CN114349897B - Preparation method and novel antifouling application of bionic hydrophilic magnetic-control high-length-diameter ratio cilia - Google Patents
Preparation method and novel antifouling application of bionic hydrophilic magnetic-control high-length-diameter ratio cilia Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of bionic hydrophilic magnetically-controllable high-length-diameter ratio cilia, and belongs to the technical field of structural bionic materials. Inspired by self-cleaning of cilia on the wing surface of the fly and a leg brush, the synthetic hydrophilic polymer and water interact to form a hydration layer on the surface, so that the adhesion of bacteria, other microorganisms and organic matters is reduced. In addition, the hydrophilic polymer is fixed on the surface of the cilia by covalent grafting, so that the hydrophilic polymer and the cilia have strong adhesion. Due to the magnetic control swinging action given by the magnetic particles, the instability of the surface of the cilia can reduce the adhesion of pollutants, and the magnetic rotation can realize active antifouling. The bionic hydrophilic magnetic control cilia with the high length-diameter ratio are prepared by the method, the novel application and principle of cilia antifouling are explored, the cooperative physical antifouling method has a long-term antifouling effect, is environment-friendly and green, has no pollution, and effectively solves the pollution problem of marine equipment and ships.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of structural bionic materials. In particular to a preparation method of bionic hydrophilic magnetic control cilium with high length-diameter ratio and new antifouling application.
Background
Marine pollution is a serious problem, leading to increased hydrodynamic drag and fuel consumption. Biological corrosion affects the normal operation of ships, marine instruments and facilities and shortens their service life. Economically, it is estimated that by 2024, the global market for commercial marine coatings will scale over $ 150 billion. From an environmental and ecological point of view, biological pollution causes ships to consume more fuel, which means more greenhouse gas emissions. Organisms attached to ships may travel with the ship to which they are attached and spread to sea areas remote from their habitat, becoming biological intruders, affecting the local ecosystem. The safety impact of biofouling is mainly reflected in the bio-corrosion of metals and concrete, since fouling organisms secrete biological acids and deteriorate the material. Aiming at the problems, the current situation of the domestic and foreign antifouling development is as follows:
1. mechanical removal and fresh water rinsing
Biofouling on the ship bottom, marine facilities and instrument surfaces is removed primarily by mechanical means followed by high pressure gun flushing. The mechanical clearing method is simple and convenient to operate. But the temporary solution is not the permanent solution, the equipment needs to be lifted to the shore, and the incompletely removed organic layer and the bacterial membrane quickly become the nutrient materials of the next bacteria to promote the propagation.
2. Electrolyzed water
The principle is that electrolytic reaction is carried out under direct current, chlorine is generated at an anode, and sodium hydroxide and hydrogen are generated at a cathode. Chlorine generates strong oxidant sodium hypochlorite under alkaline condition, thereby playing the role of sterilization and algae removal. However, electrolysis consumes a large amount of energy, and the application conditions are harsh, which is an experimental condition and difficult to apply on a large scale.
3. Photocatalysis
The principle is that under the condition of illumination, semiconductor materials can generate electrons and holes, and when the semiconductor materials meet water, active free radicals can be generated, and the free radicals can decompose cell membranes of bacteria and algae through oxidation. The method can effectively kill bacteria. But the free radicals only have short-distance sterilization effect, and then bacteria can be further propagated on the basis, so that long-term antifouling is difficult to achieve.
4. Antifouling paint
The most used antifouling means at present are the application of antifouling paint, including natural antifouling agent and synthetic analogue, artificial antifouling agent and micro-nano antifouling structure imitating biological surface. The method can prevent the pollution of the surface coating from the source, but needs the assistance of external water flow or can not achieve the long-term antifouling effect.
The above methods can solve the problem of marine fouling, but have cost problems and problems that cannot be solved for a long time to different degrees.
Disclosure of Invention
The preparation method of the bionic hydrophilic magnetically controllable high-length-diameter ratio cilia inspired by the self-cleaning surface combining the cilia of the wings of the fly and the hair brushes of the legs comprises the following steps:
1) Preparing a magnetic cilium structure with a high aspect ratio;
2) Synthesizing a hydrophilic polymer;
3) Grafting of hydrophilic polymers on the ciliated surface;
new use of bionic hydrophilic magnetic-control cilium with high length-diameter ratio for antifouling.
