CN114380285B - Carbon aerogel material with synergistic enhancement of one-dimensional biological carbon and two-dimensional biological carbon, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Carbon aerogel material with synergistic enhancement of one-dimensional biological carbon and two-dimensional biological carbon, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 239000004966 Carbon aerogel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
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- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 241000218069 Kokia Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 description 3
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004965 Silica aerogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000001058 Sterculia urens Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015125 Sterculia urens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/0091—Preparation of aerogels, e.g. xerogels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/182—Graphene
- C01B32/194—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/354—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/38—Fibrous materials; Whiskers
- C04B14/386—Carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B30/00—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders
- C04B30/02—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders containing fibrous materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a carbon aerogel material with synergistic enhancement of one-dimensional and two-dimensional biochar, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein a one-dimensional and two-dimensional biochar-based precursor is treated for standby; mixing glucose solution and molten paraffin, emulsifying to obtain oil-in-water emulsion, adding one-dimensional and two-dimensional biological carbon-based precursors, acrylamide, methylene bisacrylamide and ammonium persulfate, and freeze-drying to obtain a carbon aerogel material precursor at 300-600 ℃; finally, the carbon aerogel material precursor and the potassium hydroxide solution are mixed and evaporated to dryness, and then carbonized at a high temperature of 700-900 ℃ to obtain the one-dimensional and two-dimensional biological carbon reinforced carbon aerogel material. According to the invention, the carbon aerogel material is doped with the one-dimensional biological carbon and the two-dimensional biological carbon in situ, so that the mechanical strength of the carbon aerogel material can be improved, the conductivity of the carbon aerogel material can be improved, and the electrochemical performance, the adsorption performance and the catalytic performance of the carbon aerogel material can be further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of carbon materials, and particularly relates to a carbon aerogel material with one-dimensional and two-dimensional biological carbon synergistically enhanced, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The carbon aerogel material is a novel carbon material, and has rich nanoscale pore diameter and high specific surface area (600-1100 m 2 And/g), high conductivity, stable physical and chemical properties, controllable structure, easy doping and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of adsorption, energy storage, conversion, heat insulation, aerospace and the like.
Since the discovery of aerogels from the beginning of the 30 s of the 20 th century, a variety of ultra-light porous materials have been prepared, such as silica aerogel, metal foam, CNT aerogel, etc., and carbon aerogel materials are considered ideal energy storage materials, catalysts, catalyst supports, chemisorbers, thermal insulators, soundproofing materials, etc. because of their advantages of controllable pore size, low density, good electrical conductivity, low thermal conductivity, etc.
Because of its unique pore structure and its properties, carbon aerogel materials have been one of the popular fields of research in recent years, particularly in the field of lithium secondary batteries, and some applications and advances have been made in recent years. Such as: (1) The carbon aerogel material and the composite material thereof can be used as a carrier of an electrocatalyst in a battery or can be directly used as a catalyst in an electrochemical process, and because of the special structure of the carbon aerogel material and the composite material thereof, metal particles can be uniformly dispersed, the electrochemical effective surface area, the catalytic activity and the performance of a fuel cell of the catalyst are improved, and meanwhile, the application of the carbon aerogel material and the composite material can reduce the cost and improve the utilization rate and the catalytic activity of the catalyst. (2) The carbon aerogel material can be directly used as an electrode material of a lithium sulfur battery, has higher conductivity, and meanwhile, holes are rich, the specific surface area is large, so that sulfur of the lithium sulfur battery in the charge and discharge process is not easy to dissolve, and the cycle performance of the battery is improved. (3) The carbon aerogel material has the characteristic of easy compounding, can be further doped with the carbon material, and the carbon particles can further enrich the internal structure of the carbon aerogel material while improving the conductivity and the physical strength of the carbon aerogel material, so that a conductive frame is formed, and the electrochemical performance of the material is improved.
Although carbon aerogel materials possess many advantages, their structure and performance can be further improved when used in certain specific applications. When the carbon aerogel is used as an electrode material, particularly as an electrode material of a lithium sulfur battery, the inherent problem of large pore diameter of the carbon aerogel still can influence the adsorption of polysulfide when the carbon aerogel is used as an electrode material carrier of the battery such as the lithium sulfur battery, and the performance stability of the lithium sulfur battery in high cycle can not be ensured; secondly the conductivity of the carbon aerogel material itself also plays a decisive role in the cycle performance of the cell. In addition, the traditional manufacturing method of the carbon aerogel material is complex, and toxic aldehyde substances are used in the manufacturing process, so that the preparation method of the carbon aerogel material is further improved, the performance of the carbon aerogel material is improved, and the application expansion of the carbon aerogel material in the fields of batteries and the like is particularly important.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of complex manufacturing process, small specific surface area and poor conductivity of the existing carbon aerogel material, the invention aims to provide the carbon aerogel material with one-dimensional and two-dimensional biochar synergistically enhanced, and the preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a carbon aerogel material with synergistic enhancement of one-dimensional and two-dimensional biological carbon comprises the following steps:
(1) Washing a one-dimensional biochar-based precursor and a two-dimensional biochar-based precursor with water, pickling, washing with water, and drying for later use;
(2) Uniformly mixing a glucose aqueous solution and molten paraffin, emulsifying to obtain an oil-in-water emulsion, adding the one-dimensional biochar-based precursor and the two-dimensional biochar-based precursor which are prepared in the step (1), adding acrylamide, methylene bisacrylamide and ammonium persulfate to obtain a composite hydrogel, and performing pre-carbonization at 300-600 ℃ after freeze drying to obtain a carbon aerogel material precursor;
(3) Uniformly mixing the carbon aerogel material precursor obtained in the step (2) with a potassium hydroxide solution, evaporating to dryness, and carbonizing at a high temperature of 700-900 ℃ to obtain the carbon aerogel material with the synergistic enhancement of the one-dimensional biological carbon and the two-dimensional biological carbon.
