CN114393257B - Cutter for machining straight bevel gear - Google Patents
Cutter for machining straight bevel gear Download PDFInfo
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- CN114393257B CN114393257B CN202210238864.1A CN202210238864A CN114393257B CN 114393257 B CN114393257 B CN 114393257B CN 202210238864 A CN202210238864 A CN 202210238864A CN 114393257 B CN114393257 B CN 114393257B
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- cutter
- tooth
- bevel gear
- gear
- straight bevel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F21/00—Tools specially adapted for use in machines for manufacturing gear teeth
- B23F21/12—Milling tools
- B23F21/16—Hobs
- B23F21/18—Taper hobs, e.g. for bevel gears
- B23F21/183—Taper hobs, e.g. for bevel gears with inserted cutting elements
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Abstract
The invention belongs to a cutter for machining a straight bevel gear, and belongs to the technical field of gear machining equipment. The cutter is used for hobbing; the shape of the cutter body is the same as that of a mating gear of the gear to be processed; more than four cutter teeth are uniformly distributed on each straight tooth, and a tooth groove is formed between every two adjacent cutter teeth along the direction of the cutter tooth width B; the tooth top of each cutter tooth is provided with a top blade and a side blade which are connected in sequence; a chip groove is formed between adjacent straight teeth; the tooth width B of the cutter is larger than that of the processed straight bevel gear; the cross section of the cutter tooth is trapezoidal or rectangular; the cutter is used for the semi-finishing of the soft tooth surface of the straight bevel gear, the finishing and processing of a workpiece and the burr removal. The cutter can realize continuous generating machining of the straight bevel gear on a common gear hobbing machine without using a special bevel gear machining machine tool; the problem that intermittent indexing is needed in traditional gear milling and gear shaping processing is solved, the production efficiency and the quality stability of a processed product are greatly improved, and the production cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gear machining equipment, and particularly relates to a cutter for machining a straight bevel gear.
Background
Gear transmission is one of the most common mechanical transmissions in modern machines. The bevel gear is used for transmission with intersecting axes, and the intersecting angles of the axes can form any angle. It has the characteristics of strong bearing capacity, stable transmission, low noise and the like. Because the tooth form of the straight bevel gear is relatively simple, the straight bevel gear is easy to design, manufacture and install, and the production cost is low, the straight bevel gear is widely applied under the condition of no special transmission requirement.
At present, the common machining methods for straight bevel gears in China are the traditional machining methods such as a gear milling method, a gear planing method, a gear broaching method and the like. The gear milling method is to utilize a milling cutter to perform indexing one by one according to the number of teeth of a processed gear on a milling machine, and when the gear milling method is used for processing the straight bevel gear, the straight bevel gear needs to go back and forth at least three times in the tooth length direction to complete the processing of one tooth. The gear shaping method requires two gear shaping cutters to be simultaneously mounted on a special machine tool, and after one tooth is machined by the cutters, subsequent teeth are machined by indexing one by one.
The machine tool used by the processing modes adopts a mechanical transmission chain, so that the transmission precision is low and the adjustment is difficult. And the processing method is intermittent indexing, the production efficiency is low, and the processing precision is not high enough. The used cutters have fewer cutter teeth participating in cutting, the abrasion is fast, the cutter changing and regrinding are frequent, and the service life is short. The processed straight bevel gears have poor size consistency, so that the quality of products is unstable, the method is not suitable for efficient and stable batch production of the straight bevel gears, and the application and development of the straight bevel gears are greatly limited. At present, a straight bevel gear does not adopt a continuous generating machining mode.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cutter for machining a straight bevel gear, aiming at realizing high-efficiency and continuous generating machining of the straight bevel gear.
A cutter for processing straight bevel gears is a cutter for hobbing; the shape of the cutter body 1 is the same as that of a processed straight bevel gear; more than four cutter teeth 2 are uniformly distributed on each straight tooth, and a tooth groove 3 is formed between every two adjacent cutter teeth 2 along the direction of the cutter tooth width B; the tooth top of each cutter tooth 2 is provided with a top blade 5 and a side blade 6 which are connected in sequence; a chip flute 4 is arranged between adjacent straight teeth;
the tooth width B of the cutter is larger than that of the processed straight bevel gear;
the cross section of the cutter tooth 2 is trapezoidal or rectangular;
the tooth space 3 is distributed along an axial conical thread line, and the pitch d of the conical thread line is the sum of the tooth space width a at the top of the tooth space 3 and the tooth width c of the cutter tooth 2;
the cutter is used for the semi-finishing of the soft tooth surface of the straight bevel gear, the finishing and processing of a workpiece and the burr removal.
The tooth width B of the cutter is 1.1-1.3 times of the tooth width of the processed straight bevel gear.
An included angle z between the cross section of the tooth groove 3 and the end face of the axial large end of the cutter is 5-15 degrees; the tooth space width a at the top of the tooth space 3 is 2% -10% of the tooth width B of the cutter.
