CN114395422B - Water-cooled wall gasifier separately adopting natural circulation and forced circulation and cooling method - Google Patents
Water-cooled wall gasifier separately adopting natural circulation and forced circulation and cooling method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A water-cooled wall gasifier and a cooling method which separately adopt natural circulation and forced circulation relate to the field of gasifier equipment. The invention solves the problems that the water-cooled wall of the top circular platform section of the natural circulation water-cooled wall gasification furnace in the prior art is easy to burn, the maintenance difficulty is high after burning, and the maintenance quality can not be ensured. The circular truncated cone section water-cooling wall, the upper header, the cylindrical section water-cooling wall and the lower header are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the circular truncated cone section water-cooling wall is positioned at the top of a gasification furnace and is an independent coil pipe type water-cooling wall, the cylindrical section water-cooling wall is positioned at the lower part of the gasification furnace and is an independent vertical tube array type water-cooling wall, and the upper end and the lower end of a vertical tube array of the cylindrical section water-cooling wall are respectively connected with an inlet of the upper header and an outlet of the lower header. The invention separately adopts the forced circulation water-cooling wall with higher working medium flow velocity, larger convection heat transfer coefficient and stronger heat transfer effect at the top circular platform section of the gasification furnace, thereby solving the problem that the water-cooling wall at the top circular platform section is easy to burn.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of gasification furnace equipment, in particular to a water-cooled wall gasification furnace with natural circulation and forced circulation for sublevel mining and a cooling method.
Background
The characteristics of rich coal, poor oil and less gas are the basic characteristics of the energy structure in China, determine that the coal energy in China will occupy the leading position of energy production and consumption for a long time, and how to utilize the coal resources cleanly and efficiently becomes an important direction for realizing the aim of carbon neutralization. The coal gasification technology is a clean coal technology with high efficiency. The current coal gasification technologies are mainly divided into four types, namely moving bed gasification, fluidized bed gasification, entrained flow gasification and molten bed gasification. Among them, entrained-flow bed gasification has become the main development direction of coal gasification technology due to its advantages of high gasification intensity, large single-furnace production capacity, wide coal application range, high carbon conversion rate, etc. In the prior art, the wall of a fluidized bed gasification furnace is mainly divided into two forms, one is a refractory brick, and the other is a water-cooled wall. The water-cooled wall replaces refractory bricks to serve as the lining of the gasification chamber of the water-cooled wall gasification furnace, so that the problem that the refractory bricks are frequently replaced in the refractory brick gasification furnace is solved, the maintenance cost and the maintenance difficulty are reduced, meanwhile, working media in the water-cooled wall recycle heat generated by gasification reaction in the gasification furnace, medium-pressure steam at the outlet of the water-cooled wall can be used for heat supply, and can also serve as a gasification agent in the gasification reaction or steam for subsequent chemical product production, so that the water-cooled wall gasification furnace is widely applied to the market.
However, the water-cooled wall gasifier using the natural circulation cooling water-cooled wall in the prior art has a plurality of problems in the using process. In the operation process of the gasification furnace, high-temperature synthesis gas in the gasification furnace carries unburnt coal dust to scour and impact the top water-cooled wall, and then the synthesis gas is close to the wall surface of the top water-cooled wall and turns downwards, and a high-temperature reflux area is formed at the upper part of the gasification furnace, so that the top water-cooled wall of the gasification furnace bears huge heat load and is easy to overheat and burn. And the water-cooled wall of the middle-lower cylindrical section does not have the process of turning after the high-temperature synthesis gas carries solid particles to scour and impact, so that the heat load is relatively low and the water-cooled wall is not easy to burn. Once the top water-cooled wall is burnt out due to overheating, the gasification furnace can be stopped, production is influenced, and huge economic loss is caused. Meanwhile, the water wall of the natural circulation water wall gasification furnace in the prior art is formed in an integrated mode, so that the construction difficulty is high, the maintenance quality is difficult to guarantee, and once burning loss and leakage occur, huge safety problems and huge production stopping loss are generated.