Preferably, in the step (1), the one-dimensional biochar-based precursor is selected from at least one of absorbent cotton, karaya wadding and cattail wool; the two-dimensional biochar-based precursor is selected from at least one of peanut shells, hibiscus flower petals and magnolia flower petals.
Preferably, in the step (1), the one-dimensional biochar-based precursor and the two-dimensional biochar-based precursor are firstly washed by deionized water, then soaked in 30-35 wt% hydrochloric acid or 10-30 wt% nitric acid for 8-12 hours, then washed to be neutral by ionized water, and finally dried at 60-100 ℃ for standby.
Preferably, in step (2), the step of preparing the composition comprises the steps of: paraffin=3 to 5:1, uniformly mixing at 70 ℃, wherein the total addition amount of the one-dimensional biochar-based precursor and the two-dimensional biochar-based precursor is 10-50 wt% of glucose; the mass ratio of the acrylamide to the methylene bisacrylamide to the ammonium persulfate to the glucose is 9:1:2:30.
more preferably, in the step (2), the mass ratio of the one-dimensional biochar-based precursor to the two-dimensional biochar-based precursor is 1:1 to 3.
Preferably, in step (3), the method comprises the steps of: carbon aerogel material precursor = 2-5: 1 is immersed for 12 hours at the temperature of 100-150 ℃, then carbonized for 2-4 hours at the high temperature of 700-900 ℃, and then washed with dilute hydrochloric acid and water until neutral, thus obtaining the one-dimensional and two-dimensional biological carbon reinforced carbon aerogel material.
The invention also provides the carbon aerogel material with the synergistic enhancement of the one-dimensional and two-dimensional biochar prepared by the preparation method.
The invention also provides application of the carbon aerogel material with the one-dimensional and two-dimensional biochar synergistic enhancement, and the carbon aerogel material is used for preparing a lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material.
The inventor finds that the dimension of one-dimensional biochar (such as carbon micro-tube and carbon fiber material) is small, the mutual contact between the carbon micro-tube or carbon fiber material is less, the effective transmission of electrons in the whole linear network is not facilitated, the one-dimensional biochar (such as carbon micro-tube and carbon fiber material) and the two-dimensional biochar (such as graphene-like material) are commonly and in-situ doped in the carbon aerogel material, after the two-dimensional biochar material is added, the physical contact between the one-dimensional biochar and the two-dimensional biochar (graphene-like material) is effectively enhanced, and a three-dimensional space conductive network with good contact is formed, so that the conductivity of the whole composite material is effectively improved, and meanwhile, the mechanical property of the carbon aerogel material can be improved based on the excellent mechanical property of the carbon aerogel material.
The one-dimensional biochar and the two-dimensional biochar formed in the invention can form a large number of hydrophilic groups on the surface after being subjected to acid treatment in the early stage, so that the hydrophilic groups are tightly combined with the prepared hydrogel, the interface between the one-dimensional and two-dimensional biochar materials and the carbon aerogel in the carbonization process can be effectively weakened, and the transfer of electrons and ions in the carbon wall is facilitated. In addition, the carbon aerogel prepared by adopting glucose as a carbon source is hard carbon, and has poor conductivity. The one-dimensional and two-dimensional precursor materials can be effectively graphitized in the carbonization process, so that the conductivity of the carbon aerogel material is improved.
The invention relates to a carbon aerogel material with synergistic enhancement of one-dimensional and two-dimensional biological carbon, which is realized by emulsifying a water phase taking glucose as a raw material and an oil phase taking paraffin as a raw material, adding a gel and a catalyst to form hydrogel, freeze-drying to obtain an organic aerogel, pre-carbonizing at 300-600 ℃ to remove the oil phase, finally adding potassium hydroxide to perform heat preservation and pore forming treatment at 700-900 ℃, wherein a large number of micropores are formed on the carbon wall of the carbon aerogel, so that the carbon wall can be thinned on one hand, and conductive particle transmission is facilitated; on the other hand, for lithium sulfur batteries, these micropores can effectively store sulfur and polysulfide and effectively adsorb them, thereby improving the cycling stability of the sulfur positive electrode.
