CN114346624B - Preparation method of titanium alloy pressure-resistant spherical shell - Google Patents
Preparation method of titanium alloy pressure-resistant spherical shell Download PDFInfo
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- CN114346624B CN114346624B CN202210250205.XA CN202210250205A CN114346624B CN 114346624 B CN114346624 B CN 114346624B CN 202210250205 A CN202210250205 A CN 202210250205A CN 114346624 B CN114346624 B CN 114346624B
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a titanium alloy pressure-resistant spherical shell, which comprises the following steps: providing a titanium alloy spherical shell mould pressing plate and a sealing flange blank; heating the spherical shell mould pressing plate to 890-950 ℃ for hot mould pressing, wherein the hot mould pressing is carried out by placing the spherical shell mould pressing plate on a steel protection lining plate, and the stamping rate of the hot mould pressing is less than or equal to 80mm/s, so as to obtain a mould pressing hemisphere; argon arc welding spot welding is respectively carried out on welding butt-joint parts of the die-pressing hemisphere and the sealing flange blank, and then electron beam welding is carried out under the conditions that the acceleration voltage is 135 to 145kV, the focusing current is 2040 to 2140mA, and the welding speed is 10 to 15mm/s, so that a welding hemisphere shell is obtained; and sequentially machining and heat treating the welded hemispherical shell. The pressure-resistant spherical shell prepared by the method has high dimensional precision and good welding quality, and can meet the requirements of underwater large-depth application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pressure-resistant cabins, in particular to a preparation method of a titanium alloy pressure-resistant spherical shell.
Background
The submarine pressure-resistant spherical shell in the field of ocean engineering is an indispensable important component in deep sea equipment and is a 'protective cover' necessary for normal work of electronic equipment and the like in various submergence vehicles and underwater equipment. In seawater, the attenuation of light waves or radio waves is much greater than that of sound waves. Therefore, in the development of marine services, sonar technology is widely used for searching ships and torpedoes and detecting underwater targets. In sonar signal collecting apparatuses, acoustic materials and pressure-resistant containers of various properties are required. At present, the method has wide application and urgent need in the aspects of ocean resource development and national defense equipment.
The pressure-resistant spherical shell for the ocean information system has a complex structure, high requirements on materials and high manufacturing difficulty, and becomes a key link in the field. The pressure-resistant equipment for the underwater signal collecting device of the marine information system needs to work in seawater for a long time, and the reliability of the equipment is seriously threatened due to the very complicated and severe marine environment such as typhoon, sea wave, ocean current, sea ice, tide and seabed earthquake which exist all year round; in addition, seawater corrosion, marine organism adhesion, foundation soil erosion, deep sea water pressure and the like impose harsh requirements on materials of equipment structural members, and the service safety and durability of the equipment structural members can be directly influenced.
The titanium alloy has excellent sound transmission performance, signal attenuation resistance and seawater corrosion resistance (including static corrosion resistance, dynamic corrosion resistance under cyclic loading conditions and the like), and also has higher specific strength. Therefore, the titanium and the titanium alloy are used for preparing the shell of the ocean high-pressure sound-transmitting pressure-resisting structure, have great advantages and have very important significance for improving the operation capability, safety and reliability of ocean engineering equipment.
However, the underwater titanium alloy pressure-resistant spherical cabin has special structure and high performance requirement, and the overall preparation difficulty is higher. The titanium alloy pressure-resistant spherical cabin produced by the traditional preparation method is difficult to meet the application requirements under the underwater large-depth high-pressure environment.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the preparation method of the titanium alloy pressure-resistant spherical shell is needed to be provided, which has higher dimensional precision and better welding quality and can meet the requirement of large-depth underwater application.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a titanium alloy pressure-resistant spherical shell comprises the following steps:
providing a titanium alloy spherical shell mould pressing plate and a sealing flange blank;
heating the spherical shell mould pressing plate to 890-950 ℃ for hot mould pressing, wherein the hot mould pressing is carried out by placing the spherical shell mould pressing plate on a steel protective lining plate, and the stamping rate of the hot mould pressing is less than or equal to 80mm/s, so as to obtain a mould pressing hemisphere;
respectively carrying out argon arc welding spot welding on the welding butt joint parts of the molded hemisphere and the sealing flange blank, and then carrying out electron beam welding under the conditions that the acceleration voltage is 135kV to 145kV, the focusing current is 2040 mA to 2140mA, and the welding speed is 10 mm/s to 15mm/s to obtain a welding hemisphere shell; and
and sequentially machining and heat treating the welded hemispherical shell.
