CN114412400A - Device and method for simulating mechanical coring drilling process of ice layer - Google Patents
Device and method for simulating mechanical coring drilling process of ice layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN114412400A CN114412400A CN202210112743.2A CN202210112743A CN114412400A CN 114412400 A CN114412400 A CN 114412400A CN 202210112743 A CN202210112743 A CN 202210112743A CN 114412400 A CN114412400 A CN 114412400A
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B25/00—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels or core extractors
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/008—Drilling ice or a formation covered by ice
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simulation device and a method for the mechanical coring drilling process of an ice layer, wherein the simulation device comprises a frame body, a moving frame, a motor and a drill bit, wherein the moving frame is connected to two sliding rods of the frame body through a sliding sleeve, the moving frame can slide up and down along the sliding rods, ice samples are placed on the moving frame, and the drill bit is arranged corresponding to the ice samples on the moving frame, and the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: mounting a cutting tool on a drill bit; step two: the movable frame freely slides downwards along the sliding rod; step three: gradually increasing the weight on bit from zero; step four: performing ice layer core cutting drilling; step five: completely releasing the movable frame; step six: recording the time period of the shading plate passing through the two photoelectric gate timers; step seven: taking out the ice core obtained by core drilling from the drill rod; step eight: the ice shaving granularity generated under different working conditions is obtained. Has the advantages that: the optimal drilling parameter combination under different working conditions is obtained, and a basis can be provided for polar ice layer core drill tool design and field drilling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a drilling process simulation device and method, in particular to a device and method for simulating a mechanical coring drilling process of an ice layer.
Background
At present, in the Antarctic exploration process, the advantages of high drilling speed of mechanical coring drilling of an ice layer, capability of obtaining a complete ice core and the like become an important component of the Antarctic ice layer drilling technology. The drilling speed, the ice chip granularity and the ice core quality are rating standards for the quality of the mechanical core drilling effect of the ice layer, the mechanical drilling speed determines the quality of the drilling tool design and the operation regulation, the ice chip granularity directly influences the ice chip removing effect, and the ice core quality is an index for evaluating the drilling target completion degree. In order to deeply research the mechanical core drilling of the ice layer and optimize and improve the drilling method, different drilling rules and cutting tool geometric structures and layout are particularly important to the law of influence on the mechanical drilling speed, the ice chip granularity and the ice core quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for simulating the mechanical coring drilling process of an ice layer, which are used for deeply researching the mechanical coring drilling of the ice layer, optimizing and improving the drilling method, and the influence rules of different drilling rules, cutting tool geometrical structures and layout on the mechanical drilling speed, the ice chip granularity and the ice core quality.
The invention provides a simulation device for the mechanical coring and drilling process of an ice layer, which comprises a frame body, a moving frame, a motor and a drill bit, wherein the moving frame is connected to two sliding rods of the frame body through a sliding sleeve, the moving frame can slide up and down along the sliding rods, an ice sample is placed on the moving frame, the drill bit is arranged corresponding to the ice sample on the moving frame, the bottom of the drill bit is connected with a drill rod, the lower part of the drill rod is connected with the motor, and the motor drives the drill bit to rotate through the drill rod.
The top of support body is equipped with two support frames, all is equipped with the fixed pulley on every support frame, winds on the fixed pulley and is equipped with the steel wire, and the one end of steel wire is connected with the top of removing the frame, and the other end of steel wire is connected with the balancing weight, makes to remove the frame and slides from top to bottom along the slide bar through the weight of adjusting the balancing weight.
Still be provided with the dead lever on the support body, be equipped with two photogate timers on the dead lever, two photogate timers correspond and remove the frame and set up, and the position that corresponds the photogate timer on removing the frame is provided with the light screen.
The top of every slide bar all is connected with two anti-torsion bars, and the lower extreme pin joint of two anti-torsion bars is on the base of support body.
The top end of the drill bit is provided with an experimental cutting tool for drilling an ice sample, the top end of the drill bit is also provided with a pad shoe for adjusting the cutting depth of the cutting tool, and an ice chip collecting disc for collecting ice chips is sleeved on a drill rod at the lower part of the drill bit.