When the carbon aerogel material prepared by the invention is used as a lithium sulfur battery anode modified material:
1. the specific surface area of the carbon aerogel material is large, and simultaneously the doped activated carbon materials (one-dimensional biochar and two-dimensional biochar) can form a conductive framework in the carbon aerogel material, so that the volume expansion of active substances of the lithium sulfur battery in the reaction process can be accommodated;
2. the carbon aerogel material has a catalytic effect, so that the reaction speed of the lithium-sulfur battery in a shuttle effect in the charge-discharge process can be increased, and the loss of active substances can be reduced;
3. the doped active carbon material has a large amount of oxygen-containing functional groups, and the invention utilizes the polar adsorption effect of the oxygen-containing functional groups on polysulfide in the lithium sulfur battery to improve the performance of the lithium sulfur battery.
Based on the reasons, the lithium sulfur battery prepared by the invention has excellent cycle performance and specific capacity, and is expected to be widely applied to the field of lithium sulfur batteries.
According to the invention, glucose and paraffin are used as raw materials, a carbon aerogel material prepared by a trans-emulsion polymerization method is used as a carrier, and a one-dimensional biological carbon-based precursor and a two-dimensional biological carbon-based precursor are doped simultaneously, so that the one-dimensional and two-dimensional biological carbon-reinforced carbon aerogel material is obtained. According to the preparation method, the biochar precursors are not required to be carbonized and then added into the hydrogel, so that the influence on a large amount of loss and impurities in the carbonization process of the first-dimension and second-dimension biochar precursor materials is reduced, and the interface effect between the formed first-dimension and second-dimension biochar materials and the carbon aerogel is also weakened. The doped one-dimensional and two-dimensional biological carbon material not only can improve the conductivity of the carbon aerogel material, but also can improve the adsorption performance and the catalytic performance, various structures are formed in the carbon aerogel material, and the conductive framework is formed while the mechanical strength of the material is improved, so that the service performance of the carbon aerogel material is greatly improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) According to the carbon aerogel material with the synergistic enhancement of the first-dimension biological carbon and the second-dimension biological carbon, the one-dimension biological carbon (such as a carbon micron tube and a carbon fiber material) and the two-dimension biological carbon (such as a graphene-like material) are jointly doped in situ, so that the mechanical strength of the carbon aerogel material can be improved, the conductivity of the carbon aerogel material can be improved, and the electrochemical performance, the adsorption performance and the catalytic performance of the carbon aerogel material are further improved.
(2) The carbon aerogel material with the synergistic enhancement of the first-dimension biological carbon and the second-dimension biological carbon takes micropores as the main material and mesopores as the auxiliary material, a large number of micron-sized holes are distributed on the surfaces of particles, the material has extremely high porosity and specific surface area, is favorable for the adsorption of polysulfide, and can also play a role in relieving the volume expansion which is inevitably generated by the electrode material, so that the cycle performance of the battery is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing pore size distribution of a carbon aerogel material having synergistic enhancement of biochar in one or two dimensions prepared in example 3;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the nitrogen adsorption and desorption of the carbon aerogel material obtained in example 3 and having one-dimensional and two-dimensional biochar synergistic enhancement.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to further illustrate the invention without limiting it.
Example 1
(1) Washing Firmiana tree seed and ground peanut shell with deionized water for 3 times, soaking in 30wt% hydrochloric acid for 10 hr, washing with ionized water to neutrality, and drying at 80deg.C;
(2) Taking 4g of paraffin and 0.56g of span 80 (span-80), and heating in a water bath kettle at 70 ℃ until the paraffin is completely dissolved into colorless transparent liquid to obtain molten paraffin; uniformly stirring 15g of glucose, 23.5ml of deionized water and 1.44g of Tween 80 (Tween-80), heating in a water bath kettle at 70 ℃ to obtain a glucose aqueous solution, slowly adding the glucose aqueous solution into molten paraffin, uniformly stirring, respectively adding 1g of phoenix tree cotton and 2g of peanut shells treated in the step (1), ultrasonically stirring at 70 ℃ for 1h, adding a gelling agent (acrylamide 4.5g and methylenebisacrylamide 0.5 g) and a catalyst (ammonium persulfate 1 g), preparing into a milky hydrogel, preserving heat at 70 ℃ for 30min, taking out, cutting the milky hydrogel into small flakes with the thickness of 1-3 mu m after the milky hydrogel is cooled to room temperature, freezing at-55 ℃ for 12h, vacuum drying for 48h, placing the freeze-dried sample into a porcelain boat, and heating up to 400 ℃ from room temperature at a speed of 5 ℃/min in a tubular furnace, and preserving heat in nitrogen atmosphere for 2h to obtain a carbon aerogel material precursor;
(3) Putting the carbon aerogel material precursor prepared in the step (2) into a culture dish, and according to the carbon aerogel material precursor: the mass ratio of potassium hydroxide is 1:3 adding potassium hydroxide in proportion, adding a certain amount of deionized water until the potassium hydroxide is completely dissolved, placing the mixture into a baking oven at 100 ℃ for heat preservation for 12 hours, scraping the potassium hydroxide and the carbon aerogel material into a porcelain boat together, starting at room temperature, keeping the temperature at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min until 800 ℃ for 3 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere, flushing the mixture with an excessive 3mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid solution until the sample is weak acidic after the sample is cooled to room temperature, carrying out suction filtration with deionized water until the sample is neutral, and then placing the mixture into a baking oven at 60 ℃ for drying to obtain the carbon aerogel material with enhanced synergistic effect of one-dimensional and two-dimensional biological carbon.
