CN114356006B - Constant power output control method, control chip and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a constant power output control method, a control chip and a device, wherein the control method comprises the following steps of 1: respectively sampling a power supply voltage and a load current; step 2: and 2, respectively carrying out operation processing ON the sampled power supply voltage and the sampled load current, and controlling the PWM square wave signal output by taking the power supply voltage and the load current after the operation processing as control signals, wherein the sampled power supply voltage and the sampled load current are used as conditions for controlling the charging time of the RC circuit in step 2, so that the output period and ON time of the PWM are controlled, the duty ratio of the PWM is adjusted, and the constant power output is realized. The constant power output is realized without a controller component, the constant power output can be realized at extremely low cost through ingenious circuit design, the constant power output of expected power can be realized by setting different constant parameters and selecting components with corresponding specifications, and the power output value in the power output process is irrelevant to parameters such as load size, temperature, power supply voltage and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electronics, in particular to a constant power output control method, a control chip and a device.
Background
For a linear discharge closed-loop control device powered by a battery, such as an electronic cigarette, a cigarette lighter, an electric fan, an electric toothbrush, an electric shaver and the like, common control output modes include constant voltage output control, constant effective voltage output control and constant power output control, wherein the constant voltage output control and the constant effective voltage output control modes can change along with the change of external parameters such as load size, temperature, battery supply voltage and the like, so that the use experience of users is inconsistent, the constant power output control mode is realized by adopting control elements such as an MCU (microprogrammed control unit), a microprocessor and the like, and the control circuit is high in cost and complex in circuit.
Taking an electronic cigarette as an example, the electronic cigarette is a linear discharge closed-loop control device powered by a battery, and an internal detection module detects the movement of airflow or a pressure sensor detects the pressure difference of a piezoresistive diaphragm to judge whether the electronic cigarette is currently in a smoking state or not, and controls the current output and the working state through a chip. The control modes adopted by the control chip of the electronic cigarette at present comprise a constant voltage output control mode, a constant effective voltage output control mode and a constant power output control mode.
The constant voltage output control mode is that the average voltage in the output process is kept constant, as shown in fig. 1, which is a 3.4V constant voltage output control schematic diagram, when the battery voltage is higher than 3.4V, the control chip controls to output the constant voltage of 3.4V, and when the battery voltage is lower than 3.4V, because the duty ratio has reached 100%, the output voltage decreases with the decrease of the battery voltage. According to a power calculation formula: power = (supply voltage)/load resistance duty ratio, and it can be found that, in the whole battery power supply range, the output power can be reduced along with the reduction of the supply voltage, so that inconsistent smoking taste before and after a client is brought, and the use feeling is influenced.
The constant effective voltage output control mode means that the effective voltage is kept constant in the output process, and compared with the constant voltage output control mode, the output control mode has the advantages that the output power is kept consistent under the condition that the load resistance is not changed, the output schematic diagram is shown in fig. 2, however, once the load resistance value is changed, the output power is changed along with the change, and if the consistent smoking taste is kept for a user, higher requirements on the load material quality are required.
The invention application with the application number of 201910912811.1 discloses an electronic cigarette chip with an automatic closed-loop control output voltage and a working method thereof, the chip comprises a built-in MCU module, a full-bridge buck-boost module, an output voltage feedback circuit module, an internal power supply module, an operational amplifier unit module and a plurality of signal ends, a VOUT signal end is used for outputting voltage to a heating element of an electronic cigarette, the output voltage feedback circuit module feeds back the output voltage of the VOUT signal end to the built-in MCU module, the operational amplifier unit module is used for detecting the resistance value of the heating element of the electronic cigarette and transmitting the resistance value to the built-in MCU module, and the built-in MCU module carries out high-precision operation and automatically controls the full-bridge buck-boost module according to a setting signal of an external chip and a feedback signal of the output voltage feedback circuit module so as to output adjustable precise voltage through the VOUT signal end. The invention can realize accurate voltage output or constant power output of closed-loop automatic control, thereby realizing the stability of atomization amount and smoking taste in the smoking process of the electronic cigarette. However, the invention needs to realize the function by means of a control element MCU, and has high cost and complex circuit structure.
