CN114409233B - Glass block forming device and forming method thereof - Google Patents
Glass block forming device and forming method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114409233B CN114409233B CN202210125694.6A CN202210125694A CN114409233B CN 114409233 B CN114409233 B CN 114409233B CN 202210125694 A CN202210125694 A CN 202210125694A CN 114409233 B CN114409233 B CN 114409233B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B19/00—Other methods of shaping glass
- C03B19/02—Other methods of shaping glass by casting molten glass, e.g. injection moulding
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
- Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates
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Abstract
The invention provides a glass block forming device capable of improving fluidity and temperature field uniformity of molten glass in a forming process. The discharging pipe penetrates through the top of the soaking cover and enters a forming space formed by the soaking cover and the forming die; the forming die is positioned right below the soaking cover; the heat dissipation bracket is arranged below the forming die; the transfer device is positioned at the lower part of the heat dissipation bracket and used for supporting and transferring the heat dissipation bracket and the forming die; the lifting device is positioned below the transfer device and is used for supporting and controlling the up-and-down movement speed of the forming die, the heat dissipation support and the transfer device. According to the invention, the heat dissipation rate of the central area of the bottom die is improved, the heat dissipation rate of the edge area of the bottom die is reduced, the uniformity of the temperature field of the bottom die is improved, the temperature uniformity of radial flow in the forming flow of glass liquid is improved, the control of bubbles formed by micro-pores at the contact interface and the growth overflow rate of the bubbles at the contact interface when the inner surface of the bottom die is contacted with the glass liquid is facilitated, and the defect that the bubbles at the interface enter the glass liquid to form forming bubbles is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a forming device for glass blocks and a forming method for improving the uniformity of glass liquid in a forming process by using the forming device.
Background
The large-caliber glass block is applied to astronomical observation fields such as large telescope, reflector and the like due to the advantages of large monomer size, good optical property, strong chemical stability, controlled expansibility and the like. The production process flow of the glass is similar to that of common optical glass, and the glass still needs to undergo main thermal processes such as powder melting, clarifying, homogenizing, forming, cooling and the like so as to obtain a large-sized glass product, but in the process, the process conditions are more severe than those of the common glass, wherein the forming process of the large-caliber glass block is critical, and the process determines the appearance and the size of the final product and can influence the internal quality of the glass. Therefore, in order to obtain a large-caliber glass product meeting the end use requirement, a proper forming method needs to be selected to ensure the glass forming quality and the material utilization rate.
At present, the molding methods for producing large-caliber block glass can be divided into two types: the first type uses the optical glass strip material mode, the glass liquid is pulled by a forming device formed by a discharging pipe, a plug, a side die, a bottom die, a mesh belt furnace and the like, so that a continuous strip material product is obtained, and after the glass is cooled, the glass is cut into required blocks; the other molding method is to mold glass blocks by adopting a lost circulation method, manufacture related molds according to the shape of the glass to be molded, directly fill glass liquid into the inner space of the mold by a discharge pipe to finish the molding of the glass blocks to be molded, transfer the mold and the inner glass liquid to the next link after molding one block, and start the lost circulation molding of the next glass by a new mold entering the lower part of the discharge pipe. The two forming modes have advantages and disadvantages, the strip material production type forming has the advantages of stable forming process, simple operation, good product appearance consistency and the like, and the product appearance is flexible and the material utilization rate is high by adopting the drain casting forming, so that glass blocks with various shapes, such as square, cylindrical, even elliptic cylindrical and the like, can be produced; in addition, the leakage casting molding has unique advantages in material utilization rate because glass is directly molded according to blocks without traction during short-time high-flow molding. Therefore, in the production process of the intermittent kiln, the casting-missing forming mode is preferably selected when large-caliber block glass with the caliber of more than 500mm is formed.
In the related research of the prior literature on the leakage casting molding, CN1778735B provides a solution to the problem of non-uniformity in the process of casting and molding glass through a metal mold lined with a ceramic thermal insulator, while CN105948463B solves the problems of glass molding stripes and easy crystallization by using the modes of biasing a discharge pipe, arranging a preheating system and the like; CN104891787B adopts a bottom fire head, a preheating system and the like to form a forming device to solve the problems of glass stripes, uniformity and the like in forming. The literature data shows that the flow uniformity and the temperature field uniformity of glass directly influence the internal quality and the external shape of a molded product in the process of casting leakage, the effect of improving the temperature field uniformity by adopting a preheating mode, a bottom fire head, a ceramic insulator and the like is relatively limited, the problem that the local temperature of the mold is too high in the process of molding glass to generate molding interface bubbles, the problem that the mold breaks and the like is easily caused by preheating the mold, the problem that the interface between the substrate material with low heat conductivity coefficient and the glass liquid is easily caused by adding a substrate material with low heat conductivity coefficient on the surface contacted with the glass liquid is large and large due to gaps, bubbles are formed at the interface and crystallization of the glass liquid is induced, the local stress concentration of a subsequent product is caused, the product quality is influenced, and even the problem that the glass bursts in a subsequent annealing process is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a glass block forming device capable of improving fluidity and temperature field uniformity of molten glass in a forming process.