Example 2
(1) Washing absorbent cotton and ground peanut shells with deionized water for 3 times, respectively soaking in 30wt% hydrochloric acid for 10 hours, washing with ionized water to neutrality, and drying at 80deg.C for use;
(2) Taking 4g of paraffin and 0.56g of span 80 (span-80), and heating in a water bath kettle at 70 ℃ until the paraffin is completely dissolved into colorless transparent liquid to obtain molten paraffin; uniformly stirring 15g of glucose, 23.5ml of deionized water and 1.44g of Tween 80 (Tween-80) and heating in a water bath kettle at 70 ℃ to obtain a glucose aqueous solution, slowly adding the glucose aqueous solution into molten paraffin, uniformly stirring, respectively adding 1g of absorbent cotton and 2g of peanut shells treated in the step (1), ultrasonically stirring at 70 ℃ for 1h, adding a gelling agent (4.5 g of acrylamide and 0.5g of methylene bisacrylamide) and a catalyst (1 g of ammonium persulfate), preparing into a milky hydrogel, preserving heat at 70 ℃ for 30min, taking out, cutting the milky hydrogel into small flakes with the thickness of 1-3 mu m after the milky hydrogel is cooled to room temperature, freezing at-55 ℃ for 12h, vacuum drying for 48h, putting the freeze-dried sample into a porcelain boat, and heating up to 400 ℃ from room temperature at a speed of 5 ℃/min in a tubular furnace and preserving heat in nitrogen atmosphere for 2h to obtain a carbon aerogel material precursor;
(3) Putting the carbon aerogel material precursor prepared in the step (2) into a culture dish, and according to the carbon aerogel material precursor: the mass ratio of potassium hydroxide is 1:3 adding potassium hydroxide in proportion, adding a certain amount of deionized water until the potassium hydroxide is completely dissolved, placing the mixture into a baking oven at 100 ℃ for heat preservation for 12 hours, scraping the potassium hydroxide and the carbon aerogel material into a porcelain boat together, starting at room temperature, keeping the temperature at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min until 800 ℃ for 3 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere, flushing the mixture with an excessive 3mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid solution until the sample is weak acidic after the sample is cooled to room temperature, carrying out suction filtration with deionized water until the sample is neutral, and then placing the mixture into a baking oven at 60 ℃ for drying to obtain the carbon aerogel material with enhanced synergistic effect of one-dimensional and two-dimensional biological carbon.
Example 3
(1) Washing Firmiana tree cotton, absorbent cotton and ground peanut shells with deionized water for 3 times, respectively soaking in 30wt% hydrochloric acid for 10 hours, washing with ionized water to neutrality, and drying at 80deg.C for use;
(2) Taking 4g of paraffin and 0.56g of span 80 (span-80), and heating in a water bath kettle at 70 ℃ until the paraffin is completely dissolved into colorless transparent liquid to obtain molten paraffin; uniformly stirring 15g of glucose, 23.5ml of deionized water and 1.44g of Tween 80 (Tween-80), heating in a water bath kettle at 70 ℃ to obtain a glucose aqueous solution, slowly adding the glucose aqueous solution into molten paraffin, uniformly stirring, respectively adding 1g of phoenix tree cotton, 1g of absorbent cotton and 1g of peanut shell treated in the step (1), ultrasonically stirring at 70 ℃ for 1h, adding a gelling agent (acrylamide 4.5g and methylenebisacrylamide 0.5 g) and a catalyst (ammonium persulfate 1 g), preparing milky hydrogel, keeping the temperature at 70 ℃ for 30min, taking out the milky hydrogel, cutting the milky hydrogel into small pieces with the thickness of 1-3 mu m after the milky hydrogel is cooled to the room temperature, freezing at-55 ℃ for 12h, vacuum drying for 48h, placing the frozen and dried sample into a porcelain boat, and heating the car at the speed of 5 ℃/min to 400 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere for 2h to prepare a carbon aerogel precursor;
(3) Putting the carbon aerogel material precursor prepared in the step (2) into a culture dish, and according to the carbon aerogel material precursor: the mass ratio of potassium hydroxide is 1:3 adding potassium hydroxide in proportion, adding a certain amount of deionized water until the potassium hydroxide is completely dissolved, placing the mixture into a baking oven at 100 ℃ for heat preservation for 12 hours, scraping the potassium hydroxide and the carbon aerogel material into a porcelain boat together, starting at room temperature, keeping the temperature at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min until 800 ℃ for 3 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere, flushing the mixture with an excessive 3mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid solution until the sample is weak acidic after the sample is cooled to room temperature, carrying out suction filtration with deionized water until the sample is neutral, and then placing the mixture into a baking oven at 60 ℃ for drying to obtain the carbon aerogel material with enhanced synergistic effect of one-dimensional and two-dimensional biological carbon.
