CN114392632B - Nitrogen-protected organic waste gas condensation and recovery treatment method for degreasing process - Google Patents
Nitrogen-protected organic waste gas condensation and recovery treatment method for degreasing process Download PDFInfo
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- B01D53/002—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by condensation
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- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nitrogen-protected organic waste gas condensation and recovery processing method for a degreasing process, which comprises the steps of taking nitrogen generated by a nitrogen generator as a blowing gas and a carrier gas, carrying hot organic waste gas generated by a degreasing furnace in operation by the nitrogen under the action of a fan, cooling by a heat exchanger, then entering a condenser, condensing organic pollutants in the organic waste gas in the condenser, entering a collection tank for recycling, entering non-condensable matters into an absorption and desorption system by the fan and a first flow controller, completing the absorption of the non-condensable organic pollutants, using clean gas discharged after absorption as a cooling medium for carrying out primary cooling on the hot organic waste gas by the heat exchanger, discharging after the temperature of the gas rises, and/or using the gas as desorption gas for the desorption process of other adsorption tanks after being heated by a heating device, and carrying out the cyclic deep removal and the recycling of the organic pollutants by cooling by the heat exchanger and condensing by the condenser.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a nitrogen-protected condensation and recovery treatment method for organic waste gas in a degreasing process.
Background
In the general organic waste gas treatment process, considering factors such as explosion limit concentration of organic pollutants, a large treatment gas amount is needed to reduce the concentrations of the organic pollutants and oxygen, and the operations of adsorption enrichment, desorption, condensation and recovery of adsorbents such as activated carbon are generally performed to recycle the organic pollutants in the waste gas.
The patent specification with publication number CN 111617594A discloses a process for recycling organic waste gas by activated carbon adsorption and nitrogen desorption condensation, which comprises the following steps: organic waste gas enters an activated carbon adsorption tank through a filter for adsorption, and after the adsorption of the activated carbon adsorption tank is finished, the system enters a desorption stage; at the moment, the other activated carbon adsorption tank arranged in parallel carries out adsorption; condensing the desorbed organic waste gas through a condenser, feeding the obtained organic matter cooling liquid into a purification system, and introducing condensed air to cool the activated carbon adsorption tank after the cyclic adsorption is finished so as to facilitate the next cyclic use; and a plurality of activated carbon adsorption tanks which are arranged in parallel alternately perform the steps.
The patent specification with publication number CN 205412597U discloses an energy-saving organic waste gas condensing and recycling device, which comprises a shell provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, wherein the air inlet is provided with an air inlet door, the air outlet is provided with an air outlet door, a heating area, an adsorption area and a condensation area are sequentially arranged between the air inlet and the air outlet in the shell, an air duct with an air door is arranged between the adsorption area and the condensation area, the heating area is provided with a heater, the adsorption area is provided with an organic matter adsorbing material, and the condensation area is provided with a surface cooler; a desorption channel is arranged between the adsorption zone and the heating zone; a heat circulating channel is arranged between the condensing zone and the heating zone; the heat circulation channel and the desorption channel are both provided with heat exchangers, and the heat circulation channel is also provided with a fan.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a nitrogen-protected organic waste gas condensation and recovery treatment method for a degreasing process, which uses nitrogen as a blowing gas and a carrier gas, can blow gas in a system until the oxygen content is almost zero, takes the nitrogen as a main component in the operation process, can almost completely avoid the explosion risk of organic pollutants under the condition of almost no oxygen, improves the safety of the system, and can also obviously reduce the treatment gas amount.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a nitrogen-protected degreasing process organic waste gas condensation recovery processing method adopts a nitrogen-protected degreasing process organic waste gas condensation recovery processing system;
the nitrogen-protected degreasing process organic waste gas condensation recovery treatment system comprises a nitrogen generator, a degreasing furnace, a heat exchanger, a condenser, a fan, a first flow controller and an adsorption and desorption system which are sequentially connected;