The invention also provides a forming method for improving the uniformity of molten glass in the glass casting forming process.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: the glass block forming device comprises a discharging pipe, a soaking cover, a forming die, a heat dissipation bracket, a transfer device and a lifting device, wherein the discharging pipe penetrates through the top of the soaking cover and enters a forming space formed by the soaking cover and the forming die; the forming die is positioned right below the soaking cover; the heat dissipation bracket is arranged below the forming die; the transfer device is positioned at the lower part of the heat dissipation bracket and is used for supporting and transferring the heat dissipation bracket and the forming die; the lifting device is positioned below the transfer device and is used for supporting and controlling the up-and-down movement speed of the forming die, the heat dissipation support and the transfer device.
Further, the central lines of the discharging pipe, the soaking cover, the forming die, the heat dissipation support and the transferring device are overlapped, and/or the centers of gravity of the discharging pipe, the soaking cover, the forming die, the heat dissipation support and the transferring device are on the same straight line.
Further, the discharging pipe is of a three-layer structure, and is respectively: the inner layer and the outer layer are both made of metal materials, and the middle layer is a refractory material layer.
Further, the soaking cover is composed of a metal frame, an insulating layer and a heating element, a round hole is formed in the center of the soaking cover, the discharging pipe penetrates through the round hole to enter a forming space, the heating element is arranged on the top and side wall area of the soaking cover, and the insulating layer is arranged on the metal frame.
Further, the forming die is composed of a side die and a bottom die, and the bottom die is formed by splicing a bottom die a, a bottom die b, a bottom die c, a bottom die d and a bolt.
Further, the forming die is composed of a side die and a bottom die, the side die is composed of fiber paper and a metal plate, the bottom die is composed of fiber paper and a metal plate, and the fiber paper is arranged on the outer surface of the metal plate of the side die and the outer surface of the metal plate of the bottom die.
Further, the outer surface of the base die is divided into a central area and an edge area, the central area is free of fiber paper, and the edge area surface is laid with fiber paper.
Further, the area ratio of the central area to the edge area is 1:2-3:1, and the thickness of the fiber paper on the surface of the side die is not smaller than that of the edge area of the bottom die.
Furthermore, the fiber paper is made of materials taking aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide and silicon carbide as main components, preferably aluminum oxide is taken as the main component to make the fiber paper, and the aluminum oxide content is not less than 30%, preferably the aluminum oxide content is higher than 40%; the volume weight of the fiber paper is 0.1-0.3g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The thickness of the fiber paper is below 15 mm.
Furthermore, the heat dissipation support is formed by connecting a radial support and an annular support, the hollowed-out part between the radial support and the annular support is a heat dissipation hole, the most central hole is a material leakage hole, and the heat dissipation support is divided into a central area and an edge area and is matched with the corresponding area of the bottom die.
Further, the edge area of the radiating bracket is composed of a radial bracket, an annular bracket and radiating holes, bosses are arranged on the radial bracket and the annular bracket, and the central area of the radiating bracket is composed of a radial bracket, an annular bracket, radiating holes and leakage holes; the upper surface of the boss of the edge area is flush with the upper surface of the central area, and the boss penetrates through the fiber paper to be in contact with the metal plate of the bottom die; each boss has a cross-sectional area less than or equal to a cross-sectional area of a groove formed between two adjacent bosses.
Further, the overall deformation of the upper surface of the heat dissipation bracket after being stressed is not higher than 10mm, and the deformation is preferably smaller than 5mm; the central area of the heat dissipation bracket is made of a material with a heat conduction coefficient not lower than 20W/(m.DEG C) within the temperature range of 400-900 ℃ and preferably has a heat conduction coefficient above 70W/(m.DEG C); the heat conductivity coefficient of the edge area of the heat dissipation bracket is not higher than that of the central area in the temperature range of 400-900 ℃.
Further, the heat dissipation bracket is of a round structure or a square structure; the heat dissipation support is of a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
Further, the transfer device is composed of a conveying bracket and a conveying rail.
A method of forming a glass block forming device, the method comprising the steps of:
1) Transferring the heat dissipation bracket and the forming die fixed on the transportation bracket to a process position below the discharging pipe through a transportation rail; lifting the heat dissipation bracket and the forming die to the process requirement height by using a lifting device; the current of the inner layer tube wall of the discharging tube is controlled by the current of the current, so that the contact interface between the glass liquid and the discharging tube generates heat, and the temperature of the glass liquid in the discharging tube is controlled within the process temperature range;
2) Starting a heating element at the top of the soaking cover and a heating element on the side wall of the soaking cover to enable the temperature of the inner space of the soaking cover to reach the process requirement;
3) The free liquid column of glass liquid contacts the surface of the bottom die, flows from the center to the periphery of the bottom die, gradually spreads out on the surface of the bottom die, controls the lifting device to slowly descend, continuously diffuses outwards and gradually accumulates in the forming space, and the forming is finished after the required thickness is reached;
4) The lifting device is controlled to quickly descend, the forming die, the heat dissipation support and the transportation support descend together, the transportation support contacts with the transportation rail after descending to a certain height, the lifting device is separated from the transportation support under the supporting effect of the transportation rail when the lifting device descends continuously, and then the forming die, the heat dissipation support and the transportation support for bearing glass blocks are quickly transferred to the next process link through the transportation rail for cooling treatment.
Further, the distance between the pipe orifice of the discharging pipe in the step 1) and the surface of the bottom die is 30-200mm, and the preferable distance is 50-100mm; the distance between the orifice of the discharging pipe in the step 3) and the free liquid level of the molten glass is 30-200mm, and the preferable distance is 50-100mm.
