CN114431246B - 一种提高粳稻三系不育系柱头外露率的复合药剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一种提高粳稻三系不育系柱头外露率的复合药剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种提高粳稻三系不育系柱头外露率的复合药剂及其应用,该复合药剂包括:1.5‑2.5mg/L 6‑苄氨基嘌呤,1.5‑2.5mg/L激动素,4‑6g/L茉莉酸甲酯,250‑350mg/L赤霉素3,25‑35mg/L磷酸二氢钾,1.0‑1.4g/L硼砂,2.8‑3.2g/L二乙烯三胺。本发明采用6‑苄氨基嘌呤、激动素、茉莉酸甲酯和赤霉素3进行组合制得复合药剂,该复合药剂不仅安全无公害,而且可提高粳稻不育系柱头外露率可达13%以上,对提高杂交制种的结实率和产量具有显著效果;与清水对照相比,柱头外露提高近10%,杂交结实率提高近20%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水稻育种技术领域,尤其涉及一种提高粳稻三系不育系柱头外露率的复合药剂及其应用。
背景技术
水稻(Oryza sativa L.)是我国乃至全世界最主要的三大粮食作物之一,占世界粮食总产量的25%,全球1/2以上人口以稻米为主食。因此,水稻产量关系到我国乃至全球粮食安全,提高其单产已成为水稻育种科学家们的重要目标之一。
自1964年袁隆平院士发现水稻野败不育系,在全国育种科技工作者的共同努力下成功实现水稻三系配套,培育出一系列杂交稻新品种并大面积种植。这项重大科技成果的应用,给中国水稻生产带来了一次飞跃,使水稻单产在矮秆良种的基础上提高20%左右,为粮食生产的发展做出了巨大贡献。而后,中国科学家又相继培育出两系杂交稻以及籼粳亚种间杂交稻,尤其是后者,被誉为第5代(5G)水稻,适合在籼稻和粳稻生态区种植,打破籼稻和粳稻种植区域的界限。不仅如此,籼粳杂交稻丰产性尤为明显,科学界普遍证实,该类型水稻比现有三系和两系杂交稻产量高15-30%,同时具有抗倒伏及抗寒性等特点。
目前,我国已培育出甬优、浙优以及春优等籼粳杂交稻系列。然而,由于粳稻不育系的柱头外露率低,以及与籼型恢复系的开花时间差,造成制种较为困难。有研究指出,不育系柱头外露率高可以接受更多的花粉,异交结实率与柱头外露率呈显著的正相关(李如海等,早花时、高外露率、较大柱头粳型杂交水稻不育系辽143A的选育与利用,农业科技通讯,2020,2:234-236)。姜心禄等(姜心禄等,三种营养激素复配剂对杂交水稻不育系柱头外露率的影响,植物生理通讯,2008,44(4):630-634) 设计了三种药剂,即A药剂(硼砂60g、6-苄氨基嘌呤20g、芸苔素0.018g、二乙烯三胺120g、黄腐酸460g、乙醇50mL)、B药剂(硼砂60g、复硝酚钾4g、胺鲜酯6g、二乙烯三胺150g、黄腐酸400g、乙醇30mL)以及C药剂(硼砂60g、氯吡脲2g、赛苯隆1g、二乙烯三胺150g、黄腐酸400g、二甲基甲酰胺37g),利用这3种药剂单独或两两混合喷施籼稻不育系G46A,结果显著提高不育系柱头外露率并提高制种产量。而吕凯等(吕凯等,施肥和激素对水稻不育系柱头外露率和结实率的影响,安徽农业科学,2003.31(4):641-642)利用九二零、磷酸二氢钾以及花调灵等药剂也成功提高了籼稻不育系协青早A和珍汕97A柱头外露率并增加制种产量。
然而,迄今为止,尚无提高粳稻不育系柱头外露率从而提高籼粳杂交稻制种产量的相关技术报道。因此,提高粳稻不育系柱头外露率的技术方法将在籼粳杂交稻制种应用中具有很大的应用价值。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种提高粳稻三系不育系柱头外露率的复合药剂及其应用,该复合药剂可以显著提高粳稻三系不育系的柱头外露率。
具体技术方案如下:
一种提高粳稻三系不育系柱头外露率的复合药剂,包括:1.5-2.5mg/L 6-苄氨基嘌呤,1.5-2.5mg/L激动素,4-6g/L茉莉酸甲酯,250-350mg/L赤霉素3,25-35mg/L 磷酸二氢钾,1.0-1.4g/L硼砂,2.8-3.2g/L二乙烯三胺。