a condensate outlet of the condenser is connected with a collecting tank;
the adsorption and desorption system comprises at least two adsorption tanks, and the first flow controller is in switchable communication with any one or more adsorption tanks;
for any adsorption tank, when the adsorption tank is communicated with the first flow controller, the gas outlet of the adsorption tank is communicated with the cooling medium inlet of the heat exchanger;
the cooling medium outlet of the heat exchanger is divided into two paths, wherein one path is communicated with the atmosphere through a valve, and the other path is switchably communicated with any one or more adsorption tanks which are adsorbed with non-condensable organic pollutants through a heating device;
a second bypass is arranged between the degreasing furnace and the heat exchanger;
for any adsorption tank, when the adsorption tank is communicated with the heating device, the gas outlet of the adsorption tank is communicated with the second bypass;
the nitrogen-protected degreasing process organic waste gas condensation recovery treatment method comprises the following steps: nitrogen generated by a nitrogen generator is used as blowing gas and carrier gas, under the action of a fan, hot organic waste gas generated by the operation of a degreasing furnace is carried by the nitrogen carrier gas and is cooled by a heat exchanger and then enters a condenser, organic pollutants in the organic waste gas in the condenser are condensed and enter a collection tank for recycling, non-condensable matters (possibly including some non-condensable organic pollutants) enter an absorption and desorption system through the fan and a first flow controller, the adsorption of the non-condensable organic pollutants is completed, clean gas discharged after being adsorbed by an adsorption tank is used as a cooling medium for primarily cooling the hot organic waste gas by the heat exchanger, the clean gas is discharged after the temperature of the clean gas is increased and/or is used as desorption gas for the desorption process of other adsorption tanks after being heated by a heating device, and gas with the organic pollutants generated by desorption is cooled by the heat exchanger again and condensed by the condenser for cyclic deep removal and recycling of the organic pollutants;
in the nitrogen-protected degreasing process organic waste gas condensation recovery treatment method, the hourly collection amount of waste gas is 6-20 times of the volume of a degreasing furnace.
The gas outlet of the adsorption tank communicated with the first flow controller flows out relatively cold clean gas which can be used as a cooling medium to cool the nitrogen carrying the hot organic waste gas in the heat exchanger. The cooling medium of the heat exchanger may be cooling water or the like in addition to the above-mentioned relatively cool clean gas.
When the relatively cold clean gas flowing out of the gas outlet of the adsorption tank communicated with the first flow controller is used as a cooling medium of the heat exchanger, the temperature of the clean gas rises after heat exchange with nitrogen carrying hot organic waste gas, and the clean gas can enter the adsorption tank which adsorbs noncondensable organic pollutants after being further heated by the heating device and is used for desorbing the organic pollutants adsorbed in the adsorption tank. The adsorption tank can be provided with heating components such as electric heating components and the like for desorption.
What the gas outlet of the adsorption tank that communicates with heating device flows is the hotter gas that contains the organic pollutant of noncondensation, gets into the colder clean gas of heat exchanger heatable, preheats for follow-up desorption, reduces heating device's operating pressure, and is further, can get into the condenser of transferring lower temperature and carry out the degree of depth condensation to can recycle the organic pollutant of noncondensation under former condensing temperature.
The invention uses nitrogen protection, almost has no oxygen, is not limited by the explosion concentration limit of organic pollutants, does not need to introduce large air quantity, has small air collection quantity in the treatment process, and has high removal and recovery efficiency of the organic pollutants, which can reach more than 99.5 percent.
In a preferred embodiment, in the nitrogen-protected condensation and recovery treatment method for organic waste gas from degreasing process, a first bypass connected with the degreasing furnace is arranged between the fan and the first flow controller, and a second flow controller is arranged on the first bypass, so that condensed organic waste gas can flow back to the degreasing furnace to be used as make-up gas, thereby reducing nitrogen consumption and reducing working cost of the nitrogen generator.
In a preferred embodiment, the nitrogen-protected organic waste gas condensation and recovery treatment method for the degreasing process has a degreasing furnace volume of 0.5-1.5 m 3 。
In a preferred embodiment, the nitrogen-protected degreasing process organic waste gas condensation and recovery treatment method is characterized in that a degreasing furnace is used in a PTFE film production workshop, the working temperature is 250 ℃, and the outlet temperature of a condenser is not higher than 40 ℃.