Further, the descending speed of the lifting device in the step 3) is not more than 25mm/min; the descending speed of the step 4) is not lower than 10cm/min.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the heat transfer characteristics in the glass block forming process, the design of a forming die and a heat dissipation bracket structure are improved, so that the purpose of optimizing the heat transfer of the lower surface and the side surface of glass liquid in the forming process is achieved, and the fluidity and the temperature field uniformity of the glass liquid in the forming process are improved; the heat dissipation rate of the central area of the bottom die is effectively improved through structural optimization, the heat dissipation rate of the edge area of the bottom die is reduced, and the uniformity of the temperature field of the bottom die is improved, so that the temperature uniformity of radial flow in the forming flow of glass liquid is improved; the improvement of the uniformity of the bottom die temperature field effectively reduces the problems of deformation, fracture, gap increase and the like caused by the local high temperature of the bottom die due to the heat concentration of the glass liquid in the forming process, is beneficial to controlling bubbles formed by micro-pores at a contact interface and the growth overflow speed thereof when the inner surface of the bottom die contacts with the glass liquid, and avoids the defect that the bubbles at the interface enter the glass liquid to form forming bubbles, thereby improving the quality qualification rate of formed products.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the device of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a bottom die structure according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a molding die according to another embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a circular heat dissipation bracket of the device of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a square heat dissipation bracket of the device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The glass block forming device comprises a discharging pipe 1, a soaking cover 2, a forming die 3, a heat dissipation bracket 4, a transferring device 5 and a lifting device 6, as shown in fig. 1. The discharging pipe 1 passes through the top of the soaking cover through a soaking cover round hole and enters a forming space 7 formed by the soaking cover 2 and the forming die 3, and the pipe orifice of the discharging pipe is always kept at a certain distance from the upper surface of the bottom die of the forming die 3; the forming die 3 is positioned right below the soaking cover 2, and the glass liquid is shaped in the forming space 7 after flowing out from the discharging pipe 1; the heat dissipation bracket 4 is arranged below the bottom of the forming die 3, is used for balancing heat dissipation of each area of the lower surface of the bottom die of the forming die 3, bears the pressure of the forming die 3 and the formed glass liquid, and prevents the surface of the glass from tensile stress and cracks caused by deformation of the forming die 3 after forming; the transfer device 5 is positioned at the lower part of the heat dissipation bracket 4, provides structural support for the heat dissipation bracket 4 and the forming die 3, and transfers the heat dissipation bracket 4, the forming die 3 and the formed glass liquid according to the process requirements; the lifting device 6 is positioned at the lowest part of the whole forming device, provides continuous support for the upper structure, and controls the up-and-down movement speed of the upper structure according to the technological requirements.
In the present invention, it is preferable that the center lines of the discharging pipe 1, the soaking cover 2, the forming die 3, the heat radiation support 4 and the transfer device 5 coincide, and that the forming device is in an optimal operation state when the centers of gravity of the discharging pipe 1, the soaking cover 2, the forming die 3, the heat radiation support 4 and the transfer device 5 are on a straight line.
The discharging pipe 1 is of a three-layer structure and comprises the following components: the inner layer 11, the outer layer 12 and the middle layer 13, wherein the inner layer 11 and the outer layer 12 are made of metal materials, and the middle layer 13 is a refractory material layer. When the glass discharging pipe is in operation, an electrifying loop is formed by connecting the outer metal layer and the inner metal layer, and after the inner metal layer and the outer metal layer are electrified, the interface of the inner metal layer of the discharging pipe, which is contacted with glass liquid, heats, so that heat supply is provided for the glass liquid 8 flowing in the discharging pipe 1.
The soaking cover 2 is composed of a metal frame 21, a heat insulating layer 22 and a heating element 23, a round hole is arranged in the center of the soaking cover 2, and the discharging pipe 1 passes through the round hole and enters the forming space 7. The metal frame 21 forms a framework of the soaking cover 2, and the metal frame 21 is used for keeping the stress structure of the soaking cover 2 from deforming in the glass liquid forming process; the heating elements 23 are arranged on the top and side wall areas of the soaking cover according to a certain rule, and the heating elements 23 can supply heat for the forming space 7 after heating; the heat insulating layer 22 is arranged on the metal frame 21, so that heat dissipation of the forming space can be greatly reduced.
