CN114374199A - Energy storage system - Google Patents
Energy storage system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114374199A CN114374199A CN202210079234.4A CN202210079234A CN114374199A CN 114374199 A CN114374199 A CN 114374199A CN 202210079234 A CN202210079234 A CN 202210079234A CN 114374199 A CN114374199 A CN 114374199A
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 74
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 32
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
- H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
- H02J7/007194—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an energy storage system, which controls a corresponding battery unit and a current supply device connected to a direct current bus to form a path for converting and transmitting electric energy when the temperature of at least one battery unit is lower than a preset temperature; because the battery unit has certain internal resistance, joule heat can be generated on the internal resistance in the process of carrying out electric energy transmission with the current supply equipment, and the aim of heating the battery unit is further fulfilled; and the process of heating the battery unit is carried out through electric energy transmission, and the heat comes from the inside of the battery unit, so that the heating is uniform and the heating speed is high. In addition, the process of realizing the electric energy transmission can be realized by means of corresponding circuits in the energy storage system, any external equipment does not need to be additionally arranged, and the problems of high cost, complex structure and low safety caused by the increase of the external equipment are avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to an energy storage system.
Background
The storage and conversion of clean energy has important significance for solving global warming, and the lithium ion battery is widely researched and paid attention to by the advantages of large power, high energy density, low self-discharge rate, no memory effect, long cycle life, environmental friendliness and the like.
However, the external characteristics of the lithium ion power battery are susceptible to the influence of the ambient temperature, and particularly, the capacity of the lithium ion power battery is reduced in a low-temperature environment, so that the lithium ion power battery is not only not fully charged during low-temperature charging, but also can cause damage to the battery, and the service life of the battery and the effective capacity of the battery are reduced. Therefore, in a low-temperature environment, the battery needs to be preheated before being used, so that the inner core of the battery reaches a normal working temperature range.
The traditional battery preheating method mainly adopts an air conditioner to externally heat the battery through gas, so that the process is slow, and the heating is uneven; in addition, in the prior art, a method for externally heating by adopting equipment such as liquid, phase-change materials, electric heating wires and the like is adopted, the heating is not uniform, the structure is complex, the cost is high, and the safety is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides an energy storage system, which heats a battery unit by converting and transmitting electric energy between the battery unit and a current supply device connected to a dc bus, so as to avoid the problems of high cost, complex structure and low safety caused by adding external devices, and achieve uniform heating and fast speed.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
a first aspect of the invention provides an energy storage system comprising: the device comprises a controller, a DC/AC conversion circuit, at least two battery units and a transmission branch circuit thereof; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
each battery unit is connected with the direct current bus of the DC/AC conversion circuit through the corresponding transmission branch;
a bus capacitor is arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the direct current bus;
the alternating current side of the DC/AC conversion circuit is connected with a power grid and/or a load;
the controller is used for controlling the transmission branches and the DC/AC conversion circuit to work, so that the battery units realize electric energy conversion and transmission with the power grid and/or the load; the controller is further used for controlling a path for converting and transmitting electric energy between the corresponding battery unit and the current supply equipment connected to the direct current bus when the temperature of at least one battery unit is lower than a preset temperature, so as to heat the corresponding battery unit.
Optionally, when the controller is configured to heat the corresponding battery unit, the path includes: the equipment between the current supply equipment and the direct current bus, and the transmission branch corresponding to the battery unit.
Optionally, the transmission branch includes: a DC/DC conversion circuit;
the flow supply equipment comprises: at least one other of the battery cells;
the controller is configured to, when heating the corresponding battery cell, specifically: and controlling the DC/DC conversion circuit between the current supply equipment and the corresponding battery unit to charge and discharge the corresponding battery unit at a preset frequency.
Optionally, the current value of the charge and discharge current transmitted to the dc bus by the current supply device is: stable or variable according to at least one of thermal and electrical parameters of the respective battery cell.
Optionally, the charging and discharging current transmitted to the dc bus by the current supply device is a periodically occurring positive current and a periodically occurring negative current; and the appearance period is adjustable.
Optionally, if the temperature of each battery unit is lower than the preset temperature, the controller may heat each battery unit in a staggered manner one by one or in batches.
Optionally, the method further includes: at least two isolation devices; each battery unit is connected with the alternating current side of the DC/AC conversion circuit through the corresponding isolating device;
when the controller is used for heating the corresponding battery unit, the passage comprises: the equipment between the current supply equipment and the direct current bus, the DC/AC conversion circuit and the isolation device connected with the corresponding battery unit.