The specific method of step 1) is as follows: the magnetic control particles are doped into the flexible polymer material, and the magnetic control particles and the flexible polymer material are uniformly dispersed to obtain a mixture; pouring the mixture into the master plate, taking out the cured product from the master plate to obtain a magnetic control cilium structure with a high length-diameter ratio, or preparing the magnetic control cilium structure with the high length-diameter ratio by using an additive manufacturing technology; the mother plate is a metal plate with a hole array, the diameter of the hole is 100 nm-500 μm, the length-diameter ratio is 5-20, and the hole distance is 300 nm-800 μm; the ratio of the depth of the holes to the distance is 3-7;
the master mask is prepared by photoetching, laser direct writing or nano-imprinting;
the magnetic particle comprises: iron-based crystalline alloy, amorphous soft magnetic alloy, and ultra-microcrystalline soft magnetic alloy;
the magnetic particles are preferably ferroferric oxide particles, carbonyl iron powder, iron-copper-neodymium-silicon-boron alloy, yttrium oxide particles and silicon oxide hydroxyl magnetic beads;
the flexible polymer material is preferably one of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyester (PET), polyimide (PI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS);
the specific method of step 2) is as follows: hydrophilic or amphiphilic micromolecules, and micromolecules which can be covalently grafted on a substrate are subjected to copolymerization reaction for 0.5-8h at 40-70 ℃ under the initiation of a thermal initiator Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), so that a hydrophilic polymer B is synthesized.
The mass ratio of the hydrophilic small molecule or the amphiphilic small molecule to the small molecule which can be covalently grafted on the substrate is (100-20): 1;
the hydrophilic particles are hydrophilic micromolecules or zwitterions, and the mass ratio of the hydrophilic particles to the micromolecules which can be covalently grafted on the substrate is (100-20): 1;
the hydrophilic particles are preferably ethylene glycol-based micromolecules, acrylamide-based micromolecules, acrylonitrile, vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene and propylene;
the amphiphilic micromolecules are carboxyl betaine acrylic acid (CBMA), dimethyl acryloyl oxyethyl betaine (MPC)
The small molecule covalently grafted to the substrate is preferably 4-acryloxybenzophenone, 4- (allyloxy) benzophenone, 4-acryloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4- (methacryloyloxy) benzophenone, or 4,4-bis [2- (1-propenyl) phenoxy ] benzophenone;
the micromolecules which can be covalently grafted on the substrate contain a characteristic functional group benzophenone and a double bond, the double bond enables the micromolecules to be polymerized, and the benzophenone generates a free radical under the ultraviolet illumination and chemically reacts with the plasma-treated cilia A to generate a covalent bond;
step 3) covalently grafting the prepared hydrophilic polymer onto the plasma-treated cilia surface by ultraviolet irradiation.
The ultraviolet irradiation time is 1-30min, and the plasma treatment time is 1-10min;
the principle of the hydrophilic magnetic control cilium antifouling film with high length-diameter ratio is that a hydrophilic antifouling polymer forms a hydration layer on the surface through charge action or hydrogen bond interaction, so that the adhesive force of bacteria, other microorganisms and organic matters is reduced. In addition, the hydrophilic polymer is fixed on the surface of the cilia by a covalent grafting method, so that the structure of the surface of the cilia is modified, and the roughness is reduced. The cilia themselves can be actively prevented from fouling due to the magnetic control swinging action given by the magnetic particles. The bionic hydrophilic magnetic-control high-length-diameter ratio cilia preparation method and the new antifouling application are remarkable in manufacturing easiness, green, pollution-free, multiple antifouling functions, reusability, low price and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) Ionic solvation of hydrophilic polymers, particularly zwitterionic polymers, results in strong water retention, provides high enthalpy of hydration, and binds large numbers of water molecules to surface charges, resulting in denser hydration layers with excellent stain resistance.
(2) The benzophenone group component in the hydrophilic polymer is covalently grafted with the polymer under ultraviolet irradiation, so that the acting force of the polymer and the substrate is increased.
(3) The magnetic control cilia structure with a high length-diameter ratio generates micro fluctuation on the surface of the magnetic control cilia structure under the magnetic control of a certain frequency, and can obviously reduce the attachment of pollutants which are small to micro-nano bacteria and large to macroscopic.
(4) High aspect ratio ciliary beating promotes contaminant desorption, mimicking the combination of fly wing cilia with leg brushes.
(5) Modification of the hydrophilic polymer masks possible ciliary structural defects, making it difficult for contaminants to attach.
(6) Green and pollution-free: in the using process, a physical anti-sticking method and a chemical surface anti-fouling method are used, and the pollution to the environment is not involved.
(7) And the short-term long-term antifouling function can be realized through the cooperative antifouling of active desorption and passive anti-adhesion.
