CN114414540B - Cold atomic group fluorescent signal coherent detection device - Google Patents
Cold atomic group fluorescent signal coherent detection device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114414540B CN114414540B CN202111503695.1A CN202111503695A CN114414540B CN 114414540 B CN114414540 B CN 114414540B CN 202111503695 A CN202111503695 A CN 202111503695A CN 114414540 B CN114414540 B CN 114414540B
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
- G01N2021/6463—Optics
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Abstract
The application relates to a cold atomic group fluorescent signal coherent detection device, which comprises a first optical mirror module, at least one second optical mirror module, a photoelectric detector and a digital-to-analog converter, wherein the first optical mirror module is used for detecting the fluorescent signal of a cold atomic group; the first optical lens module comprises a first front lens group, a first diaphragm, a first reflecting mirror component and a first rear lens group which are sequentially arranged along the light path, and the first front lens group is aligned with the cold atomic group; the second optical lens module comprises a second front lens group, a second diaphragm, a second reflecting mirror component, a phase retarder and a second rear lens group which are sequentially arranged along the optical path, and the second front lens group is aligned with the cold atomic group; the photoelectric detector is connected with the digital-analog converter and is used for receiving the atomic group fluorescence signals emitted by the first rear mirror group and the second rear mirror group, the digital-analog converter is used for converting the atomic group fluorescence signals into digital signals, and the coherent detection formed by the phase delay between the first optical mirror module and the second optical mirror module is adopted, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of fluorescence detection can be remarkably improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of cold atomic fluorescence signal detection, in particular to a cold atomic group fluorescence signal coherent detection device.
Background
The cold atomic technology is a technology for realizing research and precise measurement of atomic physical characteristics by controlling atomic quantum state changes, and is applied to a plurality of fields such as quantum communication, atomic clocks, atomic gravimeters, quantum simulation and the like. The cold atom precise measurement result is expressed in an atomic quantum state distribution form, and can be obtained by exciting different quantum states by adopting specific laser to generate fluorescent radiation and obtaining the measurement result by obtaining the fluorescent radiation intensity.
The cold atomic device is usually required to be in an ultra-high vacuum environment of better than 10 < -7 > Pa for isolating the impurity gas from interfering with the measurement. In order to obtain fluorescence signals with sufficient intensity, the atomic gas scattered in the space needs to be captured from the background gas in the vacuum environment to be aggregated into cold atomic groups. And then the optical lens group is focused on the atomic group position to acquire a fluorescence signal.
Since the atomic gas is uniformly dispersed in the vacuum environment, fluorescence is generated when the laser excites the atomic group. Meanwhile, scattered light of the laser in the vacuum cavity can enter the optical lens group. These two are non-signal light, collectively referred to as stray light, which is the primary source of noise for cold radical fluorescence signals. And the improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio of fluorescence detection can directly improve the capacity of quantum precision measurement.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the expression, the application provides a cold atomic group fluorescence signal coherent detection device, which aims to solve the technical problem of poor two-word precise measurement capability caused by low fluorescence detection signal-to-noise ratio in the prior art.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a cold atomic group fluorescence signal coherent detection device comprises a first optical mirror module, at least one second optical mirror module, a photoelectric detector and a digital-to-analog converter;
the first optical lens module comprises a first front lens group, a first diaphragm, a first reflecting mirror component and a first rear lens group which are sequentially arranged along a light path, and the first front lens group is aligned with the cold atomic group;
the second optical lens module comprises a second front lens group, a second diaphragm, a second reflecting mirror assembly, a phase retarder and a second rear lens group which are sequentially arranged along the light path, and the second front lens group is aligned to the cold atomic group;
the photoelectric detector is connected with the digital-to-analog converter and is used for receiving the atomic group fluorescence signals emitted by the first rear mirror group and the second rear mirror group, and the digital-to-analog converter is used for converting the atomic group fluorescence signals into digital signals.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the application has the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the cold atomic group fluorescence signal coherent detection device provided by the application, the coherent detection formed by the phase delay between the first optical mirror module and the second optical mirror module is adopted, so that the signal to noise ratio of fluorescence detection can be obviously improved.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the application can be improved as follows.
