CN114381564A - Direct reduction device for heating iron concentrate powder by isolating air and application thereof - Google Patents
Direct reduction device for heating iron concentrate powder by isolating air and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114381564A CN114381564A CN202110408059.4A CN202110408059A CN114381564A CN 114381564 A CN114381564 A CN 114381564A CN 202110408059 A CN202110408059 A CN 202110408059A CN 114381564 A CN114381564 A CN 114381564A
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNXOJQQRXBVKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron vanadium Chemical compound [V].[Fe] PNXOJQQRXBVKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneiron Chemical compound [C].[Fe] QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/12—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by gases
Abstract
The invention discloses a direct reduction device for heating iron concentrate powder by isolating air and application thereof. The direct reduction device is sequentially provided with a charging bucket, a storage bin, a feeding device, a furnace body and a discharging device from top to bottom on the top of the furnace body. The inner chamber of the furnace body is a steel inner shell, one side close to the steel inner shell is provided with an electric heating device, and the furnace wall of the furnace body is provided with a gas inlet. The invention realizes the heating and reduction of the iron concentrate powder through two different paths, and the heating of the iron concentrate powder is external heating-electric heating for isolating air; the reducing gas is input into the furnace through the gas input port, and raw materials such as methanol or water vapor and the like which can be converted into the reducing gas can be input into the furnace, the naturally rising reducing gas and the naturally falling fine iron powder move relatively and meet, the fine iron powder is continuously heated to 830-850 ℃ for efficient reduction reaction, the generated waste gas is full-value gas which is easy to process and can be returned for use, the product is simple substance iron, and no waste is generated in the whole system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a non-blast furnace ironmaking device, in particular to a direct reduction device for heating iron concentrate powder by isolating air and application thereof in direct reduction of iron, and belongs to the field of ironmaking processes and equipment.
Background
The conventional heating and reduction of iron ore are carried out in the same vessel in the following manner: the container is filled with iron ore and carbon-containing material at the same time, and air (containing O) is supplied into the container2) Combustion supporting, the heat generated by the combustion of the carbon in the material and the oxygen in the combustion air is used to heat the iron ore and produce CO2The reaction of carbon and oxygen also produces CO, and the iron in the iron ore undergoes a reduction reaction at a temperature of 830-850 ℃ when the CO in the container2The reduction efficiency decreases as the ratio increases.
At present, the reduction reaction of almost all oxides is performed in the above manner, and therefore, it is important to improve the efficiency and quality of iron making, reduce the cost, and the like to develop a direct reduction apparatus in which the heating and reduction of iron ore are performed through two different routes.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a direct reduction apparatus for heating refined iron powder by isolating air, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art.
The invention also aims to provide a method for reducing the fine iron powder by using the direct reduction device for heating the fine iron powder by isolating air.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
the invention firstly provides a direct reduction device for heating iron concentrate powder by isolating air, which comprises a furnace body, a charging bucket, a storage bin, a feeding device, a discharging device and a base; wherein, a charging bucket, a storage bin and a feeding device are sequentially arranged at the top of the furnace body from top to bottom; the bottom end of the furnace body is supported on a base, and a discharging device is arranged at the bottom end of the furnace body; the inner chamber of the furnace body is a steel inner shell, and an electric heating device is arranged on the outer side (namely the part close to the outer shell of the furnace body) of the steel inner shell; the furnace wall of the furnace body is provided with a gas inlet.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cross section of the furnace body may be rectangular or circular; preferably, a solid steel body is arranged in the middle of the circular furnace body, and the solid steel body is heated by induction heating, so that the hearth becomes an annular hearth; the rectangular hearth and the annular hearth can improve the productivity of the device; more preferably, a first heat-conducting refractory layer made of heat-conducting refractory material is arranged on the periphery of the solid steel body, and the heat-conducting refractory material has good heat-conducting performance, for example, the heat-conducting refractory material can be chromium-corundum material; the thickness of the first heat-conducting refractory layer is preferably 30-100 mm.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electric heating device may be an electric heating device composed of a silicon carbide rod and a silicon carbide rod heating power source, and the steel inner shell is heated by heat conduction; wherein, the silicon carbon rod is tightly attached to the inner shell of the steel body, and the silicon carbon rod heating power supply is arranged outside the furnace and is connected with the silicon carbon rod through a power line; the outer side of the silicon carbide rod (namely the part close to the furnace body shell) is a first heat insulation layer built by heat insulation materials; the thickness of the first heat insulation layer is 30-150mm, and the heat insulation material can be aluminum silicate fiber cotton or magnesium aluminum material and the like.
