CN114408911B - Preparation method of graphene-based aerogel with ultra-fast light-thermal response - Google Patents
Preparation method of graphene-based aerogel with ultra-fast light-thermal response Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229940087748 lithium sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001338 self-assembly Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- VZJVWSHVAAUDKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium permanganate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][Mn](=O)(=O)=O VZJVWSHVAAUDKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001808 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004768 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002381 Plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002784 hot electron Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007626 photothermal therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/182—Graphene
- C01B32/194—After-treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/0091—Preparation of aerogels, e.g. xerogels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
- C01B32/168—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
- C01B32/168—After-treatment
- C01B32/174—Derivatisation; Solubilisation; Dispersion in solvents
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of graphene aerogel with ultra-fast light-thermal response, and belongs to the field of photo-thermal response materials. The invention aims to solve the technical problems of long response time and low steady-state temperature of the traditional carbon-based photo-thermal material. The method of the invention comprises the following steps: step one, under stirring, sequentially adding graphene oxide sponge and acidified carbon nanotubes into deionized water, uniformly dispersing, adding lithium sulfate, performing liquid-phase self-assembly after the lithium sulfate is added, quickly freezing after the self-assembly is finished, and freeze-drying; and step two, vacuum drying and constant-temperature calcining under the protection of inert gas to obtain the graphene-based aerogel. The aerogel prepared by the invention has ultra-fast photo-thermal response, and the advantage of high steady-state temperature makes the aerogel hopeful to realize potential application in multiple fields.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of photo-thermal response materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of graphene-based aerogel with ultra-fast photo-thermal response.
Background
With the increasing exhaustion of non-renewable energy sources such as coal, petroleum, natural gas and the like, the development and utilization of solar energy have become important contents of sustainable development strategies of various countries. The photothermal conversion is one of important ways to effectively utilize solar energy, and can effectively expand the application range of the solar energy to important research and application fields such as photothermal therapy, water body environment purification, seawater desalination, catalysis and the like. Therefore, the search for and development of high-efficiency photothermal conversion materials has been extensively studied by scientists.
The photothermal material converts solar energy into heat energy, specifically, electrons in the material interact with incident photons, and the absorption of photon energy is realized through two modes of ion excimer resonance or energy level transition, so that hot electrons in an excited state are generated. The thermal electrons in the excited state realize energy transfer and redistribution to the thermal equilibrium state development through secondary radiation or vibration relaxation. The process from the electron absorption photon in the material entering an excited state to the restoration of thermal equilibrium is macroscopically represented by the generation and diffusion of thermal energy (temperature) and the influence of factors such as the physical property, the structure and the size of the photo-thermal material. Currently, the photothermal material systems studied mainly include: plasma metal materials, carbon-based materials, and semiconductor materials. Among these photo-thermal materials, the plasmonic metal nanoparticles have relatively good photo-thermal conversion capability, but have high cost, limited storage capacity and further improved stability; for semiconductor materials, the light absorption capability is weak and the materials are unstable; and for the carbon material, it has excellent light absorption ability, thermal conductivity and physicochemical stability. The graphene-based photothermal material has weakly bound pi electrons in the energy level, and the electrons are excited to be promoted from a ground state (highest occupied molecular orbital, HOMO) to a higher-energy orbital (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, LUMO). The excited electrons release heat when they return to their ground state by relaxation, so that they have good broadband light absorption ability and light-to-heat conversion ability, and have attracted much attention from scientists. However, graphene-based materials have the problems of long response time and low steady-state temperature, and the development and utilization of carbon-based photothermal materials are greatly limited by the two.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of long response time and low steady-state temperature of the traditional carbon-based photo-thermal material, thereby greatly limiting the application of the carbon-based photo-thermal material in related fields; the invention provides a preparation method of three-dimensional highly-directionally-arranged radial centrosymmetric graphene-based aerogel. The aerogel prepared by the method has ultra-fast photo-thermal response and high steady-state temperature.
The graphene-based aerogel with highly oriented arrangement and radial centrosymmetric structure obtained by the method has ultrafast photo-thermal response and high steady-state temperature. Under the illumination condition, the graphene-based aerogel material with a special structure obtained by the method can rapidly absorb photon energy, pi-pi transition is generated, excited electrons are relaxed by electron-phonon coupling, and the excited electrons are transferred into lattice vibration. In the highly oriented array structure, the further collective macroscopic arrangement of the electric dipoles accelerates the surface temperature of the material to reach a steady state. Therefore, the aerogel prepared by the invention has ultra-fast photo-thermal response, and the advantage of high steady-state temperature makes the aerogel hopefully realize potential application in multiple fields.