In conclusion, the water-cooled wall of the top circular platform section of the natural circulation water-cooled wall gasification furnace in the prior art is easy to burn, and has high maintenance difficulty after burning, and the maintenance quality can not be ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the water-cooled wall of the top circular platform section of the natural circulation water-cooled wall gasification furnace is easy to burn out, the maintenance difficulty is high after burning out, and the maintenance quality cannot be guaranteed in the prior art, and further provides a natural circulation and forced circulation water-cooled wall gasification furnace for sublevel mining and a cooling method.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a water-cooled wall gasifier with natural circulation and forced circulation for sublevel mining comprises a gasifier body, wherein the gasifier body comprises a circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1, a cylindrical section water-cooled wall 5, an upper header 6 and a lower header 8, and the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1, the upper header 6, the cylindrical section water-cooled wall 5 and the lower header 8 are coaxially arranged in sequence from top to bottom along the vertical direction;
the circular platform section water-cooled wall 1 is positioned at the top of the gasification furnace, the circular platform section water-cooled wall 1 is integrally of a hollow circular platform-shaped structure with an opening at the lower end, the circular platform section water-cooled wall 1 is an independent coil pipe type water-cooled wall, the cylindrical section water-cooled wall 5 is positioned at the lower part of the gasification furnace, the cylindrical section water-cooled wall 5 is integrally of a hollow cylindrical structure with openings at two ends, the cylindrical section water-cooled wall 5 is an independent vertical tube array type water-cooled wall, the upper header 6 and the lower header 8 are both of circular ring tubular structures, the top ends of vertical tubes of the cylindrical section water-cooled wall 5 are connected with an inlet of the upper header 6, and the bottom ends of vertical tubes of the cylindrical section water-cooled wall 5 are connected with an outlet of the lower header 8;
the water-cooled wall gasifier device also comprises a steam drum 2, a forced circulation downcomer 3, a circulating water pump 4, a natural circulation downcomer 7 and a plurality of pulverized coal burners 9; the top end of the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1 is provided with a circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall water return port b, the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall water return port b is communicated with the lower part of the steam drum 2 through a forced circulation downcomer 3, the upper part of the steam drum 2 is provided with a steam drum water supply pipe a, the bottom end of the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1 is provided with a circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall water inlet c, the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall water inlet c is connected with a water outlet of a circulating water pump 4 through the forced circulation downcomer 3, and a water inlet of the circulating water pump 4 is communicated with the lower part of the steam drum 2 through the forced circulation downcomer 3; the outlet of the upper header 6 is communicated with the steam drum 2 through a natural circulation downcomer 7, and the inlet of the lower header 8 is communicated with the lower part of the steam drum 2; the plurality of pulverized coal burners 9 are uniformly arranged and installed on the middle upper part of the cylindrical section water wall 5 along the circumferential direction.
Further, the height of the water-cooled wall 1 of the circular truncated cone section is h 1 Height h of water wall 5 of cylindrical section 2 Satisfy h 2 >h 1 And h is 2 ＝(5～20)h 1 。
Further, the length L of the generatrix of the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1 meets the condition that L = (1.15-3) h 1 。
Further, the number of the steam drums 2 is one or two, and when the number of the steam drums 2 is one, the cylindrical section water-cooled wall 5 and the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1 are connected with the same steam drum 2; when the number of the steam drums 2 is two, the cylindrical section water-cooled wall 5 and the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1 are respectively connected with the corresponding independent steam drums 2.
Further, the circular truncated cone section water-cooling wall 1 is formed by winding a single pipe, a double pipe or a plurality of pipes.
Furthermore, the number of the pulverized coal burners 9 is four, the four pulverized coal burners 9 are uniformly arranged and installed on the middle upper portion of the cylindrical section water-cooled wall 5 along the circumferential direction, and the axes of the four pulverized coal burners 9 are located on the same horizontal plane.
A cooling method of a water wall gasification furnace separately adopting a natural circulation and a forced circulation according to any one of the first to sixth embodiments is implemented by the following steps,
step one, a forced circulation process of the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1:
cooling water in the steam pocket 2 is introduced into a circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall water inlet c of the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1 through a forced circulation downcomer 3 under the action of a circulating water pump 4, absorbs heat through the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1, and then enters the steam pocket 2 from a circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall water return port b through the forced circulation downcomer 3;
step two, the natural circulation process of the cylindrical section water-cooled wall 5:
cooling water in the steam pocket 2 is introduced into the lower header 8 through the natural circulation downcomer 7, the cooling water entering the lower header 8 is introduced from an outlet of the lower header 8, absorbs heat through the cylindrical section water-cooled wall 5 and then enters the upper header 6, and the cooling water entering the upper header 6 is introduced from an outlet of the upper header 6 and enters the steam pocket 2 through the natural circulation downcomer 7;
step three, the generation process of the high-temperature synthesis gas:
after being sprayed out from four coal powder burners 9 positioned at the upper part of the gasification furnace, coal powder and a gasification agent are violently mixed in a hearth of the gasification furnace to generate strong combustion and gasification reaction to generate high-temperature synthetic gas, after four strands of high-temperature synthetic gas collide with each other in the central area of the hearth of the gasification furnace, one part of the gas flow deflects and impacts the top of the gasification furnace, unburned coal powder is carried in the high-temperature synthetic gas flow, the unburned coal powder is attached to the wall surface of a water-cooled wall 1 of a circular table section at the top of the gasification furnace and then deflects and downwards, and the other part of the high-temperature synthetic gas deflects and downwards enters the middle lower part of the hearth.