Optionally, the transmission branch includes: the circuit breakers are arranged on the positive branch and/or the negative branch;
the controller is configured to, when heating the corresponding battery cell, specifically: and controlling the current supply equipment to charge the direct current bus, controlling the DC/AC conversion circuit to work, and performing charge and discharge of preset frequency on the corresponding battery unit through the isolating device connected with the corresponding battery unit.
Optionally, the current value of the alternating current output by the DC/AC conversion circuit is: stable or variable according to at least one of thermal and electrical parameters of the respective battery cell.
Optionally, the flow supply device is: and at least one other battery unit or at least one photovoltaic group string.
Optionally, if the temperature of each battery unit is lower than the preset temperature, the method comprises:
when the flow supply equipment is at least one other battery unit, the controller carries out staggered heating on the battery units one by one or in batches;
when the current supply equipment is at least one path of photovoltaic group string, the controller heats the battery units one by one, in batches or in a unified mode.
Optionally, after controlling the passage formed between the corresponding battery unit and the flow supply device, the controller is further configured to: and detecting the voltage and the current of the alternating current side of the DC/AC conversion circuit, determining the internal resistance of the corresponding battery unit, and judging the current quality of the corresponding battery unit according to the internal resistance.
Optionally, when detecting the voltage and the current at the AC side of the DC/AC conversion circuit and determining the internal resistance of the corresponding battery cell, the controller is specifically configured to: and determining the internal resistance of the corresponding battery unit at each frequency by changing the frequency of charging and discharging to the corresponding battery unit and detecting the voltage and the current of the alternating current side of the DC/AC conversion circuit at each frequency.
Optionally, the isolation device includes: the direct current isolation devices and the switches are arranged on the positive branch and/or the negative branch and are connected with the corresponding battery units in series;
the switch is controlled by the controller and is in a closed state when the temperature of the corresponding battery unit is lower than the preset temperature.
Optionally, the dc isolation device is a capacitor.
Optionally, the method further includes: and the alternating current breaker is arranged between the alternating current side of the DC/AC conversion circuit and the power grid and/or the load.
Optionally, when the controller is used to heat the corresponding battery unit, the controller is specifically configured to: heating the corresponding battery unit before the energy storage system works normally; or heating the corresponding battery unit while the energy storage system works normally.
Optionally, when the controller heats the corresponding battery unit, the controller is further configured to: and monitoring the thermal parameter and the electrical parameter of the circuit in real time, and reducing the absolute value of the current in the circuit if the thermal parameter exceeds the corresponding upper limit value or the electrical parameter exceeds the corresponding range.
Optionally, when the temperature of at least one of the battery cells is lower than a preset temperature, the controller is further configured to: firstly, judging whether the electrical parameters of the corresponding battery units are in the corresponding ranges; heating the corresponding battery unit if the electrical parameters of the battery unit are within the corresponding ranges; otherwise, the corresponding battery cell is not heated.
When the temperature of at least one battery unit is lower than the preset temperature, the energy storage system controls a path for converting and transmitting electric energy between the corresponding battery unit and the current supply equipment connected to the direct current bus; because the battery unit has certain internal resistance, joule heat can be generated on the internal resistance in the process of carrying out electric energy transmission with the current supply equipment, and the aim of heating the battery unit is further fulfilled; and the process of heating the battery unit is carried out through electric energy transmission, and the heat comes from the inside of the battery unit, so that the heating is uniform and the heating speed is high. In addition, the process of realizing the electric energy transmission can be realized by means of corresponding circuits in the energy storage system, any external equipment does not need to be additionally arranged, and the problems of high cost, complex structure and low safety caused by the increase of the external equipment are avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is another schematic structural diagram of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is another schematic structural diagram of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4a is a waveform diagram of current flowing through the switching branches of the two DC/DC converter circuits in the structure of FIG. 3;
fig. 4b is a schematic waveform diagram of an effective value of a charging/discharging current according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5a and 5b are schematic structural diagrams of two other energy storage systems provided by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6a, fig. 6b and fig. 6c are schematic diagrams of three structures of an isolation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In this application, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
In order to heat the battery unit, in the prior art, a hardware mode is added, so that the cost is high, the system is complex, and the safety is low; the heating mode by the air conditioner is too long; moreover, both suffer from uneven heating. Therefore, the invention provides an energy storage system, which heats the battery unit by converting and transmitting electric energy between the battery unit and the current supply equipment connected with the direct current bus, avoids the problems of high cost, complex structure and low safety caused by adding external equipment, and has uniform heating and high speed.
