CN114411169A - Photoelectrocatalysis hydrogen production and nitro aromatic hydrocarbon in-situ hydrogenation integrated device and application - Google Patents
Photoelectrocatalysis hydrogen production and nitro aromatic hydrocarbon in-situ hydrogenation integrated device and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN114411169A CN114411169A CN202210088123.XA CN202210088123A CN114411169A CN 114411169 A CN114411169 A CN 114411169A CN 202210088123 A CN202210088123 A CN 202210088123A CN 114411169 A CN114411169 A CN 114411169A
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- -1 nitro aromatic hydrocarbon Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
- C25B11/093—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds at least one noble metal or noble metal oxide and at least one non-noble metal oxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
- C25B13/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
- C25B13/08—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material based on organic materials
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- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
- C25B3/20—Processes
- C25B3/21—Photoelectrolysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
- C25B9/23—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms comprising ion-exchange membranes in or on which electrode material is embedded
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of hydrogenation of nitroaromatic hydrocarbon, and particularly relates to a photoelectrocatalysis hydrogen production and nitroaromatic hydrocarbon in-situ hydrogenation integrated device and application. In order to solve the problems that in an oil-water mixed system of the catalytic hydrogenation reaction of the nitroaromatic hydrocarbon, the contact between nitroaromatic molecules and H radicals is difficult, and the speed of the H radicals generated by photocatalysis is difficult to regulate, a device containing a photoelectrocatalysis composite membrane is provided, and a series reaction device of photoelectrocatalysis hydrogen production and in-situ catalytic hydrogenation reaction of the nitroaromatic hydrocarbon can be realized by taking water as a hydrogen source. The device comprises a photoelectrocatalysis composite membrane, an anode chamber and a cathode chamber which are divided by the photoelectrocatalysis composite membrane, and an anode and a cathode. The photoelectrocatalysis composite membrane is used as a diaphragm of an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, electrolyte aqueous solution is added into the anode chamber, organic solution of nitroarene is added into the cathode chamber, and photoelectrocatalysis catalytic hydrogenation reaction of nitroarene is carried out under the illumination of a xenon lamp and external voltage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of hydrogenation of nitroaromatic hydrocarbon, and particularly relates to a photoelectrocatalysis hydrogen production and nitroaromatic hydrocarbon in-situ hydrogenation integrated device and application.
Background
Aromatic amines are raw materials and intermediates for synthesizing a plurality of industrial products, and have an important position in the fields of medicines, pesticides, dyes and the like. From nitroarenesThe original preparation of corresponding arylamine is a mild and efficient method. However, in the current hydrogenation reduction reaction system, H is mainly used2As a hydrogen source, the method needs to be carried out at high temperature and high pressure, has great potential safety hazard and has great energy consumption. There have been reports of using NH3BH3、HCOOH、NaBH4Alcohol, alkane, etc. are used as hydrogen source, but the cost is high, and by-products are generated, which easily causes environmental pollution.
Water has overwhelming advantages as the most widely used solvent and hydrogen source on earth, such as non-toxicity and low cost, and therefore may be the ideal choice for organic hydrogen donors. However, since water molecules are stable and difficult to activate and dehydrogenate, and are rarely used for transfer hydrogenation, it is a great challenge to activate water to generate hydrogen. In recent years, some researchers have tried to design a highly efficient bifunctional catalyst with water as the hydrogen source to perform in-situ hydrogenation reaction of the H radicals generated by photocatalysis with nitroarenes. However, in the oil-water mixed system used in the prior art, the surface of the hydrophilic catalyst is usually surrounded by water molecules, so that the nitro-aromatic hydrocarbon molecules are difficult to contact with H radicals, and the hydrogenation efficiency of the nitro-aromatic hydrocarbon is greatly reduced. In addition, in the traditional method, the photocatalyst powder is directly added into an oil-water mixed system, the rate of H free radicals generated by photocatalysis