CN114424763A - System and method for preventing and treating bee mites - Google Patents
System and method for preventing and treating bee mites Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
- A01M7/0025—Mechanical sprayers
- A01M7/0032—Pressure sprayers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
- A01M7/0089—Regulating or controlling systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06M—COUNTING MECHANISMS; COUNTING OF OBJECTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06M9/00—Counting of objects in a stack thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for preventing and controlling bee mites, wherein the system comprises: a bee mite parasitic rate detection device and a spraying mite killing device; the device comprises a sampling point, a screen, a bee mite collection device, a bee mite detection device and a bee mite detection device, wherein the sampling point is used for collecting bee samples and mature bee pupa samples from the sampling point, the bee mites are separated through the vibration of the screen, the separated bee mites and the collected samples are respectively counted, and the bee mite parasitic rate of the sampling point is calculated according to the counting result; the latter is used for automatically starting spraying and killing mites after inserting the honeycomb of a sampling point with the limitless bee mite parasitic rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a bee research technology in the technical field of molecular biology, in particular to a system and a method for preventing and controlling bee mites.
Background
The bee is an important economic insect, and can provide healthy food such as honey, bee pollen, royal jelly, propolis and the like for humanThe product, more importantly, the bee is used as a crop growth medium to improve the yield of agricultural products and improve the quality of fruits and seeds by pollinating crops. In addition, the honeybees have important significance for guaranteeing and improving the ecological environment. However, in recent decades, bee colony losses in north america, europe, africa, etc. have increased, posing a serious threat to the safety of both agricultural pollination and ecosystems. The factors causing the loss of bee colony include pathogenic microorganism, parasitic mite, external environment and pesticide, etc., wherein varroa destructor (varroa destructor)Varroa destructor) And bee virus are considered as two major biological factors affecting bee health.
The initial host of bee mite is the oriental bee, and Chinese bee is a subspecies of oriental bee. The bee mites are adapted to the oriental bees in the long-term co-evolution process, and are harmless to the oriental bees. The western bees have no resistance mechanism to the bee mites, and the bee mites use the western bees as new hosts and cause great harm to the bee mites. In China, if no measures for artificially preventing and controlling bee mites exist, the imported western bees cannot survive under the harm of the bee mites.
Bee mites often cause maldevelopment, incomplete wings, incapability of flying, shortened life, increased mortality, reduced feeding and collecting capacity, weak colony vigor and death of bee colonies when the bees are seriously harmed. In the season of serious harm of bee mites, the new bees are affected to be unable to fly, and a plurality of young bees which crawl rapidly, have small bodies and even have broken wings appear on the ground in front of the nests.
The bee mite is a parasite parasitizing on the body surface of the bee, can carry and transmit bee viruses besides influencing the development of the bee, even reduces the immunity of the bee, and enables the viruses in the body of the bee to be organically proliferated in a large amount. Bee mites carry various pathogens and indirectly harm bee colonies. It has been found that bee mites carry acute paralysis virus, Kashmir bee virus, residual wing virus, chronic paralysis virus and Hafnia alvei in vivo, and can carry pathogens such as Betmyces apis and microsporidia on body surface. These pathogens enter the body of the bee through the wound punctured by the varroa jacobsoni to cause disease attack. This synergistic effect of varroa destructor and bee virus has a systemic effect on the health of the bee colony. Bee colonies that are compromised by bee mites are often severely diseased. At present, the following measures can be adopted for preventing and treating bee mites, and the measures have certain effects, but have practical problems to be overcome.
Generally, the control of bee mites needs two links, namely the detection of the parasitic rate of the bee mites and the effective killing of the parasitic bee mites which are detected to exceed the standard.
