CN114411850B - Gravity breaking hammer and automatic control method thereof - Google Patents
Gravity breaking hammer and automatic control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114411850B CN114411850B CN202210309690.3A CN202210309690A CN114411850B CN 114411850 B CN114411850 B CN 114411850B CN 202210309690 A CN202210309690 A CN 202210309690A CN 114411850 B CN114411850 B CN 114411850B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/96—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements for alternate or simultaneous use of different digging elements
- E02F3/966—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements for alternate or simultaneous use of different digging elements of hammer-type tools
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
- E02F5/30—Auxiliary apparatus, e.g. for thawing, cracking, blowing-up, or other preparatory treatment of the soil
- E02F5/305—Arrangements for breaking-up hard ground
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2217—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives with energy recovery arrangements, e.g. using accumulators, flywheels
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a gravity breaking hammer and a control method thereof, wherein the gravity breaking hammer comprises: a barrel; a drill rod; a hammer block; the piston cylinder comprises a cylinder barrel and a piston rod fixedly connected with the hammer block; driving the pump; the fluid pipeline is connected between the driving pump and the piston cylinder; the control valve assembly is arranged on the fluid pipeline; the first detection device is used for detecting whether the hammer block reaches a first position on the cylinder body or not in the process of moving the hammer block upwards; a control device in signal connection with the control valve assembly and the first detection device, including a timing device, the control device configured to: when the first detection device detects that the hammer block reaches the first position in the upward movement process of the hammer block, the control device controls the control valve assembly to cut off the communication between the driving pump and the piston cylinder after first time so that the hammer block continues to move upward under the action of inertia, and controls the control valve assembly to act so that the hammer block starts to move downward after second time after the communication between the driving pump and the piston cylinder is cut off.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of crushing operation, in particular to a gravity type crushing hammer and an automatic control method thereof.
Background
The breaking hammer is a breaker which is arranged on an excavator and a loader and is used for breaking stones, rocks, concrete slabs and the like, and plays an important role in the application of a plurality of fields such as mineral exploitation, civil buildings and the like. Most of the existing breaking hammers are hydraulic breaking hammers, a drill rod is beaten through a hammer head of a piston rod to break, the hammer head of the hydraulic breaking hammer is light in weight, power for hammering the drill rod mainly comes from hydraulic oil, the drill rod can be kept horizontal to break in the horizontal direction, or the drill rod can be kept vertical to break in the vertical direction, the use scene is flexible, and the beating force of hammering is not large enough. And when the rock crushing operation is performed, the automation degree is low mainly through foot-operated and manual control.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a gravity breaking hammer of the gravity breaking hammer and an automatic control method thereof, which have the advantages of good breaking effect and high automation degree.
The invention discloses in a first aspect a gravity-type breaking hammer, comprising:
a cylinder body;
the drill rod is movably arranged at the lower end of the cylinder body relative to the cylinder body along the axial direction of the cylinder body;
the hammer block is arranged in the cylinder and used for moving upwards along the axial direction of the cylinder to lift the height and moving downwards to hammer the drill rod during working;
the piston cylinder is arranged on the cylinder body and comprises a cylinder barrel and a piston rod fixedly connected with the hammer block;
a drive pump for pumping a fluid medium in operation;
the fluid pipeline is connected between the driving pump and the piston cylinder and is used for conveying a fluid medium;
the control valve assembly is arranged on the fluid pipeline and used for controlling the flow and the direction of the fluid medium entering and exiting the piston cylinder so as to control the action of the piston rod;
the first detection device is used for detecting whether the hammer block reaches a first position on the cylinder body or not in the process of moving the hammer block upwards;
a control device in signal connection with the control valve assembly and the first detection device, including a timing device, the control device configured to: when the first detection device detects that the hammer block reaches the first position in the upward movement process of the hammer block, the control device controls the control valve assembly to cut off the communication between the driving pump and the piston cylinder after first time so as to enable the hammer block to continue to move upward under the action of inertia, and after second time passes after the communication between the driving pump and the piston cylinder is cut off, the control device controls the control valve assembly to act so as to enable the hammer block to start to move downward.
In some embodiments, the hammer control device further comprises a second detection device in signal connection with the control device for detecting whether the hammer block reaches a second position on the cylinder during downward movement of the hammer block when in operation, the second position being located below the first position along the axis of the cylinder, the control device being configured to: when the second detection device detects that the hammer block reaches the second position during the downward movement of the hammer block, and after a third time, the control device controls the control valve assembly to act so that the piston rod drives the hammer block to start to move upwards again, wherein the third time is configured to enable the hammer block to move downwards along the axial direction of the cylinder to a position capable of hammering the drill rod before the upward movement is started again.
In some embodiments, the control device is configured to: after the hammer block starts to move upwards again for a fourth time, when the first detection device does not detect that the hammer block reaches the first position, the control valve group is controlled to act so as to stop the gravity breaking hammer.
In some embodiments, the control device is configured to: after the hammer block starts to move downwards and a fifth time elapses, when the second detection device does not detect that the hammer block reaches the second position, the control valve group is controlled to act so as to stop the gravity breaking hammer.