is difficult to regulate, and H precipitation can be caused by too high rate2The reaction is accelerated, and the rate is too slow, so that the hydrogen source of the hydrogenation reaction of the nitroarene is insufficient. Therefore, how to effectively contact nitroarene molecules with H radicals, and being able to effectively regulate the rate of H radical production is currently the most challenging obstacle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device containing a photoelectrocatalysis composite membrane, which aims to solve the problems that in an oil-water mixing system of a catalytic hydrogenation reaction of nitroaromatic, contact between nitroaromatic molecules and H radicals is difficult, and the speed of the H radicals generated by photocatalysis is difficult to regulate and control in the prior art, and can realize a series reaction device of photoelectrocatalysis hydrogen production and in-situ nitroaromatic hydrogenation reaction by taking water as a hydrogen source and an application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a photoelectrocatalysis hydrogen production and nitryl aromatic hydrocarbon in-situ hydrogenation integrated device comprises a reactor, a photoelectrocatalysis composite membrane, a cathode, an anode, a light source and a direct current power supply; the photoelectrocatalysis composite membrane is arranged in a reactor, the reactor is divided into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, a cathode and an anode are respectively arranged in the cathode chamber and the anode chamber, a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the direct current power supply are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode, and the light source is arranged above the cathode chamber;
the photoelectrocatalysis composite membrane comprises a bipolar membrane and a hydrophobic membrane of which the surface is loaded with a photoelectrocatalysis, the bipolar membrane is formed by compounding an anion exchange membrane and a cation exchange membrane, the anode chamber is an electrolyte aqueous solution, the cathode chamber is a nitroaromatic organic solution, and the light source is a xenon lamp.
Further, the preparation method of the photoelectric composite film comprises the following steps:
(1) one or a mixture of more of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polysulfone, polyphenyl ether and polyvinyl benzyl chloride in any proportion is used as a support of an anion exchange membrane, one or a mixture of more of compounds containing primary amino, secondary amino, tertiary amino or quaternary amino which are mixed in any proportion is used as a fixation of the anion exchange membrane, glutaraldehyde solution is added as a cross-linking agent to prepare anion exchange membrane liquid, and the anion exchange membrane is prepared by a tape casting method;
(2) one or a mixture of a plurality of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyphenyl ether, polysulfone and styrene in any proportion is used as a support of a cation exchange membrane, one or a plurality of compounds which are mixed according to any proportion and contain sulfonic acid group, carboxylic acid group or phosphoric acid group are used as a fixation of the cation exchange membrane, FeCl is added3Or CaCl2Preparing a cation exchange membrane solution by taking the solution as a cross-linking agent, and carrying out curtain coating on the surface of the anion exchange membrane prepared in the step (1) to obtain a cation exchange membrane;
(3) and (2) loading the photoelectric catalyst on the surface of a hydrophobic material, then ultrasonically dispersing the photoelectric catalyst in an aqueous solution or absolute ethyl alcohol, and curtain coating the hydrophobic material on the surface of a cation exchange membrane to obtain the hydrophobic membrane loaded with the photoelectric catalyst.
Further, the photoelectric catalyst is Pt/C3N4、Pt/TiO2、Pt/MoS2、Pd/C3N4、Pd/TiO2、Pd/MoS2、Pd-Pt/TiO2、Pd-Pt/C3N4、Pd-Pt/MoS2One kind of (1).
Further, the hydrophobic material is carbon fiber, carbon nano tube and hydrophobic mesoporous SiO2Hydrophobic molecular sieve and hydrophobic metal organic framework material.
Further, the voltage of the direct current power supply is 0.8-2.5V; the electrolyte aqueous solution is Na2SO4One of the solution, NaOH solution or KOH solution, the concentration is 0.01 to 3.0mol L-1(ii) a The organic solution of the nitroaromatic hydrocarbon comprises 4-fluoronitrobenzene, 4-chloronitrobenzene, 4-bromonitrobenzene, 4-iodonitrobenzene, 2-bromo-5-nitrotoluene, 3-bromonitrobenzene, 3-iodonitrobenzene, 2-bromonitrobenzene, 2-bromo-1-iodo-4-nitrobenzene, 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline, 4-nitrotoluene, 2, 6-dimethylnitrobenzene, 3, 4-dimethylnitrobenzene, 4-nitrophenol, 4-nitrobenzyl ether, 4-ethyl nitrobenzoate and 4-nitrophenone solution, and the solvent is octane, heptane or hexane.