The electric heating device can also consist of an induction coil and an induction heating power supply, the inner shell of the steel body is heated in an electromagnetic induction mode, and the induction heating power supply is placed outside the furnace and connected with the induction coil through a power line; in order to prevent the induction heating coil from being damaged due to overhigh temperature, a second heat-insulating layer made of heat-insulating materials can be used between the induction heating coil and the steel inner shell; the heat-insulating material can be aluminum silicate fiber cotton or magnesium aluminum material and the like, and the thickness of the second heat-insulating layer is preferably 30-150 mm; wherein, the induction coil is used for heating the steel body inner shell, if necessary, the steel body can be heated to more than 1100 ℃ and even close to the solidus temperature of the steel body (low carbon steel 1495 ℃), and preferably, a second heat-conducting refractory layer made of heat-conducting refractory material is built on the inner side (namely close to the center of the furnace body) of the steel body inner shell, the heat-conducting refractory material has good heat-conducting performance, for example, the heat-conducting refractory material can be made of chromium-corundum material and the like, so that fine iron powder or other substances can be heated at higher temperature; the thickness of the second heat-conducting refractory layer is preferably 30-100 mm.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gas inlet is arranged in layers on the furnace wall, and the number of the layers is at least one, or multiple, preferably 2 to 5; wherein, the number of the gas input ports of each layer is preferably 3-9, and the gas input ports of the adjacent layers are arranged in a staggered manner from top to bottom; more preferably, the gas input port is arranged at the middle lower part of the furnace body.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the gas inlet can be provided with gas outlets only on the inner side of the furnace wall after traversing the furnace wall, or can traverse the furnace chamber through a gas transmission pipeline, wherein a plurality of uniformly distributed gas outlets can be arranged below the gas transmission pipeline.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the top of the furnace body is provided with an exhaust gas outlet. The waste gas generated by the direct reduction device for heating the fine iron powder by isolating air only contains CO and H2、CO2The mixed gas is the waste gas which is special for the device, the waste gas is particularly easy to treat and has full recovery value, the carbon dioxide is removed through the subsequent process (the most common technical scheme is a chemical solvent method), and pure CO is obtained2Has multiple uses, such as CO and H in mixed gas2Can be continuously recycled, and compared with the traditional steel production, the production cost can be greatly reduced, and the carbon emission can be reduced.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, a discharging device is arranged at the bottom of the furnace, a storage tank is connected below the discharging device for containing the reduction product (i.e. finished fine iron powder), and the discharging device is used for controlling the discharge of the finished fine iron powder of the reduction product in the furnace body.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cross section of the furnace body may also be a rectangular furnace body, and when the cross section of the furnace body is rectangular, the width of the short side of the rectangular furnace body is preferably less than or equal to 800 mm.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the steel inner shell may be made of mild steel, pure iron, high temperature alloy, etc., preferably mild steel; for reference, the thickness of the inner steel shell is preferably 30-250 mm; according to actual needs, those skilled in the art can adjust the thickness of the inner shell of the steel body accordingly, which are all known to those skilled in the art.
The direct reduction device for heating the refined iron powder by isolating air is used for ironmaking, and the heating and the reduction of the refined iron powder are respectively realized through two different paths:
the fine iron powder is heated by external heating isolated from air, fine iron powder or fine iron powder is made into pellets and added from the top of the furnace, the fine iron powder or the fine iron powder pellets continuously move downwards by self weight, the fine iron powder or the fine iron powder pellets are continuously heated to 830-plus 850 ℃ by the steel inner shell and the induction coil at high temperature in the moving process, the reducing mixed gas, methanol or water vapor is fed through the gas inlet of the furnace wall, the fine iron powder or the fine iron powder pellets continuously heated and heated to 830-plus 850 ℃ in the furnace body are heated and heated in the rising moving process in the furnace body, the fine iron powder or the fine iron powder pellets relatively move and meet to carry out reduction reaction, the falling movement of the fine iron powder or the fine iron powder pellets and the rising movement of the reducing gas accord with the natural law, the two objects can be fully contacted without the kinetic energy added by the system, and the efficiency of the contact and the reduction is very high.