In some embodiments, the hammer device further comprises a third detection device in signal connection with the control device for detecting whether the hammer block moves to an upper limit position when in operation, the upper limit position is located above the first position along the axial direction of the cylinder, and the control device is configured to: when the third detection device detects that the hammer block reaches the upper limit position, the control valve group is controlled to act so as to stop the gravity breaking hammer.
In some embodiments, the first detection device and the third detection device respectively comprise a first position sensor and a third position sensor arranged on the cylinder, and the position of the third position sensor is higher than that of the first position sensor along the axial direction of the cylinder.
In some embodiments, further comprising:
the fourth detection device is in signal connection with the control device and is used for detecting whether the drill rod is in a hammering position or not during working;
the control device is configured to: and in operation, the control valve assembly is controlled to act according to the detection result of the fourth detection device.
In some embodiments, the control device is configured to: and when the drill rod is not in the hammering position, controlling the control valve group to act so as to stop the gravity type breaking hammer.
In some embodiments, the fourth detecting device includes a fourth position sensor disposed on the cylinder in signal connection with the control device, the fourth position sensor detects the drill rod when the upper end of the drill rod is higher than a fourth position on the cylinder in the axial direction of the cylinder, the control device determines that the drill rod is in the hammering position, the fourth position sensor does not detect the drill rod when the upper end of the drill rod is lower than the fourth position in the axial direction of the cylinder, and the control device determines that the drill rod is not in the hammering position.
In some embodiments, the control valve assembly includes a first on-off valve for controlling whether the drive pump is in communication with the piston cylinder and a reversing valve for controlling the direction of flow of the fluid medium to and from the piston cylinder.
In some embodiments, the piston cylinder includes a first chamber and a second chamber, the piston rod drives the hammer block to move downward when the drive pump pumps the fluid medium to the first chamber of the piston cylinder, and the piston rod drives the hammer block to move upward when the drive pump pumps the fluid medium to the second chamber of the piston cylinder, the gravity type breaking hammer further includes an accumulator disposed on the fluid line, the accumulator is connected to the first chamber, the control valve assembly further includes a second on-off valve disposed between the accumulator and the first chamber for controlling whether the accumulator is connected to the first chamber, the second on-off valve is in signal connection with the control device, and the control device is configured to: after the control device controls the control valve assembly to cut off communication between the drive pump and the piston cylinder after the first time, the control device controls the second cut-off valve to communicate the energy accumulator with the first cavity so that the energy accumulator recovers energy from the first cavity, and after the second time elapses after the cut-off communication between the drive pump and the piston cylinder, the control device controls the second cut-off valve to communicate the energy accumulator with the first cavity so that the energy accumulator releases energy to the first cavity.
The second aspect of the present invention discloses an automatic control method for a gravity type breaking hammer, which is applied to any one of the gravity type breaking hammers, and comprises:
when the hammer block is detected to reach the first position in the upward movement process of the hammer block, the control valve assembly is utilized to cut off the communication between the driving pump and the piston cylinder so that the hammer block continues to move upward under the action of inertia, and after a second time passes after the communication between the driving pump and the piston cylinder is cut off, the control valve assembly is controlled to act so that the hammer block starts to move downward.
In some embodiments, further comprising:
detecting whether the hammer block reaches a second position on the cylinder body during the downward movement of the hammer block, controlling the control valve assembly to act so that the piston rod drives the hammer block to start moving upwards again after a third time elapses after the hammer block reaches the second position on the cylinder body during the downward movement of the hammer block, wherein the third time is configured to enable the hammer block to move downwards along the axial direction of the cylinder body to a position capable of hammering the drill rod before the hammer block starts moving upwards again.
In some embodiments, further comprising:
and after the hammer block starts to move upwards again and a fourth time elapses, stopping the gravity breaking hammer when the hammer block is not detected to reach the first position on the cylinder.
In some embodiments, further comprising:
and after the hammer block starts to move downwards and a fifth time elapses, stopping the gravity type breaking hammer when the hammer block is not detected to reach the second position on the cylinder.
In some embodiments, further comprising:
and detecting whether the hammer block moves to an upper limit position, wherein the upper limit position is positioned above the first position along the axial direction of the barrel, and when the hammer block is detected to reach the upper limit position, stopping the gravity type breaking hammer.
In some embodiments, further comprising: and detecting whether the drill rod is in a hammerable position, and stopping the gravity type breaking hammer when the drill rod is not in the hammerable position.
According to the gravity breaking hammer provided by the invention, the drill rod is hammered by the hammer block with larger mass, the hammering force of hammering is large, and the breaking effect is good. Whether the hammer block reaches the first position or not is detected in the upward movement process of the hammer block, and the communication between the driving pump and the piston cylinder is cut off after the hammer block reaches the first position, so that the hammer block continues to move upwards under the action of inertia, the kinetic energy is converted towards the direction of gravitational potential energy, and the hammer block is more stably decelerated under the condition that the hammer block is controlled to be more energy-saving in the upward movement process. By reasonably setting the first time and the second time, the periodic switching of the upward movement and the downward movement of the hammer block can be more stable and energy-saving.