As shown in fig. 1, the energy storage system includes: a controller (not shown), a DC/AC conversion circuit 101, at least two battery units 103 and a transmission branch 102 thereof; wherein:
each battery unit 103 is connected to the DC bus of the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 through a corresponding transmission branch 102, and each transmission branch 102 is used for realizing electric energy transmission between the corresponding battery unit 102 and the DC bus. And a bus capacitor is arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the direct current bus, and comprises C1 (the voltage of the bus capacitor is Vbus P) and C2 (the voltage of the bus capacitor is Vbus N). The AC side of the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 is connected to a grid and/or a load.
The battery unit 103 may be a battery pack, or the like. The energy storage system can be applied to a photovoltaic power generation system, and in this case, the battery unit 103 is preferably a battery cluster in order to match the voltage of a photovoltaic string in the photovoltaic power generation system. Depending on the specific application environment, are all within the scope of the present application.
When the energy storage system is applied to a photovoltaic power generation system, each battery unit 103 and each photovoltaic string can share the DC/AC conversion circuit 101, that is, at least one photovoltaic string can be connected to the DC bus; each photovoltaic string may be connected to the DC bus through a corresponding DC/DC conversion circuit (such as DC/DCm shown in fig. 2), or may be connected to the DC bus through a corresponding breaker. In this case, the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 may be a circuit structure in the energy storage system or a circuit structure in the photovoltaic power generation system inverter; depending on the specific application environment, are all within the scope of the present application.
Under normal conditions, the controller is used for controlling each transmission branch 102 and the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 to work, so that each battery unit 103 realizes the conversion and transmission of electric energy with the power grid and/or the load; for example, each battery unit 103 is controlled to output electric energy, which sequentially passes through the corresponding transmission branch 102 and the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 to supply power to the power grid and/or the load; or, each battery unit 103 is controlled to receive electric energy from the power grid for charging through the corresponding transmission branch 102 and the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 in sequence; alternatively, each battery unit 103 may be controlled to receive electric energy from the photovoltaic string through the dc bus to perform charging.
In addition, the controller is further configured to: when the temperature of at least one battery unit 103 is lower than the preset temperature, controlling a corresponding battery unit 103 and a current supply device connected to the direct current bus to form a path for converting and transmitting electric energy; at this time, the current supply device can provide an object for current flowing for the corresponding battery unit 103 through the direct current bus, and because a certain internal resistance exists inside the battery unit 103, joule heat can be generated on the internal resistance in the process of electric energy transmission of the battery unit 103, so that the purpose of heating the battery unit is achieved. For example, in practical applications, at least one other battery unit 103 may be used as the current supply device, and the current battery unit 103 that needs to be heated forms the above-mentioned path, and is heated through the transmission of electric energy.
In the energy storage system provided by the embodiment, the battery unit 103 is heated through electric energy transmission, and heat of the energy storage system comes from the inside of the battery unit 103, so that the heating is uniform and fast. In addition, the process of realizing the electric energy transmission can be realized by means of corresponding circuits in the energy storage system, any external equipment does not need to be additionally arranged, and the problems of high cost, complex structure and low safety caused by the increase of the external equipment are avoided.
In addition, the process of heating the corresponding battery unit 103 by the controller may be specifically executed before the energy storage system normally operates, or may also be executed while the energy storage system normally operates; depending on the specific application environment, are all within the scope of the present application.
It should be noted that, the lower the temperature, the more easily the battery unit 103 is over-voltage (exceeding its maximum value Vmax) caused by charging or under-voltage (being lower than its minimum value Vmin) caused by discharging, or the SOC (State of Charge, battery State of Charge, also called remaining capacity) of the battery unit exceeds the corresponding maximum value SOCmax or is lower than the corresponding minimum value SOCmin, so in practical application, the temperature (Temp 1 and Tempn shown in fig. 1), the SOC value and the voltage (Vrack 1 and Vrackn shown in fig. 1) of each battery unit 103 can be sampled; moreover, when the controller heats the corresponding battery unit 103, in order to prevent the battery unit 103 from being abnormal, the temperature, the voltage and the SOC of the battery unit 103 can be monitored in real time, and if the temperature exceeds the upper limit value of the temperature, or the voltage or the SOC exceeds the corresponding range, the absolute value of the current in the path is reduced to 0 at the lowest; so that its temperature does not exceed the upper temperature limit Tempmax, its voltage lies within the corresponding range [ Vmin, Vmax ], and its SOC also lies within the corresponding range [ SOCmin, SOCmax ].