Furthermore, the temperature of the cooling water introduced into the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1 and the cylindrical section water-cooled wall 5 in the first step and the second step is 120-140 ℃, the flow velocity of the working medium in the cylindrical section water-cooled wall 5 is 0.1-0.3 m/s, and the flow velocity of the working medium in the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall is 0.5-2 m/s.
Further, the temperature rise of the water inlet and return working medium of the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1 adopting forced circulation in the step one is controlled to be 8-12 ℃, and when the temperature rise of the water inlet and return working medium of the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1 is lower than 8 ℃, the output of the circulating water pump 4 is reduced, and the flow velocity of the forced circulation working medium is reduced; when the temperature of the water inlet and return working media of the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1 rises to 12 ℃, the output of the circulating water pump 4 is increased, and the flow velocity of the forced circulating working media is increased.
Further, the components in the high-temperature synthesis gas in the third step comprise CO and H 2 And CO 2 And in the third step, 40% of gas flow in the high-temperature synthetic gas deflects and impacts the top of the gasification furnace, and 60% of high-temperature synthetic gas in the high-temperature synthetic gas deflects and downwards enters the middle lower part of the hearth.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following effects:
1. the invention separately adopts the forced circulation water-cooled wall with higher working medium flow velocity, larger convection heat transfer coefficient and stronger heat transfer effect at the top circular platform section of the gasification furnace, thereby solving the problem that the water-cooled wall at the top circular platform section of the natural circulation water-cooled wall gasification furnace is easy to burn in the prior art.
The heat exchange of the high-temperature synthesis gas passing through the water-cooled wall surface and the heat exchange of the working medium flowing in the water-cooled wall and the water-cooled wall pipe are both convective heat exchange processes, and the fundamental calculation formula of the convective heat exchange is as follows:
q＝h*(T w -T f )
wherein q is the exchange per unit area between a solid surface and a fluidHeat quantity of (2), called heat flux density; t is w 、T f The temperature of the solid surface and the fluid, respectively; h is called the convective heat transfer coefficient and represents the amount of heat transferred per unit time per unit area of solid surface when the temperature difference between the fluid and the solid surface is 1K. The size of h reflects the strength of the convective heat transfer, and the numerical value of the convective heat transfer coefficient h has close relation with the physical properties of the fluid, the shape and the position of the heat transfer surface, the flow velocity of the fluid and the like in the heat transfer process. The larger the flow velocity of the fluid near the surface of the object, the larger the convective heat transfer coefficient of the fluid, and the natural convective heat transfer coefficient of water is 200-1000W/(m) 2 K), the forced convection heat transfer coefficient of the water is 1000-15000W/(m) 2 K) the heat transfer coefficient of the gas by forced convection is 20-300W/(m) 2 ·K)。
The gasification furnace uses pure oxygen and a small amount of water vapor as a gasification agent, and the coal powder and the gasification agent are sprayed out from a burner positioned at the upper part of the gasification furnace and are violently mixed in a hearth of the gasification furnace to generate strong combustion and gasification reactions, the temperature is rapidly increased to generate CO and H 2 、CO 2 Isocompositional high temperature synthesis gas. A high-temperature area of more than 2000K is formed near the burner, the highest position can reach more than 2800K, four burners are arranged at the upper part of the gasification furnace, after four strands of high-temperature synthetic gas flow collide with each other in the central area of the hearth, about 40% of the gas flow deflects and impacts the top of the gasification furnace, the high-temperature synthetic gas flow bends downwards after impacting the top of the gasification furnace, a high-temperature backflow area with the temperature of 1800K-2100K is formed in the area of the top of the gasification furnace, unburned coal powder is carried in the high-temperature synthetic gas, solid particles carrying the unburned coal powder are impacted on the circular truncated cone section water-cooling wall at the top of the gasification furnace, the convective heat exchange coefficient of the circular truncated cone section water-cooling wall and the high-temperature synthetic gas flow is improved by 2-6 times compared with that of a cylindrical section water-cooling wall without the solid particle gas flow, and the heat provided for the top water-cooling wall at the unit area through convective heat transfer is also increased by 2-6 times compared with that of the cylindrical section water-cooling wall at the middle-lower part. The circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall receives a large amount of convection heat transfer from high-temperature synthesis gas carrying unburned coal powder, bears huge heat load, and is easy to burn if sufficient cooling cannot be realized.
