CN114342637A

CN114342637A - Clamping type peanut harvesting machine

Info

Publication number: CN114342637A
Application number: CN202111391165.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 高连兴; 周泉; 梁港平; 杨亚洲; 冯伟志; 袁军; 蔡依琳; 刘俊峰; 许顺; 赵清来; 杨丹; 孟祥雨; 王君; 王国建; 王洋; 尹慧敏; 周桂芬; 郭宏亮
Original assignee: Jilin Agricultural University
Current assignee: Jilin Agricultural University
Priority date: 2021-11-23
Filing date: 2021-11-23
Publication date: 2022-04-15
Anticipated expiration: 2041-11-23
Also published as: CN114342637B

Abstract

A clamping type peanut harvesting machine belongs to the technical field of peanut harvesting machines. Including frame and the coulter group, digger blade group, crowded hack roller, fixture, the hack roller that draws that set gradually along the frame, two coulter group and two digger blade group front and back symmetry set up in frame work front end both sides, and two crowded hack rollers that draw are located digger blade group rear both sides, and vertical rotation in opposite directions, with the coaxial setting of fixture's head end centre gripping sprocket, the hack roller sets up with fixture's tensioning sprocket is coaxial, and the mechanism of laying sets up at fixture is terminal. The invention can realize the cutting of the minimum rectangular section of the soil, and reduce the working resistance and the subsequent soil crushing separation difficulty; the peanut digging device can complete the peanut digging work of three-stage soil crushing and two-step separation, and changes the traditional passive soil crushing mode of conveying and removing soil into a multi-stage active extrusion crushing and removing soil; the longitudinal laying of plants can be realized, the excavation loss is low, the soil separation effect is good, the workload is small, and the strip laying quality is high.

Description

Clamping type peanut harvesting machine

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of peanut harvesting machines, and particularly relates to a clamping type peanut harvesting machine.

Background

However, the habit of peanut 'underground fruiting by flowering on the ground' is more in harvesting steps and more in technical difficulty than common grain and root crops, and a plurality of procedures such as digging, separating, removing soil, picking fruits and cleaning are needed. The labor intensity of manual harvesting is large, the efficiency is low, and the cost is high. At present, although the peanut digging basically realizes the mechanized operation, the mechanical technical performance needs to be improved urgently, particularly, the problems of loss and damage of the mechanical digging operation are very prominent, and the comprehensive exertion of the mechanical efficiency is severely restricted.

Digging, the primary link in peanut harvesting, refers to the operation of digging out the peanuts from the soil and removing the soil. Unlike common underground root tuber crops, peanut pods are embedded in soil, stems connecting underground pods and overground stems are small and easy to break, and soil is filled among pods and roots. When the soil tilth is poor, the soil, the peanut root system, the pod and the fruit stem form a whole body, the soil is not easy to break and dig, the peanut does not fall off the fruit and is not separated from the soil, the difficulty is high, the mechanism is complex, and the mechanical harvesting of the peanut is difficult.

The digging problem of peanuts is mainly divided into fruit loss and soil carrying, wherein the fruit loss is the loss caused by the pod falling into the soil or falling to the ground, and the soil carrying is the soil block formed by the pod or the root system of the peanuts and the soil, and the pods or the root system of the peanuts and the soil are still combined together after digging. Although direct loss is not caused by the soil, soil blocks are easy to fall off together with the pods in the subsequent conveying and soil removing process, and indirect loss is caused. For the current mainstream two-section peanut harvesting, on one hand, the peanut plant quality is increased and the center of mass position is changed by 'carrying soil', so that the laying quality of the peanut plant is reduced, the airing is influenced, the peanut mildew and aspergillus flavus infection is caused, and the peanut pod color is also influenced; on the other hand, the peanut strip laying quality is poor, the plant quality is large, the difficulty of subsequent picking and harvesting operation is increased, and the picking loss is increased; finally, the pod damage and the impurity content increase during picking because the soil block is hard, the mass is large and the fluidity is poor.