Let us say the detection of the parasitic rate of bee mites. At present, a 'powdered sugar oscillation method' is generally adopted, namely, grabbed bees are mixed with powdered sugar, bee mites parasitizing on the body surfaces of the bees drop off by oscillating the mixture, the bee mites are separated from the powdered sugar through a large screen and a small screen, and the bee mite count is carried out to calculate the bee mite parasitization rate. It is clear that this method needs to be improved because it requires time and effort to separate bee mites from powdered sugar and it is difficult to obtain accurate calculation results.
Said it can effectively kill bee mite. The following methods are currently used: the pesticide can kill mite, adjust the colony structure and carry out heat treatment mite killing, and although the pesticide has certain mite killing effect, the pesticide has some problems to a greater or lesser extent and needs to pay attention and take corresponding improvement measures.
(1) Medicine for killing mite
The cyfluthrin strip is hung in the bee colony, the drug volatilizes and kills mites, but the application is forbidden in the honey collection period. Fumigating with formic acid solution, which comprises the following steps: 1) mixing 7 mL of formic acid and 3 mL of ethanol to obtain a formic acid solution; 2) placing 7-8 sealed combs (namely about 10 days after queen bee oviposits and no food is needed to be fed to the larva in the honeycomb, the worker bees seal the top of the honeycomb, and about 70% of the whole comb is sealed) in a beehive with standard size, closing the hive door of the beehive, and fumigating formic acid solution in a closed manner at the temperature of over 22 ℃ for 5-6 hours. The method has long time consumption of fumigation and low mite killing efficiency.
Varroa destructor is the most serious parasitic mite that damages western bees. At present, a plurality of methods for controlling varroa jacobsoni exist, and the most widely used and best-effect method still uses chemical acaricide. However, the chemical acaricide is adopted to control mites, which causes drug residues of bee products, and the varroa jacobsoni is easy to generate resistance to drugs, and the defect is obvious.
At present, a method for controlling bee mites by using organic acids, such as a slow-release acaricide, is to dissolve acetic acid, eucalyptus oil, tween-20, agar or sodium silicate and water in a gel in proportion, reduce the volatilization rate of active ingredients in the air when the active ingredients are used by the gel, prolong the volatilization time, and achieve the effect of controlling the bee mites by slow-release pesticide effect. Obviously, the slow-release acaricide has slow acaricidal effect.
The other mode is that the formic acid water spraying method is utilized to prevent and control the bee mites, the sprayed formic acid mist can permeate the wax cover of the bee pupae to act on the mites parasitizing on the body of the bee pupae, and the method does not harm bees and does not influence the normal life of the bees; the method can be used for preventing and treating bee mites with good effect. However, when the method is used for spraying the formic acid solution to the honeycomb, two persons are needed to cooperate, one person lifts the spleen, the other person sprays, lifts the spleen one by one, and sprays, so that the workload is heavy.
(2) Regulation bee colony structure
When the bees are covered, the bee mites are confined in the cells. Therefore, bee-brood (i.e., capped bee pupae) trapping can be used for mite control. This can be done in several ways:
1) worker bee trapping
Removal of all the closures in the box for 24 consecutive days enabled removal of 90% of the mites.
The queen bee is restricted to lay eggs on one spleen, and after a certain period of time, the queen bee is placed on another spleen to lay eggs, and the queen bee is used to induce mite. 3 spleens were produced in 9 days, and all spleens were destroyed after 9 days, so that about 79% of mites could be trapped.
The mites can also be treated by formic acid or heat treatment on the spleens outside the box.
The disadvantages with the above-described method are: requiring a large number of combs and being labour intensive and significantly affecting the vigour of the colony and the production of the colony at the expense of more bee pupae/larvae.
2) Male bee trapping
The drone trapping method is the most common biological control method for people, and does not affect the production of bee colonies. Because the parasitic rate of the varroa jacobsoni in the spleen of the male bee is 8-10 times of that of the worker bee, compared with the worker bee, the varroa jacobsoni can be controlled by using few male bee broods, and the influence on bee colonies is not obvious.