The flow velocity of working medium in the natural circulation water-cooled wall adopted by the prior art is 0.1-0.3 m/s, and the convective heat transfer coefficient of the working medium and the water-cooled wall is 200-1000W/(m) 2 K), the flow speed of the working medium of the forced circulation water-cooling wall is 2-15 times of that of the natural circulation water-cooling wall, and the convective heat transfer coefficient of the forced circulation water-cooling wall is 5-30 times of that of the natural circulation water-cooling wall. If the working medium in the water-cooled wall of the circular truncated cone section adopts natural circulation cooling, the following problems are caused: (1) The working medium flow velocity in the natural circulation pipe is low, the convective heat transfer coefficient is small, the heat absorption capacity of the working medium in the water wall is insufficient, and the pipe wall of the water wall is not cooled sufficiently and is overheated and burnt. (2) Because the flow velocity of the working medium in the pipe is low, the average temperature of the working medium in the pipe is increased, and the average temperature rise of the working medium in the pipe can exceed 20 ℃. The average temperature of the working medium in the water wall tube rises, so that the temperature difference between the working medium and the wall surface of the water wall is small, the heat absorption capacity of the working medium in the water wall is further reduced, the circular truncated cone section water wall cannot be fully cooled, and the water wall is overheated and burnt. (3) The working medium in the natural circulation water wall tube continuously absorbs heat and flows upwards in the water wall, the temperature is gradually increased, the highest temperature of the highest part of the water wall tube reaches the highest temperature, the maximum temperature rise of the working medium in front of the outlet of the water wall can exceed 30 ℃, the temperature difference between the working medium and the tube wall is further reduced, the heat exchange quantity is less, the tube wall cannot be effectively cooled, and the top water wall is easily damaged by overheating. (4) Because the temperature rise of the working medium can exceed 30 ℃ at most, a layer of continuous steam film is easily formed in the water-cooled wall tube to separate the inner surface of the water-cooled wall from the working medium, so that the wall surface of the water-cooled wall cannot be cooled by liquid to cause heat transfer deterioration, and the water-cooled wall is insufficiently cooled to cause overheating and burning loss.
The top round platform section water-cooled wall is designed into an independent serpentine coil form and is cooled in a forced circulation mode. The flow velocity of working medium in the forced circulation water-cooled wall is 0.5-2 m/s, and the forced convection heat transfer coefficient of water is 1000-15000W/(m) 2 K), the flow velocity of the working medium of the forced circulation water-cooling wall is 2-15 times of that of the natural circulation water-cooling wall, and the convective heat transfer coefficient of the forced circulation water-cooling wall is 5-30 times of that of the natural circulation water-cooling wall, so that if forced circulation cooling is adopted on the circular truncated cone section water-cooling wall, the following advantages are achieved: (1) Working fluid in forced circulation pipeThe circular truncated cone section water-cooling wall cooling device has the advantages of high speed, large convective heat transfer coefficient, larger heat absorption capacity and stronger cooling capacity to the water-cooling wall surface, and can realize effective cooling of the circular truncated cone section water-cooling wall. (2) The forced circulation can be adopted to control the flow velocity of the working medium by adjusting the circulating water pump, the average temperature rise of the working medium in the water wall is controlled to be 5-6 ℃, the temperature difference between the working medium and the wall of the water wall is small, the heat absorption capacity is further increased, and the cooling effect is better. (3) The working medium in the water wall pipe continuously absorbs heat and flows upwards in the water wall, the temperature is gradually increased, the highest temperature of the water wall pipe reaches the highest, but the flow speed of the working medium in the forced circulation water wall is high, the maximum temperature rise of the working medium in the pipe can be controlled to be not more than 12 ℃, the temperature difference between the working medium in the pipe and the pipe wall is large, the highest temperature of the working medium on the water wall at the top can also have sufficient heat absorption capacity, and the full cooling of the water wall is realized. (4) When the temperature rise of the water inlet working medium and the water return working medium of the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1 is lower than 8 ℃, the output of the circulating water pump 4 is reduced, the flow velocity of the forced circulating working medium is reduced, and higher economic benefit is pursued. When the temperature of the water inlet and return working media of the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1 rises to 12 ℃, the output of the circulating water pump 4 is increased, the flow velocity of the forced circulating working media is increased, the temperature rise of the water inlet and return working media is reduced, and the heat exchange deterioration caused by the heat absorption saturation vaporization of the working media can be effectively prevented.
2. According to the invention, the water-cooled wall at the top of the gasification furnace and the water-cooled walls at the middle and lower cylindrical sections are separately installed, so that the problems that in the prior art, the water-cooled wall at the top circular platform section of the gasification furnace with the water-cooled wall is difficult to maintain after being burnt and the maintenance quality cannot be ensured are solved.
The water-cooled wall gasifier of prior art, no matter natural circulation water-cooled wall or forced circulation water-cooled wall, the water-cooled wall is the integral type structure, if top round platform section water-cooled wall scaling loss, need cut and welding operation in the stove after blowing out, round platform section water-cooled wall is because the position is located the furnace roof, and there is the angle of an slope, the construction degree of difficulty of cutting and welding operation is very high in the stove, the quality is difficult to guarantee, airtight problem appears easily in the welding department, there is the potential safety hazard, if the booster appears in the gasifier operation process and leaks, will lead to huge safety problem and economic loss.