Other features of the present invention and advantages thereof will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of a partial structure of a gravity type breaking hammer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a control principle of the gravity type breaking hammer according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless it is specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "above … … surface," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial relationship to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" can include both an orientation of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may be otherwise variously oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
As shown in fig. 1, the gravity type breaking hammer of the present embodiment includes a cylinder 11, a drill rod 12, a hammer block 13, a piston cylinder, a drive pump, a fluid line, a control valve assembly, a first detecting device 21, and a control device 167.
The gravity type breaking hammer has larger mass than a hammer block of the traditional hydraulic type breaking hammer, mainly depends on the gravity of the hammer block when a drill rod is hammered, and has larger hitting force when the drill rod is hammered. The traditional hydraulic breaking hammer can perform breaking work in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction (namely, a drill rod can be arranged along the vertical direction or the horizontal direction during working, the striking force of a hammer striking rod is arranged along the vertical direction or the horizontal direction), the gravity breaking hammer mainly depends on the gravity hammer striking rod of a hammer block, the gravity breaking hammer cannot perform breaking work in the horizontal direction, and mainly works in the vertical direction or the direction close to the vertical direction (for example, in the range of forming an included angle of 30 degrees with the vertical direction), as shown in fig. 1, the drill rod of the gravity breaking hammer is arranged along the drill rod 12 in the vertical direction or the direction close to the vertical direction during working.
The drill rod 12 is provided at the lower end of the cylinder 11 movably relative to the cylinder 11 in the axial direction of the cylinder 11. The cylinder 11 includes a cavity for mounting components such as a hammer block, a piston cylinder, and a drill rod, and the cylinder 11 may have a cylindrical shape as shown in fig. 1, and may have a square cylinder or other irregular shapes in some embodiments not shown in the drawings. The barrel 11 can be provided with parts such as a hammer block, a piston cylinder, a drill rod and the like, and can be used for normally crushing all parts, and the barrel 11 can be in various shapes without redundant requirements. The axial direction of the cylinder 11 refers to the direction of the striking force of the hammer drill rod 12 when the gravity type breaking hammer operates, and the axial direction of the cylinder 11 having a more standard outer shape or the cylinder having a square outer shape as shown in fig. 1 is the direction of the central axis of the cylinder, and the axial direction of the cylinder 11 having an irregular outer shape may be defined as the moving direction of the hammer block 13 located therein. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the axial direction of the cylinder, the direction of movement of the hammer block and the direction of extension of the drill rod are all the same. The orientations of "up", "down", "upper", "lower", "above", "below", "upper side" and "lower side" of the present application are all referred to with reference to the orientation of the gravity hammer during normal operation in or near the direction of gravity, as in the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the gravity hammer is in a substantially vertical orientation with the drill rod 12 below the block 13, the drill rod 12 being mounted at the lower end of the barrel 11. The drill rod is moved within a limited range in the axial direction of the cylinder 11 at the lower end of the cylinder 11, so that a broken object such as rock located below the drill rod 12 can be drilled and broken by the hammering action of the hammer block.
A hammer block 13 is provided in the barrel 11, the hammer block 13 being adapted to move upwardly in the axial direction of the barrel 11 to raise the height and downwardly to hammer the drill rod 12 in operation. The mass and inertia of the hammer block 13 are large, and when the gravity breaking hammer performs a breaking operation, the hammer block 13 reciprocates in the axial direction of the cylinder 11. The hammer block 13 falls down from a high position to hammer the drill rod 12, after the drill rod 12 is hammered, the hammer block 13 is driven by the piston rod 13 to move upwards to lift the drill rod 12 to the high position, then the movement direction is changed to move downwards, the drill rod 12 is hammered again, and the next period of crushing work is carried out.
The piston cylinder is arranged on the cylinder body 11 and comprises a cylinder barrel 131 and a piston rod 132 fixedly connected with the hammer block 13. The drive pump is used for pumping fluid medium when in work; a fluid line is connected between the drive pump and the piston cylinder for conveying a fluid medium, and a control valve assembly is provided on the fluid line for controlling the flow and direction of fluid medium into and out of the piston cylinder to control the action of the piston rod 132. The piston cylinder comprises a driving cylinder which is driven by introducing fluid media such as an air cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder or a gas-liquid mixing cylinder (the gas-liquid mixing cylinder is provided with a plurality of cavities, and gas and hydraulic oil can be independently introduced to serve as the fluid media respectively), the corresponding fluid media can be gas, hydraulic oil or gas, hydraulic oil and the like, and the driving pump can comprise an air pump and/or a hydraulic pump and the like. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1 and 2, the drive pump comprises a hydraulic pump 142 and a drive motor 141, the fluid medium is hydraulic oil, the fluid line is a hydraulic line, the piston cylinder is a hydraulic cylinder, the drive pump draws hydraulic oil from an oil tank 169 and pumps the hydraulic oil to the piston cylinder, and the control valve assembly is used for controlling the movement and reversing of the piston rod 132 of the hydraulic cylinder.