The direct reduction device not only can be used for reducing fine iron powder and iron-containing mineral substances, but also can be used for reducing other oxidized substances, such as oxides of manganese, copper, nickel, chromium and the like, and can also be used for treating industrial waste powder, such as blast furnace dust, electric furnace dust and the like.
The direct reduction device of the invention greatly changes the modern steel production flow, saves the sintering and iron making processes and the converter steel making process, and simplifies the steel making production process, so that the carbon emission in steel production is lower, the energy is saved, and the production cost is lower.
The invention further provides a method for reducing the fine iron powder by using the direct reduction device for heating the fine iron powder by isolating air, which comprises the following steps:
starting an electric heating device in a furnace body to heat the inner shell of the steel body to be more than 1100 ℃;
(II) adding fine iron powder (or fine iron powder pellets) into the charging bucket, and opening a feeding device to enable the fine iron powder to enter the furnace body through a storage bin; under the action of gravity, fine iron powder or fine iron powder pellets descend from the top to the bottom of the furnaceThe steel body inner shell and the induction coil are used for continuously heating in the descending process; at the same time, the reducing gas or methanol is input into the furnace body through the gas input port and is cracked into CO + H2A constituent mixed reducing gas; in the process that the mixed reducing gas rises and moves in the hearth, the high-temperature hearth continuously heats the mixed reducing gas, and the mixed reducing gas and fine iron powder which descends from the top of the hearth and is continuously heated to 830-850 ℃ relatively move and meet to carry out efficient reduction reaction; methanol is converted into gas at 65 ℃, and the methanol is converted into CO in the rising process of the methanol gas2CO and H2As the gas rises, the temperature of the methanol gas also gradually rises, with the gas composition of CO2Gradually decreases to CO and H2The reducing gas is mainly composed and meets the heated fine iron powder to carry out reduction reaction;
or, mixing and adding fine iron powder (or fine iron powder pellets) and the dry distillation carbon from the top of the furnace, continuously moving downwards by means of dead weight, and continuously heating the fine iron powder to 830-850 ℃ by using the high-temperature steel inner shell and the induction coil in the moving process; steam is fed through the gas inlet, and the steam rises in the furnace (the steel body heats the steam continuously) and moves relatively to the dry distillation carbon falling from the top of the furnace in the furnace and meets the dry distillation carbon to generate a famous water gas reaction to generate CO + H2(with a minor amount of CO2CO at higher temperature2The lower the content), the reduction reaction is carried out between the reduction mixed gas and the iron concentrate powder around the reduction mixed gas; in the high-temperature state: the water vapor reacts with the burning carbon as follows:
C+H2O(g)＝CO+H2
C+2H2O(g)＝CO2+2H2
(III) the product after the reduction reaction enters the furnace bottom and is discharged into a storage tank through a discharging device arranged at the bottom end of the furnace bottom.
The reducing gas in the present invention is mainly composed of CO + H2Composition is carried out; feeding the mixture into the furnace through a gas inlet on the furnace wall; there are two types of reducing gases fed into the furnace: one is that the waste gas from the device is removedCO2The other is CO + H produced outside the system2A constituent mixed reducing gas; the reducing gas raw materials fed into the furnace mainly comprise two types, one is that methanol is directly fed into the furnace and is cracked into CO + H by using the high temperature in the furnace2The other is to feed steam into the furnace, the corresponding raw material is the mixture of fine iron powder and dry distillation carbon, and the steam and the dry distillation carbon undergo the famous 'water gas' reaction to produce CO + H2Mainly a mixed reducing gas.
Wherein, furnace roof waste gas is got rid of through waste gas delivery outlet, and waste gas is the unique, full value gas that easy to handle, can return to use of this system.
Currently, the methanol cracking process is used industrially for the production of CO and H2The reducing gas needs to be provided with a professional cracking device, and under the condition of high temperature, a special catalyst is used for cracking, so that the investment for producing the reducing gas is large, the energy consumption is high, and the production cost is high; the direct reduction device of the invention is adopted to directly send methanol into the furnace, and the methanol is directly cracked into CO and H under the high-temperature environment in the furnace2Mainly reducing gas, and the production cost of the reducing gas is low. Reducing gas CO + H2Can also be obtained by reacting steam with scorching carbon at high temperature to produce CO + H2The production cost of the reducing gas is lower by mixing the reducing gas.