The top edge back angle m of the top edge 5 is 10-12 degrees, and the side edge back angle n of the side edge 6 is larger than 3 degrees.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the invention are embodied in the following aspects:
1. the tool is mainly used for performing soft tooth surface semi-finishing, workpiece finishing, burr removal and the like on straight bevel gears. The main body model of the cutter is that the annular surface of the other straight bevel gear which is matched with the straight bevel gear to be processed is fully distributed with cutter teeth, wherein the cutter teeth are distributed along a tapered thread line, the middle part of the cutter body is provided with a shaft hole, and the cutter body is provided with a chip containing groove. Compared with the prior art, the cutter can realize the continuous generating machining of the straight bevel gear on a common gear hobbing machine without using a special bevel gear machining machine tool, thereby greatly reducing the generating cost and the threshold of the straight bevel gear.
2. When the cutter is used for processing the straight bevel gear, the rotating speed of a main shaft of the cutter can reach 100-500rpm, and the cutting linear speed reaches 30-60m/min; when a coating cutter is adopted, the cutting speed can be increased by 30-50%, when hard alloy is adopted, the cutting linear speed can be increased by 4 times, and the workpiece precision can reach GB4-GB6. Compared with the prior art, the gear shaper is most commonly used at present, the processing speed is 98-500 strokes per minute, and the processing precision is GB6-GB9. Under the condition that the cutting width is consistent with the cutting thickness, the cutting efficiency of the cutter can reach more than 3 times of that of a common gear shaper. The problem that intermittent indexing is needed in traditional gear milling and gear planing processing is solved, production efficiency and quality stability of processed products are greatly improved, and the defects of an existing straight bevel gear processing tool and an existing straight bevel gear processing method are overcome.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the cutter of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the tool of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a bottom view of the tool of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a transverse perspective view of a single row of teeth of the tool of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the included angle between the end surface of the large end of the cutter and the section of the tooth groove.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the top edge of the cutter blade of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the tooth flank of the tool of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures are: the cutter comprises a cutter body 1, cutter teeth 2, a tooth groove 3, a chip groove 4, a cutter tooth top blade 5, a cutter tooth side blade 6, a shaft hole 7, a cutter tooth width B, a tooth groove width a, a cutter tooth width c, a thread pitch d, an included angle z, a top blade back angle m and a side blade back angle n.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The gear ratio of the pair of bevel gears is 20:21, the modulus of the big end is 1mm, the pressure angle is 20 degrees, the tooth width is 5mm, the coefficient of the tooth crest height is 1, and the coefficient of the tip clearance is 0.2. The embodiment provides a cutter for machining a large gear, which is used for soft tooth surface semi-finishing, workpiece finishing and burr removal of a straight bevel gear.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, according to design requirements: the shape of the cutter body 1 is the same as that of a pinion in the pair of the bevel gears, and the modulus, the pressure angle, the tooth number, the tooth crest coefficient and the tip clearance coefficient are all consistent with those of the pinion; each straight tooth is uniformly provided with 7 cutter teeth, and a tooth groove 3 is formed between every two adjacent cutter teeth 2 along the direction of the cutter tooth width B; the tooth top of each cutter tooth 2 is provided with a top blade 5 and a side blade 6 which are connected in sequence; and a chip groove 4 is formed between adjacent straight teeth.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, according to design requirements: the tooth width B of the cutter is 1.1 times of the tooth width of the original straight bevel gear and is 5.5mm. The cross section of the cutter tooth 2 is trapezoidal. The tooth grooves 3 are distributed along the axial conical thread line, wherein the thread pitch d is 0.7mm; an included angle z between the section of the tooth socket 3 and the end face of the axial big end of the cutter is 5 degrees, as shown in figure 5; the tooth space width a at the top of the tooth space 3 is 0.11mm which is 2 percent of the tooth width B of the cutter. The pitch d of the tapered thread is the sum of the flute width a and the cutting tooth width c of the cutting tooth 2, so that the cutting tooth width c of the cutting tooth 2 is 0.59mm.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, according to design requirements: the top edge relief angle m of the top edge 5 is 10 °, and the side edge relief angle n of the side edge 6 is 5 °.
Example 2
The gear ratio of the pair of bevel gears is 20:17, the modulus of the large end is 1mm, the pressure angle is 20 degrees, the tooth width is 4mm, the crest height coefficient is 1, and the crest clearance coefficient is 0.2. The embodiment provides a tool for processing a pinion, which is used for soft tooth surface semi-finishing, workpiece finishing and burr removal of a straight bevel gear.
According to the design requirements: the shape of the cutter body 1 is the same as that of a big gear in the pair of the bevel gears with the teeth, and the modulus, the pressure angle, the tooth number, the tooth crest height coefficient and the top clearance coefficient are all consistent with those of a small gear; each straight tooth is uniformly provided with 4 cutter teeth, and a tooth socket 3 is arranged between every two adjacent cutter teeth 2 along the direction of the cutter tooth width B; the tooth top of each cutter tooth 2 is provided with a top blade 5 and a side blade 6 which are connected in sequence; between adjacent straight teeth there are chip flutes 4.