The first detecting device 21 is configured to detect whether the hammer block 13 reaches the first position 111 on the cylinder 11 in the axial direction of the cylinder 11 during the upward movement of the hammer block 13. As shown in fig. 2, the first position 111 is a position in the axial direction of the cylinder 11, and whether the weight 13 reaches the first position 111 on the cylinder 11 means whether the position of the weight 13 in the axial direction of the cylinder 11 is the same as the first position 111. The position of the hammer block 13 being the same as the first position 111 may refer to the upper end surface of the hammer block 13 being aligned with the first position 111, or the lower end surface of the hammer block 13 being aligned with the first position 111, or some other part of the hammer block 13 being aligned with the first position 111, and the alignment may be achieved by providing a detection signal point for cooperating with the first detection device 21 on the upper end surface, the lower end surface, or some position of the hammer block 13, and in the embodiment shown in fig. 1 and 2, the position of the hammer block 13 being the same as the first position 111 may refer to the upper end surface of the hammer block 13 being aligned with the first position 111 as long as any part of the hammer block 13 is aligned with the first position 111 in the axial direction of the cylinder 11, which means that the hammer block 13 is the same as the first position 111 on the cylinder 11, and this detection may be achieved in various ways, for example, the first detection device is a photoelectric sensor, and when the infrared of the photoelectric sensor in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the cylinder 11 is blocked by the hammer block 13, that is the first position 111, that is the hammer block 13, which is the same as the detection means It is detected that the hammer block 13 is aligned with the first position.
Control means 167 is in signal connection with the control valve assembly and the first detection means 21, the control means 167 comprising timing means. Control device 167 is configured to: when the first detection device 21 detects that the hammer block 13 reaches the first position 111 during the upward movement of the hammer block 13, the control device 167 controls the control valve assembly to cut off the communication between the driving pump and the piston cylinder after a first time so as to enable the hammer block 13 to continue to move upward under the inertia effect, and after a second time elapses after the communication between the driving pump and the piston cylinder is cut off, the control device 167 controls the control valve assembly to operate so as to enable the hammer block 13 to start to move downward.
The time counting means includes a timer and the like. During the working cycle of the gravity breaking hammer, the hammer block 13 moves upwards to raise the height after hammering the drill rod 12 from the bottom below the cylinder 11, changes the moving direction to move downwards towards the drill rod 12 after reaching the high height, and moves upwards again after hammering the drill rod 12 to perform the working cycle. The hammer block 13 starts to move upwards from the bottom below the cylinder 11 and is driven by the piston rod 132, and the control valve assembly drives the fluid medium pumped out by the pump to enter the piston cylinder through control, so as to drive the piston rod 132 to move upwards and drive the hammer block 13 fixedly connected with the piston rod 132 to move upwards. The hammer block 13 is located below the first position 111 before the hammer drill rod 12 finishes and starts to move upwards, and during the upward movement, when it is detected that the hammer block 13 reaches the first position, the control valve assembly cuts off the communication between the driving pump and the piston cylinder through the action of the reversing valve, the on-off valve and some other valves after a first time (the first time may be 0 or an appropriate time not equal to 0), at this time, the driving pump no longer pumps fluid medium into the piston cylinder, i.e., the piston cylinder is no longer driven by power, at this time, because the piston rod and the hammer block 13 also have the upward movement speed, under the inertia effect, the piston rod and the hammer block 13 can continue to move upwards, the hammer block 13 continues to lift, at this time, the kinetic energy of the piston rod 132 and the hammer block 13 is converted into gravitational potential energy, in some other embodiments where energy recovery devices such as an accumulator are provided, a part of the kinetic energy of the piston rod 132 and the hammer block 13 is recovered by the energy recovery device, the other part is converted into gravitational potential energy. After the second time has elapsed, the control valve assembly operates to switch the direction of movement of the hammer block 13, and the hammer block 13 becomes moved downward. Since the hammer block 13 is located at a high position, the hammer block 13 can start to move downwards by communicating the piston cylinder with the driving pump, and the piston rod is driven to move downwards by introducing a fluid medium into a chamber of the piston cylinder to drive the hammer block 13 to move. The driving pump and the piston cylinder are not communicated, and the hammer block 13 can move downwards under the action of gravity by enabling the piston cylinder to be in a floating state (the piston rod is in a state of unpowered driving and freely stretching and retracting) due to the fact that the hammer block 13 has gravitational potential energy. The second time may be a period of time other than 0 and is preferably configured such that the time it takes for the velocity of the ram 13 to be exactly 0 when moving upwards under inertia after communication between the drive pump and the piston cylinder is cut off.