An application of a photoelectrocatalysis hydrogen production and nitro-aromatic hydrocarbon in-situ hydrogenation integrated device is applied to nitro-aromatic hydrocarbon hydrogenation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the method utilizes a bipolar membrane water dissociation technology to provide hydrogen ions for photocatalysis, the hydrogen ions migrate to the surface of a hydrophobic membrane through a cation exchange membrane under the action of an electric field driving force, contact with a photoelectric catalyst and are reduced into zero-valent hydrogen by photoproduction electrons, and then the zero-valent hydrogen and nitroaromatic hydrocarbon are subjected to in-situ hydrogenation reaction under the action of a metal catalyst; therefore, by regulating and controlling the water dissociation rate of the bipolar membrane, the rate of generating H free radicals by photocatalysis is controlled, and H separation caused by too high rate is avoided2The reaction is accelerated, and the rate is too slow, so that the hydrogen source of the hydrogenation reaction of the nitroarene is insufficient.
(2) The surface of the hydrophobic membrane is a fibrous, tubular and porous hydrophobic material, so that hydrophobic nitryl aromatic hydrocarbon molecules can enter the surface of the catalyst to react, and the problem that the nitryl aromatic hydrocarbon molecules are difficult to reach the surface of the catalyst and contact with H free radicals in a traditional oil-water two-phase mixed system is solved.
(3) The photoelectric catalyst is loaded on the surface of the hydrophobic membrane, and is beneficial to transferring water molecules generated in the hydrogenation reaction process of nitroaromatic to the hydrophilic bipolar membrane, so that the active sites of the photoelectric catalyst are not occupied by the water molecules.
(4) According to the invention, electric fields are formed on two sides of the photoelectrocatalysis composite membrane through an external voltage, so that on one hand, the effective separation of photoproduction electrons and holes is facilitated, the photoelectrocatalysis efficiency is improved, on the other hand, the electric field has a promotion effect on the directional migration of hydrogen ions and H free radicals, and the hydrogenation reaction of nitroaromatic hydrocarbon is facilitated.
(5) The hydrophobic membrane can effectively prevent aqueous solution in the anode chamber from entering the cathode chamber, thereby effectively preventing water molecules from entering the cathode chamber to generate hydrogen evolution reaction.
(6) The invention utilizes the characteristic that the membrane liquid is sticky, and the hydrophobic membrane material loaded with the photocatalyst is cast on the surface of the cationic membrane, thereby not only effectively avoiding the agglomeration phenomenon caused by directly adding the catalyst powder into an oil-water two-phase system in the traditional method, but also being convenient for recycling.
(7) The water consumed by the water dissociation of the interface layer in the middle of the bipolar membrane is supplemented by the water in the electrolyte aqueous solution of the anode chamber through the anion exchange membrane.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an integrated device for photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen production and nitroaromatic in-situ hydrogenation of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional SEM image of the bipolar membrane after it has been embrittled in liquid nitrogen.
FIG. 3 shows FeCl used for preparing cation exchange membrane in example 1 of the present invention3A solution cross-linking scheme;
FIG. 4 is a MoS prepared according to example 1 of the present invention2Topography of the photocatalyst.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a photoelectrocatalysis hydrogen production and nitro-aromatic hydrocarbon in-situ hydrogenation integrated device comprises a reactor, a photoelectrocatalysis composite membrane, a cathode, an anode, a light source and a direct current power supply; the photoelectrocatalysis composite membrane is arranged in a reactor, the reactor is divided into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, a cathode and an anode are respectively arranged in the cathode chamber and the anode chamber, a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the direct current power supply are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode, and the light source is arranged above the cathode chamber;
the photoelectrocatalysis composite membrane comprises a bipolar membrane and a hydrophobic membrane of which the surface is loaded with a photoelectrocatalysis, the bipolar membrane is formed by compounding an anion exchange membrane and a cation exchange membrane, the anode chamber is an electrolyte aqueous solution, the cathode chamber is a nitroaromatic organic solution, and the light source is a xenon lamp.