The utility model provides an application number is 201920846851.6's utility model provides a can realize circuit of constant power output's electron cigarette and implementation method, the input signal of current sampling module and voltage sampling module is respectively for current and the voltage of sampling from load impedance department, the sampling result of current sampling module and voltage sampling module exports to the AD converter, the output of AD converter links to each other with two inputs of digital multiplier, the output of power setting circuit equals the constant power of demand, PWM produces the output of circuit and is connected to a PMOS switch, the PMOS switch is arranged in the direct current path of battery BAT to output OUT. The utility model discloses a circuit provides the output of a constant power, and the smog volume of constant power electron cigarette is more even, has better user taste, and constant power output is stable more energy-conserving relatively simultaneously. But the utility model discloses a realization of circuit needs the constant power that output power and power setting circuit that will monitor provide to compare in PWM produces the comparator of circuit, and the pulse signal that finally exports a and the two after the PWM produces the circuit, and pulse signal's duty cycle will be decided by actual monitoring power and the ratio that sets up constant power. The control process and the circuit for realizing the constant power output are also complex.
Disclosure of Invention
To solve at least one of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a constant power output control method, a control chip and a device, which can realize constant power output through a simple circuit without the aid of a control element.
A first aspect of the present invention provides a constant power output control method, including:
step 1: respectively sampling a power supply voltage and a load current;
step 2: and respectively carrying out operation processing on the sampled power supply voltage and the sampled load current, and controlling the PWM square wave signal output by using the power supply voltage and the load current after the operation processing as control signals.
Preferably, in step 2, the sampled power supply voltage and load current are used as conditions for controlling the charging time of the RC circuit, so as to control the output period and ON time (i.e. high level time) of the PWM, adjust the duty ratio of the PWM, and achieve constant power output.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, in step 2, the sampled power supply voltage is subjected to operation processing and then controls the output period of the PWM, and the sampled load current is subjected to operation processing and then controls the ON time of the PWM.
In any of the above embodiments, preferably, the processing of the sampled power supply voltage in step 2 includes amplifying the sampled power supply voltage by a scaling factor K2.
In any of the above embodiments, preferably, the operation processing of the sampled load current in step 2 includes amplifying the sampled load current by a scaling factor K1.
Preferably, in any of the above schemes, step 2 specifically includes: the amplified sampled load current charges a first capacitor, and a set reference current Iref is adopted to charge a second capacitor; taking the voltage of the first capacitor as the reverse input of the first amplifier, and taking the set reference voltage Vref as the forward input of the first amplifier; the amplified sampled power supply voltage is used as the forward input of a second amplifier, and the voltage of a second capacitor is used as the reverse input of the second amplifier; and the output ends of the first amplifier and the second amplifier are respectively used as the direct set end input and the direct reset end input of the latch, and the output end of the latch is used as the PWM output end.
Preferably, in any of the above schemes, the latch is an SR latch.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the SR latch is formed by a nand gate, and a Q terminal of the SR latch is a PWM output terminal.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, in step 1, sampling the load current is implemented by using an operational amplifier in cooperation with a current mirror.
In any of the above schemes, in step 1, the sampling of the power supply voltage is preferably realized by dividing the voltage through resistors.
Either of the above schemes preferably sets the capacitance value C1 of the first capacitor, the capacitance value C2 of the second capacitor, the value of the reference current Iref, the value of the reference voltage Vref, and the values of the proportionality coefficients K1, K2 according to the power value Po to be output.