In some of these embodiments, the electron beam welding is performed in a vacuum chamber having a vacuum level of < 1X 10 -1 Pa, electron beam gun vacuum degree < 1 × 10 -3 Pa。
In some of these embodiments, the process conditions for the heat treatment are as follows:
vacuum degree less than or equal to 1 x 10 -2 Pa, the heat treatment temperature is 500-700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 180-300 min.
In some of these embodiments, the heat treatment is performed in a furnace, in which a titanium plate is used to isolate the welded hemispherical shell from the bottom wall of the furnace.
In some of these embodiments, the hot embossing comprises the steps of:
preheating the spherical shell mould pressing plate to 400-450 ℃, and then heating to 890-950 ℃, wherein the heat preservation time is (0.8-1.5) x h min; wherein h is the thickness of the spherical shell mould pressing plate, and the unit is mm; hot die pressing is carried out, and the final pressing temperature is controlled to be not lower than 700 ℃; hot molding was repeated 2 to 5 times.
In some embodiments, the argon arc welding process is performed with argon protection on the welding position, and the color of the welding seam at the welding position is controlled to be silvery white or light yellow.
In some embodiments, in the argon arc welding process, the welding current is 70 to 120A, and the argon flow is 10 to 20L/min.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises the step of preparing the sealing flange blank:
perforating a titanium alloy forging plate blank, and then carrying out ring rolling; wherein the ring rolling temperature is the beta-phase transformation temperature T of the titanium alloy forging plate blank β The ring rolling deformation is 20-40% at 50-20 deg.C.
In some embodiments, when the molded hemisphere and the sealing flange blank are subjected to argon arc welding spot welding, the gap between the molded hemisphere and the sealing flange blank is not more than 0.2mm.
In some embodiments, before the heat treatment, the method further comprises the step of welding an accessory to the machined welded hemispherical shell, wherein the accessory comprises at least one of a lifting lug base plate, a lifting lug, a lug and a movable outrigger.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the preparation method of the invention improves the titanium alloy hot die pressing process of the spherical shell die pressing plate, improves the welding process of the spherical shell and the flange blank, and combines machining and stress-relief heat treatment after welding, thereby effectively improving the size deviation and the success rate of the die pressing spherical shell, ensuring the strength of the pressure-resistant spherical shell, realizing the control of the welding defects of key parts such as the spherical shell, the flange blank and the like, and reducing the risk of product deformation. The titanium alloy pressure-resistant spherical shell prepared by the invention has high dimensional precision and good welding quality, and can meet the requirements of large-depth underwater application.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate embodiments of the present invention. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, as those skilled in the art will recognize without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
The titanium alloy pressure-resistant spherical cabin produced by the traditional preparation method is difficult to meet the application requirements under the underwater large-depth high-pressure environment. The inventor researches to find that the main reasons are as follows: the defects in the processing technology of the pressure-resistant spherical shell cause the problems that the spherical shell material is easy to generate uneven deformation, the plastic deformability of the material is poor, the spherical shell material is easy to crack and the like; moreover, the spherical shell needs to be welded with a plurality of components such as a flange, an inner spherical ring, a lifting lug, a cabin penetrating piece and a bracket, and due to the welding process, the problems that the joint is not matched with the base metal in strength, the residual stress is large and the deformation risk exists easily occur. In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a preparation method of a titanium alloy pressure-resistant spherical shell.
Some embodiments of the present invention provide a method for manufacturing a titanium alloy pressure-resistant spherical shell, including the following steps S100 to S400.
Step S100: a titanium alloy spherical shell die-pressed sheet and a sealing flange blank are provided.
Specifically, titanium alloy hot rolled plates are selected, blanking of the spherical shell plates is carried out according to the size of a target spherical shell, and round spherical shell mould pressing plates are obtained; and adopting a titanium alloy forging slab, perforating the titanium alloy forging slab, and then carrying out ring rolling to obtain an annular sealing flange blank.