More preferably, when the controller finds that the temperature of at least one battery cell 103 is lower than the preset temperature, it may also first determine whether the voltage or the SOC of the corresponding battery cell 103 is within a corresponding range; if the voltage and the SOC are both within the corresponding ranges, the corresponding battery cell 103 is heated; otherwise, the corresponding battery cell 103 is not heated, ensuring that the battery cell 103 is in a normal state.
On the basis of the above embodiment, this embodiment provides a specific path example during heating, and as shown in fig. 3, each transmission branch 102 includes a DC/DC conversion circuit, which is specifically used for realizing electric energy conversion and transmission between the corresponding battery unit 103 and the DC bus; when the controller is used to heat the corresponding battery units 103, the path formed between the battery units 103 and the flow supply device for heating the battery units 103 specifically includes: the equipment between the current supply equipment and the dc bus, and the transmission branches 102 of the respective battery cells 103.
Furthermore, a flow supply device for heating the battery cells 103, in particular at least one other battery cell 103; that is, the controller controls the different battery cells 103 to heat one of them through the DC/DC conversion circuit and the DC bus between them.
Note that, in order to realize the basic function of each battery cell 103, each DC/DC conversion circuit is a DC/DC conversion circuit that can operate bidirectionally; more preferably, each DC/DC conversion circuit may further include a bypass branch.
In practical applications, when the controller heats the corresponding battery unit 103, the controller is specifically configured to: and controlling a DC/DC conversion circuit between the current supply device and the corresponding battery cell 103 to charge and discharge the corresponding battery cell 103 at a preset frequency. Preferably, at any time, the battery unit 103 that is discharging may be discharged through a bypass branch of the DC/DC conversion circuit, and no current flows through a conversion branch of the DC/DC conversion circuit; the battery unit 103 to be charged is charged by the conversion function of the DC/DC conversion circuit.
That is, the controller monitors the temperature of each battery unit 103 in real time, and if the temperature of at least one battery unit 103 is lower than a preset temperature, the DC/DC conversion circuit thereof is charged and discharged back and forth at a certain preset frequency, so that the corresponding battery unit 103 can be charged and discharged back and forth at the preset frequency, and the preset frequency may be specifically 10Hz, but is not limited thereto; because the battery unit 103 has a certain internal resistance inside, the purpose of heating the battery unit 103 can be achieved by charging and discharging back and forth at a certain frequency.
Assuming that the energy storage system has two battery units 103 and their DC/DC conversion circuits, the specific control of the controller at a certain time during the heating process will be: discharging one path of DC/DC conversion circuit and charging the other path of DC/DC conversion circuit; the charging and discharging current transmitted to the direct current bus by the current supply equipment is periodically positive and negative current; and the appearance period of the frequency sensor is adjustable, and the period is the reciprocal of the preset frequency. The upper half shown in fig. 4a is a current command for charging and discharging the corresponding battery cell 103, and the lower half shown in fig. 4a is an actual current for charging and discharging the corresponding battery cell 103.
Moreover, the current value of the charging and discharging current transmitted to the direct current bus by the current supply equipment can be stable and unchangeable. Alternatively, the charge and discharge current may be varied according to at least one of a thermal parameter and an electrical parameter of the corresponding battery cell 103; the thermal parameter may be temperature, and the electrical parameter may be voltage and SOC; for example, the curve may be a curve of temperature, where the lower the temperature, the smaller the current is, that is, the lower the effective value of the charge and discharge current is, and the higher the temperature, the larger the current is, that is, the higher the effective value of the charge and discharge current is, and fig. 4b is a schematic waveform diagram of the change of the effective value of the charge and discharge current with the temperature; when the temperature exceeds the upper temperature limit value or the voltage or the SOC exceeds the corresponding range, the absolute value of the current in the passage is reduced to 0 at the lowest; so that its temperature does not exceed the upper temperature limit Tempmax, its voltage lies within the corresponding range [ Vmin, Vmax ], and its SOC also lies within the corresponding range [ SOCmin, SOCmax ].