A theoretical model for the effect of removing male bees on varroa mites has been developed by scholars who insert a frame of 1500 drone larvae into the center of the hive. After one week, the larvae were capped, and the spleens were removed and destroyed. This was done twice, assuming no reinfection by other groups, and at the beginning of summer, the number of bee mites in severely infested groups dropped from 16,000 to about 1750 (89% drop).
The main disadvantages of this method are: firstly, many mites are in the worker bee cap and can not be transferred to the spleen of the male bee. Secondly, a large number of worker bee spleens in the bee colony compete with the inserted male bee spleens to induce mites, so that the amount of the mites induced on the male bee spleens is reduced. However, the method can be used in the situation without swarms (namely all the developed bees which are already out of the house), and the acaricidal effect is better. Theoretical model research shows that if a drone larva spleen is inserted into a non-son colony and taken out after one week, bee mites can be reduced by 92.5%; the insertion of two male honeycombs can reduce 99.4% of bee mites, and is a more effective biological control method.
(3) Heat treatment for treating mite
At temperatures above the normal nest temperature (34 ℃), adult female mites are more sensitive to temperature changes than bee larvae and pupae. Therefore, the heat treatment method can be used for treating mites. However, heat treatment applied to the entire hive is not effective in combating mites because it either kills a large proportion of the bees or reduces the temperature of the hive by blowing with a fan to take care of the bee colony, which in turn results in the inability to kill the mites on the bee bodies and bees. Therefore, when the heat treatment is adopted for treating mites, the son spleen is lifted, the bees are shaken off, and the son spleen is placed in an incubator for heating. Thus all worker bee spleens can be processed. Studies have shown that if heated at 44 ℃ for 4 hours, 100% of the mites in the closures are killed, and in the process only about 5% of the bees are killed. However, most larger larvae will go to great lengths to crawl out of the hive, and such heat-treated mature pupae will cause some adult bees to become malformed.
Although the heat treatment kills all the mites on the bees, many mites on the bees are still alive, and therefore the mite-killing effect of this method depends on the group vigor and the ratio of bees to bees. One heat treatment can reduce the total number of mites in the population by 50% to 80%, and thus this method is not sufficient to keep the mites below economic thresholds, and is time consuming, and therefore it is not suitable for commercial beekeepers.
In conclusion, a rapid and efficient system and method for controlling bee mites is urgently needed in the aspect of bee mite control, the parasitic rate of the bee mites in the whole bee field can be scientifically and effectively detected, the spreading and aggravation of the disease conditions of the bee mites can be controlled in time, and the system is simple in structure, portable and durable and can be operated by a single person.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system and a method for preventing bee mites, which can quickly and efficiently prevent the bee mites parasitizing in a bee field.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a system for controlling bee mites, comprising:
the bee mite parasitic rate detection device is used for separating bee mites from the bee sample collected from the sampling point and the mature bee pupa sample through the vibration of the screen, respectively counting the separated bee mites and the collected sample, and calculating the bee mite parasitic rate of the sampling point according to the counting result;
the spraying mite-killing device is used for automatically starting spraying mite-killing after a honeycomb of a sampling point with an over-limit bee mite parasitic rate is inserted.
Preferably, the bee mite parasitism rate detection device further comprises:
the device comprises a sample collector, a filter screen and a controller, wherein the sample collector is used for obtaining a bee sample from an uncovered comb of a beehive bottom box at a sampling point, obtaining a mature bee pupa sample from a randomly selected covered comb in the beehive, placing the obtained sample into the screen, and sealing and vibrating the screen to separate bee mites from the body surface of the sample;
the bee mite collecting counter is used for outputting the counted sample number and the bee mite number respectively;
and the calculating device is used for calculating the bee mite parasitic rate according to the input sample number and the bee mite number and outputting a calculation result.