Further, the number of the second optical mirror modules is plural, and the phase delay settings of the phase retarders of the plural second optical mirror modules are different.
Further, the first reflecting mirror assembly comprises a plurality of first reflecting mirrors, and the first reflecting mirrors sequentially reflect light rays between the first diaphragm and the first rear mirror group.
Further, the second reflecting mirror assembly comprises a plurality of second reflecting mirrors, and the second reflecting mirrors sequentially reflect light rays between the second diaphragm and the second rear mirror group.
The system comprises a first rear mirror group, a second rear mirror group, at least two optical fiber assemblies, a first optical fiber assembly, a second optical fiber assembly, a third optical fiber assembly, a fourth optical fiber assembly and a fourth optical fiber assembly, wherein the optical fiber assemblies comprise optical fiber coupling mirrors and optical fibers which are connected in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the other optical fiber coupling mirrors are arranged at the emergent ends of the second rear mirror group and are used for guiding the atomic group fluorescent signals emitted from the second rear mirror group into the corresponding optical fibers, and the emergent ends of all the optical fibers are connected to the photoelectric detector.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cold atomic group fluorescence signal coherent detection device according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is another embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order that the application may be readily understood, a more complete description of the application will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. Embodiments of the application are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. This application may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.
It will be understood that spatially relative terms, such as "under", "below", "beneath", "under", "above", "over" and the like, may be used herein to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use and operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements or features described as "under" or "beneath" other elements would then be oriented "on" the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary terms "below" and "under" may include both an upper and a lower orientation. Furthermore, the device may also include an additional orientation (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or other orientations) and the spatial descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be connected to the other element through intervening elements. In the following embodiments, "connected" is understood to mean "electrically connected", "communicatively connected", and the like, if the connected circuits, modules, units, and the like have electrical or data transferred therebetween.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," and/or the like, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or groups thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or groups thereof.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a cold atomic group fluorescence signal coherent detection device, which includes a first optical mirror module 1, at least one second optical mirror module 2, a photodetector 3 and a digital-to-analog converter 4.
In the present embodiment, the number of the second optical mirror modules 2 is one.
For easy understanding, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a coherent detection device according to the present embodiment, in which a cold atomic group 51 to be observed is located in an ultra-high vacuum system 5, and an atomic gas 52 uniformly distributed in the ultra-high vacuum system is also present, and in this embodiment, a rubidium atomic isotope Rb is used as the cold atomic group to be observed 87 The ultra-high vacuum system 5 is made of titanium alloy and is provided with a fluorescence observation window, and cold radicals 51 are collected from rubidium atomic vapors of the ultra-high vacuum system 5 by a magneto-optical trap technology when in use, and the size of the cold radicals 51 is about 2mm.
Specifically, the first optical lens module 1 includes a first front lens group 11, a first diaphragm 12, a first reflecting mirror assembly 13, and a first rear lens group 14 that are sequentially disposed along an optical path, and the first front lens group 11 is disposed in alignment with the cold atomic group 51.
The second optical lens module 2 comprises a second front lens group 21, a second diaphragm 22, a second reflecting mirror assembly 23, a phase retarder 24 and a second rear lens group 25 which are sequentially arranged along the optical path, wherein the second front lens group 21 is aligned with the cold atomic group 51.
The photodetector 3 is connected with the digital-to-analog converter 4, and is configured to receive the atomic group fluorescence signals emitted by the first rear mirror group 14 and the second rear mirror group 25, and the digital-to-analog converter 4 is configured to convert the atomic group fluorescence signals into digital signals.
The first front lens group 11 and the second front lens group 21 are lens groups formed by a plurality of optical lenses, and are lens combination modes commonly used in optical measurement, and in this embodiment, the front lens group is selected from the following lens specification types as shown in table 1:
table 1 front lens group selects lens units: mm (mm)
Similarly, the first rear lens group 14 and the second rear lens group 25 are lens groups formed by a plurality of optical lenses, and are lens combination modes commonly used in optical measurement, and in this embodiment, the rear lens group is selected from the following lens specification types as shown in table 2:
table 2 rear lens group selects lens unit: mm (mm)
Wherein Rb 87 Atomic fluorescence is a single wavelength, and chromatic aberration correction is not needed to be considered in design. For cost reasons, H-K9L glass is uniformly selected.