Example 4
(1) Washing Firmiana tree cotton, absorbent cotton and ground peanut shells with deionized water for 3 times, respectively soaking in 30wt% hydrochloric acid for 10 hours, washing with ionized water to neutrality, and drying at 80deg.C for use;
(2) Taking 4g of paraffin and 0.56g of span 80 (span-80), and heating in a water bath kettle at 70 ℃ until the paraffin is completely dissolved into colorless transparent liquid to obtain molten paraffin; uniformly stirring 15g of glucose, 23.5ml of deionized water and 1.44g of Tween 80 (Tween-80), heating in a water bath kettle at 70 ℃ to obtain a glucose aqueous solution, slowly adding the glucose aqueous solution into molten paraffin, uniformly stirring, respectively adding 1.25g of phoenix tree wadding, 1.25g of absorbent cotton and 5g of peanut shells treated in the step (1), ultrasonically stirring at 70 ℃ for 1h, adding a gelling agent (4.5 g of acrylamide and 0.5g of methylene bisacrylamide) and a catalyst (1 g of ammonium persulfate), preparing milky hydrogel, keeping the temperature at 70 ℃ for 30min, taking out, cutting the hydrogel into small sheets with the thickness of 1-3 mu m after the hydrogel is cooled to room temperature, freezing at-55 ℃ for 12h, vacuum drying for 48h, putting the frozen and dried sample into a porcelain boat, and heating up the porcelain boat at the speed of 5 ℃/min to 400 ℃ from room temperature by a tube furnace, and keeping the temperature for 2h in a nitrogen atmosphere to prepare a carbon aerogel material precursor;
(3) Putting the carbon aerogel material precursor prepared in the step (2) into a culture dish, and according to the carbon aerogel material precursor: the mass ratio of potassium hydroxide is 1:3 adding potassium hydroxide in proportion, adding a certain amount of deionized water until the potassium hydroxide is completely dissolved, placing the mixture into a baking oven at 100 ℃ for heat preservation for 12 hours, scraping the potassium hydroxide and the carbon aerogel material into a porcelain boat together, starting at room temperature, keeping the temperature at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min until 800 ℃ for 3 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere, flushing the mixture with an excessive 3mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid solution until the sample is weak acidic after the sample is cooled to room temperature, carrying out suction filtration with deionized water until the sample is neutral, and then placing the mixture into a baking oven at 60 ℃ for drying to obtain the carbon aerogel material with enhanced synergistic effect of one-dimensional and two-dimensional biological carbon.
Comparative example 1
(1) Taking 4g of paraffin and 0.56g of span 80 (span-80), and heating in a water bath kettle at 70 ℃ until the paraffin is completely dissolved into colorless transparent liquid to obtain molten paraffin; uniformly stirring 15g of glucose, 23.5ml of deionized water and 1.44g of Tween 80 (Tween-80), heating in a water bath kettle at 70 ℃ to obtain an aqueous glucose solution, slowly adding the aqueous glucose solution into molten paraffin, uniformly stirring at 70 ℃ for 1h by ultrasonic, adding a gel (4.5 g of acrylamide and 0.5g of methylene bisacrylamide) and a catalyst (1 g of ammonium persulfate) to prepare milky hydrogel, preserving heat at 70 ℃ for 30min, taking out the milky hydrogel, cutting the milky hydrogel into small flakes with the thickness of 1-3 mu m after the milky hydrogel is cooled to room temperature, freezing at-55 ℃ for 12h, vacuum drying for 48h, placing the frozen sample into a porcelain boat, heating up from room temperature to 400 ℃ by a tubular furnace at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2h in a nitrogen atmosphere to prepare a carbon aerogel material precursor;
(2) Putting the carbon aerogel material precursor prepared in the step (1) into a culture dish, and according to the carbon aerogel material precursor: the mass ratio of potassium hydroxide is 1:3 adding potassium hydroxide in proportion, adding a certain amount of deionized water until the potassium hydroxide is completely dissolved, placing the mixture into a baking oven at 100 ℃ for heat preservation for 12 hours, scraping the potassium hydroxide and the carbon aerogel material into a porcelain boat together, starting at room temperature, keeping the temperature at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min until the temperature is 800 ℃ for 3 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere, flushing the mixture with an excessive 3mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid solution until the sample is weak acidic after the sample is cooled to the room temperature, carrying out suction filtration with deionized water until the sample is neutral, and placing the mixture into a baking oven at 60 ℃ for drying to obtain the carbon aerogel material.