The water-cooled wall of the gasification furnace separately adopts natural circulation and forced circulation, the water-cooled wall of the circular truncated cone section at the top of the gasification furnace adopts forced circulation cooling, the water-cooled wall of the cylindrical section at the middle lower part adopts natural circulation cooling, and the two water-cooled walls are separately installed. If the round platform section water-cooling wall at the top of the gasification furnace is burnt, the round platform section water-cooling wall can be directly hoisted and replaced, the damaged water-cooling wall is sent back to a manufacturer for replacement, the quality of the round platform section water-cooling wall is ensured, and the maintenance difficulty is greatly reduced. And the pipe diameter of forced circulation water-cooling wall is little, and the pipe wall is thin, has reduced the steel use amount of top coil pipe part, has reduced the weight of top round platform section water wall pipe simultaneously, and hoist and mount when convenient the maintenance are changed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a water-cooled wall gasifier of the present invention, which separately employs natural circulation and forced circulation;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the frustrum section waterwall 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the frustrum section waterwall 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the flow of the reactant gas streams within the gasifier of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a truncated cone section water-cooled wall; 2-steam drum; 3-forced circulation downcomer; 4-circulating water pump; 5-water-cooled wall of cylindrical section; 6-upper header; 7-natural circulation downcomer; 8-lower header; 9-pulverized coal burner; a-a steam pocket water supply pipe; b, a circular truncated cone section water cooling wall water return port; c-a water inlet of the water cooling wall of the circular truncated cone section.
Detailed Description
The first specific implementation way is as follows: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, and the water-cooled wall gasifier device of the embodiment includes a gasifier body, the gasifier body includes a truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1, a cylindrical section water-cooled wall 5, an upper header 6 and a lower header 8, the truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1, the upper header 6, the cylindrical section water-cooled wall 5 and the lower header 8 are coaxially arranged in sequence from top to bottom along a vertical direction;
the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1 is positioned at the top of the gasification furnace, the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1 is of a hollow circular truncated cone-shaped structure with an open lower end, the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1 is of an independent coil pipe type water-cooled wall, the cylindrical section water-cooled wall 5 is positioned at the lower part of the gasification furnace, the cylindrical section water-cooled wall 5 is of a hollow cylindrical structure with two open ends, the cylindrical section water-cooled wall 5 is of an independent vertical tube array type water-cooled wall, the upper header 6 and the lower header 8 are both of circular ring-shaped tubular structures, the top ends of vertical tubes of the cylindrical section water-cooled wall 5 are connected with the inlet of the upper header 6, and the bottom ends of vertical tubes of the cylindrical section water-cooled wall 5 are connected with the outlet of the lower header 8;
the water-cooled wall gasifier device also comprises a steam drum 2, a forced circulation downcomer 3, a circulating water pump 4, a natural circulation downcomer 7 and a plurality of pulverized coal burners 9; the top end of the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1 is provided with a circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall water return port b, the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall water return port b is communicated with the lower part of the steam drum 2 through a forced circulation downcomer 3, the upper part of the steam drum 2 is provided with a steam drum water supply pipe a, the bottom end of the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1 is provided with a circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall water inlet c, the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall water inlet c is connected with a water outlet of a circulating water pump 4 through the forced circulation downcomer 3, and a water inlet of the circulating water pump 4 is communicated with the lower part of the steam drum 2 through the forced circulation downcomer 3; the outlet of the upper header 6 is communicated with the steam drum 2 through a natural circulation downcomer 7, and the inlet of the lower header 8 is communicated with the lower part of the steam drum 2; the plurality of pulverized coal burners 9 are uniformly arranged and installed on the middle upper part of the cylindrical section water wall 5 along the circumferential direction.
In the embodiment, the circular truncated cone section water-cooling wall 1 is in a coil pipe form, the whole circular truncated cone section water-cooling wall is in a circular truncated cone shape, the water-cooling wall is cooled by forced circulation, a water inlet of the circular truncated cone section water-cooling wall 1 is formed in the bottom of a circular truncated cone coil pipe, a water return port is formed in the top of the circular truncated cone coil pipe, and the water inlet and the water return port are led out to the outer side of the coil pipe. The cylindrical section water-cooled wall 5 adopts a vertical tube array form, and the water-cooled wall is cooled by natural circulation. The two sets of water-cooled walls are manufactured and installed separately.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, and the truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1 of the present embodiment has a height h 1 Height h of water wall 5 of cylindrical section 2 Satisfy h 2 >h 1 And h is 2 ＝(5～20)h 1 . Other components and connections are the same as in the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, and the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1 of the present embodiment has a generating line length L satisfying L = (1.15 to 3) h 1 . OthersThe composition and the connection relation are the same as those of the first embodiment or the second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode is as follows: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, the number of the steam drums 2 in the embodiment is one or two, and when the number of the steam drums 2 is one, the cylindrical section water-cooled wall 5 and the round platform section water-cooled wall 1 are connected with the same steam drum 2; when the number of the steam drums 2 is two, the cylindrical section water-cooled wall 5 and the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1 are respectively connected with the corresponding independent steam drums 2. By the arrangement, the cylindrical section water-cooled wall 5 and the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1 can be connected with the same steam drum 2 and can also be connected with the corresponding independent steam drum (5). Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as in the first, second or third embodiment.
