CN114384628B - Optical waveguide arrangement method - Google Patents
Optical waveguide arrangement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114384628B CN114384628B CN202011069808.7A CN202011069808A CN114384628B CN 114384628 B CN114384628 B CN 114384628B CN 202011069808 A CN202011069808 A CN 202011069808A CN 114384628 B CN114384628 B CN 114384628B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/125—Bends, branchings or intersections
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12083—Constructional arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12083—Constructional arrangements
- G02B2006/12119—Bend
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Abstract
An optical waveguide arrangement method, according to a given connection topology relation, the number of channels of a single optical waveguide connector determines the position of the optical waveguide connector; sequentially determining the position of a longitudinal vertical arrangement part and the position of a transverse horizontal arrangement part in each optical waveguide according to the position of the optical waveguide connector and the interconnection topological structure; adding a bending structure in each optical waveguide, and setting the bending radius to be the maximum acceptable bending radius under the condition of meeting the requirement of arranging all waveguides according to the set size of the arrangement area so as to reduce the bending loss caused by waveguide bending; and checking whether each waveguide and other waveguides have multiple intersections at any position, and avoiding multiple intersections of multiple waveguides at any position by adjusting the bending radius and/or the spacing of the waveguides. The invention is suitable for the automatic arrangement of the rapid optical waveguides with the channel number of 500-10000, improves the arrangement efficiency by several orders of magnitude compared with a manual arrangement mode, can avoid human errors caused by manual arrangement, and greatly improves the design efficiency of the optical waveguides.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology in the field of optical communication, in particular to an automatic optical waveguide optimization arrangement method based on a link relation undirected graph.
Background
Optical waveguides can be used to replace copper traces in high-speed Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) to interconnect components between, within, and carried on circuit boards. Optical waveguide-based optical interconnect technologies have larger communication bandwidths and lower power consumption than electrical interconnects. The design and arrangement of the existing multiple optical waveguides are manually designed and realized by manually designing the multiple optical waveguides one by one, but with the great increase of the number of optical interconnection channels and the interconnection density in unit area, the manual arrangement method cannot realize the optimization of the whole waveguide arrangement, in addition, the manual arrangement has low efficiency and poor adaptability, errors are easy to occur, and after the topological structure of the waveguide arrangement is changed, the arrangement needs to be redesigned, so the production efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an optical waveguide arrangement method aiming at the defects of the existing waveguide arrangement method, which realizes the automatic arrangement of high-density optical waveguides in a given waveguide arrangement area according to a given connection topological structure, and leads the optical waveguides to realize the interconnection among the optical waveguide connectors (PMT) distributed at specific positions of the wiring area according to a given link relation.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to an optical waveguide arrangement method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1) determining the position of an optical waveguide connector according to a given connection topological relation and the number of channels of a single optical waveguide connector;
step 2) determining the position of a longitudinal vertical arrangement part and the position of a transverse horizontal arrangement part in each optical waveguide in turn according to the position of the optical waveguide connector and the interconnection topological structure;
step 3) adding a bending structure in each optical waveguide, and setting the bending radius to be the maximum acceptable bending radius under the condition of meeting the requirement of arranging all waveguides according to the set size of the arrangement area so as to reduce the bending loss caused by waveguide bending;
and 4) checking whether each waveguide and other waveguides have multiple intersections at any position, and avoiding multiple intersections of multiple waveguides at any position by adjusting the bending radius and/or the spacing of the waveguides.
The invention relates to a system for realizing the method, which comprises the following steps: undirected graph receiving unit, longitudinal and transverse position determining unit, bending structure adding unit and cross optimization unit, wherein: the undirected graph receiving unit reads a PMT link relation undirected graph and outputs an optical waveguide connector and corresponding waveguides thereof to the longitudinal and transverse position determining unit, the longitudinal and transverse position determining unit sequentially numbers all waveguides, the position of a longitudinal straight waveguide part in the optical waveguide is directly calculated according to the position of the optical waveguide connector and the relative position of the waveguides in the optical waveguide connector, the position of a transverse arrangement part of the optical waveguide is determined through a greedy algorithm, the bending structure adding unit calculates the bending angle of each waveguide through the waveguide crossing position and the waveguide interval according to the plane geometry principle, and the crossing optimizing unit performs structural optimization on all the bending angles in a mode of reducing the bending radius of a specific waveguide and/or increasing the specific waveguide interval and generates an optimized optical waveguide layout.
Technical effects
The invention integrally solves the technical problem that the prior art can not finish the automatic arrangement of the waveguides from the transmitting end to the receiving end on the plane wiring area under the condition of given connection relation between the transmitting end and the receiving end.