The forming die 3 is composed of a side die 31 and a bottom die 32, and in the forming process, the flow of glass liquid is limited by the side die 31 and the bottom die 32, and the glass liquid is continuously stacked in a space formed by the side die 31 and the bottom die 32 until the required forming thickness is reached, and the forming is finished. In this process, the side mold 31 has the function of restricting the horizontal flow of the molten glass while controlling the heat dissipation of the molten glass at the outer surface of the side face; the bottom die 32 mainly restricts the flow of the molten glass in the vertical direction, and simultaneously controls the heat dissipation of the molten glass to the bottom. The side mold 31 and the bottom mold 32 are made of heat-resistant metal materials, preferably heat-resistant stainless steel or cast iron materials. The profile of side mold 31 may be determined based on the final desired shaped glass exterior shape, side mold 31 is preferably made of sheet metal of 3-10mm thickness, and the height of side mold 31 is preferably within 100mm of the final thickness of the desired shaped glass block. The bottom die 32 is preferably made of metal plates with the thickness of 20-40mm, and is preferably formed by uniformly splicing a plurality of metal plates, so that the problems of deformation, fracture, enlarged gaps and the like caused by the local high temperature of the bottom die 32 due to the concentrated heat of molten glass in the forming process can be effectively reduced.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the bottom die 32 is composed of bottom die a, bottom die b, bottom die c, bottom die d, and the insert pin 10. The bottom die a, the bottom die b, the bottom die c, the bottom die d and the bolt 10 are spliced with each other, each assembly has radial free expansion conditions, and the deformation of the bottom die at high temperature during thermal expansion is ensured to be within a process control range. Before the molding starts, the plug 10 is pushed outwards, so that a central hole is formed in the center of the bottom die a, the bottom die b, the bottom die c, the bottom die d and the plug 10, glass liquid flows downwards from the central hole, the glass liquid flowing downwards is recovered on the transfer device 5, after the molding starts formally, the plug 10 is pushed towards the center to close the central hole, the glass flow is cut off, and meanwhile, the glass liquid is accumulated on the bottom die 32 and divergently flows around.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the molding die 3 is composed of a side die 31 and a bottom die 32, wherein the side die 31 is composed of a fiber paper 33 and a heat-resistant metal plate, and the bottom die 32 is composed of the fiber paper 33 and the heat-resistant metal plate, and the fiber paper 33 is provided on the outer surface of the side die metal plate and the outer surface of the bottom die metal plate. The outer surface of the die bed is divided into a central area without the fiber paper 33 and an edge area where the fiber paper 33 is laid down. The fibrous paper 33 is not in contact with the molten glass 8 during the forming process, and the fibrous paper 33 can reduce heat loss on the side mold 31 and the bottom mold 32 during the molten glass forming process.
Specific experiments prove that the fiber paper 33 can be made of materials with aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon carbide and the like as main components, preferably the fiber paper is made of materials with aluminum oxide as the main component, and the aluminum oxide content in the materials is not lower than 30%; preferably, the alumina content of the fibrous paper 33 is higher than 40% to ensure that the fibrous paper 33 is not eroded during use at high temperatures; preferably, the fibrous paper 33 has a bulk weight of 0.1 to 0.3g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The thickness of the fibrous paper 33 is preferably 15mm or less.
In the glass block forming process, the edge area of the bottom die is obviously faster than the central area close to the discharging pipe, fiber paper is not arranged in the central area of the lower surface of the bottom die, and fiber paper with proper thickness is selectively arranged in the edge area, so that the heat transfer resistance of the edge area of the bottom die is increased, when the vertical flow of glass liquid from a free material column is changed into the horizontal flow with the central divergence, the heat transfer from the glass liquid to the bottom edge area is reduced, and more heat in the glass is brought to the edge area of the die, so that the heat transfer quantity of the glass liquid in the edge area of the lower surface in the forming process is reduced, the temperature uniformity of radial flow in the glass liquid forming flow is improved, and the temperature uniformity of the obtained glass block and the flow uniformity in the forming process are improved. In order to achieve the above object, it is preferable that the area ratio of the center area to the edge area of the bottom die is between 1:2 and 3:1; preferably, the thickness of the fiber paper on the surface of the side die is not smaller than that of the fiber paper on the edge area of the bottom die, so that the heat dissipation of glass liquid passing through the side die is reduced, and the uniformity of glass temperature in the direction from the center of the discharging pipe to any side die is further improved.
In the invention, in order to further control the reasonable heat dissipation of the bottom die 32 and prevent deformation and fracture of the bottom die 32 caused by overhigh local temperature, a heat dissipation bracket 4 is arranged below the bottom die 32 of the forming die 3. The heat dissipation bracket 4 is formed by connecting a radial bracket 41 and an annular bracket 42, wherein a hollowed-out part between the radial bracket 41 and the annular bracket 42 is a heat dissipation hole 43, and the most central hole is a material leakage hole 45, as shown in fig. 4-5. The heat dissipation bracket 4 is also divided into a central area and an edge area, and is matched with the corresponding area of the bottom die. The upper surface of the heat radiation bracket 4 is contacted with the lower surface of the bottom die. The heat dissipation bracket 4 is made of a metal material with high temperature resistance and good heat conductivity, and the heat dissipation bracket 4 can absorb the local superfluous heat of the bottom die through the structural design while providing support for the forming die 3 and the formed glass liquid in the forming process, so that the structural failure problem caused by the problems of local overheat deformation, fracture and the like of the bottom die is prevented; and meanwhile, the temperature field of the bottom die is controlled, so that bubbles formed by micro-pores at the contact interface and the growth overflow speed of the bubbles can be controlled when the inner surface of the bottom die contacts with the glass liquid, and the formed interface bubbles are prevented from entering the glass liquid to form forming bubble defects, thereby improving the quality qualification rate of formed products.