Preferably, the spray mite-killing device further comprises:
the liquid collector is used for filling the prepared acaricidal liquid medicine;
the liquid pump is used for pumping the acarid killing liquid medicine in the liquid collector into a spraying pipeline in the spraying device;
and the spraying device is used for switching on or off one or more pairs of high-pressure spray heads on the spraying pipeline according to the position of inserting the honeycomb through a built-in proximity switch.
Preferably, the top and the bottom of the spraying device are respectively provided with an upper rail and a lower rail, and the spraying and mite-killing device is also provided with a honeycomb propeller which comprises:
the honeycomb holding part is used for holding the upper end and the lower end of one end of the honeycomb and fixing the honeycomb into the upper track and the lower track;
pushing a button F, pushing the honeycomb to enter the spraying device along the upper and lower tracks until the honeycomb is detected to be in place by the proximity switch, and stopping pushing;
and (4) rewinding the button R, and pressing the button to withdraw the bee spleen which finishes spraying from the spraying device to the original position.
Preferably, the honeycomb pusher has a wirelessly coupled receiving member, said system further comprising:
the wireless micro-camera is arranged in the spraying device and is used for transmitting the collected honeycomb state in a wireless coupling mode;
the mite-killing control terminal is used for transmitting instructions of homing, propelling, stopping and returning of the honeycomb to the honeycomb propeller in a wireless coupling mode according to the received honeycomb state;
and the honeycomb propeller automatically operates the honeycomb to enter and exit the spraying device according to the instruction of the mite-killing control terminal.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for preventing and controlling bee mites, which comprises the following steps:
and (3) detecting the parasitic rate of the bee mites: separating bee mites from the bee samples collected from the sampling points and the mature bee pupa samples through the vibration of the screen, and respectively counting the separated bee mites and the collected net-entering samples, thereby calculating the bee mite parasitic rate of the sampling points;
spraying and mite killing: and inserting the honeycomb of the sampling point with the limitless bee mite parasitic rate into a spraying device, and then automatically starting spraying and mite killing.
Preferably, the step of detecting the bee mite parasitism rate specifically comprises the following steps:
obtaining a bee sample from an unsealed honeycomb of a beehive bottom box at a sampling point, obtaining a mature bee pupa sample from a randomly selected sealed honeycomb in the beehive, putting the obtained sample into a screen, and sealing and vibrating the screen to separate bee mites from the body surface of the sample;
counting the number of the samples which are meshed with the net and the number of the bee mites respectively, and calculating the parasitic rate of the bee mites according to the following formula: bee mite parasitism rate = the total number of bee mites on the bottom of the device/total number of netted samples × 100%;
the sampling points reporting the limit of bee mite parasitism for the bee spleens were mite-killing, the limit being that bee mite parasitism was equal to or more than 5%.
Preferably, the step of spraying and killing mites specifically comprises the following steps:
when the honeycomb is inserted into an induction area of a photoelectric proximity switch arranged in the spraying device, the photoelectric proximity switch controls high-pressure micro-nozzles on pipelines at two sides in the spraying device to be automatically opened to release formic acid liquid medicine or oxalic acid liquid medicine for spraying; when the mite-killing spraying is finished and the honeycomb is withdrawn from the spraying device, the photoelectric proximity switch detects that no honeycomb exists, the high-pressure micro-spray head is controlled to be automatically closed, and the pesticide liquid spraying is stopped to be released.
The invention firstly greatly improves the detection of the parasitic rate of the bee mites, overcomes the defects of time and labor waste of the original detection method, and greatly improves the accuracy and precision of the detection. In addition, the mite-killing spraying device is specially and technically improved, and the stainless steel pump, the high-pressure micro-sprayer on the pipeline and the proximity switch component are used for automatically controlling the spraying of the liquid medicine in the spraying device, so that the original large-workload operation needing two-person operation is changed into single-person operation or unmanned machine operation, the manpower and time consumed in a large amount are reduced, and the working efficiency and the labor productivity are greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the system for controlling bee mites of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an application example of the bee mite control system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the structure of another embodiment of the system for controlling bee mites of this invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic illustration of another application example of the bee mite control system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is explained in detail below with reference to preferred embodiments. It should be understood that the following examples are only for illustrating and explaining the technical solutions of the present invention and are not to be used for limiting the present invention.