Compared with the prior art, the full-automatic high-density waveguide distribution device can realize full-automatic high-density waveguide distribution without manual intervention, and the distribution rate can reach 100%; the invention can be suitable for the automatic arrangement of the optical waveguides with the channel number of 500-10000, can realize the automatic arrangement of the whole waveguides within 5 minutes, and improves the arrangement efficiency by several orders of magnitude compared with a manual arrangement mode; the invention can avoid human errors caused by manual arrangement and greatly improve the design efficiency of the optical waveguide.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a theoretical model of plate-level optical waveguide arrangement;
FIG. 2 is a multiple undirected graph of PMT connection;
in the figure: each undirected graph node has four edges;
FIG. 3 is a view showing the construction of an optical waveguide connector;
in the figure: 1 is a connector top cover, 2 is an optical waveguide, 3 is an optical waveguide sheath, and 4 is a connector base.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method of routing board level optical waveguides;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of optical waveguide wiring:
in the figure: 5 is an optical waveguide connector, each connector is provided with four waveguides, and 6 is a multimode optical waveguide;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a multiple waveguide crossover;
in the figure: 7 is a waveguide wiring grid, and 8 is a multi-waveguide intersection;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a multiple waveguide crossover optimization;
in the figure: a is a small bending radius optimization example, and b is a large bending radius optimization example; 9 is the small-radius waveguide bending, 10 is the extra interval generated between the waveguides, and the waveguides can not be arranged in the interval;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of 512-channel high-density waveguides;
in the figure: d is a bundle of sixteen optical waveguides led out by one optical waveguide connector;
fig. 9 is a diagram showing simulation results of waveguide bending losses at different crossing angles.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment relates to an optical waveguide arrangement method, and based on an intelligent wiring algorithm model, the optical waveguide layouts shown in fig. 5 and 8 are obtained by calculating according to the link relation undirected graph of the PMT shown in fig. 2.
As shown in fig. 2, the exemplary PMT link relationship undirected graph includes nodes as optical waveguide connectors, where each node connects four sides to indicate that the optical waveguide connector has four ports, and each port couples one optical waveguide.
As shown in fig. 3, the PMT includes: the connector top cover 1 and the connector base 4 that set up relatively and set up in its inside optical waveguide 2, wherein: the optical waveguide 2 is provided with an optical waveguide sheath 3.
As shown in fig. 5, the layout of the optical waveguide is output by the automatic routing algorithm model, where a is a spare available routing area, i.e., a waveguide arrangeable area; b is a Z-shaped waveguide wiring region, and c is a U-shaped waveguide wiring region.
As shown in fig. 4, the optical waveguide arrangement method according to this embodiment specifically includes:
step 1) determining the position of the longitudinal vertical arrangement part of the optical waveguide, which specifically comprises the following steps:
1.1 Giving PMT link relationships in the form of an undirected graph, reading ports in a queue manner for waveguides in each optical waveguide connector in the graph and numbering the waveguides in sequence, specifically: the waveguide with the output end on the more left side is positioned on the more left end of the optical waveguide connector, the waveguide with the output end on the opposite side is positioned in the middle of the optical waveguide connector, and the waveguide with the output end on the more right side is positioned on the more right end of the optical waveguide connector;
1.2 The position of the longitudinal straight waveguide part in the optical waveguide is directly calculated according to the position of the optical waveguide connector and the relative position of the waveguide in the optical waveguide connector, and the specific calculation is as follows: since there are N waveguides per PMT, for the ith PMT, the position X on its corresponding X-axis i The coordinate of the jth waveguide of the PMT on the x-axis can be obtained by adding an offset, wherein the offset is preferably the sum of the waveguide width and the waveguide spacing, and the coordinate x of the jth waveguide on the x-axis j ＝X i +(w+d)×j＝[(w+d)×N+D]×i+X 0 + (w + d) x j, wherein: i is from 0, M), and j is from 0, N).
Step 2) determining the position of the transverse and horizontal arrangement part of the optical waveguide, which specifically comprises the following steps:
2.1 All waveguides in an undirected graph are classified into four categories, specifically: the waveguide comprises a U-shaped waveguide with two ends distributed at the top edge, a U-shaped waveguide with two ends distributed at the bottom edge, a Z-shaped waveguide with a starting end at the top and a terminating end at the bottom, and a Z-shaped waveguide with a starting end at the bottom and a terminating end at the top.