The preparation method of the photoelectric catalytic composite membrane comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan with equal mass, pouring the mixture into a beaker, adding an acetic acid aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 0.01%, continuously stirring the mixture in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at the temperature of 60 ℃, adding glutaraldehyde after the mixture is completely dissolved, continuously stirring the mixture for 1 hour, standing and defoaming the mixture, casting the mixture on a smooth and dry and clean glass plate with a frame, and putting the glass plate with the frame into a blast drying oven to dry the glass plate to obtain an anion exchange membrane;
(2) mixing polyvinyl alcohol and sodium carboxymethylcellulose with equal mass, pouring into a beaker, adding deionized water under stirring, heating to 60 ℃ for dissolving, adding FeCl after completely dissolving3Continuously stirring the solution for 1h, standing for defoaming, and then curtain coating on the surface of the prepared anion exchange membrane to obtain a cation exchange membrane;
(3) the photoelectric catalyst Pt/MoS2Loading on the surface of hydrophobic carbon fiber, then ultrasonically dispersing in aqueous solution or absolute ethyl alcohol, and casting on the surface of a cation exchange membrane to obtain the hydrophobic membrane loaded with the photoelectric catalyst.
The photoelectrocatalysis composite membrane is taken as a diaphragm of an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, and the concentration of the added water in the anode chamber is 0.01mol L-1Na of (2)2SO4Adding electrolyte water solution into cathode chamber, adding octane solution containing 0.50mmol 4-bromonitrobenzene, and irradiating with xenon lamp under direct currentThe photoelectrocatalysis hydrogen production and the nitro-arene in-situ hydrogenation serial reaction are carried out under the source voltage of 1.0V. After 6 hours of reaction, sampling and testing, the conversion rate of the 4-bromonitrobenzene is 88.5 percent.
Fig. 2 is a sectional SEM image of the bipolar membrane after it has been embrittled in liquid nitrogen, from which the anion-exchange membrane and the cation-exchange membrane constituting the bipolar membrane, and the intermediate interface layer between the two membrane layers, can be clearly seen. The thickness of the middle interface layer of the bipolar membrane is only nano-scale thickness, so that even if a small voltage is applied to two sides of the bipolar membrane, the middle interface layer of the bipolar membrane can form a strong electric field, and under the action of the strong electric field, water molecules in the middle interface layer of the bipolar membrane can be dissociated.
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the use of FeCl3Schematic representation of solution cross-linking cation exchange membranes, as can be seen from the figure, by FeCl3After the solution is crosslinked, the cation exchange membrane forms a net structure, which is beneficial to improving the mechanical property of the membrane, thereby prolonging the service life of the membrane.
FIG. 4 is a MoS prepared2Morphology of the photocatalyst, from which the MoS can be seen2The photocatalyst has a single-layer or few-layer lamellar structure, and is beneficial to improving the separation efficiency of photon-generated carriers, thereby improving the photoelectric catalysis efficiency.
Example 2
Different from the embodiment 1, the preparation method of the photoelectric catalytic composite membrane comprises the following specific steps:
(1) mixing the polyvinylpyrrolidone and the quaternary ammonium polysulfone in a mass ratio of 2:1, pouring the mixture into a beaker, adding an acetic acid aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 0.02%, continuously stirring the mixture in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 50 ℃, adding glutaraldehyde after the mixture is completely dissolved, continuously stirring the mixture for 1 hour, standing and defoaming the mixture, casting the mixture on a smooth and clean glass plate with a frame, and putting the glass plate with the frame into a blast drying box for drying to obtain an anion exchange membrane;
(2) mixing polyvinylpyrrolidone and cellulose phosphate with equal mass, pouring into a beaker, adding deionized water while stirring, heating to 60 ℃ for dissolving, adding CaCl after completely dissolving2Continuously stirring the solution for 1h, standing for defoaming, and casting on the surface of the prepared anion exchange membrane to obtain the anion exchange membraneTo a cation exchange membrane;
(3) the photoelectric catalyst is Pd/TiO2Loading on the surface of a hydrophobic carbon nano tube, then ultrasonically dispersing in an aqueous solution or absolute ethyl alcohol, and casting on the surface of a cation exchange membrane to obtain the hydrophobic membrane loaded with the photoelectric catalyst.