The invention provides a structure of an embodiment of a system for preventing and controlling bee mites, which is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following components:
the bee mite parasitic rate detection device is used for separating bee mites from the bee samples collected from the sampling points and the mature bee pupa samples through the vibration of the screen, and respectively counting the separated bee mites and the collected samples, thereby calculating the bee mite parasitic rate of the sampling points;
the spraying mite-killing device is used for automatically starting spraying mite-killing after a honeycomb of a sampling point with an over-limit bee mite parasitic rate is inserted.
In the above system embodiment, the bee mite parasitic rate detecting device specifically includes:
the device comprises a sample collector, a controller and a controller, wherein the sample collector is used for obtaining a bee sample from an uncovered comb of a beehive bottom box at a sampling point, obtaining a mature bee pupa sample from a randomly selected covered comb in the beehive, placing the obtained sample into a screen, and closing and vibrating the screen to separate bee mites from the body surface of the sample;
the bee mite collecting counter is used for outputting the counted sample number and the bee mite number respectively;
and the calculating device is used for calculating the bee mite parasitic rate according to the input sample number and the bee mite number and outputting a calculation result.
In the above system embodiment, the bottom of the bee mite collecting counter is filled with 300 + -10 ml of 50% alcohol for killing bee mites filtered by the screen.
In the above system embodiment, the spray mite-killing device specifically includes: a liquid trap, a liquid pump and a spraying device (not shown in fig. 1, see the corresponding device of fig. 2), wherein:
the liquid collector is used for filling the prepared acaricidal liquid medicine;
the liquid pump is used for pumping the acarid killing liquid medicine in the liquid collector into a spraying pipeline in the spraying device;
and the spraying device is used for switching on or off one or more pairs of high-pressure spray heads on the spraying pipeline according to the position of inserting the honeycomb through a built-in proximity switch.
In the system embodiment, the liquid pump of the spraying and mite-killing device is a stainless steel water pump; the proximity switch may be configured as a capacitive proximity switch or as an electro-optical proximity switch, the latter being preferred.
When the honeycomb is placed in the sensing area of the spraying device, the proximity switch detects the existence of the honeycomb, the high-pressure spray heads are controlled to be automatically opened, and the high-pressure spray heads on the spraying pipelines on the two sides of the spraying device can spray mite-killing pesticide mist; when the spray is finished and the honeycomb is withdrawn, and the proximity switch detects that no honeycomb exists, the high-pressure spray head is controlled to be automatically closed, and the mite-killing pesticide mist is not released any more.
The stainless steel water pump is corrosion-resistant, economical and durable, and can quickly and stably pump the acaricidal liquid medicine from the liquid collector to the spray pipeline through pressure balance.
In the above system embodiment, the acaricidal liquid medicine in the liquid collector is 55% formic acid solution or 3.1-3.3% oxalic acid solution.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an application example constructed according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in fig. 1, which is first sampled according to the following sampling principle:
a. bee fields below 10 colonies, each participating in the sampling
b. 100 groups of random 5 groups were sampled
c. Every 10 swarms of large bee field participate in sampling as a sample
The application example shown in fig. 2 comprises a cylindrical bee mite sampling and collecting device, a calculating device and a spray mite killing device, wherein:
the bee mite sampling and collecting device is used for obtaining about 100 bee samples from an uncovered spleen of a beehive bottom box and about 100 mature bee pupa samples from a covered worker bee spleen randomly selected from the beehive, pouring the obtained samples into a screen with the aperture of 2.5mm fixed at the upper opening of the device, closing the upper opening of the device, enabling bee mites on the body surface of the samples to be separated and screened into 300ml of liquid containing 50% alcohol at the bottom of the device through a violent vibration screen for 60-70 seconds (through manual vibration or mechanical vibration), and then respectively counting the meshed samples and the separated bee mites;
calculating the bee mite parasitic rate according to the following formula by the calculating device according to the counted sample number and the separated bee mite number:
bee mite parasitism rate = the total number of bee mites at the bottom of the device/total number of net-entering samples × 100%
Safety threshold value: the parasitic rate of the bee mites is less than 5 percent, and the bee mites are qualified. In other words, the calculated bee mite parasitism rate is 5% or more, which is an overrun, meaning that all hives at the sampling point need to be mite-killed by the mite-killing spray device.