2.2 Respectively completing the arrangement work of the four types of waveguides in a wiring area, traversing all strip areas from the edge of the wiring area to the center, and searching the first strip area capable of completing the transverse arrangement part in the optical waveguide by using a greedy algorithm so as to determine the position of the transverse arrangement part of the optical waveguide, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: traversing the U-shaped waveguides with two ends distributed on the top edge in sequence according to the x-axis coordinate of the starting end of each waveguide, and traversing all available strip areas in the space in reverse sequence according to the y-axis coordinate of the position of each strip area; for the ith waveguide, setting the transverse straight waveguide coordinate of the ith waveguide as the y-axis coordinate of the strip when the strip region of the ith waveguide is available, and otherwise, continuously traversing the strip region; and the wiring methods of the other three types of waveguides are similar.
When all the strip regions are unavailable, the waveguide cannot complete the wiring, and the overall wiring rate cannot reach 100%.
Step 3) add waveguide bends to avoid multiple waveguide crossings: after all the straight waveguide positions are determined, the bending angle of each waveguide is calculated by the waveguide intersection position and the waveguide spacing according to the plane geometry principle, and the target waveguide bending is added at the intersection point of the transverse and longitudinal straight waveguides so as to avoid the intersection of multiple waveguides, and the waveguide bending angle
Wherein: r is the waveguide bend radius, and dx is the distance between the starting end and the terminating end of the waveguide.
As shown in fig. 6, the multi-waveguide intersection refers to: for three waveguides which cross two by two, they have three intersection points, and the three intersection points form a triangular area, and more than two sides exist in the triangle, and the side length of the triangle is less than the interval of the waveguides.
As shown in fig. 7, the method for avoiding multiple waveguide intersections includes (1) reducing the bending radius of a specific waveguide and/or (2) increasing the spacing between specific waveguides, specifically:
(1) reducing the bending radius r of a particular waveguide to
Wherein: d is the interval between a specific optical waveguide and an adjacent optical waveguide connector, and D is the waveguide interval, so that the situation that a plurality of optical waveguides are crossed in the arrangement can be ensured when the bending of the waveguide is smaller than the bending.
(2) Increasing the spacing K of the lateral portions of the specific optical waveguide to
Thereby ensuring that the plurality of optical waveguides do not intersect when the lateral portions of the optical waveguides are spaced apart by more than this spacing.
In this embodiment, the wiring space has a length of 15cm and a width of 15cm, and is divided into long regions by initialization, and at most one multimode optical waveguide is arranged in each long region to maintain the waveguide interval, and the width of the long region is 125 μm.
As shown in fig. 8, as a waveguide arrangement result obtained in this embodiment, there are 512 channels of multimode waveguides in the arrangement, the waveguide width is 50 μm, the estimated waveguide average loss is 5.5dB, the maximum loss is 6.6dB, the straight waveguide is calculated by 0.05dB/cm, the curved waveguide is calculated by 1.52dB/rad, the value is obtained by actually preparing the optical waveguide through experimental tests, and the additional insertion loss caused by waveguide crossing is obtained through simulation calculation, as shown in fig. 9.
Compared with the prior art, the method can obviously improve the distribution density of the optical waveguide or reduce the optical waveguide.
The foregoing embodiments may be modified in many different ways by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and not by the preceding embodiments, and all embodiments within their scope are intended to be limited by the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. An optical waveguide automatic optimization arrangement method based on link relation undirected graph is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1) determining the position of an optical waveguide connector according to a given connection topological relation and the number of channels of a single optical waveguide connector;
step 2) determining the position of a longitudinal vertical arrangement part and the position of a transverse horizontal arrangement part in each optical waveguide in turn according to the position of the optical waveguide connector and the interconnection topological structure;
step 3) adding a bending structure in each optical waveguide, and setting the bending radius to be the maximum acceptable bending radius under the condition of meeting the condition of arranging all waveguides according to the set arrangement area size so as to reduce the bending loss caused by waveguide bending;
step 4) checking whether each waveguide and other waveguides have multiple intersections at any position, and avoiding multiple intersections of multiple waveguides at any position by adjusting the bending radius and/or the spacing of the optical waveguides, namely increasing the spacing K of the transverse part of a specific optical waveguide to
Wherein: r is the waveguide bend radius, D is the spacing between a particular optical waveguide and an adjacent optical waveguide connector, and D is the waveguide spacing, thereby ensuring that multiple optical waveguides do not cross when the spacing of the lateral portions of the optical waveguides is greater than this spacing.
2. The method for automatically optimizing and arranging optical waveguides based on the link relationship undirected graph as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical waveguide connector comprises: the relative connector top cap and the connector base that set up and set up in its inside optical waveguide, wherein: the optical waveguide is provided with an optical waveguide sheath; optical waveguides provide coupling and interconnection to other optical transmission media through optical waveguide connectors.
