods include electromagnetic methods, electron transfer, molecular distillation, laser separation, and the like. The physical method is not suitable for industrial production due to the characteristics of expensive production equipment, harsh production conditions, high energy consumption, small yield and the like. The separation of lithium isotopes by the lithium amalgam method has the great disadvantage that a large amount of mercury metal is used in the separation process to cause ecological environment and safety problems. Chinese patent CN201310700494.X discloses a lithium isotope separation method and a single-stage separation coefficient determination method thereof, which utilize a graphite-organic electrolyte system to realize lithium isotope separation, and comprises three steps of oxidation-reduction reaction, isotope exchange reaction and lithium isotope separation.
The nuclide of cesium (Cs) includes Cs-137, Cs-133, Cs-134, Cs-135, etc.; chinese patent CN201180019616.8 discloses a method for isotope-specific separation and vitrification using ion-specific media, separating radioactive waste into solid waste and liquid waste containing radioactive isotopes; passing the liquid waste containing the radioisotopes through an inlet tube of an ion exchange column, through a dip tube oriented in a generally vertical direction within the ion exchange column, and pushing the distributed liquid waste through a medium contained within the ion exchange column to capture one or more radioisotopes from the liquid waste; the liquid waste containing the reduced amount of radioisotope is discharged from the ion exchange column through an outlet tube.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for separating isotopes by coupling pressure and electric field force, which is low in cost, simple and high in practicability by realizing isotope separation in an electrolyte solution through a permeable membrane or a porous membrane.
In a solution system, the invention realizes the separation of different isotopes by respectively applying reverse pressure and electric field force to two sides of a permeable membrane, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1) isotopic elements with different atomic weights are transported in the membrane in a solution ion form under the driving of voltage and air pressure;
2) applying pressure and electric field force in opposite directions to two ends of the membrane, and adjusting the voltage and the pressure to obtain the optimal separation effect; if more isotopes to be separated enter the other side of the membrane, selective separation is obtained; purification is achieved if the isotopes to be separated are left more on one side of the membrane.
In the step 1), the isotopic elements with different atomic weights comprise lithium isotopes 6Li and 7Li, cesium isotopes 133Cs and 137Cs and the like; the membrane is a permeable membrane or a porous membrane, and the membrane may be selected from a semi-permeable membrane, a reverse osmosis membrane, a nano-porous membrane, and the like, so as to allow a solvent and ions to pass therethrough.
In the step 2), pressure and electric field force in opposite directions are applied to the two ends of the membrane, different isotopes have different speeds in pore channels of the membrane due to different atomic weights of the different isotopes and different accelerations obtained under the driving of the pressure and the electric field force, and the different isotopes have different motion states in transmembrane transport; different motion states include magnitude, direction, etc. of speed;
the pressure value of the pressure is 0.1-10 MPa; when the separation factor is maximum, corresponding to an optimized pressure; the voltage value of the electric field force is 1 mV-50V; when the separation factor is maximum, the voltage corresponds to an optimized voltage; the optimal voltage and pressure matching can obviously improve the separation ratio of the isotopes.
The object of the invention is to separate different isotopes in a solution; the invention realizes isotope separation in a solution system by utilizing pressure and electric field force coupling through a permeable membrane or a porous membrane. Due to the different atomic weights of different isotopes, the forces experienced under the electric and pressure fields are different, resulting in different accelerations in the fluid. By adjusting and optimizing the reverse pressure and the electric field force at two ends of the membrane, the isotopes to be separated have different motion states in transmembrane transport, so that the isotopes are separated to the maximum extent. The invention is applicable to a variety of isotope separation processes. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the main characteristics of low cost, simplicity and high practicability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a typical apparatus structure employed in the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the principle of isotope-selective transport occurring within the nanochannels of the porous membrane of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical method in the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiment of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the schematic drawings, and when the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, the schematic drawings are only examples for convenience of description, and should not limit the protection scope of the present invention:
the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
1) separating different isotope elements in the form of solution ions; isotope ions with different atomic weights are transported in the membrane under the driving of voltage and air pressure;
2) by applying pressure and electric field force in opposite directions at two ends of the membrane, the acceleration applied under the coupling action of the electric field and the pressure field is different due to different atomic weights of different isotopes, so that the speed in the pore channel of the membrane is different, and different isotopes have different motion states;
3) by controlling the coordination of voltage and pressure, the isotope to be separated and purified has different motion states including the magnitude and direction of speed and the like with other element ions;
4) selective separation is obtained by letting more isotopes to be separated enter the other side of the membrane; or more isotopes to be separated are left on one side of the membrane to realize purification;
5) the optimal separation effect can be obtained by adjusting the voltage and the pressure; the optimal voltage and pressure matching can obviously improve the separation ratio of the isotopes.