In order to realize the technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a three-dimensional highly-directionally-arranged radial centrosymmetric graphene-based aerogel, which comprises the following steps:
step one, under stirring, sequentially adding graphene oxide sponge and acidified carbon nanotubes into deionized water, uniformly dispersing, adding lithium sulfate, performing liquid-phase self-assembly after the lithium sulfate is added, quickly freezing after the self-assembly is finished, and freeze-drying;
step two, vacuum drying is carried out, and constant-temperature calcination is carried out under the protection of inert gas, so that the graphene-based aerogel is obtained;
wherein, the mass ratio of the oxidized graphene sponge to the acidified carbon nano tube to the lithium sulfate in the step one is (20-60) to (10-40) to (10-30).
Further limiting, in the first step, the volume ratio of the total mass of the graphene oxide sponge, the acidified carbon nanotubes and the lithium sulfate to the deionized water is (0.6-3) g: (10-50) mL.
Further, the preparation method of the graphene oxide sponge in the first step is as follows: in the form of crystalline flake graphite, 98% (by mass)Concentrated sulfuric acid (H) 2 SO 4 ) Sodium nitrate (NaNO) 3 ) Potassium permanganate (KMnO) 4 ) And 30% by mass of hydrogen peroxide as a raw material, preparing graphene oxide by a liquid phase stripping method (Hummers), centrifugally washing the graphene oxide solution after the reaction is finished until the pH of the solution is =7, and freeze-drying the graphene oxide solution at-10 ℃ to obtain the graphene oxide sponge.
Further limited, the step one of acidifying the carbon nanotubes is performed according to the following steps: adding 120mL of concentrated sulfuric acid and 40mL of concentrated nitric acid into 1g of carbon nano tube, magnetically stirring, condensing and refluxing for 3h at 55 ℃, washing with deionized water until the pH value is 7 after the reaction is finished, and freeze-drying to obtain the acidified carbon nano tube.
Further, the step one is defined by utilizing liquid nitrogen to carry out quick freezing.
Further defined, the freeze-drying in step one is performed according to the following steps: and (3) putting the frozen solid into a freeze dryer, and continuously freeze-drying for 50-90 h at the vacuum degree of 0.5-10 Pa and the temperature of-10 ℃.
Further, the vacuum drying in the second step is performed according to the following steps: taking out the freeze-dried material, placing the material in a vacuum oven, and carrying out constant temperature treatment for 24-48 h at the vacuum degree of 2-10 Pa and the temperature of 60 ℃.
Further limiting, the constant-temperature calcination in the second step is carried out in a tubular furnace, the protective gas is nitrogen, and the constant-temperature calcination is carried out for 2 to 4 hours at the temperature of between 100 and 400 ℃.
The lithium sulfate adopted by the invention promotes self-assembly to form an orderly-arranged structure; after liquid-phase self-assembly occurs in a mixed solution in which graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes and lithium sulfate exist simultaneously, the liquid nitrogen in a bidirectional cold source is used for quickly freezing, the radial growth of ice crystals is not laminar, and irregular shapes are accompanied by the changes of thickness and roughness, so that a highly ordered structure is generated. The ice crystals are removed during sublimation, forming this highly ordered aerogel structure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
on one hand: a large number of light trap structures are constructed by the special three-dimensional porous graphene-based aerogel array structure which is radially and centrally symmetrical, so that excellent light collection is realized, and effective absorption of solar radiation is improved. On the other hand: according to the special highly-oriented graphene-based aerogel structure, under the illumination condition, the carbon material absorbs photon energy to generate pi-pi transition, excited electrons are relaxed by electron-phonon coupling and transferred into lattice vibration, and further collective macroscopic arrangement of electric dipoles in a three-dimensional highly-oriented array structure can accelerate the increase of the surface temperature of the material.