The first diaphragm 12 and the second diaphragm 22 are machined from an optical lens group barrel. The aperture of the whole optical lens group is 0.24mm, the corresponding collection solid angle is 1.44%, and the multiplying power of the fluorescent lens is multiplied by 2/3.
The photoelectric detector 3 is a multiplication type photoelectric detector, the detection target surface is 2mm, and the detection of a 3mm diameter area can be met by matching with an optical lens group, so that the size of a cold atomic group 41 is met.
The solid line in fig. 1 represents the fluorophore fluorescence path; the broken lines in the drawing represent parasitic light paths, and the design principle of the present application will be described in detail.
The first optical mirror module 1 composed of the first front mirror group 11, the first diaphragm 12, the first mirror assembly 13 and the first rear mirror group 14 condenses the fluorescence emitted from the cold radicals 51 onto the photodetector 3. The fluorescence intensity collected by the optical imaging lens is recorded as I Fluorescence 1 The light amplitude is E Fluorescence 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The stray light intensity is I Parasitic light 1 The light amplitude is E Parasitic light 1 。
Because of the coherence of atomic group fluorescence, the emitted photon amplitude phase is consistent, and can be marked as:
corresponding fluorescence intensity:
I fluorescence 1 ∝|E Fluorescence 1 | 2 ＝|A Fluorescence 1 | 2
Stray light comes to photons emitted from different background atoms, which have different phases from each other, and can be described as:
the corresponding stray light intensity:
due toIs a randomly distributed value, so the right 2 nd item of the above formula is 0.
The second optical mirror module 2, which is composed of the second front mirror group 21, the second diaphragm 22, the second mirror assembly 23, the phase retarder 24, and the second rear mirror group 25, is identical to the first optical mirror module 1, and condenses fluorescence emitted from the cold radicals 51 onto the photodetector 3.
The fluorescence intensity collected by the optical imaging lens is recorded as I Fluorescence 2 The light amplitude is E Fluorescence 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The stray light intensity is I Parasitic light 2 The light amplitude is E Parasitic light 2 。I Fluorescence 2 、E Fluorescence 2 、I Parasitic light 2 、E Parasitic light 2 And I Fluorescence 1 、E Fluorescence 1 、I Parasitic light 1 、E Parasitic light 1 Having the same characteristics and interrelationships.
The photodetector 5 detects the fluorescence signal intensity I Total fluorescence
The first optical mirror module 1 and the second optical mirror module 2 have the same light collecting power, and thus, a Fluorescence 1 ＝A Fluorescence 2 . By setting the phase retarder 24, it is possible to changeMake->At this time, the liquid crystal display device,
I total fluorescence ∝4|A Fluorescence 1 | 2 ＝2(I Fluorescence 1 +I Fluorescence 2 )
Stray light signal I detected by photodetector 5 Total parasitic light
Since the stray light phase is randomly distributed, the above formula 3 has a value of 0.
Finally, the signal to noise ratio of fluorescence detection is obtained
Therefore, the cold atomic group fluorescence signal coherent detection device provided by the application adopts coherent detection formed by phase delay between the first optical mirror module 1 and the second optical mirror module 2, and can obviously improve the fluorescence detection signal to noise ratio.
From the above derivation, to obtain a higher signal-to-noise ratio improvement, the number of the second optical mirror modules 2 may be plural, and the phase delays of the phase retarders of the plural second optical mirror modules may be set differently.
For flexibly designing the optical lens group, the first reflecting mirror assembly 13 includes a plurality of first reflecting mirrors, and the plurality of first reflecting mirrors sequentially reflect the light rays between the first diaphragm 12 and the first rear lens group 14; the second mirror assembly 23 includes a plurality of second mirrors which in turn reflect light between the second diaphragm 22 and the second rear mirror group 25.