Drawings
FIG. 1 principle of binding of hydrophilic cilia to a substrate
FIG. 2 ciliary magnetic control transition mechanism
Figure 3 is a superimposed view of the magnetic cilia rotation
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the anti-bacterial adhesion properties
Detailed Description
The technical solutions adopted by the present invention are further explained and illustrated below in the form of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
Preparation of magnetically controlled cilia structures with high aspect ratio
Mixing 1g of Polydimethoxysiloxane (PDMS) and a curing agent in a mass ratio of 10:1, uniformly mixing, stirring and ultrasonically treating for 10min to obtain a viscous mixture. And 3g of carbonyl iron powder is mixed with the mixture, and the mixture is subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 10min to obtain a uniformly dispersed magnetic prepolymer. The magnetic prepolymer was poured into a commercially available AAO aluminum orifice plate (pore diameter 100nm, aspect ratio 7, pore spacing 300 nm), evacuated at room temperature for 30min, and cured at 80 ℃ for 3h. The magnetic cilium structure with high length-diameter ratio is corroded by 1M copper sulfate and 1M sodium hydroxide solution for 30min respectively.
Synthesis of hydrophilic polymers
0.5g of polyethylene glycol methacrylate, 0.02g of 4-acryloyloxybenzophenone and 0.005g of 2, 2-azobisisobutyronitrile were dissolved in 5mL of ethanol and sonicated for 5min. Heating in water bath at 65 deg.C for 2 hr to obtain viscous polymer.
Grafting of hydrophilic polymers onto ciliated surfaces
Treating the magnetic high-length-diameter ratio cilia with plasma for 3min, coating hydrophilic polymer on the cilia, irradiating with ultraviolet lamp for 1min to obtain hydrophilic modified high-length-diameter ratio magnetically-controllable cilia, and drying at 60 deg.C for 4h.
Bionic hydrophilic magnetic-control high-length-diameter ratio cilium antifouling new application
The rotating speed of the magnet is set to be 100Hz, the vertical height from the center of the cilia is 1cm, the horizontal distance from the center of the cilia is 0.5cm, and short-term and long-term antifouling is realized through the combination of active antifouling and passive antifouling.
Example 2
Preparation of magnetically controlled cilia structures with high aspect ratio
6mmol polycaprolactone diol-400 (PCL 4000) and 12mmol diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) were dissolved in 160ml Dimethylformamide (DMF) to give a homogeneous solution, which was reacted at 80 ℃ for 2h, 16mmol MDI was added to the solution and reacted for 2h, and 6mmol glycerol was added and reacted for 1h. Finally, triethylamine was added to neutralize the mixture. Superparamagnetic ferroferric oxide magnetic nanoparticles were added to a solution of SMP (20% wt%) in DMF and stirred for 10min.
The aperture and the space of the laser marking are 50 microns, the number of marking turns is three, and the laser-marked hole array die is obtained.
Pouring the liquid into a laser-marked hole array mold, degassing for 30min in vacuum, and curing at 80 ℃ for 24h to obtain a cilium structure.
Synthesis of hydrophilic polymers
0.5g of carboxybetaine acrylic acid (CBMA), 0.03g of 4- (allyloxy) benzophenone, and 0.005g of 2, 2-azobisisobutyronitrile were dissolved in 5mL of ethanol and sonicated for 5min. Heating in water bath at 70 deg.C for 1h to obtain viscous polymer.
Grafting of hydrophilic polymers onto ciliated surfaces
Treating the magnetic cilia with the high length-diameter ratio for 3min by using plasma, coating hydrophilic polymers on the cilia, irradiating the cilia for 1min by using an ultraviolet lamp to obtain hydrophilic modified magnetic control cilia with the high length-diameter ratio, and drying the cilia at 60 ℃ for 4h.
Bionic hydrophilic magnetic-control high-length-diameter ratio cilium antifouling new application
The rotating speed of the magnet is set to be 100Hz, the vertical height from the center of the cilia is 1cm, the horizontal distance from the center of the cilia is 2cm, and short-term and long-term antifouling is realized through the combination of active antifouling and passive antifouling.
Example 3
Preparation of magnetically controlled cilia structures with high aspect ratio
Dissolving PVA124 beads in deionized water, heating in 85 deg.C water bath for 30min, adding yttrium oxide particles into the solution, and stirring. After the particles are uniformly distributed in the solution, pouring the solution into a laser-marked hole array mold, degassing for 30min in vacuum, and curing at 80 ℃ for 1h to obtain a cilium structure.