The gravity breaking hammer of the embodiment uses the hammer block 13 with larger mass to hammer the drill rod 12, so that the striking force of the hammer is large, and the breaking effect is good. Whether the hammer block 13 reaches the first position 111 or not is detected in the upward moving process of the hammer block 13, and after the hammer block 13 reaches the first position 111, the communication between the driving pump and the piston cylinder is cut off, so that the hammer block 13 continues to move upwards under the action of inertia, the kinetic energy is converted towards the direction of gravitational potential energy, the hammer block 13 is more stably decelerated while the control of the breaking hammer in the upward moving process of the hammer block 13 is more energy-saving, the control flow is reasonable, and the working efficiency is high. By reasonably setting the first time and the second time, the periodic switching of the upward movement and the downward movement of the hammer block 13 can be made more stable and energy-saving.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the gravity breaking hammer further comprises a second detecting device 22 in signal connection with the control device 167 for detecting whether the hammer block 13 reaches the second position 112 on the barrel 11 during downward movement of the hammer block 13, as shown in fig. 1, the second position 112 being located below the first position 111 along the axis of the barrel 11, the control device 167 being configured to: in operation, after the second detecting device 22 detects that the hammer block 13 reaches the second position 112 during the downward movement of the hammer block 13, and a third time elapses, the control device 167 controls the control valve assembly to operate so as to make the piston rod 132, which drives the hammer block 13, start to move upward again, wherein the third time is configured to enable the hammer block 13 to move downward along the axial direction of the cylinder 11 to a position capable of hammering the drill rod 12 before starting to move upward again. The detection method of the second detection device 22 and the manner of determining whether or not the weight 13 has reached the second position 112 in the present embodiment are the same as the manner of matching the first detection device 21 and the first position 111 in the above-described embodiment. In this embodiment, after the hammer block 13 starts to move downwards after switching the motion direction from the high position, when the hammer block 13 reaches the second position 112, the timing device starts to time, and after a third time, the valve assembly is controlled to operate to open the next cycle of upward movement of the hammer block 13. The third time of the present embodiment is not 0 and is set to be equal to or longer than, preferably equal to, the time from when the hammer block 13 starts to fall from reaching the second position to when hammering to the drill rod 12 is completed. The third time can be set by measuring the gravity to set the time reference design for the hammer block 13 of the breaking hammer to fall from reaching the second position to complete the hammering to the drill rod 12.
In some embodiments, the control device 167 is configured to: after the fourth time elapses since the upward movement of the hammer block 13 is started again, when the first detecting device 21 does not detect that the hammer block 13 reaches the first position 111, the control valve group is operated to stop the operation of the gravity breaking hammer. The fourth time is the time required by the hammer block 13 to start moving upwards from the bottom after the hammer block 13 finishes hammering the drill rod 12 and starts to reach the first position 111 after the hammer block 13 starts to move upwards when the gravity type breaking hammer works normally, and an error time is added, when the hammer block 13 is not detected at the first position yet in the process of moving the hammer block 13 upwards for the fourth time, which indicates that the upward moving speed of the hammer block 13 is too low or a fault occurs, at this time, the gravity type breaking hammer needs to stop working for detection or maintenance.
In some embodiments, the control device 167 is configured to: after the hammer block 13 starts to move downwards and the fifth time elapses, when the second detection device 22 does not detect that the hammer block 13 reaches the second position 112, the control valve group is operated to stop the gravity breaking hammer. The fifth time is the time required by the hammer block 13 to start moving downwards from the moment when the inertia upwards moves to the highest position and then changes the direction to start moving downwards to reach the second position 112 plus an error time, and when the hammer block 13 is not detected at the second position for the fifth time in the process of moving downwards of the hammer block 13, it indicates that the downward movement speed of the hammer block 13 is too low or a fault occurs, and at this time, the gravity type breaking hammer needs to stop working for detection or maintenance.
In some embodiments, the gravity breaking hammer further comprises a third detecting device 23 in signal connection with the control device 167 for detecting whether the hammer block 13 has moved to the upper limit position during operation, the upper limit position being located above the first position 111 in the axial direction of the barrel 11, the control device 167 being configured to: when the third detection device 23 detects that the hammer block 13 reaches the upper limit position, the control valve group is controlled to act so as to stop the gravity type breaking hammer. The method of detecting the third detecting device 23 and the manner of determining whether or not the weight 13 has reached the upper limit position 113 according to the present embodiment are the same as the manner of matching the first detecting device 21 and the first position 111 according to the above-described embodiment. The upper limit position 113 is the highest position where the hammer block 13 is restricted from reaching, and the hammer block 13 cannot reach the highest position during normal operation, and when the hammer block 13 reaches the highest position, the surface hammer block 13 moves upwards to reach the highest position, and the gravity breaking hammer has a fault, and the gravity breaking hammer needs to be stopped to perform detection or maintenance.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the first detecting device 21 and the third detecting device 23 respectively include a first position sensor and a third position sensor provided on the cylinder 11, and the position of the third position sensor is higher than that of the first position sensor along the axial direction of the cylinder 11. The first position sensor and the third position sensor may be photoelectric position sensors, and may be conveniently disposed on the cylinder 11 to perform highly efficient and accurate detection.