A spraying and mite-killing device comprises a solution bottle (equivalent to a liquid collector in figure 1), a stainless steel water pump (equivalent to a liquid pump in figure 1), and a spraying device, wherein the spraying device is provided with a plurality of spraying pipelines, a plurality of pairs of high-pressure micro-spray heads and an optoelectronic proximity switch on the inner walls of two sides, wherein:
the solution bottle is filled with 55% formic acid solution, which is pumped into the spraying pipeline by a corrosion-resistant stainless steel water pump;
when the honeycomb is inserted into the sensing area of the photoelectric proximity switch in the spraying device, the switch controls the high-pressure micro-nozzles on the pipelines at the two sides to be automatically opened to release formic acid water spray; when the honeycomb is withdrawn from the spraying device after spraying is finished, the photoelectric switch detects that no honeycomb exists, the high-pressure micro-nozzle is controlled to be automatically closed, and the formic acid water spraying is stopped to be released.
In this application, the hive is manually inserted from the top of the spray device. Fig. 3 shows a schematic structure of another embodiment of the bee mite controlling system provided by the present invention, which is based on the most basic embodiment shown in fig. 1, and the system is provided with an upper rail and a lower rail at the top and the bottom of the spraying device (which is a part of the spraying mite killing device), and a honeycomb propeller is added to the spraying mite killing device, and comprises:
the honeycomb holding part is used for holding the upper end and the lower end of one end of the honeycomb and fixing the honeycomb into the upper track and the lower track;
a push button F is pushed to push the honeycomb to enter the spraying device along the track until the honeycomb is detected to be in place by the proximity switch, and then the push is stopped;
and the button R is reversed, and the bee spleen which finishes spraying is returned out of the spraying device to the original position when the button R is pressed.
Fig. 4 shows an application example of the embodiment of the system, and it is seen that the difference from fig. 2 is that the honeycomb can be automatically operated by a honeycomb pusher to enter and exit the spraying device along an upper rail (not shown) and a lower rail additionally arranged in the spraying device.
Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of the bee mite control system of the present invention, which is further developed on the basis of the above-mentioned mechanical and electrical control added to the entrance and exit of the bee hive, and which is additionally provided with a wireless micro-camera in the spraying device and an acarid control terminal for the system, wherein:
the wireless micro-camera is used for transmitting the honeycomb state collected in the spraying device to the mite-killing control terminal in a wireless coupling mode;
the mite-killing control terminal is used for transmitting a honeycomb homing/propelling/stopping/rewinding command to the honeycomb propeller in a wireless coupling mode according to the received honeycomb state;
the honeycomb propeller is provided with a wireless coupling receiving part and automatically operates the honeycomb inlet and outlet spraying device according to the instruction of the mite killing control terminal.
Corresponding to the above system for controlling bee mites, the invention provides an embodiment of a method for controlling bee mites, which comprises the following steps:
and (3) detecting the parasitic rate of the bee mites: separating bee mites from the bee samples collected from the sampling points and the mature bee pupa samples through the vibration of the screen, and respectively counting the separated bee mites and the collected samples, thereby calculating the bee mite parasitic rate of the sampling points;
spraying and mite killing: and (3) inserting the honeycomb of the sampling point with the limitless bee mite parasitic rate into a spraying device, and then automatically starting spraying and mite killing.