In any of the above embodiments, it is preferable that the power value Po of the desired output and the first capacitor are connectedThe capacitance value C1 of the second capacitor, the capacitance value C2 of the second capacitor, the value of the reference current Iref, the value of the reference voltage Vref, and the values of the proportionality coefficients K1 and K2 satisfy the following relations:
。
the second aspect of the present invention provides a constant power output control chip, which uses the constant power output control method to realize constant power output, and includes a sampling circuit, an arithmetic circuit, and a PWM output circuit.
Preferably, the sampling circuit includes a supply voltage sampling circuit and a load current sampling circuit.
In any of the above aspects, preferably, the operation circuit includes a supply voltage operation circuit and a load current operation circuit.
In any of the above embodiments, the power supply voltage calculation circuit preferably amplifies the sampled power supply voltage by a scaling factor K2.
In any of the above embodiments, the load current operation circuit preferably amplifies the sampled load current by a scaling factor K1.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the supply voltage operation circuit further includes a second capacitor and a second amplifier, the second capacitor is charged by the set reference current Iref, the amplified sampled supply voltage is used as a forward input of the second amplifier, and a voltage of the second capacitor is used as a reverse input of the second amplifier, so as to control an output period of the PWM.
In any of the above embodiments, preferably, the load current operation circuit further includes a first capacitor and a first amplifier, the first capacitor is charged by the amplified sampled load current, a voltage of the first capacitor is used as an inverting input of the first amplifier, and a set reference voltage Vref is used as a forward input of the first amplifier, so as to control the ON time of the PWM.
Preferably, in any of the above schemes, the PWM output circuit includes a latch, the latch takes outputs of the first amplifier and the second amplifier as an input of a direct set terminal and an input of a direct reset terminal, respectively, and an output terminal of the latch is an output terminal of the PWM output circuit.
Preferably, in any of the above schemes, the latch is an SR latch.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the SR latch is formed by a nand gate, and a Q terminal of the SR latch is an output terminal of the PWM output circuit.
In any of the above aspects, preferably, the supply voltage sampling circuit includes a resistor divider.
Preferably, in any of the above schemes, the load current sampling circuit includes an operational amplifier and a current mirror.
A third aspect of the present invention provides a constant power output apparatus, which adopts the constant power output control method or includes the constant power output control chip to achieve constant power output.
Preferably, the constant power output device is a linear discharge closed-loop control device.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the constant power output device includes at least one of an electronic cigarette, a cigarette lighter, an electric fan, an electric toothbrush, and an electric shaver.
The constant power output control method, the control chip and the device can realize constant power output without a controller component, can realize constant power output by using extremely low cost through ingenious circuit design, can realize constant power output of expected power by setting different constant parameters and selecting components with corresponding specifications, and have no relation between a power output value in the power output process and parameters such as load size, temperature, power supply voltage and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the constant voltage output of a closed-loop control device for linear discharge in the prior art.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the constant effective output of another linear discharge closed-loop control device in the prior art.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a constant power output control method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a constant power output diagram of the embodiment shown in fig. 3 according to the constant power output control method of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a constant power output control chip according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a part of the operation circuit and the PWM output circuit of the constant power output control chip according to the embodiment shown in fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the sampling circuit and part of the operational circuit of the constant power output control chip according to the embodiment shown in fig. 5.
Fig. 8 is a test graph of output power of a constant power output control chip according to the present invention as a function of load.
Fig. 9 is a test graph of output power of a constant power output control chip according to the present invention as a function of supply voltage.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, reference will now be made in detail to the following examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 3, a constant power output control method includes:
step 1: respectively sampling a power supply voltage and a load current;
step 2: and respectively carrying out operation processing on the sampled power supply voltage and the sampled load current, and controlling the PWM square wave signal output by using the power supply voltage and the load current after the operation processing as control signals.