In some embodiments, the gravity breaking hammer further comprises a fourth detection device 24. A fourth detection device 24 is in signal connection with the control device 167, the fourth detection device 24 being configured to detect, during operation, whether the drill rod 12 is in the hammering position; the control device 167 is configured to: in operation, the control valve assembly is controlled to operate according to the detection result of the fourth detection device 24. In some embodiments, the control device 167 is configured to: when the drill rod 12 is not in the hammerable position, the control valve set is controlled to act to stop the operation of the gravity breaking hammer. The present embodiment can ensure safe breaking operation of the gravity breaking hammer by detecting whether the drill rod 12 is in the hammering position. When the drill rod 12 of the gravity type breaking hammer is correctly positioned above the object to be broken, the drill rod 12 is pushed upwards by the object to be broken, and the drill rod 12 is positioned at a relatively high position along the axial direction of the barrel 11, and the drill rod 12 is at the hammering position. When the drill rod 12 is not in the hammering position, it indicates that the drill rod 12 does not move correctly to the object to be crushed, and the position of the gravity type crushing hammer needs to be adjusted. The arrangement and the principle of cooperation of the fourth detecting means and the hammerable position can be the same as the manner of cooperation of the first detecting means 21 and the first position 111 of the above-described embodiment.
In some embodiments, the fourth detecting means 24 includes a fourth position 114 sensor disposed on the cylinder 11 in signal connection with the control means 167, the fourth position 114 sensor detects the drill rod 12 when the upper end of the drill rod 12 is higher than the fourth position 114 on the cylinder 11 along the axial direction of the cylinder 11, the control means 167 determines that the drill rod 12 is in the hammering position, the fourth position 114 sensor does not detect the drill rod 12 when the upper end of the drill rod 12 is lower than the fourth position 114 along the axial direction of the cylinder 11, and the control means 167 determines that the drill rod 12 is not in the hammering position.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the control valve assembly includes a first on/off valve 161 for controlling whether the drive pump is in communication with the piston cylinder and a directional selector valve 162 for controlling the direction of flow of fluid medium to and from the piston cylinder. In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the directional valve 162 is a three-position, four-way solenoid directional valve and the first on-off valve 161 is a two-position, four-way solenoid valve.
In some embodiments, the piston cylinder includes a first chamber and a second chamber, and in the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the first chamber is a rodless chamber within the cylinder 131 and the second chamber is a rod chamber within the cylinder 131. When the pump is driven to pump fluid medium to the first cavity of the piston cylinder, the piston rod 132 drives the hammer block 13 to move downwards, when the pump is driven to pump fluid medium to the second cavity of the piston cylinder, the piston rod 132 drives the hammer block 13 to move upwards, the gravity type breaking hammer further comprises an energy accumulator 164 arranged on a fluid pipeline, the energy accumulator 164 is connected with the first cavity, the control valve assembly further comprises a second on-off valve 165 arranged between the energy accumulator 164 and the first cavity and used for controlling whether the energy accumulator 164 is communicated with the first cavity or not, in the embodiment shown in the figure, the second on-off valve 165 is a two-position two-way electromagnetic valve, the second on-off valve 165 is in signal connection with the control device 167, and the control device 167 is configured to: after a first time has elapsed for control device 167 to control the control valve assembly to block communication between the drive pump and the piston cylinder, control device 167 controls second block valve 165 to communicate between accumulator 164 and the first chamber to allow accumulator 164 to recover energy from the first chamber, and after a second time has elapsed for blocking communication between the drive pump and the piston cylinder, control device 167 controls second block valve 165 to communicate between accumulator 164 and the first chamber to allow accumulator 164 to release energy to the first chamber. In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the accumulator is connected to the first chamber and to the fluid line via a first non-return valve 163, and the accumulator 164 may also accumulate fluid when the pump is driven to pump fluid medium under pressure to the first chamber. In the embodiment, by providing the accumulator 164, when the piston cylinder is disconnected from the driving pump, the hammer block 13 moves upward by inertia, the kinetic energy of the hammer block 13 is recovered, so that the hammer block 13 is decelerated rapidly, and when the hammer block 13 changes the movement direction and moves downward, the high-pressure fluid medium in the accumulator 164 can enter the first chamber to accelerate the downward movement of the hammer block 13 by communicating the second on-off valve 165. In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the second chamber of the piston cylinder is also connected to a reservoir 169 via a second check valve 166. the second check valve 166 allows for recharging the second chamber of the piston cylinder with oil when the piston cylinder is inertially moved upward by the ram 13 when the piston cylinder is disconnected from the drive pump.
In some embodiments, the gravity-type breaking hammer further comprises a display 168 in signal connection with the control device 167, wherein the display 168 is used for displaying the detection results of the first detection device, the second detection device, the third detection device and the fourth detection device.
In some embodiments, there is also disclosed a method for automatically controlling a gravity-type breaking hammer, which applies any one of the gravity-type breaking hammers, including:
when the hammer block 13 reaches the first position 111 during the upward movement of the hammer block 13, the control valve assembly is used for cutting off the communication between the driving pump and the piston cylinder so that the hammer block 13 continues to move upward under the action of inertia, and after a second time elapses after the communication between the driving pump and the piston cylinder is cut off, the control valve assembly is operated so that the hammer block 13 starts to move downward.
In some embodiments, the automatic control method further comprises:
detecting whether the hammer block 13 reaches the second position 112 on the cylinder 11 during the downward movement of the hammer block 13, detecting that the hammer block 13 reaches the second position 112 on the cylinder 11 during the downward movement of the hammer block 13, and controlling the control valve assembly to act to make the piston rod 132 drive the hammer block 13 to start moving upward again after a third time, wherein the third time is configured to enable the hammer block 13 to move downward along the axial direction of the cylinder 11 to a position capable of hammering the drill rod 12 before starting moving upward again.