In a common scenario, the temperature of each battery cell 103 is lower than the preset temperature due to the low ambient temperature, and at this time, the controller may heat each battery cell 103 in a staggered manner one by one or in batches. When the staggered heating mode is adopted, the battery units 103 can be grouped and then staggered heated at the same time, the number of the battery units 103 in each group is not limited, and the battery units can be heated one by one, one by many, many by one or many by many, depending on the specific application environment. Or, the staggered heating can be respectively carried out according to a certain sequence, the number of the staggered heating in each time is not limited, even the objects in each staggered heating can be repeated to some extent, and the specific application environment is determined, so that the staggered heating method and the device are in the protection range of the application.
In practical application, due to reasons such as placement positions, the temperature of each battery unit 103 may not be reduced to be lower than the preset temperature at the same time, and therefore, the heating sequence may also be determined according to the real-time temperature detection result; depending on the specific application environment, are all within the scope of the present application.
It should be noted that, when at least one other battery unit 103 is used as the current supply device to heat the battery unit 103 that needs to be heated currently, since the battery unit 103 that is used as the current supply device also has power transmission, that is, joule heat is generated, and further self-heating can be achieved, in the staggered heating manner, heating of both sides can be achieved in each heating process, and it is not necessarily necessary to perform role exchange on each group of staggered-heated battery units 103.
In this embodiment, the battery unit 103 can be heated without adding hardware; moreover, the heating process can perform energy flow between the interiors of the battery units 103 under the condition of not interfering the output of the energy storage system, and is favorable for popularization and application.
Another specific example of the path during heating is shown in another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5a, each transmission branch 102 in the energy storage system includes: circuit breakers (shown as K1 to Kn) disposed on the positive branch and/or the negative branch, and capable of performing electric energy transmission between the corresponding battery unit 103 and the dc bus when in a closed state; at this time, each battery cell 103 does not have a corresponding DC/DC conversion circuit; moreover, on the basis of fig. 1 or fig. 2, the energy storage system further includes: at least two isolation devices 104; each battery cell 103 is connected to the AC side of the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 via a corresponding isolation device 104.
In this case, the controller is used in a path when heating the corresponding battery unit 103, and specifically includes: the equipment between the current supply equipment and the direct current bus, the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 and the isolation device 104 connected with the corresponding battery unit 103.
Moreover, the current supply device for heating the battery units 103 may specifically be at least one other battery unit 103, or may also be at least one photovoltaic string. When at least one other battery unit 103 is used as the current supply device to heat the corresponding battery unit 103, the device between the battery unit and the direct current bus, namely the corresponding breaker; when at least one photovoltaic string is used as the current supply device to heat the corresponding battery unit 103, the device between the photovoltaic string and the direct current bus is the DC/DC conversion circuit.
When the controller is used to heat the respective battery cell 103, it is specifically used to: and controlling the current supply equipment to charge the direct current bus, controlling the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 to work, and charging and discharging the corresponding battery unit 103 at a preset frequency through the isolating device 104 connected with the corresponding battery unit 103.
That is, the controller monitors the temperature of each battery unit 103 in real time, and if the temperature of at least one battery unit 103 is lower than a preset temperature, for example, the temperature Tempi of the ith battery unit 103 is lower than the preset temperature, the controller controls the current supply device, for example, the circuit breaker Kj of the jth battery unit 103 is closed, and controls the circuit breaker Ki to be open, the ith isolation device 104 to be conductive, and then controls the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 to output AC power, so that the ith battery unit 103 can be charged and discharged back and forth at the preset frequency, and heating is achieved.
Assuming that there are two battery units 103 and their circuit breakers in the energy storage system, during the heating process:
the first step is as follows: charging the 2 nd battery unit 103 by using the energy of the 1 st battery unit 103; the method specifically comprises the following steps: when the temperature is lower than the preset temperature, for example, 0 ℃, the circuit breaker K1 is closed, and at this time, the isolating device 104 of the 1 st battery unit 103 does not operate, so that the 1 st battery unit 103 supplies energy to the DC/AC converting circuit 101, and the isolating device 104 of the 2 nd battery unit 103 is closed, so that the 1 st battery unit 103 supplies direct current to the DC/AC converting circuit 101, and the DC/AC converting circuit 101 outputs alternating current to perform alternating current charging on the 2 nd battery unit 103 through the 2 nd isolating device 104.
