CN114389581A - Ultra-wide spectrum strong electromagnetic pulse generating circuit based on parallel solid-state switches - Google Patents
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- H03K3/53—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback
- H03K3/57—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback the switching device being a semiconductor device
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of pulse power, and provides an ultra-wide spectrum strong electromagnetic pulse generating circuit based on a parallel solid-state switch. The direct current charging power supply is used for providing direct current bias voltage for the pulse source circuit, and the charging isolation resistor is used for adjusting the charging speed of the main loop; setting n stages of parallel solid-state switches, wherein each stage of parallel solid-state switch consists of two avalanche triodes of the same type, an inter-stage capacitor of a main loop is used as an energy storage element of a pulse generation circuit, a trigger signal input port inputs a trigger signal for the first stage of parallel solid-state switch, then the conduction of the multi-stage parallel solid-state switches is analogized, and all the inter-stage capacitors of the main loop are connected in series to form a discharge loop; and the high-voltage pulse output port is connected with a load, so that high-voltage time domain pulse output can be obtained on the load. The invention can carry out customized design on the contents of resistance value, capacitance value, Marx series, output waveform parameter and the like in the circuit according to the actual requirements of output pulse width, work repetition frequency, output amplitude and the like, thereby meeting various application requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pulse power, and particularly relates to an ultra-wide spectrum strong electromagnetic pulse generating circuit based on parallel solid-state switches.
Background
The ultra-wide spectrum electromagnetic pulse contains abundant frequency components, is widely concerned in the national defense and civil fields such as short-distance high-speed communication, radar identification, underground detection, target imaging, medical treatment and the like, and has very wide application prospect. In order to obtain a longer acting distance, ultra-wide spectrum electromagnetic pulses generally need to have higher peak voltage, so that a special design of a generation circuit of ultra-wide spectrum strong electromagnetic pulses is needed.
The Marx circuit based on capacitor parallel charging and serial discharging can obtain output voltage which is several times higher than power supply voltage, so the Marx circuit is often used for generating ultra-wide spectrum strong electromagnetic pulse; with the development of semiconductor technology, a Marx circuit is also combined with a high-speed solid-state switching device so as to improve the output stability of a pulse source, the operating repetition frequency and the compactness of the circuit. The avalanche transistor is a solid-state switching device with the advantages of high response speed, small jitter, long service life, low cost, small volume, high upper limit of repetition frequency and the like, and is applied to pulse source design.
Due to the limited voltage resistance and current capacity of a single avalanche triode, the actual pulse source circuit design can adopt the combination form of structures such as multi-tube series connection, multi-tube parallel connection, a Marx circuit and the like, and different combination forms have different advantages and disadvantages. The multi-tube series connection Marx circuit can obviously improve the output amplitude, but can increase the internal resistance of the circuit and reduce the output efficiency, a voltage-sharing circuit needs to be designed for the avalanche transistors, and the short circuit of one avalanche transistor can cause permanent damage to other transistors; the parallel output of the multiple Marx circuits can effectively reduce the overall equivalent internal resistance of the pulse source and improve the output amplitude, but the synchronization of all branches needs to be ensured to be good in work, and the overall compactness of the pulse source is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultra-wide spectrum strong electromagnetic pulse generating circuit based on parallel solid-state switches, aiming at the pulse source design and application requirements of improving the through-current capability of an avalanche triode, reducing the internal resistance of a multistage Marx circuit and obtaining a high output amplitude.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a circuit for generating ultra-wide spectrum strong electromagnetic pulses based on a parallel solid-state switch comprises a direct-current charging power supply, a charging isolation resistor, the parallel solid-state switch, a main circuit interstage capacitor, a trigger signal input port and a high-voltage pulse output port;
the direct current charging power supply is used for providing direct current bias voltage for the pulse source circuit, charging the main loop interstage capacitor when the parallel solid-state switch is not conducted, and enabling the solid-state switch to be in a critical avalanche state;
the charging isolation resistor is used for adjusting the charging speed of the main loop; when the parallel solid-state switch is conducted, the parallel solid-state switch is used as an isolation resistor in a discharge loop;
the method comprises the steps that n stages of parallel solid-state switches are arranged, the stage number of the parallel solid-state switches determines the stage number of a Marx circuit, each stage of parallel solid-state switches consists of two avalanche triodes with the same type, and the base electrodes and the emitting electrodes of the two avalanche triodes are respectively in short circuit and connected to a capacitor between the previous stages; after the collectors of the two avalanche triodes are connected, the collectors are connected to a capacitor between the next stage; when the avalanche transistor is not conducted, the circuit is in a charging state, the direct current charging power supply charges the inter-stage capacitor in parallel, and after the collector and the emitter of the avalanche transistor are conducted, the inter-stage capacitor discharges the load in series, so that high-voltage pulse output is formed;