In some of these embodiments, the sealing flange blank is prepared by a method comprising: firstly, perforating a titanium alloy forging plate blank according to a preset specification, and then carrying out ring rolling to form a sealing flange blank; wherein the ring rolling temperature is the beta phase transition temperature T of the titanium alloy forging plate blank β The temperature of the mixture is 50-20 ℃ (namely T) β -50 ℃~ T β -20 ℃) and controlling the deformation amount of ring rolling to be 20-40%.
Step S200: heating the spherical shell mould pressing plate to 890-950 ℃ for hot mould pressing, wherein the hot mould pressing is carried out by placing the spherical shell mould pressing plate on a steel protective lining plate, and the stamping rate of the hot mould pressing is less than or equal to 80mm/s, so as to obtain the mould pressing hemisphere.
In the hot die pressing process of the spherical shell die pressing plate, the technological parameters of the hot die pressing, particularly the stamping rate and the heating temperature of the hot die pressing have great influence on the die pressing of the plate. When the stamping speed of hot die pressing is too high, dislocation can be caused to rapidly plug and entangle at defects such as crystal boundaries, phase boundaries and the like, and a work hardening phenomenon is generated; when the heating temperature of the hot die pressing is not appropriate, the internal microstructure of the material can be changed; finally, the plastic deformation of the spherical shell material is difficult to perform, the material deformation is uneven, the material is easy to crack, and the like.
In addition, a steel protective lining plate is arranged below the spherical shell mould pressing plate as a base plate during hot mould pressing, so that the problems of surface quality such as cracking, wrinkling and the like of the titanium alloy after hot mould pressing caused by large deformation, too fast heat dissipation and high-temperature oxidation of the titanium alloy can be solved.
According to the invention, through researching and improving the hot die pressing process of the spherical shell die pressing plate, the plate is heated to 890-950 ℃, then the spherical shell die pressing plate is subjected to hot die pressing, in addition, the spherical shell die pressing plate is placed on a steel protection lining plate in the hot die pressing and heating process, and the stamping speed is controlled to be less than or equal to 80 mm/s. The spherical shell molding plate is subjected to hot molding under the condition, so that the plate has an equiaxial structure, good plastic deformability, uniform material deformation in the molding process, small thickness deviation of the spherical shell obtained after molding and high strength.
In some of these embodiments, the hot embossing comprises in particular the steps of:
preheating a spherical shell molded plate to 400-450 ℃, then heating to 890-950 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 0.8-1.5 x h min, wherein h is the thickness of the spherical shell molded plate and the unit of h is mm; then hot die pressing is carried out, and the final pressing temperature is controlled to be not lower than 700 ℃; and repeating the hot molding operation for 2 to 5 times (namely repeating the heating, heat preservation and hot molding steps for 2 to 5 times) to obtain the molded hemisphere. And checking whether the surface quality and the deformation part contacted with the upper die are abnormal or not after each pressing, immediately heating in a furnace if the surface quality is poor or the deformation part is abnormal, and performing air cooling after punching forming. Under the condition of hot die pressing, the size and success rate of the die pressing spherical shell can be ensured.
Step S300: roughly processing, polishing and cleaning the welding end butt joint surfaces of the die pressing hemisphere and the sealing flange blank; carrying out argon arc welding spot welding on the molded hemisphere and the sealing flange blank, and then carrying out electron beam welding under the conditions that the acceleration voltage is 135kV to 145kV, the focusing current is 2040 mA to 2140mA, and the welding speed is 10 mm/s to 15mm/s, so as to obtain the welded hemisphere shell.
Before welding the molded hemisphere and the sealing flange blank, a welding positioning block is processed on the outer surface of the molded hemisphere, the molded hemisphere and the sealing flange blank are clamped on a machine tool through a tool respectively, and the butt joint surface of the welding end of the molded hemisphere and the sealing flange blank is subjected to rough machining treatment, so that the welding end can meet the requirement of electron beam welding. Then, all the portions to be welded (butt end faces) to be electron beam welded are ground and cleaned. And then assembling the molded hemisphere and the sealing flange blank in place on a welding tool, fixing the molded hemisphere and the sealing flange blank at a welding end by using an argon arc welding mode, then performing electron beam welding under the conditions that the acceleration voltage is 135kV to 145kV, the focusing current is 2040 mA to 2140mA, and the welding speed is 10 mm/s to 15mm/s, and performing X-ray detection on a welding seam after the welding is finished to obtain a welded hemisphere shell.