Comparative example 2
(1) Washing Firmiana tree seed with deionized water for 3 times, soaking in 30wt% hydrochloric acid for 10h, washing with ionized water to neutrality, and drying at 80deg.C;
(2) Taking 4g of paraffin and 0.56g of span 80 (span-80), and heating in a water bath kettle at 70 ℃ until the paraffin is completely dissolved into colorless transparent liquid to obtain molten paraffin; uniformly stirring 15g of glucose, 23.5ml of deionized water and 1.44g of Tween 80 (Tween-80) and heating in a water bath kettle at 70 ℃ to obtain a glucose aqueous solution, slowly adding the glucose aqueous solution into molten paraffin, uniformly stirring, respectively adding 3g of phoenix tree wadding treated in the step (1), ultrasonically stirring at 70 ℃ for 1h, adding a gel (4.5 g of acrylamide and 0.5g of methylene bisacrylamide) and a catalyst (1 g of ammonium persulfate), obtaining milky hydrogel, keeping the temperature at 70 ℃ for 30min, taking out the milky hydrogel, cutting the milky hydrogel into small pieces with the thickness of 1-3 mu m after the milky hydrogel is cooled to room temperature, freezing at-55 ℃ for 12h, vacuum drying for 48h, putting the frozen and dried sample into a porcelain boat, heating the porcelain boat at a speed of 5 ℃/min to 400 ℃ from room temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere by using a tubular furnace, and keeping the temperature for 2h to obtain a carbon aerogel material precursor;
(3) Putting the carbon aerogel material precursor prepared in the step (2) into a culture dish, and according to the carbon aerogel material precursor: the mass ratio of potassium hydroxide is 1:3 adding potassium hydroxide in proportion, adding a certain amount of deionized water until the potassium hydroxide is completely dissolved, placing the mixture into a baking oven at 100 ℃ for heat preservation for 12 hours, scraping the potassium hydroxide and the carbon aerogel material into a porcelain boat together, starting at room temperature, keeping the temperature at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min until 800 ℃ for 3 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere, flushing the mixture with an excessive 3mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid solution until the sample is weak acidic after the sample is cooled to room temperature, carrying out suction filtration with deionized water until the sample is neutral, and placing the mixture into a baking oven at 60 ℃ for drying to obtain the one-dimensional biological carbon reinforced carbon aerogel material.
Comparative example 3
(1) Washing ground peanut shells with deionized water for 3 times, soaking in 30wt% hydrochloric acid for 10 hours, washing with ionized water to neutrality, and drying at 80deg.C;
(2) Taking 4g of paraffin and 0.56g of span 80 (span-80), and heating in a water bath kettle at 70 ℃ until the paraffin is completely dissolved into colorless transparent liquid to obtain molten paraffin; uniformly stirring 15g of glucose, 23.5ml of deionized water and 1.44g of Tween 80 (Tween-80), heating in a water bath kettle at 70 ℃ to obtain a glucose aqueous solution, slowly adding the glucose aqueous solution into molten paraffin, uniformly stirring, respectively adding 3g of peanut shells treated in the step (1), ultrasonically stirring at 70 ℃ for 1h, adding a gel (4.5 g of acrylamide and 0.5g of methylene bisacrylamide) and a catalyst (1 g of ammonium persulfate), preparing a milky hydrogel, keeping the temperature at 70 ℃ for 30min, taking out the milky hydrogel, cutting the milky hydrogel into small flakes with the thickness of 1-3 mu m after the milky hydrogel is cooled to room temperature, freezing at-55 ℃ for 12h, vacuum drying for 48h, heating the frozen and dried sample in a porcelain boat at the speed of 5 ℃/min to 400 ℃ from room temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere, and keeping the temperature for 2h to obtain a carbon aerogel material precursor;
(3) Putting the carbon aerogel material precursor prepared in the step (2) into a culture dish, and according to the carbon aerogel material precursor: the mass ratio of potassium hydroxide is 1:3 adding potassium hydroxide in proportion, adding a certain amount of deionized water until the potassium hydroxide is completely dissolved, placing the mixture into a baking oven at 100 ℃ for heat preservation for 12 hours, scraping the potassium hydroxide and the carbon aerogel material into a porcelain boat together, starting at room temperature, keeping the temperature at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min until 800 ℃ for 3 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere, flushing the mixture with an excessive 3mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid solution until the sample is weak acidic after the sample is cooled to room temperature, carrying out suction filtration with deionized water until the sample is neutral, and placing the mixture into a baking oven at 60 ℃ for drying to obtain the two-dimensional biochar reinforced carbon aerogel material.