The concentration of organic pollutants in the waste gas generated by a degreasing furnace in a PTFE film production workshop is higher than 150g/m 3 The main component is hydrogenated heavy naphtha (CAS: 64742-48-9), also called isoparaffin, is C 11 H 24 The main isomer mixed alkane has average molecular weight of 156, saturated vapor pressure of 0.106kPa at 20 deg.c, vapor density/air density of 5.4 and explosion limit of 0.7-5.4%.
In a preferred embodiment, in the nitrogen-protected organic waste gas condensation and recovery treatment method for the degreasing process, the adsorbent in the adsorption tank is activated carbon, the adsorption working temperature is not higher than 40 ℃, and the desorption working temperature is not lower than 230 ℃. The invention uses nitrogen for protection, the activated carbon has no spontaneous combustion risk, the desorption working temperature of the adsorption tank can be higher, the desorption is more thorough, and the safety can be ensured.
In a preferred embodiment, the nitrogen-protected degreasing process organic waste gas condensation and recovery treatment method comprises that the nitrogen generator comprises at least two carbon molecular sieve nitrogen making devices which can be alternately used.
In a preferred embodiment, in the nitrogen-protected organic waste gas condensation and recovery processing method for the degreasing process, a filtering device is arranged between the condenser and the collecting tank and used for filtering particulate matters, so that the particulate matters and pure liquid organic matters are respectively collected.
In a preferred embodiment, the nitrogen-protected organic waste gas condensation and recovery treatment method for the degreasing process is characterized in that the heat exchanger is a finned tube heat exchanger.
In a preferred embodiment, the nitrogen-protected organic waste gas condensation and recovery treatment method for the degreasing process comprises a degreasing furnace provided with an oxygen detector and a temperature regulating valve. The oxygen detector can display the oxygen concentration in the degreasing furnace in real time, so that the nitrogen amount generated by the nitrogen generator can be adjusted according to the oxygen concentration, the lower or even 0 oxygen concentration of the whole system is ensured, the system safety is improved, and explosion is avoided. The temperature regulating valve can be opened when the temperature in the degreasing furnace is too high, so that the temperature is reduced.
In a preferred example, the nitrogen-protected organic waste gas condensation and recovery treatment system for the degreasing process is provided with a PLC control system capable of controlling the actions of all the components.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the main advantages that:
the nitrogen-protected degreasing process organic waste gas condensation recovery processing method provided by the invention uses nitrogen as a purge gas and a carrier gas, can purge the gas in the system to an oxygen content of almost zero, and uses nitrogen as a main component in the operation process, so that the explosion risk of organic pollutants can be almost completely avoided under the condition of almost no oxygen, the safety of the system is improved, and the processing gas amount can be remarkably reduced.
The nitrogen-protected degreasing process organic waste gas condensation recovery treatment system is reasonable and compact in structural layout, convenient to operate, manage and maintain, capable of saving power consumption and reducing operating cost, optimized in pipeline system design, and capable of paying attention to pipeline sealing and shock absorption, improving organic waste gas collection efficiency and ensuring that all volatile organic waste gases are discharged after reaching standards after being treated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a nitrogen-protected organic waste gas condensing and recycling system for degreasing process;
in the figure:
1-nitrogen generator 2-degreasing furnace 3-heat exchanger
4-condenser 5-fan 6-collecting tank
7-first flow controller 8-heating device 9-adsorption and desorption system
10-second flow controller.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The following examples are conducted under conditions not specified, usually according to conventional conditions, or according to conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
The nitrogen-protected degreasing process organic waste gas condensation and recovery processing method is applied to the degreasing waste gas treatment and the condensation and recovery of organic pollutants in a PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) film production workshop, and an adopted nitrogen-protected degreasing process organic waste gas condensation and recovery processing system is shown in figure 1 and comprises a nitrogen generator 1, a degreasing furnace 2, a heat exchanger 3, a condenser 4, a fan 5, a first flow controller 7 and an absorption and desorption system 9 which are sequentially connected.