According to the invention, the welding process in the traditional preparation method is improved, and the molded hemisphere and the sealed flange blank are welded by adopting the welding method under the specific welding condition, so that the welding defect control of the key part of the molded hemisphere and the flange part is realized, the problems of strength mismatch between a welding joint and a base material and large residual stress are solved, and the risk of product deformation is reduced.
In some of these embodiments, the electron beam welding is performed in a vacuum chamber having a vacuum level of < 1X 10 -1 Pa, vacuum degree of electron beam gun < 1 × 10 -3 Pa. The electron beam welding is carried out in the vacuum environment, so that the welding quality can be further improved, and the performance of the pressure-resistant spherical shell is improved.
In some embodiments, during the process of performing argon arc welding spot welding on the molded hemisphere and the sealing flange blank, argon gas protection is performed on the welding position, and the color of the welding seam at the welding position is controlled to be silvery white or light yellow. In the argon arc welding process, the welding current is controlled to be 70A-120A, and the argon flow is controlled to be 10L/min-20L/min. When the die pressing hemisphere and the sealing flange blank are subjected to argon arc welding spot welding, the clearance between the die pressing hemisphere and the sealing flange blank is controlled to be not more than 0.2mm. Therefore, the welding quality can be further ensured, and the welding defects are reduced.
Because the pressure-resistant spherical cabin needs to work in deep sea for a long time, the working condition is poor, the external water pressure of the equipment is high, and a large number of electronic components need to be protected in the cabin. Therefore, high demands are made on the sealing quality of the pressure-resistant ball chamber. In the preparation method, the flatness and the smoothness of the welding end butt-joint surface of the sealing flange blank are strictly ensured in the process of processing the welding end butt-joint surface of the sealing flange blank.
Step S400: and sequentially carrying out machining and heat treatment on the welded hemispherical shell.
After the die pressing hemisphere and the sealing flange blank are welded to obtain the welding hemisphere shell, the welding hemisphere shell is continuously machined, and other accessories and heat treatment of the pressure-resistant ball cabin are welded. Specifically, an upper welding hemispherical shell and a lower welding hemispherical shell are buckled on a machine tool machining seat, the center position of the top of the upper welding hemispherical shell and the center position of the top of the lower welding hemispherical shell are found and fixed, the positions of lifting lugs and side lugs of the welding hemispherical shells are subjected to finish machining, and machining size control needs to be considered with overall product thickness size control and inner and outer diameter size control; then, multilayer interval overlaying welding is carried out on the lifting lug base plate, the lifting lugs and the side lugs on the welding hemispherical shells through manual argon arc welding; carrying out manual argon arc combined welding on the movable force-bearing supports inside and outside the spherical shell; and then the welded parts are subjected to heat treatment.
In some of these embodiments, the welded components are heat treated in a vacuum furnace. When the furnace is charged in the heat treatment process, a titanium plate is adopted to isolate the contact position of the welding hemispherical shell and the steel bottom wall of the heating furnace, the flat bedding is required, and the welded part is placed in the middle position of the furnace body of the heating furnace; under the vacuum degree of less than or equal to 1 × 10 -2 Pa, heat treatment is carried out at the heat treatment temperature of 500-700 ℃, and the heat treatment heat preservation time is 180-300 min.
The welded parts are subjected to heat treatment under the conditions, so that the residual stress of the welded welding seam part can be effectively eliminated, the deformability of the product is reduced, and the size precision of the product is improved.
After heat treatment, fine machining is carried out on an upper half-spherical shell, a lower half-spherical shell, a cabin penetrating mounting flange and an inner fixing support and an outer fixing support which are welded together, manual argon arc welding combined welding of the cabin penetrating mounting flange and the inner fixing support and the outer fixing support is carried out according to requirements, a sealing element is arranged between the two half-spherical shells and connected through bolts, and the titanium alloy pressure-resistant spherical cabin can be obtained.