The second step is that: charging the 1 st battery unit 103 by using the energy of the 2 nd battery unit 103; the method specifically comprises the following steps: when the temperature is lower than the preset temperature, for example, 0 ℃, the circuit breaker K2 is closed, and at this time, the isolating device 104 of the 2 nd battery unit 103 does not operate, so that the 2 nd battery unit 103 supplies energy to the DC/AC converting circuit 101, and the isolating device 104 of the 1 st battery unit 103 is closed, so that the DC/AC converting circuit 101 is supplied with direct current through the 2 nd battery unit 103, and the DC/AC converting circuit 101 outputs alternating current to perform alternating current charging on the 1 st battery unit 103 through the 1 st isolating device 104.
In practical applications, considering that the energy of a single battery cell 103 is affected by temperature, if the energy is insufficient, a plurality of breakers (e.g., K1, K2, and K3) may be engaged to supply energy to the DC/AC conversion circuit 101, and then the one/more battery cells 103 are heated. For example, taking 3 battery cells 103 as an example, the 3 rd battery cell 103 can be charged with the energy of the 1 st and 2 nd battery cells 103; the method specifically comprises the following steps: when the temperature is lower than the preset temperature, for example, 0 ℃, the circuit breakers K1 and K2 are engaged, and at this time, the isolating device 104 of the 1 st and 2 nd battery units 103 does not operate, so that the 1 st and 2 nd battery units 103 supply energy to the DC/AC converting circuit 101, the isolating device 104 of the 3 rd battery unit 103 is engaged, and thus the DC/AC converting circuit 101 is supplied with direct current through the 1 st and 2 nd battery units 103, and the DC/AC converting circuit 101 outputs alternating current to the 3 rd battery unit 103 through the isolating device 104 of the 3 rd battery unit 103 for alternating current charging.
For a system with a photovoltaic string connected to the DC side, as shown in fig. 5b, the energy of the photovoltaic string may be used to heat the corresponding battery unit 103 through the DC/DCm and the corresponding breaker, without pulling the breaker of another battery unit 103. Of course, the solution of using other battery cells 103 and photovoltaic strings simultaneously is not excluded, and is within the scope of the present application, depending on the specific application environment. The following describes in detail the case where both are used as flow supply devices:
when the ambient temperature is low, which causes the temperature of each battery cell 103 to be lower than the preset temperature, the controller may heat each battery cell 103 one by one or in batches or even uniformly. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) if the flow supply device is at least one other battery unit 103, the controller can only heat each battery unit 103 in a staggered manner one by one or in batches.
When the staggered heating mode is adopted, the battery units 103 can be grouped and then staggered heated at the same time, the number of the battery units 103 in each group is not limited, and the battery units can be heated one by one, one by many, many by one or many by many, depending on the specific application environment. Or, the staggered heating can be respectively carried out according to a certain sequence, the number of the staggered heating in each time is not limited, even the objects in each staggered heating can be repeated to some extent, and the specific application environment is determined, so that the staggered heating method and the device are in the protection range of the application.
At this time, heating for both sides may be achieved every time of staggered heating, but since the battery cell 103 as the current supply device operates only in a discharge state, its electrical parameters such as SOC and voltage may be lowered; therefore, in order not to affect the balance of the battery cells 103, it is preferable that the battery cells 103 are controlled to perform the discharging process as the current supply device nearly, preferably, the same number of times.
(2) If the current supply device is at least one photovoltaic string, the controller may heat each battery unit 103 one by one, in batches, or in a unified manner.
Due to the adoption of the photovoltaic string as a current supply device, the battery units 103 can be heated simultaneously; at this time, if the power of all the photovoltaic strings is low, it is preferable to ensure that the power of the photovoltaic strings can be heated for all the battery cells 103 by adopting the unified heating method in the case of the ac breaker B1; this approach can be used in any case when the power of all the strings of photovoltaic groups is sufficient. Of course, heating can be performed one by one or in batches, and the number of heating in each batch is not limited, which depends on the specific application environment and is within the protection scope of the application.
The process of heating by adopting the photovoltaic string as the current supply equipment can not influence the SOC and the voltage of each battery unit 103, thereby saving the energy of the system.
In addition, if the temperature of each battery cell 103 does not decrease below the preset temperature at the same time, the heating sequence of each battery cell 103 may also be determined according to the real-time temperature detection result; depending on the specific application environment, are all within the scope of the present application.
The AC current output from the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 has a current value of: stable or varying in accordance with at least one of a thermal parameter and an electrical parameter of the respective battery cell 103; here, similar to the previous embodiment, the description is omitted; for example, the waveform diagram of the effective value of the alternating current varying with the temperature can also be seen in fig. 4 b.