The condensate outlet of the condenser 4 is connected with a filtering device (not shown) and a collecting tank 6 in sequence.
A first bypass connected with the degreasing furnace 2 is arranged between the fan 5 and the first flow controller 7, and a second flow controller 10 is arranged on the first bypass.
The adsorption and desorption system 9 comprises two adsorption tanks, and the first flow controller 7 is switchably communicated with any one or two adsorption tanks.
For any of the adsorption tanks, when it is connected to the first flow controller 7, its gas outlet is connected to the cooling medium inlet of the heat exchanger 3.
The outlet of the cooling medium of the heat exchanger 3 is divided into two paths, wherein one path is communicated with the atmosphere through a valve (not shown), and the other path is switchably communicated with any one or two adsorption tanks which are adsorbed with non-condensable organic pollutants through a heating device 8.
And a second bypass is arranged between the degreasing furnace 2 and the heat exchanger 3, and when any adsorption tank is communicated with the heating device 8, a gas outlet of the adsorption tank is communicated with the second bypass.
The nitrogen-protected organic waste gas condensation and recovery treatment system for the degreasing process is further provided with a PLC control system capable of controlling the actions of all the components.
The degreasing furnace 2 is a degreasing oven of a material thermal processing workshop, and a nitrogen inlet and a feed inlet of the degreasing ovenShare the same port, except the feed inlet and the discharge outlet, the other parts are well sealed to prevent air from entering to the maximum extent. The volume of the degreasing furnace is 0.5 to 1.5m 3 And the working temperature is 250 ℃. The collection amount of the exhaust gas per hour is set to be 6 to 20 times of the volume of the degreasing furnace.
The concentration of organic pollutants in the waste gas generated by the degreasing furnace is higher than 150g/m 3 The main component is hydrogenated heavy naphtha (CAS: 64742-48-9), also called isoparaffin, is C 11 H 24 The main isomer mixed alkane has average molecular weight of 156, saturated vapor pressure of 0.106kPa at 20 deg.c, vapor density/air density of 5.4 and explosion limit of 0.7-5.4%. This embodiment adopts excessive nitrogen protection design, prevents that the air from getting into degrease stove 2 in, isolated air oxidation. The degreasing furnace 2 is provided with an oxygen detector and a temperature regulating valve, and the degreasing furnace is heated after the oxygen content in the degreasing furnace reaches the standard.
The outlet temperature of the condenser 4 is less than 40 ℃, 65vol% of condensed organic waste gas passes through the fan 5 and then circulates to the degreasing furnace, and 35% of the condensed organic waste gas enters the absorption and desorption system 9. The two adsorption tanks in the adsorption-desorption system 9 are used alternately, i.e. one is used for adsorption and the other is used for desorption.
The nitrogen generator 1 includes two carbon molecular sieve nitrogen generation devices that can be used alternately. Compressed air flows through the adsorption tower from bottom to top, components such as oxygen, water, carbon dioxide and the like are adsorbed on the surface of the carbon molecular sieve by utilizing different adsorption forces of the molecular sieve on nitrogen, oxygen and the like under different pressures, and nitrogen which is not adsorbed is collected at an outlet to become product gas which flows out of the upper end of the adsorption tower and enters the buffer tank. After a period of time, the oxygen adsorbed by the carbon molecular sieve in the adsorption tower is saturated and needs to be regenerated. Regeneration is accomplished by stopping the adsorption step and reducing the pressure in the adsorption column. After the short-term pressure equalization of the adsorption tower is completed, the pressure reduction is started, the adsorbed components such as oxygen, water, carbon dioxide and the like are removed, and the regeneration process is completed. The two adsorption towers are alternately used for adsorption and regeneration, so that the product nitrogen with stable flow and purity is generated.