n is set according to the amplitude of the output pulse required, and is estimated according to the formula (1):
wherein: voutIs the output voltage amplitude; rLIs a load resistor;
RQthe equivalent internal resistance of each stage of solid-state switch is formed by connecting 2 avalanche transistors in parallel when the conduction internal resistance of a single avalanche transistor is R Q2/a, wherein r is 2-3 omega in application;
R1is a discharge loop wire resistor; vccThe voltage amplitude of the direct current charging power supply;
the main loop interstage capacitor is used as an energy storage element of the pulse generating circuit, electric energy storage is completed in the charging loop through direct current charging, the main loop interstage capacitor is connected in series to form a discharging loop when the n-stage parallel solid-state switch is conducted, high-voltage pulses are output to a load, the trailing edge time of the output pulses is changed by adjusting the capacitance value, and then the output pulse width is controlled;
the trigger signal input port inputs a trigger signal for the first-stage parallel solid-state switch to quickly conduct the solid-state switch in the critical avalanche state; then the collector and the emitter of the second-stage parallel solid-state switch continue to conduct rapidly under the combined action of overvoltage and fast front-edge voltage, then the conduction of the parallel solid-state switches of all stages is analogized, and all the inter-stage capacitors of the main circuit are connected in series to form a discharge circuit;
when the main circuit starts to discharge, the potential difference m times of the DC bias voltage is generated between the right end of the last stage of capacitor and the ground to the maximum extent, wherein m is the same as the stage number n of the parallel switch, and the high-voltage pulse output port is connected with a load, so that high-voltage time domain pulse output can be obtained on the load.
Further, special attention needs to be paid to the design of the pulse source circuit board, microstrip lines connected to two parallel solid-state switches in each stage need to keep strict structural symmetry, so that the two parallel solid-state switches can be simultaneously conducted, and the purpose of improving the through-current capacity of the parallel solid-state switches is achieved.
Furthermore, the circuit is designed to be compact, and a high-frequency microwave board is selected as a printed circuit board substrate to control stray parameters generated by the circuit structure, so that the influence of the stray parameters on output pulse waveforms is reduced.
Furthermore, the avalanche transistor is in a patch packaging mode.
Furthermore, the resistance value of the isolation resistor is set to be larger than 10k ohms so as to ensure that the interstage capacitors discharge to the load;
compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts a parallel structure of double avalanche triodes as a Marx circuit switch device, the current on each avalanche triode is 1/2 of the total current of a loop, and the damage caused by the working current exceeding the limit value of the avalanche triodes can be effectively reduced;
2. the avalanche transistors are connected in parallel, so that the internal resistance of each stage of solid-state switching device can be reduced, the integral internal resistance of the main circuit in the discharging process is reduced, the output amplitude on the load is increased, and the output efficiency is improved;
3. the avalanche triode in a surface mount package form is used as a solid-state switching device in the pulse source circuit, so that fewer stray parameters are introduced, the circuit output stability is better, the output amplitude is higher, the circuit structure is more compact, the avalanche triode is suitable for large-scale machine welding, and the pulse source performance consistency is ensured;
4. the compact circuit design and the use of the high-frequency microwave dielectric substrate can reduce the stray parameters generated by the circuit structures such as microstrip lines and the like, the leading edge time of the output pulse is faster, and the interference to the output waveform is less;
5. the invention has strong universality and flexibility, the pulse width of the output pulse can be adjusted by adjusting the capacitance value of the capacitor between the stages, and pulses with different amplitudes can be output by changing the stage number of the Marx circuit, thereby meeting more applications.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of a pole tube ultra-wide spectrum strong electromagnetic pulse generating circuit based on parallel solid state switches;
FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit of the multi-stage Marx circuit during discharging;
FIG. 3 shows an engineering layout (front side) of a pole tube ultra-wide spectrum strong electromagnetic pulse generating circuit based on a parallel solid-state switch
FIG. 4 shows an engineering layout of a pole tube ultra-wide spectrum strong electromagnetic pulse generating circuit (back surface) based on a parallel solid-state switch
FIG. 5 shows the output pulse waveform of the ultra-wide spectrum strong electromagnetic pulse generating circuit based on the parallel solid-state switch
The system comprises a direct-current charging power supply 1, a charging isolation resistor 2, a parallel solid-state switch 3, a main circuit inter-stage capacitor 4, a trigger signal input port 5 and a high-voltage pulse output port 6;
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments of the description.