In some embodiments, the automatic control method further comprises:
after the hammer block 13 starts moving upward again and the fourth time elapses, when it is not detected that the hammer block 13 reaches the first position 111 on the barrel 11, the operation of the gravity type breaking hammer is stopped.
In some embodiments, the automatic control method further comprises:
after the hammer block 13 starts moving downward and the fifth time elapses, when it is not detected that the hammer block 13 reaches the second position 112 on the barrel 11, the gravity breaking hammer is stopped.
In some embodiments, the automatic control method further comprises:
whether the hammer block 13 moves to the upper limit position is detected, the upper limit position is located above the first position 111 along the axial direction of the barrel 11, and when the hammer block 13 reaches the upper limit position, the gravity type breaking hammer is stopped.
In some embodiments, the automatic control method further comprises: detecting whether the drill rod 12 is in the hammerable position, and stopping the operation of the gravity hammer when the drill rod 12 is not in the hammerable position.
In some embodiments, the control device described above can be a general purpose Processor, a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other Programmable Logic device, discrete Gate or transistor Logic, discrete hardware components, or any suitable combination thereof for performing the functions described herein.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications of the embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features are possible; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (16)
1. A gravity breaking hammer, comprising:
a barrel;
the drill rod is movably arranged at the lower end of the cylinder body relative to the cylinder body along the axial direction of the cylinder body;
the hammer block is arranged in the cylinder and used for moving upwards along the axial direction of the cylinder to lift the height and moving downwards to hammer the drill rod during working;
the piston cylinder is arranged on the cylinder body and comprises a cylinder barrel and a piston rod fixedly connected with the hammer block;
a drive pump for pumping a fluid medium in operation;
the fluid pipeline is connected between the driving pump and the piston cylinder and is used for conveying a fluid medium;
the control valve assembly is arranged on the fluid pipeline and used for controlling the flow and the direction of fluid media entering and exiting the piston cylinder so as to control the action of the piston rod, and the control valve assembly comprises a first on-off valve used for controlling whether the driving pump is communicated with the piston cylinder or not and a reversing valve used for controlling the flow direction of the fluid media entering and exiting the piston cylinder;
the first detection device is used for detecting whether the hammer block reaches a first position on the cylinder body in the upward movement process of the hammer block and comprises a first position sensor arranged on the cylinder body;
a control device in signal connection with the control valve assembly and the first detection device, including a timing device, the control device configured to: when the first detection device detects that the hammer block reaches the first position in the upward movement process of the hammer block, the control device controls the control valve assembly to cut off the communication between the driving pump and the piston cylinder after first time so as to enable the hammer block to continue to move upward under the action of inertia, and after second time passes after the communication between the driving pump and the piston cylinder is cut off, the control device controls the control valve assembly to act so as to enable the hammer block to start to move downward.
2. A gravity breaking hammer according to claim 1, further comprising second sensing means in signal communication with the control means for sensing, in use, whether the ram has reached a second position on the barrel during downward movement of the ram, the second position being below the first position in the axial direction of the barrel, the control means being configured to: when the second detection device detects that the hammer block reaches the second position during the downward movement of the hammer block, and after a third time elapses, the control device controls the control valve assembly to act so that the piston rod drives the hammer block to start moving upward again, wherein the third time is configured to enable the hammer block to move downward along the axial direction of the cylinder to a position capable of hammering the drill rod before the upward movement is started again.
3. A gravity breaking hammer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the control means is configured to: after the hammer block starts to move upwards again for a fourth time, when the first detection device does not detect that the hammer block reaches the first position, the control valve group is controlled to act so as to stop the gravity breaking hammer.
4. A gravity breaking hammer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the control means is configured to: after the hammer block starts to move downwards and a fifth time elapses, when the second detection device does not detect that the hammer block reaches the second position, the control valve group is controlled to act so as to stop the gravity breaking hammer.
5. A gravity breaking hammer according to claim 1 further comprising third sensing means in signal communication with the control means for sensing, in use, whether the ram has moved to an upper limit position, the upper limit position being above the first position in the axial direction of the barrel, the control means being configured to: when the third detection device detects that the hammer block reaches the upper limit position, the control valve group is controlled to act so as to stop the gravity breaking hammer.
6. A gravity hammer according to claim 5 wherein said third sensing means comprises a third position sensor provided on said barrel, said third position sensor being located at a higher level than said first position sensor along the axial direction of said barrel.
7. A gravity breaking hammer as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
the fourth detection device is in signal connection with the control device and is used for detecting whether the drill rod is in a hammering position or not during working;
the control device is configured to: and in operation, the control valve assembly is controlled to act according to the detection result of the fourth detection device.
8. A gravity breaking hammer as claimed in claim 7, wherein the control means is configured to: and when the drill rod is not in the hammering position, controlling the control valve group to act so as to stop the gravity type breaking hammer.