The heat exchanger 3 is a finned tube heat exchanger. The hot gas travels through the tube pass. The gas outlet of the adsorption tank communicated with the first flow controller 7 flows out relatively cool and cleanThe gas, nitrogen, which may be used as a cooling medium to cool the hot organic waste gas in exchanger 3. Atomized water vapor can be sprayed on the fins to realize evaporation heat absorption assisted air cooling scattering, the gas is rapidly cooled from a thermal state of more than or equal to 200 ℃ to below 40 ℃, and the concentration of isoparaffin after gas condensation is controlled to be lower than 24g/m 3 . After the gas is cooled, the isoparaffin with the concentration higher than the saturation concentration is separated out and liquefied to form fog drops, when the gas passes through the filtering material of the filtering device, the liquid drops are partially captured and collected to form regenerated raw oil, the particulate matters are intercepted by the filter, and the filter is replaced periodically by the system.
The adsorption tank adopts granular activated carbon as an adsorbent to carry out adsorption and desorption, the adsorption working temperature of the adsorption tank is lower than 40 ℃, the desorption working temperature is not lower than 230 ℃, heat exchange heating is adopted, the insufficient temperature adopts electric heating for heat compensation, high-concentration waste gas after desorption enters a condenser 4 for further separating isoparaffin after being preliminarily cooled by a heat exchanger 3. Activated carbon does not have the risk of spontaneous combustion under the protection of nitrogen, and adsorption tank desorption operating temperature can be higher, and the desorption is more thorough, and the security can obtain guaranteeing.
The nitrogen generator 1 is used for generating nitrogen, oxygen in each device, part and pipeline of the system is exhausted, under the action of the fan 5, hot organic waste gas generated when the degreasing furnace 2 operates is carried by nitrogen carrier gas and cooled by the heat exchanger 3 to enter the condenser 4, organic pollutants in the organic waste gas in the condenser 4 are condensed and then enter the collection tank 6 through the filter device to be recycled, non-condensable matters (possibly including some non-condensable organic pollutants) enter the adsorption tank through the fan 5 and the first flow controller 7 to finish adsorption of the non-condensable organic pollutants, clean gas exhausted after adsorption of the adsorption tank is low in temperature, the clean gas can be used as a cooling medium for primarily cooling the entering hot waste gas by the heat exchanger 3, the clean gas can be directly exhausted after the temperature is increased, the clean gas can also be used as desorption gas for a desorption process of another adsorption tank after being heated by the heating device 8, and gas with the organic pollutants generated by desorption can be cooled by the heat exchanger 3 and condensed by the condenser 4 again to carry out cyclic deep removal of the organic pollutants.
The Total Volatile Organic Compound (TVOC) removal rate of the nitrogen-protected degreasing process organic waste gas condensation recovery processing method of the present embodiment is 99.65%, and the emission is 0.007t isoparaffin/year.
According to the requirements of the emission standard of pollutants for the synthetic resin industry (GB 31572-2015), the emission of non-methane total hydrocarbons (isoparaffin in the embodiment) of all the resins (except organic silicon resin) is 0.3kg/t of the product. The Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film produced in the embodiment is 300 kilometers each year and about 25t, and finally the non-methane total hydrocarbon emission of the unit product in the embodiment is converted to 0.28kg/t, which meets the requirement.