In the embodiment of the method, the step of detecting the parasitic rate of the bee mites comprises the following steps:
obtaining a bee sample from an unsealed honeycomb of a beehive bottom box at a sampling point, obtaining a mature bee pupa sample from a randomly selected sealed honeycomb in the beehive, putting the obtained sample into a screen, and sealing and vibrating the screen to separate bee mites from the body surface of the sample;
counting the number of the samples which are meshed with the net and the number of the bee mites respectively, and calculating the parasitic rate of the bee mites according to the following formula: bee mite parasitism rate = the total number of bee mites on the bottom of the device/total number of netted samples × 100%;
and (3) killing mites on the bee spleens by a sampling point reporting the exceeding limit of the bee mite parasitic rate, wherein the exceeding limit is that the bee mite parasitic rate is equal to or more than 5%.
In the above method embodiment, the step of spraying mite killing specifically comprises:
when the honeycomb is inserted into an induction area of a photoelectric proximity switch arranged in the spraying device, the photoelectric proximity switch controls high-pressure micro-nozzles on pipelines at two sides in the spraying device to be automatically opened to release formic acid liquid medicine or oxalic acid liquid medicine for spraying; when the mite-killing spraying is finished and the honeycomb is withdrawn from the spraying device, the photoelectric proximity switch detects that no honeycomb exists, the high-pressure micro-spray head is controlled to be automatically closed, and the pesticide liquid spraying is stopped to be released.
According to the system and the method for preventing and treating bee mites, the parasitic rate of the bee mites is greatly improved, so that the defect that the original detection method is time-consuming and labor-consuming is overcome, and meanwhile, the detection precision is greatly improved. In addition, the technological innovation of mite-killing sprayer is that the high pressure micro sprayer is used in stainless steel pump and pipeline and the approach switch is used to control the spraying of pesticide liquid inside the sprayer automatically, so that the operation with great work amount and needing two persons operation is changed into one person operation or unmanned machine operation, and this can reduce manpower and time consumption and raise work efficiency and labor productivity obviously.
Claims (10)
1. A system for controlling bee mites, comprising:
the bee mite parasitic rate detection device is used for separating bee mites from the bee samples collected from the sampling points and the mature bee pupa samples through the vibration of the screen, respectively counting the separated bee mites and the collected samples, and calculating the bee mite parasitic rate of the sampling points according to the counting result;
the spraying mite-killing device is used for automatically starting spraying mite-killing after a honeycomb of a sampling point with an over-limit bee mite parasitic rate is inserted.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein said bee mite parasitism rate detection means comprises:
the sample collector is used for obtaining the bee sample from an uncovered comb of the beehive bottom box of the sampling point, obtaining the mature bee pupa sample from a covered comb randomly selected in the beehive, putting the obtained sample into the screen, and closing and vibrating the screen to separate bee mites from the body surface of the sample;
the bee mite collecting counter is used for outputting the counted sample number and the bee mite number respectively;
and the calculating device is used for calculating the bee mite parasitic rate according to the input sample number and the bee mite number and outputting a calculation result.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the spray miticide device comprises:
the liquid collector is used for filling the prepared acaricidal liquid medicine;
the liquid pump is used for pumping the acarid killing liquid medicine in the liquid collector into a spraying pipeline in the spraying device;
and the spraying device is used for switching on or off one or more pairs of high-pressure spray heads on the spraying pipeline according to the position of inserting the honeycomb through a built-in proximity switch.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the top and bottom of the spraying device are respectively provided with an upper rail and a lower rail, and the spraying and mite-killing device is further provided with a honeycomb propeller comprising:
the honeycomb holding part is used for holding the upper end and the lower end of one end of the honeycomb and fixing the honeycomb into the upper track and the lower track;
a push button F is pressed to push the honeycomb to enter the spraying device along the upper track and the lower track until the honeycomb is verified to be in place by the proximity switch, and then the push button F stops pushing;
and (4) rewinding the button R, and pressing the button to withdraw the bee spleen which finishes spraying from the spraying device to the original position.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein said honeycomb pusher has a wirelessly coupled receiving member, said system further comprising:
the wireless micro-camera is arranged in the spraying device and is used for transmitting the collected honeycomb state in a wireless coupling mode;
the mite-killing control terminal is used for transmitting instructions of honeycomb homing, propelling, stopping and returning to the honeycomb propeller according to the received honeycomb state in a wireless coupling mode;
and the honeycomb propeller automatically operates the honeycomb to enter and exit the spraying device according to the instruction of the mite-killing control terminal.