The bottom of drilling rod is connected with the step shaft, the cover is equipped with the retainer cup on the step shaft, be connected through angular contact ball bearing between step shaft and the retainer cup, the output shaft of motor has the commutator through the coupling joint, the output shaft of commutator is connected with the lower extreme of step shaft, be equipped with torque sensor between the output shaft of commutator and the step shaft, torque sensor can gather the drilling data of drilling rod, the motor drives the drilling rod through commutator and step shaft and orders about the drill bit and rotate.
The motor is a stepping motor.
The motor, the commutator, the torque sensor and the photoelectric door timer are all assembled by existing equipment, and therefore specific models and specifications are not described in detail.
The invention provides a method for simulating a mechanical coring drilling process of an ice layer, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: after the simulation device is assembled according to the drilling working principle, the cutting tool to be tested is arranged on the drill bit according to the design experiment requirement, and the height of the pad shoe on the drill bit is adjusted, so that the cutting depth in the experiment process meets the experiment design requirement;
step two: fixing an ice sample for simulating an ice layer on the movable frame, so that the movable frame can slide down freely along the sliding rod according to the experimental requirements;
step three: the light high-strength steel wire which is connected with the balancing weight and bypasses the fixed pulley on the supporting frame is connected with the movable frame, so that the bit pressure applied between the cutting tool and the ice sample can be gradually increased from zero according to the experimental requirement;
step four: starting the stepping motor, gradually adjusting the rotating speed of the stepping motor according to a designed experimental scheme, and changing the rotating speed of the drill bit to realize ice layer coring, cutting and drilling at different rotating speeds;
step five: slowly releasing the movable frame, and completely releasing the movable frame after the drill bit cutting tool drills to a certain depth and stably drills to enable the movable frame to freely fall along the sliding rod;
step six: after the set depth of drilling is achieved and ice layer coring drilling work is stable, the photoelectric gate timer is opened, the photoelectric gate timer records the time period when the light screen passes through the two photoelectric gate timers, and the length of the same light screen is unchanged in each drilling experiment, so that the average drilling speed of the set depth of drilling at each time can be obtained through the process;
step seven: after drilling, taking out the ice core obtained by core drilling from the drill rod, and observing the integrity and the surface damage condition of the ice core to obtain the quality of the ice core obtained in the drilling process;
step eight: ice chips generated in the drilling process fall into the ice chip collecting tray, and after the core drilling process is finished, the ice chips in the ice chip collecting tray are screened and classified to obtain ice chip granularity generated under different working conditions.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the ice sample in the device and the method for simulating the mechanical coring drilling process of the ice layer provided by the invention freely slides downwards only under the action of gravity; installing cutting tools with different geometric structures to be researched on a drill bit in a layout form to be researched, adjusting the height of a pad shoe on the drill bit to enable the cutting depth of the cutting tools to reach the designed depth, fixing an ice sample on a movable frame and enabling the ice sample to freely slide downwards along the movable frame, increasing or decreasing a counter weight passing over a fixed pulley and enabling the drilling pressure to be randomly changed from zero to the designed maximum value; starting a stepping motor system, and adjusting the rotating speed of the stepping motor to enable the rotating speed of the drill bit to start coring and drilling according to the designed rotating speed; and slowly releasing the movable frame, and completely releasing the movable frame after the drill bit cutting tool drills to a certain depth and stably drills to enable the movable frame to freely fall along the sliding rod.
And opening a photoelectric gate timer after the drilling is stable, recording the time period when the light screen blocks the photoelectric gate by the photoelectric gate timer, using the same light screen in the drilling experiment every time, keeping the light-blocking length unchanged, and obtaining the average drilling speed of a certain depth of drilling every time according to the displacement time relation. After the ice layer coring drilling is finished each time, the obtained ice core is taken out, the integrity of the ice core and the damage condition of the surface are observed to obtain different cutting tool structures and layouts, and the cutting depth, the drilling pressure and the influence rule of the rotating speed of the drill bit on the quality of the ice core in the drilling process are obtained. And screening and classifying the ice chips in the ice chip collecting disc to obtain the influence rules of different cutting tool structures, different layouts, different cutting depths in the drilling process, different drilling pressures and different drill bit rotating speeds on the ice chip granularity.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the south pole working environment is severe, the working time is limited every year, so that the ice layer coring drilling is carried out on the south pole at the fastest drilling speed, the rapid coring drilling is carried out on the south pole ice cover, the main purpose of obtaining the ice core under the south pole ice cover is to obtain the ice core, and if the complete and continuous ice core cannot be obtained, the subsequent research value of the ice core is obviously reduced; the failure of core drilling can be caused by the fact that ice chips cannot be discharged in time in the core drilling process, and the granularity of the ice chips is closely related to the ice chip reverse discharging effect. However, the limit drilling speed of the mechanical drilling tool at the current stage is not explored, factors and rules influencing the ice core quality are not obtained, and the rules influencing the ice chip granularity by the cutting tool structure, the layout, the cutting depth and the bit pressure in the drilling process and the drill bit rotating speed under different working conditions are not deeply studied.