Furthermore, it should be understood that various changes or modifications can be made by those skilled in the art after reading the above description of the present invention, and equivalents also fall within the scope of the invention defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A nitrogen-protected degreasing process organic waste gas condensation recovery processing method is characterized in that a nitrogen-protected degreasing process organic waste gas condensation recovery processing system is adopted;
the nitrogen-protected degreasing process organic waste gas condensation recovery treatment system comprises a nitrogen generator (1), a degreasing furnace (2), a heat exchanger (3), a condenser (4), a fan (5), a first flow controller (7) and an adsorption and desorption system (9) which are connected in sequence;
a condensate outlet of the condenser (4) is connected with a collecting tank (6);
the adsorption and desorption system (9) comprises at least two adsorption tanks, and the first flow controller (7) is in switchable communication with any one or more adsorption tanks;
for any adsorption tank, when the adsorption tank is communicated with the first flow controller (7), the gas outlet of the adsorption tank is communicated with the cooling medium inlet of the heat exchanger (3);
the cooling medium outlet of the heat exchanger (3) is divided into two paths, wherein one path is communicated with the atmosphere through a valve, and the other path is switchably communicated with any one or more adsorption tanks which adsorb non-condensable organic pollutants through a heating device (8);
a second bypass is arranged between the degreasing furnace (2) and the heat exchanger (3);
for any adsorption tank, when the adsorption tank is communicated with the heating device (8), the gas outlet of the adsorption tank is communicated with the second bypass;
the nitrogen-protected degreasing process organic waste gas condensation recovery treatment method comprises the following steps: nitrogen generated by a nitrogen generator (1) is used as a purge gas and a carrier gas, under the action of a fan (5), hot organic waste gas generated by the operation of a degreasing furnace (2) is carried by the nitrogen carrier gas and cooled by a heat exchanger (3) and then enters a condenser (4), organic pollutants in the organic waste gas in the condenser (4) are condensed and enter a collecting tank (6) for recycling, non-condensable matters enter an absorption and desorption system (9) through the fan (5) and a first flow controller (7) to complete the absorption of the non-condensable organic pollutants, clean gas exhausted after the absorption by the absorption tank is used as a cooling medium for the heat exchanger (3) to primarily cool the hot organic waste gas, the gas is exhausted after the temperature of the gas rises and/or is used as desorption gas for the desorption process of other absorption tanks after being heated by a heating device (8), and gas with the organic pollutants generated by desorption is cooled by the heat exchanger (3) again and condensed by the condenser (4) to carry out the cyclic deep removal and the recycling of the organic pollutants;
in the nitrogen-protected degreasing process organic waste gas condensation recovery treatment method, the hourly collection amount of waste gas is 6-20 times of the volume of the degreasing furnace (2).
2. The nitrogen-protected degreasing process organic waste gas condensation and recovery processing method is characterized in that a first bypass connected with a degreasing furnace (2) is arranged between a fan (5) and a first flow controller (7), a second flow controller (10) is arranged on the first bypass, and condensed organic waste gas can flow back to the degreasing furnace to be used as make-up gas, so that the nitrogen consumption is reduced.
3. The nitrogen-protected degreasing process organic waste gas condensation and recovery processing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume of the degreasing furnace (2) is 0.5-1.5 m 3 。
4. The nitrogen-protected degreasing process organic waste gas condensation and recovery processing method is characterized in that the degreasing furnace (2) is used in a PTFE membrane production workshop, the working temperature is 250 ℃, and the outlet temperature of the condenser (4) is not higher than 40 ℃.
5. The nitrogen-protected organic waste gas condensation and recovery processing method for degreasing process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adsorbent in the adsorption tank is activated carbon, the adsorption working temperature is not higher than 40 ℃, and the desorption working temperature is not lower than 230 ℃.
6. The nitrogen-protected degreasing process organic waste gas condensation and recovery processing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitrogen generator (1) comprises at least two carbon molecular sieve nitrogen making devices which can be used alternatively.
7. The nitrogen-protected degreasing process organic waste gas condensation and recovery processing method is characterized in that a filtering device is arranged between the condenser (4) and the collecting tank (6).
8. The nitrogen-protected degreasing process organic waste gas condensation recovery processing method is characterized in that the heat exchanger (3) is a finned tube heat exchanger.
9. The nitrogen-protected degreasing process organic waste gas condensation and recovery processing method is characterized in that the degreasing furnace (2) is provided with an oxygen detector and a temperature regulating valve.
10. The nitrogen-protected degreasing process organic waste gas condensation and recovery processing method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the nitrogen-protected degreasing process organic waste gas condensation and recovery processing system is provided with a PLC control system capable of controlling the actions of each component.
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| CN116571226B (en) * | 2023-07-13 | 2023-10-13 | 山东鹏达生态科技股份有限公司 | Continuous operation device and process for desorbing and recycling VOCs (volatile organic compounds) adsorption material |
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