By adopting the direct reduction device, the heating and the reduction of the fine iron powder are respectively two different paths, the descending of the fine iron powder is contacted with the ascending of the reducing gas to accord with the natural law, thereby using CO + H2The mixed gas and the fine iron powder heated to 830-850 ℃ can be efficiently reduced, and the device has high reduction efficiency, low energy consumption and high product quality.
The direct reduction device adopting the invention has the following unique characteristics:
a. the heating temperature is high, the electric heating is convenient to adjust and control, and the steel body inner shell can be heated to over 1100 ℃ or even close to the solidus temperature of the steel body; the induction heating can also directly heat Fe in the iron concentrate3O4。
b. The unique waste gas of the system is easy to treat and has full recovery value. CO removal from exhaust gas2Post CO + H2The mixed gas can be continuously recycled, CO2It also has very high commercial value. The system has very low carbon emission and no other waste is produced.
c. The reduction product is simple substance iron instead of blast furnace pig iron, and the simple substance iron has wide application: the simple substance iron is an electromagnetic raw material, the simple substance iron is used for producing steel, the production process can be greatly simplified, and the alloy steel only needs to be blended.
d. Directly cracking methanol into CO + H by using high-temperature waste heat in the furnace2The cost for producing the reducing gas is low.
e. In the absence of air, water vapor (H)2Reaction of O) with dry distilled carbon (C) to produce CO + H2The mixed reducing gas has lower cost and opens up an important way for direct reduction and large-scale industrial production.
The invention can also be used for the treatment of other nonferrous metallurgical industries and dust wastes. Other industries such as reduction of copper oxide, reduction of vanadium slag to vanadium iron, reduction of nickel ore, reduction of manganese ore, and waste dust disposal can all use the apparatus of the present invention.
The product produced by the direct reduction device of the invention contains very low carbon (the carbon content of pig iron produced by the traditional high-iron ironmaking process is about 4 percent) and is elementary iron.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is one of the cross-sectional views a-a of fig. 1 (rectangular steel inner shell, electrical heating means being silicon carbide rods).
Fig. 3 is a second cross-sectional view (circular steel inner shell, electric heating means being induction coil) taken along line a-a of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a second cross-sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 1 (inner shell of circular steel body, induction coil as electric heating device, and solid steel body in the center of furnace body).
Description of reference numerals: 1. charging bucket, 2, feed bin, 3, feeding device, 4, waste gas delivery outlet, 5, gas input port, 51, the gas outlet, 6, the steel body inner shell, 7, the first heat preservation of insulating, 8, electric heater unit, 9, fine iron powder, 10, the stove bottom, 11, finished product fine iron powder, 12, discharging device, 13, the discharging pipe, 14, the holding vessel, 15, the base, 16, the solid steel body, 17, first heat conduction flame retardant coating, 18, the second heat conduction flame retardant coating, 19, the heat insulation layer of second.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the direct reduction device for heating iron concentrate powder by isolating air comprises a furnace body, a charging bucket 1, a storage bin 2, a feeding device 3, a discharging device 12 and a base 15; wherein, a charging bucket 1, a storage bin 2 and a feeding device 3 are sequentially arranged at the top of the furnace body from top to bottom; the bottom end of the furnace body (namely the furnace bottom 10) is supported on a base 15, and the lower end of the furnace bottom 10 is provided with a discharging device 12; wherein, the inner bore of the furnace body is a steel inner shell 6, and the thickness of the steel inner shell 6 can be 30-250 mm; an electric heating device 8 is arranged on the outer side of the steel body inner shell 6; at least one layer of gas inlet 5 penetrating through the furnace wall from outside to inside is arranged on the inner wall of the furnace body.
Referring to fig. 2, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cross section of the furnace body is rectangular; the electric heating device 8 consists of a silicon-carbon rod and a silicon-carbon rod heating power supply, wherein the silicon-carbon rod is tightly attached to the steel inner shell 6, and the silicon-carbon rod heating power supply is arranged outside the furnace and is connected with the silicon-carbon rod through a power line; a first heat insulation layer 7 made of heat insulation materials is arranged on the outer side of the silicon carbide rod (facing the direction of the furnace body shell); the thickness of the first thermal insulation layer 7 may be 30-150 mm.