The simulation device provided by the invention can completely simulate the mechanical core drilling process of an ice layer, realizes that single or more variables in the drilling process are adjustable, and can effectively evaluate the influence rules of the structure and layout of the cutting tool in the drilling process, the cutting depth, the drilling pressure and the drill bit rotating speed in the drilling process on the drilling speed, the ice core quality and the ice chip granularity. And the optimal drilling parameter combination under different working conditions is obtained, and a basis can be provided for polar ice layer core drill tool design and field drilling.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the simulation apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the drill bit according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a stepped shaft structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the connection relationship of the motor according to the present invention.
The labels in the above figures are as follows:
1. frame body 2, moving frame 3, motor 4, drill bit 5, sliding sleeve 6 and sliding rod
7. Ice sample 8, drill rod 9, support frame 10, fixed pulley 11, steel wire 12 and balancing weight
13. Fixing rod 14, photoelectric door timer 15, shading plate 16, cutter 17 and pad shoe
18. Stepped shaft 19, sleeve cup 20, angular contact ball bearing 21, coupling 22 and commutator
23. A torque sensor 24, an ice debris collecting tray 25, and a counter torsion bar.
Detailed Description
Please refer to fig. 1 to 4:
the invention provides a simulation device for the mechanical coring and drilling process of an ice layer, which comprises a frame body 1, a moving frame 2, a motor 3 and a drill bit 4, wherein the moving frame 2 is connected to two slide bars 6 of the frame body 1 through a sliding sleeve 5, the moving frame 2 can slide up and down along the slide bars 6, an ice sample 7 is placed on the moving frame 2, the drill bit 4 is arranged corresponding to the ice sample 7 on the moving frame 2, the bottom of the drill bit 4 is connected with a drill rod 8, the lower part of the drill rod 8 is connected with the motor 3, and the motor 3 drives the drill bit 4 to rotate through the drill rod 8.
The top of support body 1 is equipped with two support frames 9, all is equipped with fixed pulley 10 on every support frame 9, around being equipped with steel wire 11 on the fixed pulley 10, and the one end of steel wire 11 is connected with the top of removing frame 2, and the other end of steel wire 11 is connected with balancing weight 12, and weight through adjusting balancing weight 12 makes to remove frame 2 and slides from top to bottom along slide bar 6.
Still be provided with dead lever 13 on the support body 1, be equipped with two photogate timers 14 on the dead lever 13, two photogate timers 14 correspond and remove frame 2 and set up, and the position that corresponds photogate timer 14 on removing frame 2 is provided with light screen 15.
The top end of each slide bar 6 is connected with two anti-torsion bars 25, and the lower ends of the two anti-torsion bars 25 are pivoted on the base of the frame body 1.
The top end of the drill bit 4 is provided with a cutting tool 16 for experiment for drilling the ice sample 7, the top end of the drill bit 4 is also provided with a pad shoe 17 for cutting depth adjustment of the cutting tool 16, and an ice chip collecting disc 24 is sleeved on a drill rod 8 at the lower part of the drill bit 4 for collecting ice chips.
The bottom of drilling rod 8 is connected with step shaft 18, the cover is equipped with retainer cup 19 on the step shaft 18, be connected through angular contact ball bearing 20 between step shaft 18 and the retainer cup 19, the output shaft of motor 3 is connected with commutator 22 through shaft coupling 21, the output shaft of commutator 22 is connected with the lower extreme of step shaft 18, be equipped with torque sensor 23 between output shaft of commutator 22 and the step shaft 18, torque sensor 23 can gather the drilling data of drilling rod 8, motor 3 drives drilling rod 8 through commutator 22 and step shaft 18 and drives drill bit 4 and rotate.
The motor 3 is a stepping motor.
The motor 3, the commutator 22, the torque sensor 23 and the optical gate timer 14 are all assembled by existing equipment, and therefore, the specific model and specification are not described in detail.