Synthesis of hydrophilic polymers
0.5g of carboxybetaine acrylic acid (CBMA), 0.03g of 4- (allyloxy) benzophenone and 0.005g of 2, 2-azobisisobutyronitrile were dissolved in 5mL of ethanol and sonicated for 5min. Heating in water bath at 70 deg.C for 1h to obtain viscous polymer.
Grafting of hydrophilic polymers onto ciliated surfaces
Treating the magnetic high-length-diameter ratio cilia with plasma for 3min, coating hydrophilic polymer on the cilia, irradiating with ultraviolet lamp for 1min to obtain hydrophilic modified high-length-diameter ratio magnetically-controllable cilia, and drying at 60 deg.C for 4h.
Bionic hydrophilic magnetic-control high-length-diameter ratio cilium antifouling new application
The rotating speed of the magnet is set to be 100Hz, the vertical height from the center of the cilia is 1cm, the horizontal distance from the center of the cilia is 1cm, and short-term and long-term antifouling is realized through the combination of active antifouling and passive antifouling.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the bionic hydrophilic magnetically controllable cilia with the high length-diameter ratio is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
1) Preparing a magnetic cilium structure with a high aspect ratio;
2) Synthesizing a hydrophilic polymer;
3) Grafting of hydrophilic polymers on the ciliated surface;
the specific method of step 1) is as follows: doping magnetic particles into a flexible polymer material, and uniformly dispersing the magnetic particles and the flexible polymer material to obtain a mixture; pouring the mixture into a mother plate, taking out the cured product from the mother plate to obtain a magnetic control cilia structure with high length-diameter ratio, or preparing the magnetic control cilia structure with high length-diameter ratio by using an additive manufacturing technology; the mother plate is a metal plate with a hole array, the diameter of the hole is 100 nm-500 μm, the length-diameter ratio is 5-20, and the hole distance is 300 nm-800 μm; the ratio of the depth of the holes to the distance is 3-7;
the magnetic particle comprises: iron-based crystalline alloy, amorphous soft magnetic alloy, and ultra-microcrystalline soft magnetic alloy;
the specific method of step 2) is as follows: hydrophilic or amphiphilic micromolecules which are subjected to copolymerization reaction with micromolecules which can be covalently grafted to a substrate for 0.5-8h at 40-70 ℃ under the initiation of a thermal initiator azobisisobutyronitrile, so as to generate a hydrophilic polymer B; the mass ratio of the hydrophilic small molecule or the amphiphilic small molecule to the small molecule which can be covalently grafted on the substrate is (100-20): 1;
the micromolecules which can be covalently grafted on the substrate contain a characteristic functional group benzophenone and a double bond, the double bond enables the micromolecules to be polymerized, and the benzophenone generates a free radical under the ultraviolet illumination and chemically reacts with the plasma-treated cilia A to generate a covalent bond;
the ultraviolet irradiation time is 1-30min, and the plasma treatment time is 1-10min.
Step 3) covalently grafting the prepared hydrophilic polymer onto the plasma-treated cilia surface by ultraviolet irradiation.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the master mask is prepared by photolithography, laser direct writing or nanoimprint lithography.
3. The method for preparing the bionic hydrophilic magnetically-controllable cilia with the high length-diameter ratio according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic particles are ferroferric oxide particles, carbonyl iron powder, iron-copper-neodymium-silicon-boron alloy, yttrium oxide particles or silicon oxide hydroxyl magnetic beads.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the flexible polymer material is one of polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyimide, polyethylene naphthalate, and polydimethylsiloxane.
5. The method for preparing bionic hydrophilic magnetically-controllable high-length-diameter-ratio cilia according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic small molecules are ethylene glycol-based small molecules, acrylamide-based small molecules, acrylonitrile, vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, and propylene; the amphiphilic micromolecules are carboxyl betaine acrylic acid and dimethyl acryloyl oxyethyl betaine.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the small molecule covalently grafted to the substrate is 4-acryloxybenzophenone, 4- (allyloxy) benzophenone, 4-acryloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4- (methacryloyloxy) benzophenone, or 4,4-bis [2- (1-propenyl) phenoxy ] benzophenone.
7. A biomimetic, hydrophilic, magnetically controllable high aspect ratio cilium prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The use of the biomimetic hydrophilic magnetically controllable high aspect ratio cilia according to claim 7 for anti-fouling, wherein under the action of a magnetic field, the forced curved portions of the cilia contact the substrate and are continuously whipped to remove the substrate contaminants as the magnetic field changes.
9. The new use of the bionic hydrophilic magnetically-controlled cilia with high length-diameter ratio in claim 8 for preventing fouling, wherein the magnetic field makes the cilia perform oblique-cone-like motion.
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