Referring to fig. 3, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cross section of the furnace body is circular; the electric heating device 8 consists of an induction coil and an induction heating power supply, and the induction heating power supply is placed outside the furnace and is connected with the induction coil through an electric wire; wherein, a second heat insulation layer 19 made of heat insulation materials is arranged between the induction coil and the steel body inner shell 6; the thickness of the second heat insulating layer 19 may be 30-150 mm.
Referring to fig. 4, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a solid steel body 16 is disposed at the center of the circular furnace body; the solid steel body 16 is heated by the induction coil to raise the temperature, so that the hearth becomes an annular hearth; the inner steel body shell 6 and the solid steel body 16 are heated by the induction coil to a temperature above 1100 ℃ or even close to the solidus temperature of the steel body, and at this time, the inner side of the inner steel body shell (i.e. the direction of the inner steel body shell close to the center of the furnace body) and the outer side of the solid steel body are preferably built with a first heat-conducting fire-resistant layer 17 and a second heat-conducting fire-resistant layer 18 which are made of heat-conducting fire-resistant materials with the thickness of 30-100mm, and the heat-conducting fire-resistant materials have good heat-conducting performance, such as chromium corundum, so that fine iron powder or other substances can be heated at higher temperature.
In the specific implementation process, the steel inner shell 6 can be divided into an upper section and a lower section, and the number of the corresponding induction heating devices can be two: the upper section is a heating section which is responsible for heating the fine iron powder or the iron-carbon mixture to the reduction temperature of 830-850 ℃; the lower section is a reduction section, and the function of the lower section is responsible for converting the reducing gas raw material into CO + H when the reducing gas raw material is conveyed into the furnace besides reduction2The exhaust gas outlet 4 may also be placed above the lower section.
The inner steel shell 6 is heated by a silicon-carbon rod or an induction heating device, the high-temperature inner steel shell 6 is used for heating the fine iron powder, the fine iron powder is continuously heated by the inner steel shell 6 in the process that the fine iron powder descends by means of gravity after the fine iron powder is added from the top of the furnace, and the temperature of the fine iron powder in the furnace can be controlled within the range of 830 plus 850 ℃ by controlling the feeding amount of the top of the furnace, the discharging amount of the bottom of the furnace, the gas pressure of the top of the furnace and the temperature of the low-carbon steel body.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gas inlet 5 may be provided in multiple layers, each layer having 3 to 9 inlets; the gas input ports 5 of the adjacent layers are arranged in a staggered manner from top to bottom; the gas input port 5 can be provided with gas outlets only on the inner side of the furnace wall, or can cross the hearth through a gas transmission pipeline, wherein a plurality of gas outlets 51 can be uniformly arranged below the gas transmission pipeline; the gas input port 5 is preferably arranged at the middle lower part of the furnace body and consists of CO and H2The formed reducing mixed gas enters the furnace through the gas inlet 5 and is uniformly distributed on the cross section of the furnace body, and along with the rising of the gas, the gas is continuously heated and is mixed with the gasThe fine iron powder heated to 830-850 ℃ in the furnace meets the reduction reaction.
Referring to fig. 1, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a waste gas outlet 4 is provided at the top of the furnace body; the waste gas in the furnace is discharged through the waste gas outlet 4, and the waste gas generated by the device is the full-value gas which is easy to treat and can be returned for use.
Referring to fig. 1, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a storage tank 14 is connected below the discharging device 12, by which the discharge of the reduction product in the furnace body can be controlled.
The invention further provides a method for reducing the iron concentrate powder by using the direct reduction device for heating the iron concentrate powder by isolating air, which comprises the following steps:
starting an electric heating device 8 in a furnace body, and heating a steel body inner shell 6 to over 1100 ℃;
(II) adding fine iron powder (or fine iron powder pellets) into the charging bucket 1, and opening the feeding device 3 to enable the fine iron powder or the fine iron powder pellets to enter the furnace body through the storage bin 2; under the action of gravity, fine iron powder or fine iron powder pellets descend from the furnace top to the furnace bottom and are continuously heated by the steel inner shell 6 and the induction coil in the descending process; meanwhile, the reducing gas or the methanol is pressurized and then is input into the furnace body through a gas input port 5 to be cracked into CO + H2The mixed reducing gas of (1); the high-temperature hearth continuously heats the reducing gas in the process that the mixed reducing gas rises and moves in the hearth, and the reducing gas and the fine iron powder falling from the top of the hearth and continuously heated to 830-850 ℃ relatively move and meet to carry out efficient reduction reaction;
methanol is converted into CO in the ascending process2CO and H2The temperature of the methanol gas gradually rises along with the rise of the gas, and CO in the gas2Gradually decreases the gas composition to CO and H2Is a reducing gas with main composition and meets the heated fine iron powder to carry out reduction reaction.