In step 2, the sampled power supply voltage and load current are used as conditions for controlling the charging time of the RC circuit, so as to control the output period and ON time (i.e. high level time) of the PWM, adjust the duty ratio of the PWM, and realize constant power output. Specifically, the sampled power supply voltage controls the output period of the PWM after being subjected to operation processing, and the sampled load current controls the ON time of the PWM after being subjected to operation processing.
In the step 2, firstly, the sampled power supply voltage is amplified according to a proportionality coefficient K2, and the sampled load current is amplified according to a proportionality coefficient K1; then the amplified sampled load current charges the first capacitor, and the set reference current Iref is adopted to charge the second capacitor; taking the voltage of the first capacitor as the reverse input of the first amplifier, and taking the set reference voltage Vref as the forward input of the first amplifier; the amplified sampled power supply voltage is used as the forward input of a second amplifier, and the voltage of a second capacitor is used as the reverse input of the second amplifier; and the outputs of the first amplifier and the second amplifier are respectively used as the direct set end input and the direct reset end input of the latch, and the output end of the latch is used as the PWM output end. Namely, the latch is controlled to be set by the information of the load current, and the latch is controlled to be reset by the information of the power supply voltage. The known output power calculation formula is: po = D Vbat/Rat, where Po represents output power, D represents duty cycle, Vbat represents supply voltage, and Rat represents load resistance. If the relevant terms of Vbat and Rat in the power calculation formula are cancelled out, so that the power calculation formula is a constant term, the constant power output control can be completed.
Therefore, the sampled power supply voltage and the sampled load current are used as control conditions to control the charging time of the RC circuit, and further the cycle time and ON time of PWM are controlled through the charging time of the RC circuit, so that the purpose of adjusting the duty ratio of the PWM is achieved. The formula is adopted to be expressed as:
where Ton represents the ON time of the PWM, T represents the period time of the PWM, C1 represents the capacitance value of the first capacitor, C2 represents the capacitance value of the second capacitor, Vref represents the reference voltage, Iref represents the reference current, Io represents the sampled load current, and Vbat represents the sampled supply voltage. The formula for substituting the above formula for duty ratio D into the formula for output power is:
it can be seen that the calculation formula of the output power Po only has some constant terms left in the circuit design, and is independent of the supply voltage Vbat and the load current Rat.
Any circuit with a latch reset function can be used as the latch, and in this embodiment, it is preferable that the latch is an SR latch and is formed by a nand gate, and a Q terminal of the SR latch is a PWM output terminal.
In the step 1, the load current is sampled in a mode of matching an operational amplifier with a current mirror. The sampling of the supply voltage is realized by means of resistance voltage division.
According to the relation that the output power Po and the capacitance value C1 of the first capacitor, the capacitance value C2 of the second capacitor, the value of the reference current Iref, the value of the reference voltage Vref and the values of the proportionality coefficients K1 and K2 satisfy:
and setting the capacitance value C1 of the first capacitor, the capacitance value C2 of the second capacitor, the reference current Iref, the reference voltage Vref and the proportionality coefficients K1 and K2 to realize the constant power output of the expected output power. An output schematic diagram of the constant power output control method is shown in fig. 4, when the resistance value of the load changes, the output voltage curve is adjusted to match the output power consistent with the previous output power, so that constant power output is realized, and the power output does not change along with the change of external factors such as power supply voltage, load and the like.
Example 2
A constant power output control chip which adopts the constant power output control method to realize constant power output comprises a sampling circuit, an arithmetic circuit and a PWM output circuit, and the structural schematic diagram is shown in figure 5.
In this embodiment, it is preferable that the sampling circuit includes a power supply voltage sampling circuit and a load current sampling circuit, the arithmetic circuit includes a power supply voltage arithmetic circuit and a load current arithmetic circuit, the power supply voltage arithmetic circuit amplifies the sampled power supply voltage by a scaling factor K2, and the load current arithmetic circuit amplifies the sampled load current by a scaling factor K1.