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 4-5, the edge area of the heat dissipation bracket 4 mainly comprises a radial bracket 41, an annular bracket 42 and heat dissipation holes 43, wherein bosses 44 are arranged on the radial bracket 41 and the annular bracket 42; the central area of the heat dissipation bracket mainly comprises a radial bracket 41, an annular bracket 42, a heat dissipation hole 43 and a material leakage hole 45, wherein the material leakage hole 45 is mainly used for discharging waste glass before forming begins; the upper surface of the boss 44 in the edge region is flush with the upper surface of the central region, and the boss 44 passes through the fibrous paper to directly contact the die metal. The provision of a large number of bosses 44 in the edge region reduces the contact area between the heat dissipating bracket 4 and the edge region of the bottom die, thereby reducing the heat loss in the local region of the bottom die, and in order to ensure the design effect of the bosses 44, it is preferable that the cross-sectional area of each boss 44 is smaller than or equal to the cross-sectional area of the groove formed between two adjacent bosses 44. The region of the center region of the heat dissipation bracket, which is the same height as the boss 44, may be designed as a circular plate structure, thereby further increasing the contact area with the bottom die 32. The edge area and the central area of the heat dissipation bracket can be connected to form a whole through welding, rivet connection and other common mechanical connection modes. In order to ensure that the glass is not broken during the forming and subsequent annealing processes, the preferred structural design of the heat dissipation bracket 4 is that the integral deformation amount of the upper surface of the heat dissipation bracket is not higher than 10mm after being stressed during the high-temperature use process, and the deformation amount is preferably smaller than 5mm. In order to ensure the heat dissipation effect of the bottom die 32, it is preferable that the center region of the heat dissipation bracket is made of a material having a heat conductivity of not less than 20W/(m. Cndot. C.) at a temperature range of 400 to 900 ℃, and more preferably, a heat conductivity of not less than 70W/(m. Cndot. C.). Preferably, the heat conductivity coefficient of the edge area of the heat dissipation bracket is not higher than that of the central area in the temperature range of 400-900 ℃. The higher the heat conductivity coefficient of the central region of the heat dissipation support and the larger the contact area with the bottom die, the higher the heat transfer efficiency of the central region of the bottom die is, so that the temperature of the central region of the bottom die can be rapidly controlled, deformation of the bottom die caused by overheating of the central region of the bottom die, enlargement of gaps and formation of bubbles by expansion of gas at the contact interface of the bottom die and glass into glass liquid are prevented, and the uniformity of the glass liquid is influenced.
In one embodiment, the heat sink support 4 is of circular configuration, as shown in fig. 4. The heat dissipation bracket 4 comprises 3 annular brackets 42 and 8 radial brackets 41, wherein the innermost annular bracket 42 and its inner region are the central region of the heat dissipation bracket, and the rest regions are edge regions, and the number of the annular brackets 42 and the radial brackets 41 can be increased or decreased according to the load bearing requirement. The radial support 41 and the annular support 42 of the heat dissipation support 4 are connected into a whole, the upper surface of the radial support is in contact with the bottom die 32, the lower surface of the radial support is in contact with the conveying support 51 of the transfer device 5, heat is quickly transferred through the annular support 42 and the radial support 41, and meanwhile, the heat forms convection heat exchange with air in the heat dissipation holes 43 through the surface of the heat dissipation support 4. In order to ensure the heat dissipation effect, the heat dissipation bracket 4 may be made into a multi-layer structure, and fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing one layer. By adopting the heat dissipation bracket 4 shown in fig. 4, the central area of the bottom die is matched with the central area of the heat dissipation bracket, the annular bracket 42 and the radial bracket 41 in the central area are denser, and the heat conductivity coefficient of the material is larger, so that the heat in the central area of the bottom die can be quickly transferred into the heat dissipation bracket 4, and the temperature and pressure of the central area of the bottom die in the forming process can be reduced. In order to further increase the heat radiation effect, it is preferable to introduce a cooling gas into the heat radiation holes 43 in the central region of the heat radiation bracket, so that the air in the region exhibits forced convection, thereby improving the surface heat transfer efficiency of the bottom die 32 and the heat radiation bracket 4, and further improving the heat radiation speed of the bottom die 32.
In another embodiment, the heat sink support 4 is a square structure, as shown in fig. 5. The annular supports 42 form a concentric square structure, wherein the area inside the innermost annular support 42 is the central area of the heat dissipation support, the radial supports 41 are still dispersed to the periphery, and the heat dissipation support 4 can also achieve the above-mentioned effects. Therefore, the heat dissipation bracket 4 with the polygonal structure with four sides and above can realize the beneficial effects of the invention.
The heat dissipation support 4 is further provided with a transfer device 5 and a lifting device 6 below, the lifting device 5 and the transfer device 6 are mutually independent, the lifting device 5 is located at the bottom of the heat dissipation support 4 and used for supporting the forming die 3, the heat dissipation support 4 and formed glass liquid, and the transfer device 6 is used for moving the forming die 3 and the heat dissipation support 4 into or removing a forming process area.
The transfer device 5 is composed of a transport bracket 51 and a transport rail 52, and the transfer device 5 has the functions of transferring the upper heat dissipation bracket 4 and the forming die 3 to a position required by a process below the discharge pipe before forming is started, waiting for forming, and transferring the upper heat dissipation bracket 4, the forming die 3 and formed glass liquid to a position required by a next process from the lower part of the discharge pipe after forming is finished.
The lifting device 6 is used for lifting or lowering the height of the transfer device 5, the heat dissipation bracket 4, the forming die 3 and the formed glass liquid, so as to match the distance from the surface of the bottom die to the orifice of the discharge pipe. The lifting device 6 contacts with the conveying support 51 on the transferring device 5 during molding, and controls the conveying support 51 to move up and down. When the transport bracket 51 rises to a certain extent, the transport bracket 51 is separated from the transport rail 52, and at this time, the forming die 3, the heat dissipation bracket 4 and the transport bracket 51 are controlled by the lifting device 6 to move upwards simultaneously; when the forming mold 3, the heat-dissipating bracket 4 and the transporting bracket 51 are controlled by the lifting device 6 to move downward at the same time until the transporting bracket 51 stops descending after contacting with the transporting rail 52, at this time the forming mold 3, the heat-dissipating bracket 4 and the transporting bracket 51 can be transferred to the next cooling process through the transporting rail 52.