3. The method for automatically optimizing and arranging optical waveguides based on the link relationship undirected graph as claimed in claim 1, wherein the position of the longitudinal vertical arrangement part is obtained by the following method:
1.1 Give PMT link relationship in the form of an undirected graph, read ports in a queue manner for waveguides in each optical waveguide connector in the graph and number them in order, specifically: the waveguide on the left side of the output end is positioned at the left end of the optical waveguide connector, the waveguide on the opposite side of the output end is positioned in the middle of the optical waveguide connector, and the waveguide on the right side of the output end is positioned at the right end of the optical waveguide connector;
1.2 The position of the longitudinal straight waveguide part in the optical waveguide is directly calculated according to the position of the optical waveguide connector and the relative position of the waveguide in the optical waveguide connector, and the specific calculation is as follows: since each PMT has N waveguides, for the ith PMT, the position X on its corresponding X-axis i The coordinate of the jth waveguide of the PMT on the x axis can be obtained by adding an offset, wherein the offset is the sum of the waveguide width w and the waveguide spacing d, and the coordinate x of the jth waveguide on the x axis j ＝X i +(w+d)×j＝[(w+d)×N+D]×i+X 0 + (w + d) xj, wherein: i is equal to 0, M, and j is equal to 0, N).
4. The method for automatically optimizing and arranging optical waveguides based on the link relationship undirected graph as claimed in claim 1, wherein the position of the horizontal arrangement part is obtained by the following method:
2.1 All waveguides in an undirected graph are classified into four categories, specifically: the waveguide comprises a U-shaped waveguide, a Z-shaped waveguide, an initial end and a terminating end, wherein two ends of the U-shaped waveguide are distributed on the edge of the top, two ends of the U-shaped waveguide are distributed on the edge of the bottom, the initial end is arranged on the top, the terminating end is arranged on the bottom, the initial end is arranged on the bottom, and the terminating end is arranged on the top;
2.2 Respectively completing the arrangement work of the four types of waveguides in a wiring area, traversing all strip areas from the edge of the wiring area to the center, and searching the first strip area capable of completing the transverse arrangement part in the optical waveguide by using a greedy algorithm so as to determine the position of the transverse arrangement part of the optical waveguide, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: traversing the U-shaped waveguides with two ends distributed at the top edge according to the size of the x-axis coordinate of the starting end of the waveguide in sequence, and traversing all available strip areas in the space according to the size of the y-axis coordinate of the position of the strip area in a reverse sequence for each waveguide; for the ith waveguide, setting the transverse straight waveguide coordinate of the ith waveguide as the y-axis coordinate of the strip when the strip region of the ith waveguide is available, and otherwise, continuously traversing the strip region; and the wiring methods of the other three types of waveguides are similar.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the curved structure is obtained by calculating the curved angle of each waveguide from the waveguide intersection position and the waveguide spacing by the plane geometry principle after determining the positions of all the straight waveguides, and adding the target waveguide curve at the intersection point of the transverse and longitudinal straight waveguides to avoid the intersection of multiple waveguides, and the curved angle of the waveguides
Wherein: dx is the distance between the starting end and the terminating end of the waveguide;
the multi-waveguide intersection refers to: for three intersection points of three waveguides which are intersected pairwise, a triangular area is formed, more than two sides exist in the triangle, and the side length of the triangle is smaller than the waveguide interval.
6. The method for automatically optimizing and arranging the optical waveguides based on the link relationship undirected graph according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting the bending radius comprises: reducing the bending radius r of a particular waveguide to
Thereby ensuring that when the waveguide bends less than this, no crossing of multiple optical waveguides will occur in the arrangement.
7. A system for implementing the method of any of claims 1-6, comprising: undirected graph receiving unit, longitudinal and transverse position determining unit, bending structure adding unit and cross optimization unit, wherein: the undirected graph receiving unit reads a PMT link relation undirected graph and outputs an optical waveguide connector and corresponding waveguides thereof to the longitudinal and transverse position determining unit, the longitudinal and transverse position determining unit sequentially numbers all waveguides, the position of a longitudinal straight waveguide part in the optical waveguide is directly calculated according to the position of the optical waveguide connector and the relative position of the waveguides in the optical waveguide connector, the position of a transverse arrangement part of the optical waveguide is determined through a greedy algorithm, the bending structure adding unit calculates the bending angle of each waveguide through the waveguide crossing position and the waveguide interval according to the plane geometry principle, and the crossing optimizing unit performs structural optimization on all the bending angles in a mode of reducing the bending radius of a specific waveguide and/or increasing the specific waveguide interval and generates an optimized optical waveguide layout.
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| CN114384628A (en) | 2022-04-22 |
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