The invention provides a method for simulating a mechanical coring drilling process of an ice layer, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: after the simulation device is assembled according to the drilling working principle, a cutting tool 16 to be tested is arranged on the drill bit 4 according to the design experiment requirement, and the height of a pad shoe 17 on the drill bit 4 is adjusted, so that the cutting depth in the experiment process meets the experiment design requirement;
step two: fixing an ice sample 7 for simulating an ice layer on the movable frame 2, so that the movable frame 2 can slide down freely along the sliding rod 6 according to the experimental requirements;
step three: the light high-strength steel wire 11 which is connected with the balancing weight 12 and bypasses the fixed pulley 10 on the supporting frame 9 is connected with the moving frame 2, so that the bit pressure applied between the cutting tool 16 and the ice sample 7 can be gradually increased from zero according to the experimental requirements;
step four: starting the stepping motor 3, gradually adjusting the rotating speed of the stepping motor 3 according to a designed experimental scheme, and changing the rotating speed of the drill bit 4 to realize ice layer coring, cutting and drilling at different rotating speeds;
step five: slowly releasing the movable frame 2, and completely releasing the movable frame 2 after the cutting tool 16 of the drill bit 4 drills to a certain depth and the drilling is stable, so that the movable frame freely falls along the sliding rod 6;
step six: after the set depth of drilling is achieved and ice layer coring drilling is stable, the photoelectric gate timer 14 is opened, the photoelectric gate timer 14 records the time period when the light shading plate 15 passes through the two photoelectric gate timers 14, and the length of the same light shading plate 15 is unchanged because the same light shading plate 15 is used in each drilling experiment, so that the average drilling speed of the set depth of drilling at each time can be obtained through the process;
step seven: after drilling, taking out the ice core obtained by core drilling from the drill rod 8, and observing the integrity and the surface damage condition of the ice core to obtain the quality of the ice core obtained in the drilling process;
step eight: the ice chips generated in the drilling process fall into the ice chip collecting tray 24, and after the core drilling process is finished, the ice chips in the ice chip collecting tray 24 are screened and classified to obtain the ice chip granularity generated under different working conditions.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the ice sample 7 in the device and the method for simulating the mechanical coring drilling process of the ice layer provided by the invention freely slides downwards only under the action of gravity; installing cutting tools 16 to be researched with different geometric structures on a drill bit 4 in a layout form to be researched, adjusting the height of a pad shoe 17 on the drill bit 4 to enable the cutting depth of the cutting tools 16 to reach the designed depth, fixing an ice sample 7 on a movable frame 2 and enabling the ice sample to freely slide downwards along with the movable frame 2, increasing or decreasing a balance weight bypassing a fixed pulley 10, and enabling the drilling pressure to be randomly changed from zero to the designed maximum value; starting a stepping motor 3 system, and adjusting the rotating speed of the stepping motor 3 to enable the rotating speed of the drill bit 4 to start coring drilling according to the designed rotating speed; and slowly releasing the movable frame 2, and completely releasing the movable frame 2 after the cutting tool 16 of the drill bit 4 drills to a certain depth and the drilling is stable, so that the movable frame freely falls along the sliding rod 6.
And after the drilling is stable, the photoelectric gate timer 14 is opened, the photoelectric gate timer 14 records the time period when the light screen 15 shields the photoelectric gate, the same light screen 15 is used in each drilling experiment, the light shielding length is unchanged, and the average drilling speed of a certain depth of drilling at each time is obtained through the displacement time relation. After the ice layer coring drilling is finished each time, the obtained ice core is taken out, the integrity of the ice core and the damage condition of the surface are observed to obtain the influence rules of the structures and the layouts of the different cutting tools 16, the cutting depth and the drilling pressure in the drilling process and the rotating speed of the drill bit 4 on the quality of the ice core in the drilling process. And screening and classifying the ice scraps in the ice scrap collecting disc 24 to obtain the influence rules of the structures and the layouts of different cutting tools 16, the cutting depth and the drilling pressure in the drilling process and the rotating speed of the drill bit 4 on the granularity of the ice scraps.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides an ice formation machinery coring drilling process analogue means which characterized in that: including the support body, remove frame, motor and drill bit, wherein remove the frame and connect on two slide bars of support body through the sliding sleeve, remove the frame and can follow the slide bar and slide from top to bottom, remove and have placed the ice appearance on the frame, the ice appearance that the drill bit correspondence removed on the frame sets up, the bottom of drill bit is connected with the drilling rod, the lower part and the motor of drilling rod are connected, the motor orders about the drill bit through the drilling rod and rotates.