FIG. 1 is a typical apparatus structure used in the method of the present invention, which is mainly composed of a pressure system, a voltage system, a nanoporous membrane and a space for holding a solution; the pressurizing device of the pressure system provides pressure for the air pressure 1 and the air pressure 2; the power-on voltage device of the voltage system provides a set of voltages for voltage 1 and voltage 2; the spaces for containing the solution are respectively arranged at the two sides of the nano porous membrane.
The pressure system is formed by a pressure gradient between the gas pressure 1 and the gas pressure 2 on both sides of the membrane.
The voltage system (power supply system) is to connect voltage 1 and voltage 2 and insert them into the pores of the electrolyte vessel, applying a potential difference across the membrane.
The solution containing the isotope to be separated and the separated solution are separated by a membrane.
The space that holds solution adopts the electrolyte container, and the material of electrolyte container includes but is not limited to polymer materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene, requires acid and alkali-resistance, does not take place chemical reaction with electrolyte, is applicable to general conditions such as room temperature simultaneously, has the material of price/performance ratio and stability concurrently.
Given the above description of the structure of the present invention designed to couple the pressure driving and the electric field, those skilled in the art can make simple modifications on the basis of the above structure to obtain isotope separation devices of different styles and layouts, but such modifications are all accomplished under the basic concept disclosed in the present invention and fall within the scope of the present invention.
The invention discloses a brand-new simple isotope separation method, and figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of isotope selective transport in a nano channel of a porous membrane. And applying a proper air pressure field and a proper voltage field on two sides of the nano porous membrane. Isotopic ions of different masses (isotope a and isotope B) are subjected to different electrical forces and pressures within the membrane, resulting in different total resultant forces and hence different states of motion. Thereby generating selective transportation and realizing the separation or enrichment of the target isotope.
As shown in fig. 2, the isotope separation method of the present invention is used, and includes the following steps:
1) providing the pressurized system, sealing the system;
2) providing the power supply system and an electrode;
3) providing the membrane module;
4) providing the electrolyte solution and a container;
5) the pressure system, the voltage system, the membrane system and the electrolyte system are combined, the electrode and the power supply system are electrically connected through an external circuit, and the pressure system is communicated with the electrolyte to form a pressure environment;
6) the physical values applied to the solution system by the pressure system and the voltage system are adjusted to the conditions required for separating the objects.
7) The optimal conditions obtained during step 6), which are the unique setting conditions for the separation object according to the present invention, can be used as a reference or standard.
Example 1
The mother liquor to be separated is a mixed solution with the concentration of 1mM containing 6Li and 100mM containing 7LiAnd injecting the mother liquor to be separated into the left solution tank and the right solution tank which are deionized water, and separating the solutions of the left solution tank and the right solution tank by utilizing a porous membrane. The left container is provided with an air pressure connector, the external air pressure is 0.6MPa, and the air pressure of the right solution pool is the atmospheric pressure; the two-sided solution cell is applied with a transmembrane voltage via a reference electrode. After the transmembrane voltage value is adjusted to be 19mV and the applied air pressure is 0.6MPa, the maximum separation coefficient can reach 1.1 by utilizing Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) after 5 hours, which shows that the pair is realized6Li ion and7efficient separation of Li ions. Through the process for a plurality of times, can further improve6The purity of Li.
Example 2
The mother liquor to be separated has a concentration of 1mM133Cs and 1mM of a solution containing137And (4) injecting the mother liquor to be separated into a left solution tank and a right solution tank by using a mixed solution of Cs, wherein deionized water is used in the right solution tank, and the left solution and the right solution are separated by using a porous membrane. The left container is provided with an air pressure connector, the external air pressure is 0.5MPa, and the air pressure of the right solution pool is the atmospheric pressure; the two side solution cells are applied with transmembrane voltage through a reference electrode. After the voltage value is adjusted to be 38mV and the applied air pressure is 0.5MPa, the ratio of two 137Cs and 133Cs passing through the membrane to the right side is measured to be 1.05 after 3 hours, and the effective separation of the Cs isotope is realized.