According to design requirements: the tooth width B of the cutter is 1.3 times of the tooth width of the original straight bevel gear and is 5.2mm.
According to the design requirements: the cross section of the cutter tooth 2 is rectangular.
According to the design requirements: the tooth grooves 3 are distributed along the axial conical thread line, wherein the thread pitch d is 1.2mm; an included angle z between the section of the tooth groove 3 and the end face of the axial large end of the cutter is 15 degrees; the tooth space width a at the top of the tooth space 3 is 0.52mm which is 10 percent of the tooth width B of the cutter.
According to the design requirements: the pitch d of the tapered thread is the sum of the flute width a and the cutter tooth width c of the cutter tooth 2, so that the cutter tooth width c of the cutter tooth 2 is 0.68mm.
According to the design requirements: the top edge relief angle m of the top edge 5 is 12 °, and the side edge relief angle n of the side edge 6 is 3 °.
Claims (4)
1. A cutter for processing straight bevel gears is a cutter for gear hobbing, and is characterized in that: the shape of the cutter body (1) is the same as that of the other straight bevel gear matched with the processed straight bevel gear; more than four cutter teeth (2) are uniformly distributed on each straight tooth, and a tooth socket (3) is arranged at the interval between every two adjacent cutter teeth (2) along the tooth width (B) direction of the cutter; the tooth top of each cutter tooth (2) is provided with a top blade (5) and a side blade (6) which are connected in sequence; a chip groove (4) is arranged between the adjacent straight teeth;
the tooth width (B) of the cutter is larger than that of the processed straight bevel gear;
the cross section of the cutter tooth (2) is trapezoidal or rectangular;
the tooth socket (3) is distributed along an axial conical thread line, and the pitch (d) of the conical thread line is the sum of the tooth socket width (a) at the top of the tooth socket (3) and the tooth width (c) of the cutter tooth (2);
the cutter is used for the semi-finishing of the soft tooth surface of the straight bevel gear, the finishing and processing of a workpiece and the burr removal.
2. The tool according to claim 1, wherein: the tooth width (B) of the cutter is 1.1-1.3 times of the tooth width of the processed straight bevel gear.
3. The tool according to claim 1, wherein: an included angle (z) between the cross section of the tooth groove (3) and the end face of the axial large end of the cutter is 5-15 degrees; the tooth space width (a) of the top of the tooth space (3) is 2% -10% of the tooth width (B) of the cutter.
4. The tool according to claim 1, wherein: the top edge relief angle (m) of the top edge 5 is 10-12 degrees, and the side edge relief angle (n) of the side edge (6) is greater than 3 degrees.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2022100472187 | 2022-01-17 | ||
| CN202210047218 | 2022-01-17 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114393257A CN114393257A (en) | 2022-04-26 |
| CN114393257B true CN114393257B (en) | 2022-12-30 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210238864.1A Active CN114393257B (en) | 2022-01-17 | 2022-03-11 | Cutter for machining straight bevel gear |
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| CN (1) | CN114393257B (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB279166A (en) * | 1926-07-21 | 1927-10-21 | Walter Harry Wheatley | Improvements in and relating to milling cutters for helical or spiral and straight bevel gears |
| US2183285A (en) * | 1937-04-17 | 1939-12-12 | Gleason Works | Gear |
| CN101003098A (en) * | 2007-01-23 | 2007-07-25 | 北京科技大学 | Involute gear hob of asymmetric tooth profile with equal modulus |
| JP2010023130A (en) * | 2008-07-15 | 2010-02-04 | Nachi Fujikoshi Corp | Cutter and machining method for plunge cut shaving |
| CN104874869A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-09-02 | 谢博 | Spiral tapping mechanism for conical gear |
| CN104889503A (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2015-09-09 | 中国农业大学 | Semi-contour-evolution machining method for cycloidal-tooth bevel gear with big gear wheel formed based on die |
| CN107378141A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-11-24 | 天津大学 | Gear shaper without theoretical blade-shaped error pinion cutter |
-
2022
- 2022-03-11 CN CN202210238864.1A patent/CN114393257B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB279166A (en) * | 1926-07-21 | 1927-10-21 | Walter Harry Wheatley | Improvements in and relating to milling cutters for helical or spiral and straight bevel gears |
| US2183285A (en) * | 1937-04-17 | 1939-12-12 | Gleason Works | Gear |
| CN101003098A (en) * | 2007-01-23 | 2007-07-25 | 北京科技大学 | Involute gear hob of asymmetric tooth profile with equal modulus |
| JP2010023130A (en) * | 2008-07-15 | 2010-02-04 | Nachi Fujikoshi Corp | Cutter and machining method for plunge cut shaving |
| CN104874869A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-09-02 | 谢博 | Spiral tapping mechanism for conical gear |
| CN104889503A (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2015-09-09 | 中国农业大学 | Semi-contour-evolution machining method for cycloidal-tooth bevel gear with big gear wheel formed based on die |
| CN107378141A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-11-24 | 天津大学 | Gear shaper without theoretical blade-shaped error pinion cutter |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN114393257A (en) | 2022-04-26 |
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