The invention designs an ultra-wide spectrum strong electromagnetic pulse generating circuit with the advantages of good stability, compact structure, high output amplitude and the like, and the circuit specifically comprises a direct current charging power supply, a charging isolation resistor, a parallel solid-state switch, a main circuit interstage capacitor, a trigger signal input port and a high-voltage pulse output port; the circuit structure of the invention is schematically shown in fig. 1.
The ultra-wide spectrum strong electromagnetic pulse generating circuit based on the parallel solid-state switch has the following working processes:
s1, the DC charging power supply is turned on, the circuit starts to work, and the pulse source circuit is provided with a voltage Vcc(270-300V adjustable) direct current bias voltage;
s1.1, the parallel solid-state switches are all in a non-conducting state, the direct-current charging power supply charges each stage of interstage capacitor through two charging isolation resistors, and each avalanche transistor is in a critical avalanche state;
s1.2 two charging isolation resistors and an interstage capacitor form a charging branch, each charging branch is connected to two ends of a direct current charging power supply in parallel, and the two ends of each interstage capacitor obtain the same potential difference V after charging is completedcc；
S2, inputting a trigger signal to the circuit, and sequentially conducting the parallel solid-state switches at each stage;
s2.1 trigger signal reaches base of first stage parallel solid switch to make two solid switches in critical avalanche state conduct rapidly at the same time, the left end of first stage interstage capacitor is grounded instantaneously, and the right end potential jumps to-Vcc；
S2.2 the base and emitter potentials of the second stage parallel solid-state switch are suddenly changed and are continuously and rapidly conducted under the comprehensive action of overvoltage and fast leading edge voltage, and the left end potential of the second stage interstage capacitor jumps to-VccThe potential at the right end jumps to-2Vcc；
S2.3 subsequently, all the stages of the parallel solid-state switches are conducted in this way in succession, the cascade Marx circuit is in a discharge state, and the corresponding equivalent circuit is shown in FIG. 2, wherein CnInter-stage capacitance, L, representing series discharge0Representing the sum of the total lead inductance of the discharge circuit and the effective inductance of the avalanche mode transistor, RQnRepresenting the equivalent resistance, R, of the n-th stage of parallel solid-state switches when turned on1Representing the resistance of the discharge circuit conductor, RLRepresenting a load resistance;
s3, all the main loop inter-stage capacitors are connected in series and discharged through a load to form high-voltage pulse output;
s3.1 when the main loop inter-stage capacitors are connected in series and begin to discharge, the amplitude between the right end of the last stage inter-stage capacitor and the ground is-nVccN is the cascade stage number of the Marx circuit;
s3.2 the series connection of the inter-stage capacitors discharges through the load in dependence on the load RLThe difference of the voltage dividing effect of the equivalent resistor of the load and the equivalent resistor of the solid-state switch is different, so that ultra-wide spectrum strong electromagnetic pulse output with different amplitudes is formed on the load.
The invention adopts the form that double avalanche triodes are connected in parallel to be used as a Marx circuit switch device, the current on each avalanche triode is 1/2 of the total current of a loop, and the damage of the avalanche triodes caused by the working current exceeding a limit value can be effectively reduced. The double-tube parallel connection can also reduce the internal resistance of each stage of switching device, thereby reducing the integral internal resistance of the main loop in the discharging process, increasing the output amplitude on the load and improving the output efficiency. The actually designed and processed circuit layout is shown in fig. 3 and 4, the microstrip lines connected to the two parallel solid-state switches in each stage keep strict structural symmetry, so that the two solid-state switches can be simultaneously conducted, and the purpose of improving the through-current capacity of the circuit is realized. The whole circuit structure is compact, and an F4BM350 type high-frequency microwave board is selected as a circuit PCB substrate to reduce stray parameters generated by a microstrip line and other circuit structures, so that the influence of the stray parameters on the leading edge of an output pulse is reduced.
According to the invention, by utilizing a cascade Marx circuit structure, the output voltage far higher than the voltage of a charging power supply can be obtained; the avalanche transistor is used as a solid-state switching device in the pulse source circuit, so that the circuit has better output stability, higher output amplitude and more compact circuit structure, and can realize high repetition frequency pulse output. Meanwhile, the parallel solid-state switch cascade Marx circuit structure provided by the invention has strong universality and flexibility, and can be used for carrying out customized design on the contents such as resistance values, capacitance values, Marx series, output waveform parameters and the like in the circuit according to the actual requirements such as output pulse width, work repetition frequency, output amplitude and the like, thereby meeting various application requirements.
In addition, the processing test of the circuit structure provided by the invention shows that under the direct-current charging voltage of 270V, the output pulse waveform of the Marx cascade circuit consisting of 50-level switches is as shown in fig. 5, the pulse amplitude is about 4.5kV, the leading edge (10% -90%) is about 220ps, the full width at half maximum is about 2.0ns, and the repetition frequency is maximum 10 kHz.