Comparative example 4
(1) Washing absorbent cotton with deionized water for 3 times, soaking in 30wt% hydrochloric acid for 10h, washing with ionized water to neutrality, and drying at 80deg.C;
(2) Taking 4g of paraffin and 0.56g of span 80 (span-80), and heating in a water bath kettle at 70 ℃ until the paraffin is completely dissolved into colorless transparent liquid to obtain molten paraffin; uniformly stirring 15g of glucose, 23.5ml of deionized water and 1.44g of Tween 80 (Tween-80), heating in a water bath kettle at 70 ℃ to obtain a glucose aqueous solution, slowly adding the glucose aqueous solution into molten paraffin, uniformly stirring, respectively adding 3g of absorbent cotton treated in the step (1), ultrasonically stirring at 70 ℃ for 1h, adding a gel (4.5 g of acrylamide and 0.5g of methylene bisacrylamide) and a catalyst (1 g of ammonium persulfate), preparing a milky hydrogel, keeping the temperature at 70 ℃ for 30min, taking out the milky hydrogel, cutting the milky hydrogel into small flakes with the thickness of 1-3 mu m after the milky hydrogel is cooled to room temperature, freezing at-55 ℃ for 12h, vacuum drying for 48h, heating the frozen and dried sample in a porcelain boat at the speed of 5 ℃/min to 400 ℃ from room temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere, and keeping the temperature for 2h to obtain a carbon aerogel material precursor;
(3) Putting the carbon aerogel material precursor prepared in the step (2) into a culture dish, and according to the carbon aerogel material precursor: the mass ratio of potassium hydroxide is 1:3 adding potassium hydroxide in proportion, adding a certain amount of deionized water until the potassium hydroxide is completely dissolved, placing the mixture into a baking oven at 100 ℃ for heat preservation for 12 hours, scraping the potassium hydroxide and the carbon aerogel material into a porcelain boat together, starting at room temperature, keeping the temperature at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min until 800 ℃ for 3 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere, flushing the mixture with an excessive 3mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid solution until the sample is weak acidic after the sample is cooled to room temperature, carrying out suction filtration with deionized water until the sample is neutral, and placing the mixture into a baking oven at 60 ℃ for drying to obtain the one-dimensional biological carbon reinforced carbon aerogel material.
Comparative example 5
(1) Washing Firmiana tree cotton and absorbent cotton with deionized water for 3 times, soaking in 30wt% hydrochloric acid for 10h, washing with ionized water to neutrality, and drying at 80deg.C;
(2) Taking 4g of paraffin and 0.56g of span 80 (span-80), and heating in a water bath kettle at 70 ℃ until the paraffin is completely dissolved into colorless transparent liquid to obtain molten paraffin; uniformly stirring 15g of glucose, 23.5ml of deionized water and 1.44g of Tween 80 (Tween-80), heating in a water bath kettle at 70 ℃ to obtain a glucose aqueous solution, slowly adding the glucose aqueous solution into molten paraffin, uniformly stirring, respectively adding 1.5g of phoenix tree wadding and 1.5g of absorbent cotton treated in the step (1), ultrasonically stirring at 70 ℃ for 1h, adding a gelling agent (4.5 g of acrylamide and 0.5g of methylene bisacrylamide) and a catalyst (1 g of ammonium persulfate), preparing milky hydrogel, keeping the temperature at 70 ℃ for 30min, taking out, cooling to room temperature, cutting the hydrogel into small sheets with the thickness of 1-3 mu m, freezing at-55 ℃ for 12h, vacuum drying for 48h, placing the freeze-dried sample into a porcelain boat, and heating from room temperature to 400 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min in a tubular furnace, keeping the temperature for 2h in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a carbon aerogel material precursor;
(3) Putting the carbon aerogel material precursor prepared in the step (2) into a culture dish, and according to the carbon aerogel material precursor: the mass ratio of potassium hydroxide is 1:3 adding potassium hydroxide in proportion, adding a certain amount of deionized water until the potassium hydroxide is completely dissolved, placing the mixture into a baking oven at 100 ℃ for heat preservation for 12 hours, scraping the potassium hydroxide and the carbon aerogel material into a porcelain boat together, starting at room temperature, keeping the temperature at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min until 800 ℃ for 3 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere, flushing the mixture with an excessive 3mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid solution until the sample is weak acidic after the sample is cooled to room temperature, carrying out suction filtration with deionized water until the sample is neutral, and placing the mixture into a baking oven at 60 ℃ for drying to obtain the one-dimensional biological carbon reinforced carbon aerogel material.
Preparation of a positive electrode material of a lithium-sulfur battery:
samples prepared in examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-5 and nano sulfur were taken respectively according to the carbon aerogel materials: the mass ratio of the nano sulfur is 3:7, grinding the mixture in a mortar, uniformly mixing the mixture, collecting the mixture into a reaction kettle, vacuumizing the reaction kettle, preserving the heat of the reaction kettle at 155 ℃ for 12 hours, and then mixing the product with a conductive agent (SuperP) and PVDF according to the following formula 7:2:1, mixing and transferring the mixture into a mortar to be ground uniformly, taking N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) as a dispersing agent, mixing the mixture together and transferring the mixture onto a magnetic stirrer to be stirred for 10 hours, flatly coating the mixed slurry on a carbon-coated aluminum foil on a coating machine, setting the coating height of a scraper to be 200 mu m, and finally drying the mixture at a constant temperature of 60 ℃ by using a vacuum drying box to obtain the required lithium sulfur battery anode material, wherein the performances of the required lithium sulfur battery anode material are shown in tables 1-3.