The photoelectrocatalysis composite membrane is taken as a diaphragm of an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, and the concentration of the added water in the anode chamber is 0.03mol L-1K of2SO4Adding a heptane solution containing 0.35mmol of 4-nitrotoluene into an electrolyte aqueous solution and carrying out photoelectrocatalysis hydrogen production and nitro-arene in-situ hydrogenation serial reaction under the irradiation of a xenon lamp light source and the voltage of a direct current power supply of 1.2V. After 8h of reaction, sampling was carried out and the conversion of 4-nitrotoluene was found to be 92.3%.
Example 3
Different from the embodiment 1, the preparation method of the photoelectric catalytic composite membrane comprises the following specific steps:
(1) mixing polyphenyl ether and polyimide in a mass ratio of 3:1, pouring the mixture into a beaker, adding an acetic acid aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 0.03%, continuously stirring the mixture in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 60 ℃, adding glutaraldehyde after the mixture is completely dissolved, continuously stirring the mixture for 1.5 hours, standing and defoaming the mixture, casting the mixture on a smooth and dry glass plate with a frame, and putting the glass plate into a blast drying box for drying to obtain an anion exchange membrane;
(2) mixing polyvinylpyrrolidone and sulfonic fiber, pouring into a beaker, adding deionized water under stirring, heating to 70 deg.C for dissolving, adding CaCl after completely dissolving2And continuously stirring the solution for 1h, standing for defoaming, and then casting on the surface of the prepared anion exchange membrane to obtain the cation exchange membrane.
(3) Pt/C as photoelectric catalyst3N4Loading on the surface of a hydrophobic molecular sieve, then ultrasonically dispersing in an aqueous solution or absolute ethyl alcohol, and curtain coating on the surface of a cation exchange membrane to obtain the hydrophobic membrane loaded with the photoelectric catalyst.
The photoelectrocatalysis composite membrane is taken as a diaphragm of an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, and the concentration of the anode chamber is 3.0mol L-1With an aqueous KOH electrolyte solution, and the cathode chamber is charged with a solution containing 0And 25mmol of 2, 6-dimethyl nitrobenzene in hexane solution, under the irradiation of a xenon lamp light source and the voltage of a direct current power supply of 2.5V, performing photoelectrocatalysis hydrogen production and nitro-arene in-situ hydrogenation serial reaction. After 7.5h of reaction, sampling and testing, the conversion rate of the 2, 6-dimethyl nitrobenzene is 89.6%.
Example 4
Different from the embodiment 1, the preparation method of the photoelectric catalytic composite membrane comprises the following specific steps:
(1) mixing polysulfone and glyceryl trimethyl ammonium chloride in a mass ratio of 0.5:1, pouring into a beaker, adding an acetic acid aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 0.005%, continuously stirring in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 70 ℃, adding glutaraldehyde after complete dissolution, continuously stirring for 2.5h, standing for defoaming, casting on a flat and clean glass plate with a frame, and putting into a blast drying box for drying to obtain an anion exchange membrane;
(2) mixing polyvinylpyrrolidone and cellulose acetate with equal mass, pouring into a beaker, adding 0.05% phosphoric acid aqueous solution under stirring, heating to 70 deg.C for dissolving, adding FeCl after completely dissolving3Continuously stirring the solution for 1h, standing for defoaming, and then curtain coating on the surface of the prepared anion exchange membrane to obtain a cation exchange membrane;
(3) the photocatalyst is Pd-Pt/C3N4Loaded hydrophobic mesoporous SiO2And then ultrasonically dispersing the surface of the membrane in an aqueous solution or absolute ethyl alcohol, and casting the membrane on the surface of a cation exchange membrane to obtain the hydrophobic membrane loaded with the photoelectric catalyst.
The photoelectrocatalysis composite membrane is taken as a diaphragm of an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, and the concentration of the added water in the anode chamber is 0.01mol L-1Adding octane solution containing 0.60mmol of 4-nitrophenol into a cathode chamber of the NaOH electrolyte aqueous solution, and carrying out photoelectrocatalysis hydrogen production and nitro-arene in-situ hydrogenation series reaction under the irradiation of a xenon lamp light source and the voltage of a direct-current power supply of 0.8V. After 9 hours of reaction, sampling and testing, the conversion rate of the 4-nitrophenol is 98.9 percent.