In order to reduce the difficulty of installation and alignment between the optical lens groups and the photodetector 3, the coherent detection device further comprises at least two optical fiber assemblies 6, wherein the optical fiber assemblies 6 are designed in a mode of combining a space optical path and an optical fiber optical path, as shown in fig. 2, the optical reflection process is omitted in the figure, the optical fiber assemblies 6 comprise optical fiber coupling lenses 61 and optical fibers 62 which are connected in a one-to-one correspondence manner, one optical fiber coupling lens 61 is installed at the emergent end of the first rear lens group 14, and is used for guiding the atomic group fluorescent signals emitted from the first rear lens group 14 into the corresponding optical fibers 62; the other optical fiber coupling mirrors 61 are mounted on the emitting ends of the second rear mirror group 25, and are used for guiding the atomic group fluorescent signals emitted from the second rear mirror group 25 into the corresponding optical fibers 62, wherein the emitting ends of all the optical fibers 62 are connected to the photodetector 3.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the application is not intended to limit the application to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the application are intended to be included within the scope of the application.
Claims (5)
1. The cold atomic group fluorescent signal coherent detection device is characterized by comprising a first optical mirror module, at least one second optical mirror module, a photoelectric detector and a digital-to-analog converter;
the first optical lens module comprises a first front lens group, a first diaphragm, a first reflecting mirror component and a first rear lens group which are sequentially arranged along a light path, and the first front lens group is aligned with the cold atomic group;
the second optical lens module comprises a second front lens group, a second diaphragm, a second reflecting mirror assembly, a phase retarder and a second rear lens group which are sequentially arranged along the light path, and the second front lens group is aligned to the cold atomic group;
the photoelectric detector is connected with the digital-to-analog converter and is used for receiving the atomic group fluorescence signals emitted by the first rear mirror group and the second rear mirror group, and the digital-to-analog converter is used for converting the atomic group fluorescence signals into digital signals;
in the cold atomic group fluorescence signal coherent detection device, cold atomic groups to be observed are located in an ultrahigh vacuum system, uniformly distributed atomic gas is also present in the ultrahigh vacuum system, and the ultrahigh vacuum system is provided with a fluorescence observation window;
the first front lens group and the second front lens group are lens groups formed by a plurality of optical lenses, and the first rear lens group and the second rear lens group are lens groups formed by a plurality of optical lenses;
the first optical mirror module formed by the first front mirror group, the first diaphragm, the first reflecting mirror component and the first rear mirror group converges fluorescence emitted by cold atomic groups on the photoelectric detector; the second optical mirror module formed by the second front mirror group, the second diaphragm, the second reflecting mirror assembly, the phase retarder and the second rear mirror group is consistent with the first optical mirror module, and fluorescent light emitted by the cold atomic group is converged on the photoelectric detector;
the cold atomic group fluorescent signal coherent detection device adopts phase delay between the first optical mirror module and the second optical mirror module to form coherent detection.
2. The cold atomic group fluorescence signal coherence probe device of claim 1, wherein the number of the second optical mirror modules is plural, and phase delays of the phase retarders of the plurality of second optical mirror modules are set differently.
3. The cold-atomic-group fluorescence signal coherence probe of claim 1, wherein the first mirror assembly comprises a plurality of first mirrors that in turn reflect light between the first diaphragm and the first back mirror group.
4. The cold-atomic-group fluorescence signal coherence probe of claim 1, wherein the second mirror assembly comprises a plurality of second mirrors that in turn reflect light between the second diaphragm and the second back mirror group.
5. The cold atomic group fluorescence signal coherence detection device according to claim 1, further comprising at least two optical fiber assemblies, wherein the optical fiber assemblies comprise optical fiber coupling mirrors and optical fibers which are connected in a one-to-one correspondence manner, one of the optical fiber coupling mirrors is mounted at the emergent end of the first rear mirror group, and is used for guiding the atomic group fluorescence signal emitted from the first rear mirror group into the corresponding optical fiber; the other optical fiber coupling mirrors are arranged at the emergent ends of the second rear mirror group and are used for guiding the atomic group fluorescent signals emitted from the second rear mirror group into the corresponding optical fibers, and the emergent ends of all the optical fibers are connected to the photoelectric detector.
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