In general, the preparation method improves the hot die pressing process of the titanium alloy, the welding process of the spherical shell and the flange blank, and combines machining and stress-removing heat treatment after welding, so that the size deviation and the success rate of the die-pressed spherical shell are improved, the strength of the pressure-resistant spherical shell is ensured, the welding defect control of key parts such as the spherical shell, the flange blank and the like is realized, and the risk of product deformation is reduced. The titanium alloy pressure-resistant spherical shell prepared by the invention has high dimensional precision and good welding quality, and can meet the requirements of large-depth underwater application.
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples and comparative examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the preparation method of the titanium alloy pressure-resistant spherical shell comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a TC4 ELI titanium alloy hot-rolled plate, and blanking the spherical shell plate according to the size of a target spherical shell to obtain a round spherical shell mould pressing plate with the size of phi 2000 multiplied by 32 mm; adopting TC4 ELI titanium alloy forging plate blank after being perforated at T β And (3) carrying out ring rolling at the temperature of minus 30 ℃, wherein the ring rolling deformation is 35%, and obtaining an annular sealing flange blank with the size of phi 1480/phi 1300 multiplied by 60 mm.
Step two: and (3) placing the spherical shell mould pressing plate in the center of a steel protection lining plate, fixing, then loading into a furnace, heating, and carrying out hot mould pressing to obtain the TC4 ELI titanium alloy mould pressing hemisphere, wherein the inner diameter of the mould pressing hemisphere is phi 1300 mm. Firstly, preheating an upper die and a blank holder to 450 ℃, then heating to 940 ℃, calculating the heat preservation time according to 1.3 min/mm, executing the furnace temperature in the heating period, and executing the temperature of a thermocouple on a workpiece in the heat preservation period; and then hot die pressing is carried out, the temperature drop is strictly controlled in the punching process, the final pressing temperature is controlled to be not lower than 700 ℃, the punching speed is 40mm/s, the forming is carried out for 3 times, the hot die is discharged from a furnace and quickly aligned and pressed, the surface quality and whether the deformation part in contact with the upper die are abnormal or not are checked in time after each pressing, if the abnormal situation occurs, the hot die is immediately put into the furnace for heating, and the hot die is cooled after the punching forming.
Step three: and processing a welding positioning block on the outer surface of the molded hemisphere, clamping the molded hemisphere and the sealing flange blank on a machine tool through a tool respectively, and roughly processing a joint edge at the welding end of the molded hemisphere and the sealing flange blank so that the welding end meets the welding requirement of an electron beam.
Step four: after polishing and cleaning the parts to be welded (welding butt joint parts) of all electron beam welding seams, assembling the die pressing hemisphere and the flange blank in place on a welding tool, and ensuring that the butt joint gap is not more than 0.2 mm; fixing the molded hemisphere and the flange blank by spot welding at the welding end in an argon arc welding mode, and then performing electron beam welding; and after welding, carrying out X-ray detection on the welding seam to obtain the welded hemispherical shell. Argon protection is carried out during manual argon arc welding, and the color of a welding seam at the welding position is guaranteed to be silvery white or light yellow; the argon arc welding current is 110A, and the argon flow is 15L/min; vacuum degree of vacuum chamber for electron beam welding is less than 0.7X 10 -1 Pa, vacuum degree of electron beam gun less than 1 × 10 -3 Pa, acceleration voltage of 140kV, focusing current of 2090mA, and welding speed of 13 mm/s.
Step five: the welding hemispherical shell is buckled on a machine tool machining seat, the top center position of the welding hemispherical shell is found out to be fixed, the lug position and the side lug position of the welding hemispherical shell are subjected to finish machining, and the finish machining size control is comprehensively considered with the overall thickness size control and the inner and outer diameter size control of a product. Multilayer interval overlaying welding is carried out on the lifting lug base plate, the lifting lugs and the side lugs on the welded hemispherical shell through manual argon arc welding; meanwhile, the movable force-bearing support inside and outside the spherical cabin is subjected to manual argon arc combined welding, and the welded parts are subjected to heat treatment to obtain the formed hemispherical shell. Before heat treatment and furnace charging, a titanium plate is used for isolating the contact position of the welded component and the steel base, the component is required to be flatly laid, the component is required to be placed in the middle of a furnace body, a vacuum heating furnace is used for heat treatment, and the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa, the temperature is 620 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 240 min.