Or, mixing and adding fine iron powder (or fine iron powder pellets) and the dry distillation carbon from the top of the furnace, continuously moving downwards by the dead weight, and in the moving process, heating the inner steel shell 6 and the induction wireThe ring is continuously heated (830 and 850 ℃), water vapor is fed through the gas inlet 5, the water vapor ascends in the furnace (the steel body continuously heats the water vapor) and relatively moves with the dry distillation carbon falling from the top of the furnace in the furnace and meets the dry distillation carbon to generate the famous water gas reaction, and CO + H is generated2(with a minor amount of CO2CO at higher temperature2The lower the content), the reduction reaction is carried out between the reduction mixed gas and the fine iron powder.
In the high-temperature state: the water vapor reacts with the scorching dry distillation carbon as follows:
C+H2O(g)＝CO+H2
C+2H2O(g)＝CO2+2H2
the higher the temperature, the CO in the furnace gas2The less the content.
(III) the products after the reduction reaction enter the furnace bottom 10 and are discharged into a storage tank 14 through a discharging device 12 arranged at the bottom end of the furnace bottom 10.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the device of the invention are as follows:
heating the fine iron powder in an air-isolated state, heating the steel inner shell 6 to over 1100 ℃ by using an induction heating coil or a silicon-carbon rod, and heating the fine iron powder by using the high-temperature steel inner shell 6 and the induction coil; the fine iron powder is added from the top of the shaft furnace and discharged from a discharging device 12 at the bottom of the shaft furnace, and the fine iron powder is continuously heated to 830-850 ℃ by the high-temperature steel inner shell 6 and the induction coil in the descending process of the fine iron powder by means of gravity.
From CO and H2The mixed gas is sent into the furnace from the gas input port 5, the gas is continuously heated along with the rising of the gas and is subjected to reduction reaction with the fine iron powder with the temperature of 830-850 ℃, and the gas input port 5 can be arranged in one layer or a plurality of layers. The gas input ports of the adjacent layers are arranged up and down in a staggered manner.
The direct reduction device can also directly send the methanol into the furnace to be directly cracked into CO and H in the high-temperature furnace body2The main reducing gas meets the heated fine iron powder for reduction reaction. The direct reduction device of the invention can also be adoptedThe water vapor is directly fed into the furnace, the iron-containing raw materials fed into the furnace are fine iron powder (or fine iron powder pellets) and dry distillation carbon, and the water vapor and the scorching carbon generate CO + H under the high-temperature state2The mixed reducing gas and the fine iron powder are subjected to reduction reaction.
The heating and reduction of the fine iron powder are respectively two different paths: on the one hand, the fine iron powder is heated to 830-850 ℃ and is separated from CO + H2The mixed gas is subjected to reduction reaction, the reduction efficiency is high, and the reduced fine iron powder can enter the storage tank 14 from the discharge device 12 of the discharge pipe 13 in a high-temperature state without cooling and is sent to the next procedure for direct use, so that a large amount of energy can be saved to reduce the cost.
Claims (10)
1. A direct reduction device for heating iron concentrate powder by isolating air comprises a furnace body, a charging bucket (1), a storage bin (2), a feeding device (3), a discharging device (12) and a base (15); wherein, a charging bucket (1), a storage bin (2) and a feeding device (3) are sequentially arranged at the top of the furnace body from top to bottom; the bottom end of the furnace body is supported on a base (15), and the bottom end of the furnace body is provided with a discharging device (12); the furnace is characterized in that the inner bore of the furnace body is a steel inner shell (6), and an electric heating device (8) is arranged on the outer side of the steel inner shell (6); the furnace wall of the furnace body is provided with a gas inlet (5).