According to the implementation principle and implementation method of the constant power output control method in embodiment 1, the output power
The corresponding circuit schematic is shown in fig. 6. The supply voltage operation circuit further includes a second capacitor (indicated by C2 in fig. 6) and a second amplifier (an amplifier located below in fig. 6), the second capacitor is charged by the set reference current Iref, the amplified sampled supply voltage is used as a forward input of the second amplifier, and the voltage of the second capacitor is used as an inverting input of the second amplifier, so as to realize control of the output period of the PWM. The load current operation circuit further includes a first capacitor (indicated by C1 in fig. 6) and a first amplifier (an amplifier located above in fig. 6), the first capacitor is charged by the amplified sampled load current, the voltage of the first capacitor is used as the reverse input of the first amplifier, the set reference voltage Vref is used as the forward input of the first amplifier, and the control of the ON time of the PWM is realized.
The PWM output circuit comprises a latch, the latch takes the output of the first amplifier and the output of the second amplifier as the input of a direct setting end and the input of a direct resetting end respectively, and the output end of the latch is the output end of the PWM output circuit.
Any circuit with a latch reset function can be used as the latch, in this embodiment, it is preferable that the latch is an SR latch and is composed of a nand gate, and a Q terminal of the SR latch is an output terminal of the PWM output circuit.
In this embodiment, it is preferable that the sampling circuit is implemented by a structure as shown in fig. 7, wherein the supply voltage sampling circuit includes a resistance voltage divider; the load current sampling point circuit comprises an operational amplifier and a current mirror.
The expected constant power output of the output power can be realized by the constant power output control chip by setting the appropriate capacitance value C1 of the first capacitor, the capacitance value C2 of the second capacitor, the reference current Iref, the reference voltage Vref and the proportionality coefficients K1 and K2.
Example 3
In order to verify that the constant power output control method and the constant power output control chip can realize constant power output according to expected output power, tests are carried out.
Setting the expected output power to be 8W, and setting the appropriate capacitance value C1 of the first capacitor, the capacitance value C2 of the second capacitor, the reference current Iref, the reference voltage Vref and the proportionality coefficients K1 and K2 according to the expected output power to complete the design of the control chip.
The values of C1, C2, Iref, Vref are theoretically arbitrary, but in actual circuit implementation, appropriate values are selected in combination with a range of capabilities provided by the integrated circuit manufacturing process. The value of the output power Po is more realized by adjusting K1 and K2, for example, when the values of Po are set to be 10W and 5W respectively, the values of C1, C2, Iref and Vref may be the same, and the values of K1 and K2 are different, so that different power outputs are realized. The circuit interior adjusts the values of K1 and K2 by means of trim or reservation option.
In the test process, the variation range of the power supply voltage is 3.5V-4.5V, and the variation range of the load resistance value is 0.8 Ω -1.6 Ω.
As shown in fig. 8, which is a test graph of the output power varying with the load voltage, it can be found from fig. 7 that, in the process of increasing the value of the load resistance from 0.8 Ω to 1.6 Ω, the variation range of the output power is between 7.97W and 8.02W, the variation range is small, the variation range is between-0.03W and 0.02W, and is substantially maintained at about 8W, and it can be considered that the output power achieves constant power output with the variation of the load resistance.
As shown in fig. 9, which is a test graph of the output power varying with the supply voltage, it can be found from fig. 9 that, in the process of decreasing the value of the supply voltage from 4.5V to 3.5V, the output power slightly decreases, but the variation range is between 8.03W and 7.93W, the variation range is also small, the variation range is between-0.07W and 0.03W, and is basically maintained at about 8W, and it can be considered that the output power achieves the constant power output with the variation of the supply voltage.
As can be proved by fig. 8 and 9, the constant power output control method and the constant power output control chip provided by the present invention can achieve constant power output of expected output power, and the power output is independent of external parameters such as load size, supply voltage, temperature, etc.