As shown in fig. 6a to 6c, the isolation device 104 specifically includes: a dc isolation device and a switch S disposed on the positive branch and/or the negative branch and connected in series with the corresponding battery cell 103; the dc isolation device and the switch S may be connected in series to the positive branch of the corresponding battery cell 103 (as shown in fig. 6 a), may also be connected in series to the negative branch of the corresponding battery cell 103 (as shown in fig. 6 b), and may also be respectively disposed on the positive branch and the negative branch of the corresponding battery cell 103 and connected in series to the corresponding battery cell 103 (as shown in fig. 6 c); and the serial connection sequence of the three is not limited to that shown in fig. 6a to 6 c. The switch S is controlled by the controller and is in a closed state when the temperature of the corresponding battery cell 103 is lower than a preset temperature. The DC isolation device may be specifically a capacitor C, which is capable of conducting AC and blocking DC, so as to prevent the DC power of the corresponding battery unit 103 from being transferred to the AC side of the DC/AC conversion circuit 101, and the AC power at the AC side of the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 may be charged and discharged at a predetermined frequency for the corresponding battery unit 103 through the capacitor C.
Moreover, the energy storage system may further include: and an alternating current breaker B1 provided between the alternating current side of the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 and the grid and/or the load. The controller can realize the on-off control between the energy storage system and the power grid and/or the load by controlling the on-off of the alternating current switch B1; when the alternating current switch B1 is closed, the energy storage system can operate, and the alternating current on the alternating current side of the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 needs to meet grid connection requirements or load requirements; when the alternating current switch B1 is turned off, the energy storage system does not output externally, and the alternating current at the alternating current side of the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 can be set according to actual conditions; however, the realization of the heating function of each battery unit 103 in the energy storage system is not affected no matter whether the energy storage system is connected with a power grid and/or a load.
In this embodiment, for an energy storage system without a DC/DC conversion circuit, the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 and the additional isolation device 104 are used to perform AC charging and discharging on the corresponding battery unit 103, so that the temperature of the corresponding battery unit 103 can be rapidly raised at a low cost, and the energy storage system can be heated by energy flow of the battery unit 103 without interfering with the output of the energy storage system.
In practical applications, for the configurations shown in fig. 5a and 5b, after the controller controls the path formed between the corresponding battery cell 103 and the flow supply device, it may further: the alternating-current side voltage and current of the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 are detected, the internal resistance of the corresponding battery cell 103 is determined, and the current quality of the corresponding battery cell 103 is judged according to the internal resistance.
Because the battery characteristics are different in internal resistance at different AC frequencies, the controller may determine the internal resistance of the corresponding battery cell 103 at each frequency by specifically changing the frequency of charging and discharging the corresponding battery cell 103 and detecting the AC-side voltage and current of the DC/AC conversion circuit 101 at each frequency when detecting the internal resistance of the corresponding battery cell 103; and then, judging whether the internal resistance of the battery unit changes under each frequency and the change amplitude by combining the prior stored data, and further determining the current quality of the battery unit as a basis for judging whether the battery unit needs to be replaced by a new battery unit.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, the system or system embodiments are substantially similar to the method embodiments and therefore are described in a relatively simple manner, and reference may be made to some of the descriptions of the method embodiments for related points. The above-described system and system embodiments are only illustrative, wherein the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and the parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the various illustrative components and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality in order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
In the above description of the disclosed embodiments, the features described in the embodiments in this specification may be replaced or combined with each other to enable those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (19)
1. An energy storage system, comprising: the device comprises a controller, a DC/AC conversion circuit, at least two battery units and a transmission branch circuit thereof; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
each battery unit is connected with the direct current bus of the DC/AC conversion circuit through the corresponding transmission branch;
a bus capacitor is arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the direct current bus;
the alternating current side of the DC/AC conversion circuit is connected with a power grid and/or a load;
the controller is used for controlling the transmission branches and the DC/AC conversion circuit to work, so that the battery units realize electric energy conversion and transmission with the power grid and/or the load; the controller is further used for controlling a path for converting and transmitting electric energy between the corresponding battery unit and the current supply equipment connected to the direct current bus when the temperature of at least one battery unit is lower than a preset temperature, so as to heat the corresponding battery unit.
2. The energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to heat the respective battery cell, and wherein the path comprises: the equipment between the current supply equipment and the direct current bus, and the transmission branch corresponding to the battery unit.