2. The direct reduction device for heating iron concentrate powder by insulating air according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric heating device (8) is composed of a silicon carbide rod and a silicon carbide rod heating power supply, wherein the silicon carbide rod is tightly attached to the steel inner shell (6), and the silicon carbide rod heating power supply is arranged outside the furnace and connected with the silicon carbide rod through a power line; the outer side of the silicon carbide rod is provided with a first heat insulation layer (7) made of heat insulation materials;
or the electric heating device (8) consists of an induction coil and an induction heating power supply, and the induction heating power supply is placed outside the furnace and is connected with the induction coil through a power line; wherein, a second heat insulation layer (19) made of heat insulation materials is arranged between the induction heating coil and the steel body inner shell (6);
preferably, the thickness of the first heat insulating layer (7) or the second heat insulating layer (19) is 30-150 mm.
3. The direct reduction apparatus for heating iron concentrate in an air-insulated manner according to claim 1, wherein the gas inlets (5) are arranged in layers on the furnace wall, the number of the layers is one or more, and the gas inlets (5) of adjacent layers are arranged in a staggered manner from top to bottom; preferably, the gas input ports (5) are arranged at the middle lower part of the furnace body, and the number of the gas input ports on each layer is 3-9.
4. The direct reduction apparatus for air-insulated heating of fine iron powder according to claim 1, wherein a solid steel body (16) is provided at the center of the furnace body, and a first heat-conductive refractory layer (17) composed of a heat-conductive refractory material is provided at the outer periphery of the solid steel body (16); preferably, the thickness of the first heat-conducting refractory layer (17) is 30-100 mm.
5. An air insulated direct reduction unit for heating fine iron powder according to claim 1, characterized in that a second heat conducting refractory layer (18) consisting of heat conducting refractory material is arranged on the inner side of the inner steel shell (6); preferably, the thickness of the second heat-conducting refractory layer (18) is 30-100 mm.
6. The direct reduction plant for heating refined iron powder isolated from air according to claim 1, characterized in that said feeding device (3) or discharging device (12) is a gate valve or a screw feeder.
7. The direct reduction apparatus for heating refined iron powder by isolating air according to claim 1, wherein a waste gas outlet (4) is provided at the top of the furnace body; the lower end of the furnace bottom (10) is provided with a discharging device (12), and a storage tank (14) is connected below the discharging device (12).
8. The direct reduction apparatus for heating refined iron powder by insulating air according to claim 1, wherein the cross section of said furnace body is rectangular or circular; preferably, when the cross section of the furnace body is rectangular, the width of the short side of the rectangular furnace body is less than or equal to 800 mm.
9. A method for reducing fine iron powder using the direct reduction apparatus for heating fine iron powder without air according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
starting an electric heating device (8) to heat the steel inner shell (6) to over 1100 ℃;
(II) adding fine iron powder or fine iron powder pellets into the charging bucket (1), and opening the feeding device (3) to enable the fine iron powder to enter the furnace body through the storage bin (2); under the action of gravity, the fine iron powder descends from the furnace top to the furnace bottom and is continuously heated by the steel inner shell (6) or the electric heating device (8) in the descending process; simultaneously, CO + H2The formed mixed reducing gas is input into the furnace body through the gas input port (5), or the methanol is input into the furnace body through the gas input port (5) and is cracked into CO + H2The mixed reducing gas of (1); the mixed reducing gas is continuously heated when rising and moving in the hearth, and relatively moves and meets with fine iron powder falling from the top of the furnace and continuously heated to 830-850 ℃ in the hearth for reduction reaction;
or, mixing and adding fine iron powder or fine iron powder pellets and the dry distillation carbon from the top of the furnace, continuously moving downwards by means of dead weight, and continuously heating to 830-850 ℃ in the process of downward movement; steam is input into the furnace through the gas input port, and when the steam rises and moves in the furnace, the steam is continuously heated, and the steam and fine iron powder and dry distillation carbon which descend from the top of the furnace in the furnace relatively move and meet to generate water gas reaction, so that CO and H are mainly generated2And a small amount of CO2The formed reducing mixed gas and the iron concentrate powder are subjected to reduction reaction;
(III) the products after the reduction reaction enter the furnace bottom (10) and are discharged into a storage tank (14) through a discharging device (12) arranged at the bottom end of the furnace bottom (10).
10. A method according to claim 8, characterized in that the reducing gas, methanol or water vapour is pressurized and fed into the furnace through a gas inlet (5); the furnace top waste gas is discharged out of the furnace through a waste gas outlet (4).
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| CN201043182Y (en) * | 2007-06-06 | 2008-04-02 | 王东海 | Electrical heated equipment for direct reduction of sponge iron |
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