TABLE 1 Main relevant parameter Table for samples prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 5
As shown in Table 1, the samples prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 5 all have a higher specific surface area, and the present invention adopts the mode of in-situ co-doping of one-dimensional biochar and two-dimensional biochar, which is larger than that of comparative examples 1 to 5 which are undoped or single one-dimensional or two-dimensional doping.
The samples prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were cut into uniform-sized pole pieces using a cutter for use.
And assembling the prepared pole piece, battery shell, lithium piece, diaphragm electrolyte, gasket and shrapnel into a battery in a glove box in argon atmosphere. The separator used in the battery assembly was a polyolefin porous film having a high strength and a thin film, the electrolyte was a solution prepared by dissolving 1MLiTFSI in DOL: dme=1:1v and adding 2% lithium nitrate, and the separator was charged and discharged at a rate of 0.5C at 20 ℃ in a range of 1.7 to 2.8V, and the specific capacity after 100 times of charging and discharging was recorded, and the results are shown in table 2.
Table 2 the cycle properties of the samples prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 5 are shown
As shown in table 2, the carbon aerogel material with synergistic enhancement of biochar in one or two dimensions suppresses the shuttle effect and the volume expansion inherent in the lithium sulfur battery to a certain extent, improves the cycle performance of the battery, and the one-dimensional and two-dimensional co-doping modes of examples 1 to 4 have more obvious cycle performance improvement amplitude than the undoped or single one-dimensional or two-dimensional doping modes of comparative examples 1 to 5.
Four-probe resistance tests were performed on examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 5, and the results are shown in Table 3 below.
Table 3 four-probe resistance test results tables for the samples prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 5
As shown in Table 3, the carbon aerogel material with the synergistic enhancement of the biochar in one dimension and two dimensions has very excellent conductivity, wherein the resistance of the one-dimensional and two-dimensional in-situ co-doped examples 1-4 is lower than that of the undoped or single one-dimensional or two-dimensional in-situ doped comparative examples 1-5, and the conductivity can be obviously improved.
Claims (6)
1. The preparation method of the carbon aerogel material with the synergistic enhancement of the one-dimensional and two-dimensional biochar is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Washing a one-dimensional biochar-based precursor and a two-dimensional biochar-based precursor with water, pickling, washing with water, and drying for later use; the one-dimensional biochar-based precursor is selected from at least one of absorbent cotton, phoenix tree wadding and cattail wool; the two-dimensional biochar-based precursor is selected from at least one of peanut shells, hibiscus flower petals and magnolia flower petals;
(2) Uniformly mixing a glucose aqueous solution and molten paraffin, emulsifying to obtain an oil-in-water emulsion, adding the one-dimensional biochar-based precursor and the two-dimensional biochar-based precursor which are prepared in the step (1), adding acrylamide, methylene bisacrylamide and ammonium persulfate to obtain a composite hydrogel, and performing pre-carbonization at 300-600 ℃ after freeze drying to obtain a carbon aerogel material precursor; wherein, according to glucose: paraffin=3 to 5:1, uniformly mixing at 70 ℃, wherein the total addition amount of the one-dimensional biochar-based precursor and the two-dimensional biochar-based precursor is 10-50 wt% of glucose; the mass ratio of the acrylamide to the methylene bisacrylamide to the ammonium persulfate to the glucose is 9:1:2:30;
(3) And (3) uniformly mixing the carbon aerogel material precursor obtained in the step (2) with a potassium hydroxide solution, evaporating to dryness, and carbonizing at a high temperature of 700-900 ℃ to obtain the carbon aerogel material with the synergistic enhancement of the one-dimensional and two-dimensional biological carbon.
2. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the one-dimensional biochar-based precursor and the two-dimensional biochar-based precursor are firstly washed by deionized water, then soaked in 30-35 wt% hydrochloric acid or 10-30 wt% nitric acid for 8-12 hours, then washed to be neutral by ionized water, and finally dried at 60-100 ℃ for standby.
3. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), the mass ratio of the one-dimensional biochar-based precursor to the two-dimensional biochar-based precursor is 1: 1-3.
4. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), the following steps are carried out according to potassium hydroxide: carbon aerogel material precursor = 2-5: 1, soaking the carbon aerogel material at the mass ratio of 100-150 ℃ for 12-h, carbonizing the carbon aerogel material at the high temperature of 700-900 ℃ for 2-4 hours, and then washing the carbon aerogel material with dilute hydrochloric acid and washing the carbon aerogel material with water until the carbon aerogel material is neutral to obtain the one-dimensional and two-dimensional biological carbon reinforced carbon aerogel material.
5. A carbon aerogel material synergistically enhanced in one or two dimensions from biochar produced by the method of any one of claims 1-4.
6. The use of the carbon aerogel material of claim 5, wherein the carbon aerogel material is co-enhanced by biochar in one or more dimensions, wherein: it is used for preparing the positive electrode material of the lithium-sulfur battery.
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