And performing finish machining on the molded hemispherical shells, the cabin-penetrating mounting flange and the inner and outer fixed supports, performing manual argon arc welding combined welding on the cabin-penetrating mounting flange and the inner and outer fixed supports according to requirements, arranging a sealing element between the two hemispherical shells, and connecting the two hemispherical shells through bolts to finally obtain the titanium alloy pressure-resistant spherical cabin with the inner diameter of phi 1310 mm, the spherical shell thickness of 22 mm and the flange plate outer diameter of phi 1460 mm.
The performance of the prepared titanium alloy pressure-resistant spherical cabin is tested, the test method is executed according to GB/T228.1, and the test result is shown in Table 1.
Example 2:
the preparation method of the embodiment 2 is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, and only differs from the embodiment 1 in that: in the hot die pressing and heating process of the second step, the die pressing heat preservation temperature is 920 ℃, and the die pressing speed is 70 mm/s.
The performance of the prepared titanium alloy pressure-resistant spherical cabin is tested, the test method is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the test results are shown in table 1.
Example 3:
the preparation method of the example 3 is basically the same as that of the example 1, and only differs from the example 1 in that: in the electron beam welding process of the fourth step, the accelerating voltage is 135kV, the focusing current is 2100mA, and the welding speed is 12 mm/s.
The performance of the prepared titanium alloy pressure-resistant spherical cabin is tested, the test method is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the test results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1:
the comparative example was prepared in substantially the same manner as example 1, except that as compared with example 1: in the hot die pressing and heating process of the second step, the spherical shell die pressing plate is not placed on the steel protective lining plate, and the heating temperature of the hot die pressing is 970 ℃.
The performance of the prepared titanium alloy pressure-resistant spherical cabin is tested, the test method is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the test results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 2:
the comparative example was prepared in essentially the same manner as example 1, differing from example 1 only in that: in the electron beam welding process of the fourth step, the acceleration voltage is 130 kV, the focusing current is 2020 mA, and the welding speed is 16 mm/s.
The performance of the prepared titanium alloy pressure-resistant spherical cabin is tested, the test method is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the test results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 3:
the comparative example was prepared in essentially the same manner as example 1, differing from example 1 only in that: in the electron beam welding process of the fourth step, the acceleration voltage is 150 kV, the focusing current is 2150 mA, and the welding speed is 16 mm/s.
The performance of the prepared titanium alloy pressure-resistant spherical cabin is tested, the test method is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the test results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 4:
the comparative example was prepared in substantially the same manner as example 1, except that as compared with example 1: and step five, the welded parts are not subjected to heat treatment.
The performance of the prepared titanium alloy pressure-resistant spherical cabin is tested, the test method is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the test results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 5:
the comparative example was prepared in essentially the same manner as example 1, differing from example 1 only in that: and in the hot die pressing process of the second step, the punching speed is 110 mm/s.
The performance of the prepared titanium alloy pressure-resistant spherical cabin is tested, the test method is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the test results are shown in table 1.
Table 1 performance test results of pressure-resistant capsules of examples and comparative examples
As can be seen from table 1, in comparative example 1, the spherical shell molded plate was not placed on the steel protective liner during the hot molding heating process, and the heating temperature of the hot molding was 970 ℃, which was higher than the hot molding temperature of the preparation method of the present invention. The microstructure of the prepared pressure-resistant spherical shell is a Widmannstatten structure, the tensile strength and the yield strength of the pressure-resistant spherical shell are both obviously reduced, the thickness deviation of the molded spherical shell is about 7 mm, the inner concavity is about 5mm, and the size precision of the pressure-resistant spherical shell is obviously lower than that of the pressure-resistant spherical shell prepared by the invention.
In comparative example 2, the acceleration voltage was 130 kV, the focusing current was 2020 mA, and the welding speed was 16 mm/s during the electron beam welding; the accelerating voltage and the focusing current are lower than those of the preparation method, and the welding speed is higher than that of the preparation method. In comparative example 3, the acceleration voltage was 150 kV, the focusing current was 2150 mA, and the welding speed was 16 mm/s in the electron beam welding process; the accelerating voltage, the focusing current and the welding speed are all higher than those of the preparation method. Accordingly, unqualified situations such as incomplete weld penetration or serious weld collapse occur.
In comparative example 4, the welded parts were not heat treated in step five and the product was deformed during the subsequent finishing. When the dimensional allowance of the product is insufficient, the dimension of the final product may not meet the requirement.