本发明中的6-苄氨基嘌呤、激动素、及赤霉素等植物生长调节剂单独或联合使用,均不能增加柱头外露及结实率;茉莉酸甲酯单独使用、或联合赤霉素、或联合6-苄氨基嘌呤及激动素使用都不能提高柱头外露率,但可以提高杂交结实率,说明茉莉酸甲酯具有提高杂交制种结实率的作用;而4种激素(6-苄氨基嘌呤、激动素、茉莉酸甲酯及赤霉素)联合使用时,不仅可以提高不育系柱头外露率,还能进一步提高杂交制种率。
上述复合药剂还包括有机溶剂;所述有机溶剂为体积分数0.02%的Tween20。
进一步地,所述的复合药剂,由以下组分组成:2mg/L 6-苄氨基嘌呤,2mg/L激动素,5g/L茉莉酸甲酯,300mg/L赤霉素3,30mg/L磷酸二氢钾,1.2g/L硼砂,3 g/L二乙烯三胺,体积分数0.02%的Tween20。
本发明提供了所述的提高粳稻三系不育系柱头外露率的复合药剂在籼粳杂交制种中的应用。
本发明还提供了一种提高粳稻三系不育系柱头外露率的方法,包括:在粳稻三系不育系抽穗率达5%时,向不育系的穗部喷施上文所述的复合药剂。
进一步地,复合药剂的喷施次数为一次或两次;两次之间间隔一天。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明采用6-苄氨基嘌呤、激动素、茉莉酸甲酯和赤霉素3进行组合制得复合药剂,该复合药剂不仅安全无公害,而且可提高粳稻不育系柱头外露率可达13%以上,对提高杂交制种的结实率和产量具有显著效果;与清水对照相比,柱头外露提高近10%,杂交结实率提高近20%。
(2)本发明复合药剂具有配制简单,使用方便,喷施时操作简便,以及效果较显著等技术优点。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中复合化学药剂对粳稻不育系结实率的影响。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述,以下列举的仅是本发明的具体实施例,但本发明的保护范围不仅限于此。
实施例1
1、药剂的制备
(1)复合药剂:6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)2mg/L,用1ml 1N NaOH溶解;激动素(KT) 2mg/L,用1ml 1N NaOH溶解;茉莉酸甲酯(JA-Me)5g/L,用酒精和Tween20溶解;赤霉素3(GA3)300mg/L,用无水酒精溶解;磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)30mg/L,用水溶解;硼砂1.2g/L与二乙烯三胺3g/L,用沸水溶解;将这些溶解好的试剂混合后加0.02% (v/v)的Tween20。
(2)对照药剂1:茉莉酸甲酯(JA-Me)5g/L,用酒精和Tween20溶解;磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)30mg/L,用水溶解;硼砂1.2g/L与二乙烯三胺3g/L,用沸水溶解;再向溶解好的试剂中加0.02%(v/v)的Tween20。
(3)对照药剂2:6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)2mg/L,用1ml 1N NaOH溶解;激动素(KT)2mg/L,用1ml 1N NaOH溶解;磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)30mg/L,用水溶解;硼砂1.2g/L 与二乙烯三胺3g/L,用沸水溶解;将这些溶解好的试剂混合后加0.02%(v/v)的 Tween20。
(4)对照药剂3:赤霉素3(GA3)300mg/L,用无水酒精溶解;磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)30mg/L,用水溶解;硼砂1.2g/L与二乙烯三胺3g/L,用沸水溶解;将这些溶解好的试剂混合后加0.02%(v/v)的Tween20。