Claims (6)
1. A photoelectrocatalysis hydrogen production and nitryl aromatic hydrocarbon in-situ hydrogenation integrated device is characterized by comprising a reactor, a photoelectrocatalysis composite membrane, a cathode, an anode, a light source and a direct current power supply; the photoelectrocatalysis composite membrane is arranged in a reactor, the reactor is divided into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, a cathode and an anode are respectively arranged in the cathode chamber and the anode chamber, a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the direct current power supply are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode, and the light source is arranged above the cathode chamber;
the photoelectrocatalysis composite membrane comprises a bipolar membrane and a hydrophobic membrane of which the surface is loaded with a photoelectrocatalysis, the bipolar membrane is formed by compounding an anion exchange membrane and a cation exchange membrane, the anode chamber is an electrolyte aqueous solution, the cathode chamber is a nitroaromatic organic solution, and the light source is a xenon lamp.
2. The integrated device for photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen production and nitroaromatic in-situ hydrogenation according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the photoelectric composite membrane is as follows:
(1) one or a mixture of more of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polysulfone, polyphenyl ether and polyvinyl benzyl chloride in any proportion is used as a support of an anion exchange membrane, one or a mixture of more of compounds containing primary amino, secondary amino, tertiary amino or quaternary amino which are mixed according to any proportion is used as a fixed group of the anion exchange membrane, glutaraldehyde solution is added as a cross-linking agent to prepare anion exchange membrane solution, and the anion exchange membrane is prepared by a tape casting method;
(2) one or a mixture of a plurality of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyphenyl ether, polysulfone and styrene in any proportion is used as the support of the cation exchange membrane, one or a plurality of compounds containing sulfonic acid group, carboxylic acid group or phosphoric acid group which are mixed according to any proportion are used as the fixed group of the cation exchange membrane, FeCl is added3Or CaCl2Preparing a cation exchange membrane solution by taking the solution as a cross-linking agent, and carrying out curtain coating on the surface of the anion exchange membrane prepared in the step (1) to obtain a cation exchange membrane;
(3) and (2) loading the photoelectric catalyst on the surface of a hydrophobic material, then ultrasonically dispersing the photoelectric catalyst in an aqueous solution or absolute ethyl alcohol, and curtain coating the hydrophobic material on the surface of a cation exchange membrane to obtain the hydrophobic membrane loaded with the photoelectric catalyst.
3. The integrated device for photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen production and nitroaromatic in-situ hydrogenation according to claim 2, wherein the photoelectrocatalytic catalyst is Pt/C3N4、Pt/TiO2、Pt/MoS2、Pd/C3N4、Pd/TiO2、Pd/MoS2、Pd-Pt/TiO2、Pd-Pt/C3N4、Pd-Pt/MoS2One kind of (1).
4. The photoelectrocatalysis hydrogen production and nitroarene in-situ hydrogenation integrated device according to claim 2, characterized in that the hydrophobic material is carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, hydrophobic mesoporous SiO2Hydrophobic molecular sieve and hydrophobic metal organic framework material.
5. The photoelectrocatalysis hydrogen production and nitroaromatic in-situ hydrogenation integrated device according to claim 1, wherein the voltage of the direct current power supply is 0.8-2.5V; the electrolyte aqueous solution is Na2SO4One of the solution, NaOH solution or KOH solution, the concentration is 0.01 to 3.0mol L-1(ii) a The organic solution of the nitroaromatic hydrocarbon comprises 4-fluoronitrobenzene, 4-chloronitrobenzene, 4-bromonitrobenzene, 4-iodonitrobenzene, 2-bromo-5-nitrotoluene, 3-bromonitrobenzene, 3-iodonitrobenzene, 2-bromonitrobenzene, 2-bromo-1-iodo-4-nitrobenzene, 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline, 4-nitrotoluene, 2, 6-dimethylnitrobenzene, 3, 4-dimethylnitrobenzene, 4-nitrophenol, 4-nitrobenzyl ether, 4-ethyl nitrobenzoate and 4-nitrophenone solution, and the solvent is octane, heptane or hexane.
6. An application of the photoelectrocatalysis hydrogen production and nitro-aromatic hydrocarbon in-situ hydrogenation integrated device of claim 1, which is characterized in that the photoelectrocatalysis hydrogen production and nitro-aromatic hydrocarbon in-situ hydrogenation integrated device is applied to nitro-aromatic hydrocarbon hydrogenation.
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