The glass block forming device of the invention also comprises a receiving box 9 for temporarily cutting off the glass liquid flowing out of the discharging pipe 1.
When the forming device works, the lifting device 6 is controlled to lift the transportation bracket 51, and the transportation bracket 51 is separated from the transportation rail 52 of the transfer device 5 in the lifting process, so that the heat dissipation bracket 4 and the forming die 3 are lifted upwards through the transportation bracket 51 until the distance between the orifice of the discharging pipe and the bottom die of the forming die meets the technological requirement, and then the lifting is stopped; the power of heating is controlled by controlling the power of the current of the discharging pipe 1, so that the interface of the molten glass in the discharging pipe and the discharging pipe 1 in contact generates heat, and the temperature of the molten glass in the discharging pipe 1 is controlled; when forming starts, the wall temperature of the discharging pipe is regulated to be within the temperature range of the forming process, glass liquid in the discharging pipe 1 flows downwards under the action of gravity, a section of free liquid column is formed after glass flows out of the discharging pipe 1, the free liquid column is gradually accumulated in a space formed by the bottom die 32 and the side die 31 after contacting the bottom die 32 of the forming die 3, the lifting device 6 controls the heat dissipation bracket 4, the side die 31 and the bottom die 32 to move downwards together in the accumulating process, and after the thickness of a glass block reaches the requirement, the forming of the glass block is finished.
In the glass forming process, the heat transfer process of the glass liquid mainly focuses on radiation heat transfer from the free surface area to the outer wall surface, convection heat transfer between air and the free surface and interface heat conduction heat transfer of the contact mold area; the glass liquid flow uniformity and the glass liquid viscosity change have close relations, the glass viscosity is mainly controlled by components and temperature, and when the glass components are selected, the viscosity change of the glass is mainly related to the temperature, so that the glass liquid viscosity change can be controlled by controlling the glass liquid temperature change, and further the glass liquid flow uniformity change can be controlled. As can be seen from analysis of the forming process of the large glass block, the free surface and the glass bottom surface occupy much larger area than the side surfaces in the forming process, so that the problem of related uniformity can be solved by preferentially transferring heat from the free surface and the bottom surface of the glass liquid when the temperature field uniformity and the glass liquid flow uniformity in the forming process are optimized.
After the forming is completed, the forming die 3 is filled with glass liquid with a certain height, at the moment, the glass liquid flowing out of the discharging pipe 1 is blocked by the material receiving box 9 and continuously enters the forming die 3, and then the forming die 3, the heat dissipation bracket 4 and the transportation bracket 51 are quickly lowered by the lifting device 6. After the glass block is lowered to a certain height, the conveying support 51 is in contact with the conveying track 52, under the supporting action of the conveying track 52, when the lifting device 6 is lowered continuously, the lifting device 6 is separated from the conveying support 51, then the forming die 3 for bearing the glass block, the heat dissipation support 4 and the conveying support 51 are quickly transferred to the next cooling process link through the conveying track 52, cooling is finished when the glass surface is cooled to the temperature of the glass strain point, and finally the glass is transferred to the annealing furnace for controlled cooling to the room temperature.
The problem of glass uniformity in the molding process is solved, the molding quality is improved according to the characteristics of the molding process of the bulk glass, and the temperature difference in all directions inside the glass block in the molding process is reduced by reasonably supplementing heat and dissipating heat from the free surface of the glass and the surface contacted with the mold, so that the uniformity of a product after the block is molded is improved, and the molding quality and the material utilization rate of the product are improved.
The present invention provides a molding method for improving the uniformity of molten glass in a molding process by using a block molding apparatus having the above structure, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Before forming, moving the material receiving box 9 to the lower part of the pipe orifice of the discharge pipe, adopting the material receiving box 9 to receive the glass liquid flowing out of the discharge pipe 1, then transferring the heat dissipation bracket 4 and the forming die 3 fixed on the transportation bracket 51 to the process position below the discharge pipe 1 through the transportation rail 52, outwards extracting the bolt 10 of the bottom die 32, and forming a central hole on the bottom die 32; then lifting the heat dissipation bracket 4 and the forming die 3 to the process required height by using the lifting device 6, and stopping lifting; then controlling the current of the inner layer tube wall of the discharging tube through the current of the current, so that the contact interface between the glass liquid and the discharging tube generates heat, and the temperature of the glass liquid in the discharging tube 1 is controlled within the process temperature range;
(2) When the forming is started, firstly, the material receiving box 9 is removed from the lower part of the material discharging pipe 1, at the moment, the glass liquid leaves the material discharging pipe 1 to form a free liquid column, and the free liquid column passes through the bottom die center hole and the material leakage hole 45 of the heat dissipation bracket 4 and is quickly recovered and cleaned below the material leakage hole 45; starting a heating element 23 at the top of the soaking cover 2 and a heating element 23 on the side wall, and pushing the bolt 10 of the bottom die 32 inwards after the temperature of the inner space of the soaking cover 2 meets the technological requirement to block glass liquid from continuously passing through the central hole of the bottom die;
(3) After the bolt 10 is in place, the central hole of the bottom die disappears, at the moment, the free liquid column of the glass liquid contacts the surface of the bottom die from the center to the periphery of the bottom die, and gradually spreads out on the surface of the bottom die, and the lifting device 6 is controlled to slowly descend before the glass liquid spreads out to contact the side die 31; the glass liquid continuously diffuses outwards, then gradually spreads over the bottom die 32 and then contacts the surface of the side die, the glass liquid is limited by the side die 31 to gradually accumulate in the forming space, and the forming is finished after the required thickness is reached;
(4) The material receiving box 9 is moved to the lower part of the pipe orifice of the material discharging pipe again to block the glass liquid from continuously filling into the forming die 3; then the lifting device 6 is controlled to quickly descend, at the moment, the forming die 3, the heat dissipation support 4 and the transportation support 51 descend together, after the forming die 3, the heat dissipation support 4 and the transportation support 51 descend to a certain height, the transportation support 51 is in contact with the transportation track 52, under the supporting effect of the transportation track 52, the lifting device 6 is separated from the transportation support 51 when the lifting device 6 descends continuously, and then the forming die 3, the heat dissipation support 4 and the transportation support 51 for bearing glass blocks are quickly transferred to the next process link through the transportation track 52 for cooling treatment.