The fifth concrete implementation mode is as follows: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, and the round platform section water-cooled wall 1 of the present embodiment is wound by a single tube, a double tube, or a plurality of tubes. According to the arrangement, the circular truncated cone section water-cooling wall 1 is formed by winding single tubes, but double tubes or other tubes can be selected according to the situation. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those in the first, second, third or fourth embodiment.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, the number of the pulverized coal burners 9 of the embodiment is four, the four pulverized coal burners 9 are uniformly arranged and installed in the middle upper part of the cylindrical section water wall 5 along the circumferential direction, and the axes of the four pulverized coal burners 9 are located on the same horizontal plane. So set up, buggy and gasification agent are from being located the spout of four buggy nozzles 9 on gasifier upper portion, through arranging four buggy nozzles 9 on same horizontal plane, can guarantee that four strands of high temperature synthetic gas that generate collide at furnace central zone. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as in the first, second, third, fourth or fifth embodiment.
The seventh embodiment: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 4, and a method for cooling a water wall gasifier separately using natural circulation and forced circulation according to any one of the first to sixth embodiments of the present embodiment is implemented by the following steps,
step one, a forced circulation process of the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1:
cooling water in the steam pocket 2 is introduced into a circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall water inlet c of the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1 through a forced circulation downcomer 3 under the action of a circulating water pump 4, absorbs heat through the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1, and then enters the steam pocket 2 from a circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall water return port b through the forced circulation downcomer 3;
step two, the natural circulation process of the cylindrical section water-cooled wall 5:
cooling water in the steam pocket 2 is introduced into a lower header 8 through a natural circulation downcomer 7, the cooling water entering the lower header 8 is introduced from an outlet of the lower header 8, absorbs heat through a cylindrical section water wall 5 and then enters an upper header 6, and the cooling water entering the upper header 6 is introduced from an outlet of the upper header 6 and enters the steam pocket 2 through the natural circulation downcomer 7;
step three, the generation process of the high-temperature synthesis gas:
after being sprayed out from four coal powder burners 9 positioned at the upper part of the gasification furnace, coal powder and a gasification agent are violently mixed in a hearth of the gasification furnace to generate strong combustion and gasification reaction to generate high-temperature synthetic gas, after four strands of high-temperature synthetic gas flow collide with each other in the central area of the hearth of the gasification furnace, one part of the gas flow deflects and impacts the top of the gasification furnace, unburned coal powder is carried in the high-temperature synthetic gas flow, the unburned coal powder impacts the top of the gasification furnace and then bends downwards close to the wall surface of a water-cooled wall 1 of a circular table section at the top, and the other part of the high-temperature synthetic gas deflects and downwards enters the middle lower part of the hearth. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as in the first, second, third, fourth, fifth or sixth embodiment.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 4, the temperature of the cooling water introduced into the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1 and the cylindrical section water-cooled wall 5 in the first step and the second step of the embodiment is 120 to 140 ℃, the flow rate of the working medium in the cylindrical section water-cooled wall 5 is 0.1 to 0.3m/s, and the flow rate of the working medium in the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall is 0.5 to 2m/s. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those of embodiment one, two, three, four, five, six or seven.
The specific implementation method nine: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 4, in the first step of the embodiment, the temperature rise of the water inlet and return working medium of the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1 adopting forced circulation is controlled to be 8-12 ℃, and when the temperature rise of the water inlet and return working medium of the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1 is lower than 8 ℃, the output of the circulating water pump 4 is reduced, and the flow rate of the forced circulation working medium is reduced; when the temperature of the water inlet and return working media of the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1 rises to 12 ℃, the output of the circulating water pump 4 is increased, and the flow velocity of the forced circulating working media is increased. By the arrangement, when the temperature rise of the water inlet and return working media of the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1 is lower than 8 ℃, the output of the circulating water pump 4 is reduced, the flow velocity of the forced circulating working media is reduced, and higher economic benefit is pursued. When the temperature of the water working medium entering and returning the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall 1 rises to 12 ℃, the output of the circulating water pump 4 is increased, the flow velocity of the forced circulating working medium is increased, and the heat exchange deterioration caused by the heat absorption and saturation vaporization of the working medium is prevented, so that the operation safety of equipment is influenced. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those in the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh or eighth embodiment. ,
the detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 4, and the components in the high-temperature synthesis gas in step three of the present embodiment include CO and H 2 And CO 2 And in the third step, 40% of gas flow in the high-temperature synthetic gas deflects and impacts the top of the gasification furnace, and 60% of high-temperature synthetic gas in the high-temperature synthetic gas deflects and downwards enters the middle lower part of the hearth. Other compositions and connections are the same as those of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth or ninth embodiment.