All possible combinations of the technical features of the above embodiments may not be described for the sake of brevity, but should be considered as within the scope of the present disclosure as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is specific and detailed, but not to be understood as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and modifications are all within the scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the titanium alloy pressure-resistant spherical shell is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
providing a titanium alloy spherical shell mould pressing plate and a sealing flange blank;
heating the spherical shell mould pressing plate to 920-940 ℃ for hot mould pressing, wherein the hot mould pressing is carried out by placing the spherical shell mould pressing plate on a steel protective lining plate, and the stamping rate of the hot mould pressing is 40-70 mm/s, so as to obtain a mould pressing hemisphere;
respectively carrying out argon arc welding spot welding on the welding butt joint part of the molded hemisphere and the sealing flange blank, and then carrying out electron beam welding under the conditions that the accelerating voltage is 135 kV-140 kV, the focusing current is 2090 mA-2100 mA, and the welding speed is 12 mm/s-13 mm/s, so as to obtain a welded hemisphere shell; and
sequentially machining and heat treating the welded hemispherical shell;
the hot die pressing comprises the following steps:
preheating the spherical shell mould pressing plate to 400-450 ℃, then heating to 920-940 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 0.8-1.5 x h min; wherein h is the thickness of the spherical shell mould pressing plate, and the unit is mm; hot die pressing is carried out, and the final pressing temperature is controlled to be not lower than 700 ℃; hot die pressing is repeatedly carried out for 2-5 times;
the process conditions of the heat treatment are as follows:
vacuum degree less than or equal to 1 x 10 -2 Pa, the heat treatment temperature is 500-700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 180-300 min;
the electron beam welding is carried out in a vacuum chamber with vacuum degree less than 1 × 10 -1 Pa, electron beam gun vacuum degree < 1 × 10 -3 Pa；
Argon protection is carried out on the welding position in the argon arc welding process, and the color of the welding line at the welding position is controlled to be silvery white or light yellow; in the argon arc welding process, the welding current is 70-120A, and the argon flow is 10-20L/min.
2. The method for preparing the pressure-resistant spherical shell of titanium alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat treatment is carried out in a heating furnace, and the welded hemispherical shell is isolated from the bottom wall of the heating furnace by a titanium plate in the heat treatment.
3. The method for manufacturing a titanium alloy pressure-resistant spherical shell according to any of claims 1 to 2, further comprising the step of manufacturing the sealing flange blank:
and (3) perforating the titanium alloy forging slab, and then carrying out ring rolling.
4. The method for preparing the titanium alloy pressure-proof spherical shell according to claim 3, wherein the ring rolling temperature is the beta-phase transformation temperature T of the titanium alloy forging plate blank β Below 50 ℃ to 20 ℃.
5. The method for preparing the pressure-resistant spherical shell of titanium alloy as claimed in claim 3, wherein the deformation amount of the ring rolling is 20-40%.
6. The method for manufacturing the titanium alloy pressure-resistant spherical shell according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein when the molded hemisphere and the sealing flange blank are subjected to argon arc spot welding, a gap between the molded hemisphere and the sealing flange blank is not more than 0.2mm.
7. The method for preparing the titanium alloy pressure-resistant spherical shell according to any one of claims 1 to 2, further comprising a step of welding an accessory to the machined welded hemispherical shell before the heat treatment.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the attachment comprises at least one of a lifting lug base plate, a lifting lug, a lug, and a movable outrigger.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN100575533C (en) * | 2007-11-02 | 2009-12-30 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | A kind of heat treating process of titanium alloy in antivacuum furnace |
| CN104923603B (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2017-03-08 | 宝鸡钛业股份有限公司 | Bathyscaph manned sphere is with pressure titanium alloy hemisphere preparation technology |
| CN106735828B (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2019-11-12 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | A kind of horizontal rifle electro-beam welding method of large size spherical shell side seam |
| CN108890113B (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-11-26 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | A kind of pressure-resistant cabin hemispherical Shell and hatch part welding tooling and the method welded with it |
| CN110756958B (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2021-10-22 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | Welding deformation control method for titanium alloy thick plate |
| CN112297462A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2021-02-02 | 江苏新扬新材料股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method of rocket engine full composite material shell |
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