By adopting the forming method, the center lines of the discharging pipe 1, the bottom die center hole and the heat dissipation bracket material leakage hole are preferably overlapped, so that the flow consistency is good when the glass liquid flows around in the subsequent forming, and the appearance of the formed product is better.
By adopting the forming method, the distance between the pipe orifice of the discharging pipe and the surface of the bottom die is preferably 30-200mm before the forming is started, and more preferably 50-100mm; after the start of the forming, the distance between the orifice of the tapping pipe and the free surface of the molten glass after the molten glass spreads out and contacts the side mold 31 is between 30 and 200mm, more preferably between 50 and 100mm. The molding process is controlled in the mode, so that molding defects such as molding stripes and bubbles can be effectively prevented.
By adopting the forming method, the lifting device 6 needs to be provided with the functions of rapid lifting and slow lifting, and needs to rapidly lift before forming starts, and rapidly descend after forming ends, so that the forming of the block is completed; in the forming process, the distance between the orifice of the discharging pipe and the free liquid level of the glass liquid needs to be controlled by adopting slow descent according to the rising speed of the liquid level of the glass. The lifting device 6 preferably has a rapid lifting speed of not less than 10cm/min; the slow lifting speed is not more than 25mm/min.
The glass block forming device and the forming method thereof are suitable for improving the flow uniformity and the temperature field uniformity of glass liquid in the forming process of conventional optical glass, optical glass containing easily devitrified components, low-expansion borosilicate glass, low-expansion microcrystalline glass and other types of glass liquid.
The glass block forming method is particularly suitable for forming glass blocks with the flow rate of the glass liquid of the discharging pipe of 100L/h and above.
Claims (18)
1. The glass block forming device is characterized by comprising a discharging pipe (1), a soaking cover (2), a forming die (3), a heat dissipation bracket (4), a transfer device (5) and a lifting device (6), wherein the discharging pipe (1) penetrates through the top of the soaking cover to enter a forming space (7) formed by the soaking cover (2) and the forming die (3); the forming die (3) is positioned right below the soaking cover (2); the heat dissipation bracket (4) is arranged below the bottom of the forming die (3); the transfer device (5) is positioned below the heat dissipation bracket (4), and is used for supporting and transferring the heat dissipation bracket (4) and the forming die (3); the lifting device (6) is positioned below the transferring device (5) and is used for supporting and controlling the up-and-down movement speed of the forming die (3), the heat dissipation bracket (4) and the transferring device (5); the forming die (3) is composed of a side die (31) and a bottom die (32), the side die (31) is composed of fiber paper (33) and a metal plate, the bottom die (32) is composed of fiber paper (33) and a metal plate, the fiber paper (33) is arranged on the outer surface of the side die metal plate and the outer surface of the bottom die metal plate, the outer surface of the bottom die is divided into a central area and an edge area, the central area is free of the fiber paper (33), the surface of the edge area is paved with the fiber paper (33), the area ratio of the area of the central area to the area of the edge area is 1:2-3:1, and the thickness of the fiber paper (33) on the surface of the side die (31) is not smaller than that of the edge area of the bottom die (32).
2. Glass block forming device according to claim 1, wherein the centre lines of the discharge pipe (1), the soaking mantle (2), the forming mould (3), the heat dissipation support (4) and the transfer device (5) coincide and/or the centre of gravity of the discharge pipe (1), the soaking mantle (2), the forming mould (3), the heat dissipation support (4) and the transfer device (5) are in line.
3. Glass block forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the discharge pipe (1) has a three-layer structure of: the fire-resistant composite material comprises an inner layer (11), an outer layer (12) and an intermediate layer (13), wherein the inner layer (11) and the outer layer (12) are made of metal materials, and the intermediate layer (13) is a fire-resistant material layer.
4. The glass block forming device according to claim 1, wherein the soaking cover (2) is composed of a metal frame (21), a heat insulating layer (22) and a heating element (23), a round hole is formed in the center of the soaking cover (2), the discharging pipe (1) penetrates through the round hole to enter the forming space (7), the heating element (23) is arranged on the top and side wall area of the soaking cover, and the heat insulating layer (22) is arranged on the metal frame (21).