The above description is of the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any person skilled in the art may make modifications and variations of the present invention using the above description to provide an equivalent embodiment. Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made according to the technical scheme of the invention still belong to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A circuit for generating ultra-wide spectrum strong electromagnetic pulses based on a parallel solid-state switch is characterized by comprising a direct-current charging power supply, a charging isolation resistor, a parallel solid-state switch, a main circuit inter-stage capacitor, a trigger signal input port and a high-voltage pulse output port;
the direct current charging power supply is used for providing direct current bias voltage for the pulse source circuit, charging the main loop interstage capacitor when the parallel solid-state switch is not conducted, and enabling the solid-state switch to be in a critical avalanche state;
the charging isolation resistor is used for adjusting the charging speed of the main loop; when the parallel solid-state switch is conducted, the parallel solid-state switch is used as an isolation resistor in a discharge loop;
setting n stages of parallel solid-state switches, wherein each stage of parallel solid-state switch consists of two avalanche triodes with the same type, and the bases and the emitters of the two avalanche triodes are respectively in short circuit and connected to a capacitor between the previous stages; after the collectors of the two avalanche triodes are connected, the collectors are connected to a capacitor between the next stage; when the avalanche transistor is not conducted, the circuit is in a charging state, the direct current charging power supply charges the inter-stage capacitor in parallel, and after the collector and the emitter of the avalanche transistor are conducted, the inter-stage capacitor discharges the load in series, so that high-voltage pulse output is formed;
the n is set according to the amplitude of the output pulse required and is estimated according to a formula (1):
wherein: voutIs the output voltage amplitude; rLIs a load resistor;
RQthe equivalent internal resistance of each stage of solid-state switch is formed by connecting 2 avalanche transistors in parallel when the conduction internal resistance of a single avalanche transistor is RQR/2, wherein the value of r in the application is 2-3 omega;
R1is a discharge loop wire resistor; vccThe voltage amplitude of the direct current charging power supply;
the main circuit inter-stage capacitor is used as an energy storage element of the pulse generating circuit, electric energy storage is completed in the charging circuit through direct current charging, the n-stage parallel solid-state switches are connected in series to form a discharging circuit when being conducted, high-voltage pulses are output to a load, the trailing edge time of the output pulses is changed by adjusting the capacitance value, and the output pulse width is further controlled;
the trigger signal input port inputs a trigger signal for the first-stage parallel solid-state switch to quickly conduct the solid-state switch in the critical avalanche state; then the collector and the emitter of the second-stage parallel solid-state switch continue to conduct rapidly under the combined action of overvoltage and fast front-edge voltage, then the conduction of the parallel solid-state switches of all stages is analogized, and all the inter-stage capacitors of the main circuit are connected in series to form a discharge circuit;
when the main circuit starts to discharge, the high-voltage pulse output port generates a potential difference m times of the direct-current bias voltage to the maximum extent between the right end of the last-stage capacitor and the ground, wherein m is the same as the stage number n of the parallel switch, and the high-voltage pulse output port is connected with a load, so that high-voltage time domain pulse output can be obtained on the load.
2. The circuit for generating ultra-wide spectrum strong electromagnetic pulses based on parallel solid state switches according to claim 1, wherein the microstrip lines connected to the two parallel solid state switches in each stage are strictly symmetrical in structure to ensure that the two parallel solid state switches can be turned on simultaneously, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the current capacity of the parallel solid state switches.
3. The ultra-wide spectrum strong electromagnetic pulse generating circuit based on the parallel solid-state switch as claimed in claim 1, wherein a high-frequency microwave board is selected as a printed circuit board substrate for controlling stray parameters generated by the circuit structure, thereby reducing the influence of the stray parameters on the output pulse waveform.
4. The ultra-wide spectrum intense electromagnetic pulse generating circuit based on parallel solid state switches of claim 1, wherein said avalanche transistor is in the form of a chip package avalanche transistor.
5. A parallel solid state switch based ultra-wide spectrum strong electromagnetic pulse generating circuit as recited in claim 1, wherein said isolation resistor is configured to have a resistance value greater than 10 kohms to ensure that the inter-stage capacitors are all discharged to the load.
6. The ultra-wide spectrum strong electromagnetic pulse generating circuit based on the parallel solid-state switches as claimed in claim 1, wherein the circuit is custom designed for resistance value, capacitance value, number of stages of the parallel solid-state switches and output waveform parameters in the circuit according to actual requirements of pulse width, duty repetition frequency, output amplitude and the like, so as to meet various application requirements.
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Cited By (1)
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