Example 4
A constant power output device adopts the constant power output control method or comprises the constant power output control chip to realize constant power output. The constant power output device is a closed-loop control device for linear discharge, and comprises at least one of an electronic cigarette, a cigarette lighter, an electric fan, an electric toothbrush and an electric shaver.
It should be noted that, the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the foregoing embodiments illustrate the invention in detail, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: it is possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or to substitute some or all of the technical features thereof, without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A constant power output control method, comprising:
step 1: respectively sampling a power supply voltage and a load current;
step 2: the method is characterized in that the sampled power supply voltage and the sampled load current are respectively subjected to operation processing, and the power supply voltage and the load current after the operation processing are used as control signals to control PWM square wave signal output, and the method is characterized in that: step 2, the sampled power supply voltage and the sampled load current are used as conditions for controlling the charging time of the RC circuit, so that the output period and the ON time of the PWM are controlled, the duty ratio of the PWM is adjusted, and the constant power output is realized, wherein the sampled power supply voltage controls the output period of the PWM after operation processing, and the sampled load current controls the ON time of the PWM after operation processing;
in the step 2, the operation processing of the sampled power supply voltage comprises amplifying the sampled power supply voltage according to a proportionality coefficient K2, and the operation processing of the sampled load current comprises amplifying the sampled load current according to a proportionality coefficient K1;
the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps: the amplified sampled load current charges a first capacitor, and a set reference current Iref is adopted to charge a second capacitor; taking the voltage of the first capacitor as the reverse input of the first amplifier, and taking the set reference voltage Vref as the forward input of the first amplifier; the amplified sampled power supply voltage is used as the forward input of a second amplifier, and the voltage of a second capacitor is used as the reverse input of the second amplifier; and the outputs of the first amplifier and the second amplifier are respectively used as the direct set end input and the direct reset end input of the latch, and the output end of the latch is used as the PWM output end.
2. The constant power output control method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1, sampling of load current is realized by matching an operational amplifier with a current mirror; the sampling of the supply voltage is realized by means of resistance voltage division.
3. The constant power output control method according to claim 1, wherein: setting the capacitance value C1 of the first capacitor, the capacitance value C2 of the second capacitor, the value of the reference current Iref, the value of the reference voltage Vref, and the values of the proportionality coefficients K1 and K2 according to the power value Po of the expected output; the expected output power value Po and the capacitance value C1 of the first capacitor, the capacitance value C2 of the second capacitor, the value of the reference current Iref, the value of the reference voltage Vref, and the values of the proportionality coefficients K1 and K2 satisfy the following relation:
。
4. the utility model provides a constant power output control chip, includes sampling circuit, arithmetic circuit and PWM output circuit, its characterized in that: which realizes a constant power output using the constant power output control method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3.
5. The constant power output control chip according to claim 4, wherein: the arithmetic circuit comprises a power supply voltage arithmetic circuit and a load current arithmetic circuit, wherein the power supply voltage arithmetic circuit amplifies the sampled power supply voltage according to a proportionality coefficient K2, and the load current arithmetic circuit amplifies the sampled load current according to a proportionality coefficient K1.
6. The constant power output control chip according to claim 5, wherein: the supply voltage operation circuit further comprises a second capacitor and a second amplifier, the second capacitor is charged through the set reference current Iref, the amplified sampled supply voltage is used as the forward input of the second amplifier, the voltage of the second capacitor is used as the reverse input of the second amplifier, and the control of the output period of the PWM is realized.
7. The constant power output control chip according to claim 6, wherein: the load current operation circuit further comprises a first capacitor and a first amplifier, the first capacitor is charged through the amplified sampled load current, the voltage of the first capacitor is used as the reverse input of the first amplifier, the set reference voltage Vref is used as the forward input of the first amplifier, and the control of the ON time of the PWM is realized.
8. A constant power output device, characterized by: which employs the constant power output control method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 to achieve a constant power output.
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