For a better understanding of the nature and technical content of the present invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description of the invention and to the accompanying drawings, which are provided for purposes of illustration and description only and are not intended to be limiting.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a temperature-time diagram and an infrared thermal imaging diagram of a graphene-based aerogel prepared by the method of example 1, wherein (a) the temperature-time diagram (b) in fig. 1 is an infrared thermal imaging diagram;
fig. 2 is a temperature-time chart and an infrared thermal imaging chart of the graphene-based aerogel prepared by the method of example 2, wherein in fig. 2, (a) the temperature-time chart, (b) the infrared thermal imaging chart;
fig. 3 is a temperature-time chart and an infrared thermal imaging chart of the graphene-based aerogel prepared by the method of example 3, wherein in fig. 2, (a) the temperature-time chart, (b) the infrared thermal imaging chart;
fig. 4 is a temperature-time chart and an infrared thermal imaging chart of the graphene-based aerogel prepared by the method of example 4, wherein in fig. 2, (a) the temperature-time chart, (b) the infrared thermal imaging chart;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram and a physical representation of a three-dimensional graphene-based aerogel prepared by the method of example 4;
FIG. 6 is a scanning electron microscope image of a three-dimensional graphene-based aerogel prepared by the method of example 4;
FIG. 7 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of a product prepared by the method of comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better understood by reference to the following examples. The invention is not limited to that described in the detailed description.
The graphene oxide sponges used in the following examples were prepared by the following steps: preparing graphene oxide by using crystalline flake graphite, 98 mass percent of concentrated sulfuric acid, sodium nitrate, potassium permanganate and 30 mass percent of hydrogen peroxide as raw materials through a liquid phase stripping method, centrifugally washing until the pH of the solution is =7 after the reaction is finished, and freeze-drying at-10 ℃ to obtain the graphene oxide sponge.
The acidified carbon nanotubes used in the following examples were prepared by the following steps: adding 120mL of concentrated sulfuric acid and 40mL of concentrated nitric acid into 1g of carbon nano tube, magnetically stirring, condensing and refluxing for 3h at 55 ℃, washing with deionized water until the pH value is 7 after the reaction is finished, and freeze-drying to obtain the acidified carbon nano tube.
Example 1: in this embodiment, a preparation method of the graphene-based aerogel with ultra-fast photo-thermal response is performed according to the following steps:
step one, under stirring, sequentially adding 0.6g of sponge and 0.2g of acidified carbon nano tube into 30mL of deionized water, uniformly dispersing, adding 0.2g of lithium sulfate, carrying out liquid-phase self-assembly after the lithium sulfate is added, quickly freezing by using liquid nitrogen after the self-assembly is finished, putting the frozen solid into a freeze dryer, and continuously freeze-drying for 60 hours at the temperature of minus 10 ℃ under the vacuum degree of 2 Pa;
and step two, taking out the freeze-dried material, placing the material in a vacuum oven, carrying out constant temperature treatment for 24 hours at the vacuum degree of 5Pa and the temperature of 60 ℃, then placing the material in a tubular furnace, and carrying out constant temperature calcination for 3 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen to obtain the graphene-based aerogel.
At 1sun, photothermal response tests were performed. The temperature-time graph and the infrared thermal imaging graph of the graphene-based aerogel prepared by the method of the present embodiment are shown in fig. 1, and it can be seen from fig. 1a that the graphene-based aerogel shows a temperature response (40s, 59.8 ℃) and a uniform temperature distribution (fig. 1 b).
Example 2: the preparation method of the graphene-based aerogel with the ultra-fast light-thermal response in the embodiment is carried out according to the following steps:
step one, under stirring, sequentially adding 0.6g of graphene oxide sponge and 0.2g of acidified carbon nano tube into 30mL of deionized water, uniformly dispersing, adding 0.2g of lithium sulfate, carrying out liquid-phase self-assembly after the lithium sulfate is added, quickly freezing by using liquid nitrogen after the self-assembly is finished, putting the frozen solid into a freeze dryer, and continuously freeze-drying for 60 hours at the temperature of minus 10 ℃ under the vacuum degree of 2 Pa;
and step two, taking out the freeze-dried material, placing the material in a vacuum oven, carrying out constant temperature treatment for 24 hours at the vacuum degree of 5Pa and the temperature of 60 ℃, then placing the material in a tube furnace, and calcining for 3 hours at the constant temperature of 200 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen to obtain the graphene-based aerogel.
The photothermal response test was performed at 1 sun. The temperature-time graph and the infrared thermal imaging graph of the graphene-based aerogel prepared by the method of the present embodiment are shown in fig. 2, and it can be seen from fig. 2a that the graphene-based aerogel shows a temperature response (40s, 66 ℃) and a uniform temperature distribution (fig. 2 b).