9. A gravity hammer according to claim 8 wherein said fourth sensing means includes a fourth position sensor in signal communication with said control means and located on said barrel, said fourth position sensor sensing said shank when the upper end of said shank is above the fourth position on said barrel in the axial direction of said barrel, said control means determining that said shank is in the hammerable position, said fourth position sensor not sensing said shank when the upper end of said shank is below the fourth position in the axial direction of said barrel, and said control means determining that said shank is not in the hammerable position.
10. A gravity breaking hammer according to any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein the piston cylinder includes a first chamber and a second chamber, the piston rod moving the ram downward when the drive pump pumps fluid medium into the first chamber of the piston cylinder and moving the ram upward when the drive pump pumps fluid medium into the second chamber of the piston cylinder, the gravity breaking hammer further comprising an accumulator disposed in the fluid conduit, the accumulator being connected to the first chamber, the control valve assembly further comprising a second on-off valve disposed between the accumulator and the first chamber for controlling whether the accumulator is connected to the first chamber, the second on-off valve being in signal communication with the control device, the control device being configured to: after the control device controls the control valve assembly to cut off communication between the drive pump and the piston cylinder after the first time, the control device controls the second cut-off valve to communicate the energy accumulator with the first cavity so that the energy accumulator recovers energy from the first cavity, and after the second time elapses after the cut-off communication between the drive pump and the piston cylinder, the control device controls the second cut-off valve to communicate the energy accumulator with the first cavity so that the energy accumulator releases energy to the first cavity.
11. A method of automatically controlling a gravity breaking hammer, using a gravity breaking hammer according to any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising:
when the hammer block is detected to reach the first position in the upward movement process of the hammer block, the control valve assembly is utilized to cut off the communication between the driving pump and the piston cylinder so that the hammer block continues to move upward under the action of inertia, and after a second time passes after the communication between the driving pump and the piston cylinder is cut off, the control valve assembly is controlled to act so that the hammer block starts to move downward.
12. The method of automatically controlling a gravity operated demolition hammer as set forth in claim 11 further comprising:
detecting whether the hammer block reaches a second position on the cylinder body during the downward movement of the hammer block, controlling the control valve assembly to act so that the piston rod drives the hammer block to start moving upwards again after a third time elapses after the hammer block reaches the second position on the cylinder body during the downward movement of the hammer block, wherein the third time is configured to enable the hammer block to move downwards along the axial direction of the cylinder body to a position capable of hammering the drill rod before the hammer block starts moving upwards again.
13. A method of automatically controlling a gravity operated demolition hammer as set forth in claim 12 and further comprising:
and after the hammer block starts to move upwards again and a fourth time elapses, stopping the gravity breaking hammer when the hammer block is not detected to reach the first position on the cylinder.
14. A method of automatically controlling a gravity operated demolition hammer as set forth in claim 12 and further comprising:
and after the hammer block starts to move downwards and a fifth time elapses, stopping the gravity type breaking hammer when the hammer block is not detected to reach the second position on the cylinder.
15. The method of automatically controlling a gravity operated demolition hammer as set forth in claim 11 further comprising:
and detecting whether the hammer block moves to an upper limit position, wherein the upper limit position is positioned above the first position along the axial direction of the barrel, and when the hammer block is detected to reach the upper limit position, stopping the gravity type breaking hammer.
16. The method of automatically controlling a gravity operated demolition hammer as set forth in claim 11 further comprising: and detecting whether the drill rod is in a hammerable position, and stopping the gravity type breaking hammer when the drill rod is not in the hammerable position.
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| CN202210309690.3A CN114411850B (en) | 2022-03-28 | 2022-03-28 | Gravity breaking hammer and automatic control method thereof |
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| CN202210309690.3A CN114411850B (en) | 2022-03-28 | 2022-03-28 | Gravity breaking hammer and automatic control method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE19923680B4 (en) * | 1999-05-22 | 2004-02-26 | Atlas Copco Construction Tools Gmbh | Method for determining the operating time and the operating state of a hydraulic impact unit, in particular hydraulic hammer, and device for carrying out the method |
| CN101319509A (en) * | 2007-06-08 | 2008-12-10 | ***司令部工程科研设计院 | Combined multifunctional engineering equipment |
| WO2017165104A1 (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2017-09-28 | Frank Sonny | Leveling device assembly for a hydraulic hammer |
| KR101780154B1 (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2017-09-20 | 대모 엔지니어링 주식회사 | Hydraulic percussion device and construction equipment having the same |
| CN108193735A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-06-22 | 徐工集团工程机械有限公司 | Control system, control method and the excavating machinery of excavating machinery |
| CN214940573U (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2021-11-30 | 何泽康 | Single-shaft rotating time frequency control breaking hammer |
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Effective date of registration: 20230412 Address after: 221004 39 Gaoxin Road, Xuzhou economic and Technological Development Zone, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Patentee after: XCMG EXCAVATOR MACHINERY Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: Dalian Ruida Machinery Manufacturing Co.,Ltd. Address before: 221004 39 Gaoxin Road, Xuzhou economic and Technological Development Zone, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Patentee before: XCMG EXCAVATOR MACHINERY Co.,Ltd. |
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