3. The energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the transmission branch comprises: a DC/DC conversion circuit;
the flow supply equipment comprises: at least one other of the battery cells;
the controller is configured to, when heating the corresponding battery cell, specifically: and controlling the DC/DC conversion circuit between the current supply equipment and the corresponding battery unit to charge and discharge the corresponding battery unit at a preset frequency.
4. The energy storage system of claim 3, wherein the current supply device transmits the charging and discharging current to the DC bus at a current value of: stable or variable according to at least one of thermal and electrical parameters of the respective battery cell.
5. The energy storage system of claim 3, wherein the charging and discharging currents transmitted by the current supply device to the direct current bus are periodically positive and negative currents; and the appearance period is adjustable.
6. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the controller staggers the heating of the battery cells one by one or in batches if the temperature of each battery cell is lower than the preset temperature.
7. The energy storage system of claim 1, further comprising: at least two isolation devices; each battery unit is connected with the alternating current side of the DC/AC conversion circuit through the corresponding isolating device;
when the controller is used for heating the corresponding battery unit, the passage comprises: the equipment between the current supply equipment and the direct current bus, the DC/AC conversion circuit and the isolation device connected with the corresponding battery unit.
8. The energy storage system of claim 7, wherein the transmission branch comprises: the circuit breakers are arranged on the positive branch and/or the negative branch;
the controller is configured to, when heating the corresponding battery cell, specifically: and controlling the current supply equipment to charge the direct current bus, controlling the DC/AC conversion circuit to work, and performing charge and discharge of preset frequency on the corresponding battery unit through the isolating device connected with the corresponding battery unit.
9. The energy storage system of claim 8, wherein the DC/AC conversion circuit outputs an alternating current having a current value of: stable or variable according to at least one of thermal and electrical parameters of the respective battery cell.
10. The energy storage system of any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the flow supply device is: and at least one other battery unit or at least one photovoltaic group string.
11. The energy storage system of claim 10, wherein if the temperature of each of the battery cells is less than the predetermined temperature, then:
when the flow supply equipment is at least one other battery unit, the controller carries out staggered heating on the battery units one by one or in batches;
when the current supply equipment is at least one path of photovoltaic group string, the controller heats the battery units one by one, in batches or in a unified mode.
12. The energy storage system of any of claims 7-9, wherein the controller, after controlling the passage to be formed between the respective battery cell and the flow supply device, is further configured to: and detecting the voltage and the current of the alternating current side of the DC/AC conversion circuit, determining the internal resistance of the corresponding battery unit, and judging the current quality of the corresponding battery unit according to the internal resistance.
13. The energy storage system of claim 12, wherein the controller, when detecting the AC side voltage and current of the DC/AC conversion circuit and determining the internal resistance of the corresponding battery cell, is specifically configured to: and determining the internal resistance of the corresponding battery unit at each frequency by changing the frequency of charging and discharging to the corresponding battery unit and detecting the voltage and the current of the alternating current side of the DC/AC conversion circuit at each frequency.
14. The energy storage system of any of claims 7 to 9, wherein the isolation device comprises: the direct current isolation devices and the switches are arranged on the positive branch and/or the negative branch and are connected with the corresponding battery units in series;
the switch is controlled by the controller and is in a closed state when the temperature of the corresponding battery unit is lower than the preset temperature.
15. The energy storage system of claim 14, wherein the dc isolation device is a capacitor.
16. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 7 to 9, further comprising: and the alternating current breaker is arranged between the alternating current side of the DC/AC conversion circuit and the power grid and/or the load.
17. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and 7 to 9, wherein the controller is configured to, when heating the respective battery cell, in particular: heating the corresponding battery unit before the energy storage system works normally; or heating the corresponding battery unit while the energy storage system works normally.
18. The energy storage system of any one of claims 1-5 and 7-9, wherein the controller, when heating the respective battery cell, is further configured to: and monitoring the thermal parameter and the electrical parameter of the circuit in real time, and reducing the absolute value of the current in the circuit if the thermal parameter exceeds the corresponding upper limit value or the electrical parameter exceeds the corresponding range.
19. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and 7 to 9, wherein the controller is further configured to, when the temperature of at least one of the battery cells is lower than a preset temperature: firstly, judging whether the electrical parameters of the corresponding battery units are in the corresponding ranges; heating the corresponding battery unit if the electrical parameters of the battery unit are within the corresponding ranges; otherwise, the corresponding battery cell is not heated.
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