6. A bee mite parasitism rate detection device for preventing and treating bee mites comprises:
the device comprises a sample collector, a controller and a controller, wherein the sample collector is used for obtaining a bee sample from an uncovered comb of a beehive bottom box at a sampling point, obtaining a mature bee pupa sample from a randomly selected covered comb in the beehive, putting the obtained sample into a screen, and closing and vibrating the screen to separate bee mites from the body surface of the sample;
the bee mite collecting counter is used for outputting the counted sample number and the bee mite number respectively;
and the calculating device is used for calculating the bee mite parasitic rate according to the input sample number and the bee mite number and outputting a calculation result.
7. A spray miticidal device for controlling bee mites, comprising:
the liquid collector is used for filling prepared acaricidal liquid medicine, and comprises 55% formic acid solution or 3.1-3.3% oxalic acid solution;
the liquid pump is made of stainless steel materials and is used for pumping the acarid killing liquid medicine in the liquid collector into a spraying pipeline in the spraying device;
the spraying device is used for switching on or off one or more pairs of high-pressure micro-spray heads on the spraying pipeline according to the position of inserting the honeycomb through a built-in photoelectric proximity switch.
8. A method of controlling bee mites, comprising:
and (3) detecting the parasitic rate of the bee mites: separating bee mites from the bee sample and the mature bee pupa sample collected from the sampling point by the vibration of the screen, and respectively counting the separated bee mites and the collected net-entering sample, thereby calculating the bee mite parasitic rate of the sampling point;
spraying and mite killing: and (3) inserting the honeycomb of the sampling point with the limitless bee mite parasitic rate into a spraying device, and then automatically starting spraying and mite killing.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein said bee mite parasitism rate detecting step specifically comprises:
obtaining a bee sample from an unsealed honeycomb of a beehive bottom box at a sampling point, obtaining a mature bee pupa sample from a randomly selected sealed honeycomb in the beehive, putting the obtained sample into a screen, and sealing and vibrating the screen to separate bee mites from the body surface of the sample;
counting the number of the samples which are meshed with the net and the number of the bee mites respectively, and calculating the parasitic rate of the bee mites according to the following formula: bee mite parasitism rate = the total number of bee mites on the bottom of the device/total number of netted samples × 100%;
and (3) killing mites on the bee spleens by a sampling point reporting the exceeding limit of the bee mite parasitic rate, wherein the exceeding limit is that the bee mite parasitic rate is equal to or more than 5%.
10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the step of spray-acaricidal treatment comprises in particular:
when the honeycomb is inserted into an induction area of a photoelectric proximity switch arranged in the spraying device, the photoelectric proximity switch controls high-pressure micro-nozzles on pipelines on two sides in the spraying device to be automatically opened to release formic acid liquid medicine or oxalic acid liquid medicine for spraying; and when the mite-killing spraying is finished and the honeycomb is withdrawn from the spraying device, the photoelectric proximity switch detects that no honeycomb exists, the high-pressure micro-spray head is controlled to be automatically closed, and the liquid medicine spraying is stopped to be released.
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Application publication date: 20220503 |