Example (b): before the natural circulation and forced circulation water-cooled wall gasifier and the cooling method are adopted, three times of pipe explosion leakage accidents occur in two years, more than 2 leakage points exist, the accident positions occur on the water-cooled wall of the top round platform section, and the gasifier is stopped and overhauled for 2 months each time on average, so that huge economic loss is generated. After the water-cooled wall gasifier and the cooling method which separately adopt natural circulation and forced circulation are applied, the top water-cooled wall does not burn after running for 4 years, and compared with the prior other technologies, the invention can reduce various economic losses by 8000 ten thousand yuan.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any person skilled in the art can make many modifications and equivalent variations by using the above-described structures and technical contents without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A water-cooled wall gasifier with natural circulation and forced circulation for sublevel mining comprises a gasifier body, wherein the gasifier body comprises a circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall (1), a cylindrical section water-cooled wall (5), an upper header (6) and a lower header (8), and the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall (1), the upper header (6), the cylindrical section water-cooled wall (5) and the lower header (8) are sequentially and coaxially arranged from top to bottom along a vertical direction;
the method is characterized in that: the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall (1) is positioned at the top of the gasification furnace, the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall (1) is integrally of a hollow circular truncated cone-shaped structure with an opening at the lower end, the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall (1) is an independent coil pipe type water-cooled wall, the cylindrical section water-cooled wall (5) is positioned at the lower part of the gasification furnace, the cylindrical section water-cooled wall (5) is integrally of a hollow cylindrical structure with openings at two ends, the cylindrical section water-cooled wall (5) is an independent vertical tube array type water-cooled wall, the upper header (6) and the lower header (8) are both of circular ring-shaped tubular structures, the top ends of vertical tubes of the cylindrical section water-cooled wall (5) are connected with an inlet of the upper header (6), and the bottom end of the vertical tubes of the cylindrical section water-cooled wall (5) is connected with an outlet of the lower header (8);
the water-cooled wall gasifier device also comprises a steam drum (2), a forced circulation downcomer (3), a circulating water pump (4), a natural circulation downcomer (7) and a plurality of pulverized coal burners (9); the top end of the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall (1) is provided with a circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall water return port (b), the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall water return port (b) is communicated with the lower part of the steam drum (2) through a forced circulation downcomer (3), the upper part of the steam drum (2) is provided with a steam drum water supply pipe (a), the bottom end of the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall (1) is provided with a circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall water inlet (c), the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall water inlet (c) is connected with a water outlet of a circulating water pump (4) through the forced circulation downcomer (3), and the water inlet of the circulating water pump (4) is communicated with the lower part of the steam drum (2) through the forced circulation downcomer (3); the outlet of the upper header (6) is communicated with the steam drum (2) through a natural circulation downcomer (7), and the inlet of the lower header (8) is communicated with the lower part of the steam drum (2); a plurality of pulverized coal burners (9) are uniformly arranged and installed on the middle upper part of the cylindrical section water wall (5) along the circumferential direction;
the temperature of cooling water introduced into the circular truncated cone section water-cooling wall (1) and the cylindrical section water-cooling wall (5) is 120 to 140 ℃, the flow rate of a working medium in the cylindrical section water-cooling wall (5) is 0.1 to 0.3m/s, and the flow rate of the working medium in the circular truncated cone section water-cooling wall is 0.5 to 2m/s; the temperature rise of water inlet and return working media of the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall (1) adopting forced circulation is controlled to be 8-12 ℃, and when the temperature rise of the water inlet and return working media of the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall (1) is lower than 8 ℃, the output of a circulating water pump (4) is reduced, and the flow velocity of the forced circulation working media is reduced; when the temperature of the water inlet and return working media of the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall (1) rises to 12 ℃, the output of the circulating water pump (4) is increased, and the flow rate of the forced circulating working media is increased.
2. The water-cooled wall gasifier with natural circulation and forced circulation for sublevel mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: the height of the water cooled wall (1) of the circular platform section is h 1 Height h of water wall (5) of cylindrical section 2 Satisfy h 2 > h 1 And h is 2 =（5~20）h 1 。
3. The water-cooled wall gasifier with natural circulation and forced circulation for mining according to claim 2, wherein: the length L of a bus of the water cooled wall (1) of the circular platform section meets the condition that L = (1.15 to 3) h 1 。
4. The water-cooled wall gasifier with natural circulation and forced circulation for mining according to claim 3, wherein: the number of the steam drums (2) is one or two, and when the number of the steam drums (2) is one, the cylindrical section water-cooled wall (5) and the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall (1) are connected with the same steam drum (2); when the number of the steam drums (2) is two, the cylindrical section water-cooled wall (5) and the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall (1) are respectively connected with the corresponding independent steam drums (2).