The invention is used for separating different isotope ions in solution. Separation of isotopes is performed by applying opposing pressures and electric fields in solution on both sides of the membrane. Due to the difference in atomic mass between different isotopes, the acceleration produced by the combined action of the electric field and the pressure field is different, resulting in different velocities in the fluid. Under the coupling action of specific reverse pressure and electric field force, different isotopes have different motion states in transmembrane transport, so that selective transport and separation of different isotopes are realized.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any manner. Those skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the disclosed solution, or to modify equivalent embodiments, without departing from the scope of the solution, using the methods and techniques disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the scope of the protection of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for separating isotopes by coupling pressure and electric field forces, comprising the steps of:
1) isotopic elements with different atomic weights are transported in the membrane in a solution ion form under the driving of voltage and air pressure;
2) applying pressure and electric field force in opposite directions to two ends of the membrane, and adjusting the voltage and the pressure to obtain the optimal separation effect; if more isotopes to be separated enter the other side of the membrane, selective separation is obtained; purification is achieved if the isotopes to be separated are left more on one side of the membrane.
2. The method for separating isotopes by coupling pressure and electric forces as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1), the isotopic elements with different atomic weights comprise the isotopes of lithium 6Li and 7Li, and the isotopes of cesium 133Cs and 137 Cs.
3. The method for separating isotopes by coupling pressure and electric field force as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1), the membrane is a permeable membrane or a porous membrane.
4. The method for separating isotopes by coupling of pressure and electric force as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1), the membrane is selected from the group consisting of semi-permeable membrane, reverse osmosis membrane, and nano-porous membrane, so as to allow the passage of solvent and ions.
5. The method for separating isotopes by coupling pressure and electric field force as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2), the pressure and electric field force are applied to opposite ends of the membrane, and different isotopes have different motion states in transport across the membrane due to different atomic weights of the different isotopes, and different accelerations obtained under the driving of the pressure and the electric field force jointly result in different velocities of the different isotopes in the pores of the membrane.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the different motion states include magnitude and direction of velocity.
7. The method for separating isotopes by coupling pressure and electric field force as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the pressure value of the pressure is 0.1-10 MPa; an optimized pressure when the separation factor is maximized.
8. The method for separating isotopes by coupling pressure and electric field force as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2), the electric field force has a voltage value of 1mV to 50V; when the separation factor is maximal corresponds to an optimized voltage.
9. The method for separating isotopes by coupling of pressure and electric force as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2), the voltage and pressure are adjusted to determine the optimal matching to improve the separation ratio of isotopes.
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Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB823283A (en) * | 1955-12-15 | 1959-11-11 | Norbert Roger Beyrard Benchemo | A method and apparatus for the separation of isotopic ions |
| US20040081604A1 (en) * | 2001-01-05 | 2004-04-29 | Marc Lemaire | Method of separating isotopes |
| CN1715179A (en) * | 2005-06-07 | 2006-01-04 | 四川材料与工艺研究所 | Hydrogen isotope separating device and method |
| US20070199830A1 (en) * | 2006-02-28 | 2007-08-30 | Farag Tarek A Z | Isotopes separation and purification in an electrolytic medium |
| RU2317847C2 (en) * | 2005-11-01 | 2008-02-27 | Институт физики полупроводников Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук | Thallium isotopes separation method |
| CN106527331A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-03-22 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Vacuum system for isotope electromagnetic separator and control system thereof |
| CN107004450A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2017-08-01 | 阿海珐有限公司 | Method and apparatus for reclaiming radionuclide from the resin material after |
| CN109200822A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-01-15 | 天津工业大学 | A kind of method of field coupling crown ether graft polymers perforated membrane separation lithium isotope |
-
2022
- 2022-02-17 CN CN202210143956.1A patent/CN114432888A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB823283A (en) * | 1955-12-15 | 1959-11-11 | Norbert Roger Beyrard Benchemo | A method and apparatus for the separation of isotopic ions |
| US20040081604A1 (en) * | 2001-01-05 | 2004-04-29 | Marc Lemaire | Method of separating isotopes |
| CN1715179A (en) * | 2005-06-07 | 2006-01-04 | 四川材料与工艺研究所 | Hydrogen isotope separating device and method |
| RU2317847C2 (en) * | 2005-11-01 | 2008-02-27 | Институт физики полупроводников Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук | Thallium isotopes separation method |
| US20070199830A1 (en) * | 2006-02-28 | 2007-08-30 | Farag Tarek A Z | Isotopes separation and purification in an electrolytic medium |
| CN107004450A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2017-08-01 | 阿海珐有限公司 | Method and apparatus for reclaiming radionuclide from the resin material after |
| CN106527331A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-03-22 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Vacuum system for isotope electromagnetic separator and control system thereof |
| CN109200822A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-01-15 | 天津工业大学 | A kind of method of field coupling crown ether graft polymers perforated membrane separation lithium isotope |
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