5. The glass block forming device according to claim 1, wherein the forming mold (3) is composed of a side mold (31) and a bottom mold (32), and the bottom mold (32) is formed by splicing a bottom mold a, a bottom mold b, a bottom mold c, a bottom mold d and a plug pin (10).
6. The glass block forming device of claim 1, wherein the fibersThe paper (33) is made of materials with aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide and silicon carbide as main components; the bulk weight of the fiber paper (33) is 0.1-0.3g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The thickness of the fiber paper (33) is 15mm or less.
7. A glass block forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fibrous paper (33) is made of alumina as a main component, and the alumina content is not less than 30%.
8. A glass block forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fibrous paper (33) is made of alumina as a main component, said alumina content being higher than 40%.
9. The glass block forming device according to claim 1, wherein the heat dissipation support (4) is formed by connecting a radial support (41) and an annular support (42), a hollowed-out part between the radial support (41) and the annular support (42) is a heat dissipation hole (43), the most central hole is a material leakage hole (45), and the heat dissipation support (4) is divided into a central area and an edge area and is matched with the corresponding area of the bottom die.
10. The glass block forming device according to claim 1, wherein the edge area of the heat dissipation bracket (4) is composed of a radial bracket (41), an annular bracket (42) and a heat dissipation hole (43), bosses (44) are arranged on the radial bracket (41) and the annular bracket (42), and the central area of the heat dissipation bracket (4) is composed of the radial bracket (41), the annular bracket (42), the heat dissipation hole (43) and a leakage hole (45); the upper surface of a boss (44) in the edge area of the heat dissipation bracket (4) is flush with the upper surface of the central area, and the boss (44) passes through the fiber paper (33) to be in contact with the metal plate of the bottom die (32); each boss (44) has a cross-sectional area less than or equal to a cross-sectional area of a groove formed between two adjacent bosses (44).
11. The glass block forming device according to claim 1, wherein the upper surface of the heat dissipation bracket (4) is stressed to have an overall deformation of not more than 10mm; the central area of the heat dissipation bracket (4) is made of a material with the heat conductivity coefficient not lower than 20W/(m.DEG C) within the temperature range of 400-900 ℃; the heat conductivity coefficient of the edge area of the heat dissipation bracket (4) is not higher than that of the central area in the temperature range of 400-900 ℃.
12. The glass block forming device according to claim 1, wherein the upper surface of the heat dissipation bracket (4) is stressed to have an overall deformation of less than 5mm; the central area of the heat dissipation bracket (4) is made of a material with a heat conduction coefficient of more than 70W/(m DEG C) within the temperature range of 400-900 ℃.
13. A glass block forming device according to claim 1, wherein the heat dissipation bracket (4) is of a circular or square configuration; the heat dissipation bracket (4) is of a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
14. Glass block forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the transfer device (5) is constituted by a transport carriage (51) and a transport rail (52).
15. A method of forming a glass block forming device, the method comprising the steps of:
1) Transferring the heat dissipation bracket (4) and the forming die (3) which are fixed on the transportation bracket (51) to a process position below the discharge pipe (1) through the transportation rail (52); lifting the heat dissipation bracket (4) and the forming die (3) to the process requirement height by using the lifting device (6); the current of the inner layer tube wall of the discharging tube is controlled by the current of the current, so that the contact interface between the glass liquid and the discharging tube generates heat, and the temperature of the glass liquid in the discharging tube (1) is controlled within the process temperature range;
2) Starting a heating element (23) at the top of the soaking cover (2) and a heating element (23) on the side wall of the soaking cover to enable the temperature of the inner space of the soaking cover (2) to reach the process requirement;
3) The free liquid column of glass liquid contacts the surface of the bottom die, flows from the center to the periphery of the bottom die, and gradually spreads out on the surface of the bottom die, controls the lifting device (6) to slowly descend, continuously diffuses outwards and gradually builds up thick in the forming space, and the forming is finished after the required thickness is reached;
4) The lifting device (6) is controlled to quickly descend, the forming die (3), the heat dissipation support (4) and the conveying support (51) descend together, the conveying support (51) is in contact with the conveying track (52) after the forming die descends to a certain height, the lifting device (6) is separated from the conveying support (51) under the supporting effect of the conveying track (52) when the lifting device (6) descends continuously again, and then the forming die (3), the heat dissipation support (4) and the conveying support (51) for bearing glass blocks are quickly transferred to the next process link through the conveying track (52) to be subjected to cooling treatment.
16. The method of forming a glass block forming device according to claim 15, wherein the distance between the nozzle of the discharge pipe in step 1) and the surface of the bottom mold is 30-200mm; the distance between the orifice of the discharging pipe in the step 3) and the free liquid level of the molten glass is 30-200mm.
17. The method of forming a glass block forming device according to claim 15, wherein the distance between the nozzle of the discharge pipe in step 1) and the surface of the bottom mold is 50-100mm; the distance between the orifice of the discharging pipe in the step 3) and the free liquid level of the molten glass is 50-100mm.
18. The method of forming a glass block forming device according to claim 15, wherein the lowering speed of the lifting device (6) of step 3) is not greater than 25mm/min; the descending speed of the step 4) is not lower than 10cm/min.
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| CN114436512B (en) * | 2022-02-10 | 2023-06-23 | 成都光明光电有限责任公司 | Glass block forming device and forming method thereof |
| CN114920447B (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2024-03-29 | 杭州纳玻科技有限公司 | Preparation method, forming device and product of borosilicate glass with few bubbles |
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