(5)对照药剂4:6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)2mg/L,用1ml 1N NaOH溶解;激动素(KT)2mg/L,用1ml 1N NaOH溶解;赤霉素3(GA3)300mg/L,用无水酒精溶解;磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)30mg/L,用水溶解;硼砂1.2g/L与二乙烯三胺3g/L,用沸水溶解;将这些溶解好的试剂混合后加0.02%(v/v)的Tween20。
(6)对照药剂5:6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)2mg/L,用1ml 1N NaOH溶解;激动素(KT)2mg/L,用1ml 1N NaOH溶解;茉莉酸甲酯(JA-Me)5g/L,用酒精和Tween20溶解;磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)30mg/L,用水溶解;硼砂1.2g/L与二乙烯三胺3g/L,用沸水溶解;将这些溶解好的试剂混合后加0.02%(v/v)的Tween20。
(7)对照药剂6:茉莉酸甲酯(JA-Me)5g/L,用酒精和Tween20溶解;赤霉素3(GA3)300mg/L,用无水酒精溶解;磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)30mg/L,用水溶解;硼砂1.2g/L 与二乙烯三胺3g/L,用沸水溶解;将这些溶解好的试剂混合后加0.02%(v/v)的 Tween20。
(8)空白对照:0.02%(v/v)的Tween20水溶液。
2、柱头外露率的测定
实验所用材料为粳稻三系不育系浙新A和华中1A。
大田条件下种植,常规肥水管理,待5%水稻材料抽穗时分别喷施步骤1配制的药剂1次,而后隔1天再喷施1次。待水稻开花第2天统计柱头外露的颖花数。柱头外露率=单个花序中柱头外露的颖花数/所有的颖花数×100%。每次试验重复5次。用 t-test进行显著性差异分析。
结果表明,与空白对照相比,复合药剂可以显著提高柱头外露率,提高近10%(表1)。
表1不同化学药剂对水稻颖花柱头外露的影响
3、结实率的测定
实验所用材料为粳稻三系不育系为浙新A和华中1A,籼稻恢复系为浙恢9326。
大田条件下种植,按恢复系:不育系的行比=1:6种植水稻材料。待5%水稻材料抽穗时分别喷施步骤1配制的药剂1次,而后隔1天再喷施1次,同时配合人工正常赶花粉。抽穗开花后第40天统计不育系结实率,每个实验重复5次。用t-test进行显著性差异分析。
结果表明,与空白对照相比,复合药剂可以显著提高结实率,提高近20%(图1)。
Claims (6)
1.一种提高粳稻三系不育系柱头外露率的复合药剂,其特征在于,包括:1.5-2.5mg/L6-苄氨基嘌呤,1.5-2.5mg/L激动素,4-6g/L茉莉酸甲酯,250-350mg/L赤霉素3,25-35mg/L磷酸二氢钾,1.0-1.4g/L硼砂,2.8-3.2g/L二乙烯三胺。
2.如权利要求1所述的提高粳稻三系不育系柱头外露率的复合药剂,其特征在于,还包括体积分数0.02%的Tween20。
3.如权利要求1所述的提高粳稻三系不育系柱头外露率的复合药剂,其特征在于,由以下组分组成:2mg/L 6-苄氨基嘌呤,2mg/L激动素,5g/L茉莉酸甲酯,300mg/L赤霉素3,30mg/L磷酸二氢钾,1.2g/L硼砂,3g/L二乙烯三胺,体积分数0.02%的Tween20。
4.如权利要求1~3任一项所述的提高粳稻三系不育系柱头外露率的复合药剂在籼粳杂交制种中的应用。
5.一种提高粳稻三系不育系柱头外露率的方法,其特征在于,包括:在粳稻三系不育系抽穗率达5%时,向不育系的穗部喷施权利要求1~3任一项所述的复合药剂。
6.如权利要求5所述的提高粳稻三系不育系柱头外露率的方法,其特征在于,复合药剂的喷施次数为一次或两次;两次之间间隔一天。
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