Example 3: in this embodiment, a preparation method of the graphene-based aerogel with ultra-fast photo-thermal response is performed according to the following steps:
step one, under stirring, sequentially adding 0.6g of graphene oxide sponge and 0.2g of acidified carbon nano tube into 30mL of deionized water, uniformly dispersing, adding 0.2g of lithium sulfate, carrying out liquid-phase self-assembly after the lithium sulfate is added, quickly freezing by using liquid nitrogen after the self-assembly is finished, putting the frozen solid into a freeze dryer, and continuously freeze-drying for 60 hours at the temperature of minus 10 ℃ under the vacuum degree of 2 Pa;
and step two, taking out the freeze-dried material, placing the material in a vacuum oven, carrying out constant temperature treatment for 24 hours at the vacuum degree of 5Pa and the temperature of 60 ℃, then placing the material in a tube furnace, and calcining for 3 hours at the constant temperature of 300 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen to obtain the graphene-based aerogel.
The photothermal response test was performed at 1 sun. The temperature-time diagram and the infrared thermal imaging diagram of the graphene-based aerogel prepared by the method of the present embodiment are shown in fig. 1, and it can be seen from fig. 3a that the graphene-based aerogel shows a temperature response (25s, 76.1 ℃) and a uniform temperature distribution (fig. 3 b).
Example 4: in this embodiment, a preparation method of the graphene-based aerogel with ultra-fast photo-thermal response is performed according to the following steps:
step one, under stirring, sequentially adding 0.6g of graphene oxide sponge and 0.2g of acidified carbon nano tube into 30mL of deionized water, uniformly dispersing, adding 0.2g of lithium sulfate, carrying out liquid-phase self-assembly after the lithium sulfate is added, quickly freezing by using liquid nitrogen after the self-assembly is finished, putting the frozen solid into a freeze dryer, and continuously freeze-drying for 60 hours at the temperature of minus 10 ℃ under the vacuum degree of 2 Pa;
and step two, taking out the freeze-dried material, placing the material in a vacuum oven, carrying out constant temperature treatment for 24 hours at the vacuum degree of 5Pa and the temperature of 60 ℃, then placing the material in a tubular furnace, and calcining for 3 hours at the constant temperature of 400 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen to obtain the graphene-based aerogel.
The photothermal response test was performed at 1 sun. The temperature-time diagram and the infrared thermal imaging diagram of the graphene-based aerogel prepared by the method of the present embodiment are shown in fig. 1, and it can be known from fig. 4a that the graphene-based aerogel shows a temperature response (8s, 91.5 ℃) and a uniform temperature distribution (fig. 4 b).
TABLE 1 comparison of the Properties of different photothermal materials
Table 1 shows that, in this example, the prepared graphene-based aerogel has high photo-thermal conversion capability and stable temperature, and the real diagram and schematic diagram of the graphene aerogel are shown in fig. 5a, b; the scan is shown in fig. 6.
Comparative example 1: step one, under stirring, sequentially adding 0.6g of graphene oxide sponge and 0.2g of acidified carbon nano tube into 30mL of deionized water, uniformly dispersing, quickly freezing by using liquid nitrogen, putting the frozen solid into a freeze dryer, and continuously freeze-drying for 60 hours at the temperature of-10 ℃ under the vacuum degree of 2 Pa;
and step two, taking out the freeze-dried material, placing the material in a vacuum oven, carrying out constant temperature treatment for 24 hours at the vacuum degree of 5Pa and the temperature of 60 ℃, then placing the material in a tubular furnace, and carrying out constant temperature calcination for 3 hours at the temperature of 400 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen to obtain the graphene-based aerogel. The scan is shown in fig. 7, and a highly directional array structure cannot be formed.
Claims (1)
1. A preparation method of graphene-based aerogel with ultra-fast light-thermal response is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, under stirring, sequentially adding 0.6g of graphene oxide sponge and 0.2g of acidified carbon nano tube into 30mL of deionized water, uniformly dispersing, adding 0.2g of lithium sulfate, carrying out liquid-phase self-assembly after the lithium sulfate is added, quickly freezing by using liquid nitrogen after the self-assembly is finished, putting the frozen solid into a freeze dryer, and continuously freeze-drying for 60 hours at the temperature of minus 10 ℃ under the vacuum degree of 2 Pa;
and step two, taking out the freeze-dried material, placing the material in a vacuum oven, carrying out constant temperature treatment for 24 hours at the vacuum degree of 5Pa and the temperature of 60 ℃, then placing the material in a tubular furnace, and calcining for 3 hours at the constant temperature of 400 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen to obtain the graphene-based aerogel.
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