2. The device for simulating the mechanical coring drilling process of the ice layer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the top of support body be equipped with two support frames, all be equipped with the fixed pulley on every support frame, around being equipped with the steel wire on the fixed pulley, the one end of steel wire is connected with the top of removing the frame, the other end of steel wire is connected with the balancing weight, makes to remove the frame and slides from top to bottom along the slide bar through the weight of adjusting the balancing weight.
3. The device for simulating the mechanical coring drilling process of the ice layer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the support body on still be provided with the dead lever, be equipped with two photogate timers on the dead lever, two photogate timers correspond and remove the frame and set up, remove the position that corresponds the photogate timer on the frame and be provided with the light screen.
4. The device for simulating the mechanical coring drilling process of the ice layer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the top end of each sliding rod is connected with two anti-torsion bars, and the lower ends of the two anti-torsion bars are pivoted on the base of the frame body.
5. The device for simulating the mechanical coring drilling process of the ice layer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the top end of the drill bit is provided with a cutting tool for experiments to drill ice samples, the top end of the drill bit is also provided with a pad shoe to adjust the cutting depth of the cutting tool, and an ice chip collecting disc is sleeved on a drill rod at the lower part of the drill bit to collect ice chips.
6. The device for simulating the mechanical coring drilling process of the ice layer as claimed in claim 1 or 5, wherein: the bottom of drilling rod be connected with the step shaft, the cover is equipped with the retainer cup on the step shaft, be connected through angular contact ball bearing between step shaft and the retainer cup, the output shaft of motor has the commutator through the coupling joint, the output shaft of commutator is connected with the lower extreme of step shaft, be equipped with torque sensor between the output shaft of commutator and the step shaft, torque sensor can gather the drilling data of drilling rod, the motor drives the drilling rod through commutator and step shaft and orders about the drill bit and rotate.
7. The device for simulating the mechanical coring drilling process of the ice layer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the motor is a stepping motor.
8. A method for simulating the mechanical coring drilling process of an ice layer is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: after the simulation device is assembled according to the drilling working principle, the cutting tool to be tested is arranged on the drill bit according to the design experiment requirement, and the height of the pad shoe on the drill bit is adjusted, so that the cutting depth in the experiment process meets the experiment design requirement;
step two: fixing an ice sample for simulating an ice layer on the movable frame, so that the movable frame can slide down freely along the sliding rod according to the experimental requirements;
step three: the light high-strength steel wire which is connected with the balancing weight and bypasses the fixed pulley on the supporting frame is connected with the movable frame, so that the bit pressure applied between the cutting tool and the ice sample can be gradually increased from zero according to the experimental requirement;
step four: starting the stepping motor, gradually adjusting the rotating speed of the stepping motor according to a designed experimental scheme, and changing the rotating speed of the drill bit to realize ice layer coring, cutting and drilling at different rotating speeds;
step five: slowly releasing the movable frame, and completely releasing the movable frame after the drill bit cutting tool drills to a certain depth and stably drills to enable the movable frame to freely fall along the sliding rod;
step six: after the set depth of drilling is achieved and ice layer coring drilling work is stable, the photoelectric gate timer is opened, the photoelectric gate timer records the time period when the light screen passes through the two photoelectric gate timers, and the length of the same light screen is unchanged in each drilling experiment, so that the average drilling speed of the set depth of drilling at each time can be obtained through the process;
step seven: after drilling, taking out the ice core obtained by core drilling from the drill rod, and observing the integrity and the surface damage condition of the ice core to obtain the quality of the ice core obtained in the drilling process;
step eight: ice chips generated in the drilling process fall into the ice chip collecting tray, and after the core drilling process is finished, the ice chips in the ice chip collecting tray are screened and classified to obtain ice chip granularity generated under different working conditions.
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| CN202210112743.2A CN114412400B (en) | 2022-01-29 | 2022-01-29 | Device and method for simulating mechanical coring drilling process of ice layer |
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| CN202210112743.2A CN114412400B (en) | 2022-01-29 | 2022-01-29 | Device and method for simulating mechanical coring drilling process of ice layer |
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