5. The water-cooled wall gasifier with natural circulation and forced circulation for sublevel mining according to claim 4, characterized in that: the circular platform section water-cooled wall (1) is formed by winding a single pipe, a double pipe or a plurality of pipes.
6. The water-cooled wall gasifier with natural circulation and forced circulation for sublevel mining according to claim 5, characterized in that: the number of the pulverized coal burners (9) is four, the pulverized coal burners (9) are uniformly arranged and installed on the middle upper portion of the cylindrical section water-cooled wall (5) along the circumferential direction, and the axes of the four pulverized coal burners (9) are located on the same horizontal plane.
7. A cooling method of a water wall gasification furnace separately adopting natural circulation and forced circulation according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the water-cooled wall gasifier comprises a gasifier body, wherein the gasifier body comprises a circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall (1), a cylindrical section water-cooled wall (5), an upper header (6) and a lower header (8), and the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall (1), the upper header (6), the cylindrical section water-cooled wall (5) and the lower header (8) are coaxially arranged from top to bottom in sequence along the vertical direction; the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall (1) is positioned at the top of the gasification furnace, the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall (1) is an independent coil pipe type water-cooled wall, the cylindrical section water-cooled wall (5) is positioned at the lower part of the gasification furnace, and the cylindrical section water-cooled wall (5) is an independent vertical tube array type water-cooled wall;
the method for the water-cooled wall gasification furnace separately adopting natural circulation and forced circulation is realized by the following steps,
step one, a forced circulation process of the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall (1):
cooling water in the steam pocket (2) is introduced into a water inlet (c) of the circular truncated cone section water-cooling wall (1) through a forced circulation downcomer (3) under the action of a circulating water pump (4), absorbs heat through the circular truncated cone section water-cooling wall (1), and then enters the steam pocket (2) from a water return port (b) of the circular truncated cone section water-cooling wall through the forced circulation downcomer (3);
step two, the natural circulation process of the cylindrical section water-cooled wall (5):
cooling water in the steam pocket (2) is introduced into the lower header (8) through the natural circulation downcomer (7), cooling water entering the lower header (8) is introduced from an outlet of the lower header (8), absorbs heat through the cylindrical section water-cooled wall (5) and enters the upper header (6), cooling water entering the upper header (6) is introduced from an outlet of the upper header (6) and enters the steam pocket (2) through the natural circulation downcomer (7);
step three, the generation process of the high-temperature synthesis gas:
coal powder and a gasifying agent are sprayed out from four coal powder burners (9) positioned at the upper part of the gasification furnace, and then are violently mixed in a hearth of the gasification furnace, so that strong combustion and gasification reaction are generated, high-temperature synthetic gas is generated, after four strands of high-temperature synthetic gas collide with each other in the central area of the hearth of the gasification furnace, one part of the gas flow deflects and impacts the top of the gasification furnace, unburned coal powder is carried in the high-temperature synthetic gas flow, the coal powder impacts the top of the gasification furnace and then is close to the wall surface of a water-cooled wall (1) of a circular table section at the top, and the other part of the high-temperature synthetic gas deflects and enters the middle-lower part of the hearth;
wherein the temperature of cooling water introduced into the circular truncated cone section water-cooling wall (1) and the cylindrical section water-cooling wall (5) in the first step and the second step is 120 to 140 ℃, the flow rate of a working medium in the cylindrical section water-cooling wall (5) is 0.1 to 0.3m/s, and the flow rate of the working medium in the circular truncated cone section water-cooling wall is 0.5 to 2m/s;
wherein, the temperature rise of the backwater working medium of the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall (1) adopting forced circulation in the step one is controlled to be 8 to 12 ℃, and when the temperature rise of the backwater working medium of the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall (1) is lower than 8 ℃, the output of a circulating water pump (4) is reduced, and the flow velocity of the forced circulation working medium is reduced; when the temperature of the water inlet working medium and the temperature of the water return working medium of the circular truncated cone section water-cooled wall (1) are increased to 12 ℃, the output of the circulating water pump (4) is increased, and the flow speed of the forced circulating working medium is increased.
8. The water wall gasifier method with natural circulation and forced circulation for sublevel mining according to claim 7, characterized in that: the components in the high-temperature synthesis gas in the third step comprise CO and H 2 And CO 2 Step threeAnd 40% of gas flow in the high-temperature synthetic gas is deflected and rushes to the top of the gasification furnace, and 60% of high-temperature synthetic gas in the high-temperature synthetic gas is deflected and downwards enters the middle lower part of the hearth.
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