The peanut digger applied in China at present mainly comprises three basic types, namely, a shovel clamp combination type (also called clamping laying type, simply called clamping type), a shovel chain combination type (called shovel chain type or lifting chain type for short) and a shovel sieve combination type (called vibrating sieve type). Most of the digging work only uses a flat shovel without a slip corner, large digging resistance and a soil breaking function, the soil breaking separation work adopts more passive measures, for example, the shovel clamp type peanut digging machine mainly depends on the clamping and pulling action of a belt to separate plants from soil, most of the soil is removed in the clamping and conveying process, and the plants cannot be broken during separation, so that the quality of the plants is large, the clamping requirement and the difficulty are increased, meanwhile, machines and tools commonly adopt a transverse laying mechanism, the strip laying quality is poor, the stacking condition exists among the plants, and the subsequent operations such as airing, picking and the like are influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a clamping type peanut harvester which changes the traditional bottom layer flat cutting into vertical and inclined three-side soil cutting by a round coulter and a digging shovel, realizes the cutting of the minimum rectangular section and reduces the working resistance and the subsequent soil crushing separation difficulty; three-stage soil crushing and two-step separation work is realized through a variable-pitch extrusion soil crushing plate, an upturned soil crushing separation grid and a pair of vertical, active and opposite-rotating extrusion-drawing soil crushing rollers; further separating the soil in the clamping and conveying process by the soil removing roller; the longitudinal peanut strip laying is obtained through the combined action of the laying rod and the laying roller, and the digging, soil removing and laying work in the two-section peanut harvesting operation is completed.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the invention relates to a clamping type peanut harvester which comprises a rack, and a coulter group, a digging shovel group, a squeezing and pulling soil breaking roller, a clamping mechanism, a soil removing roller and a laying mechanism which are arranged on the rack, wherein the two coulter groups are symmetrically arranged at the front working end of the rack, an upper round coulter of the coulter group is positioned in a furrow at the outer side of a peanut, the two digging shovel groups are symmetrically arranged at two sides at the front working end of the rack, the tail ends of the two digging shovels are arranged in a concave angle shape, two shovel tips are positioned at the inner side of the round coulter, the two digging shovels are respectively provided with a squeezing soil breaking plate and a soil breaking separation grid, the two squeezing and pulling soil breaking rollers are positioned at two sides behind the digging shovel groups and rotate in opposite directions and are coaxially arranged with a clamping chain wheel at the head end of the clamping mechanism, the soil removing roller is coaxially arranged with a tensioning chain wheel of the clamping mechanism, and the laying mechanism is arranged at the tail end of the clamping mechanism.

Further, digger blade group is including digger blade, extrusion hack board, digger blade fixed arm and hack separation bars, digger blade fixed arm top sets up the fixed plate II of connecting the frame, is close to the crowded crushing soil board of earthing terminal installation, passes through the digger blade fixing base at the earthing terminal and connects the digger blade, sets up hack separation bars bottom the digger blade, extrudees the hack board and is located the hack separation bars outside.

Further, the shovel is arranged obliquely at an angle θ₁The range is as follows: 5 to 15 degrees.

Furthermore, the included angle between the two digging shovels is 2 times of the slip angle theta₂The range is as follows: 40-48 degrees, and the depth difference h between the digging shovel tip and the round plough knife bottom₁The range is as follows: 10-30 mm.

Furthermore, the extrusion soil crushing plate is composed of a straight line section and an arc section, a plurality of strip grooves are formed in the arc section at equal intervals, the tail end of each strip groove is a free end and is tangent to a horizontal line in the advancing direction of the machine, and the length S of the straight line section₁Is the length S of the arc segment₂0.2-0.3 times of the total arc length, wherein the arc line segment is obliquely arranged relative to the horizontal plane at an oblique angle theta₄The range is as follows: 20 to 25 degrees.

Further, the extrusion height h of the extrusion crushing plate₂The range is as follows: 100-200 mm; the extrusion shrinkage ratio i of the two extrusion crushed soil plates is L₃/L₅1.25 to 1.4, wherein L₅Is the outlet width L between the two extrusion soil crushing plates₃The feeding width between the two extrusion soil crushing plates is obtained.

Furthermore, the soil breaking and separating grid is formed by integrating an installation part and a grid part, the grid part is inclined to the horizontal plane, and the upwarp angle theta is larger than the upwarp angle theta₃Is 15 degrees to 21 degrees, and the distance L between the grid bars₂Is 40-80 mm.

Furthermore, the squeezing and pulling soil crushing roller is composed of a plurality of angle irons uniformly arranged along the outer circumference of a sleeve, the inner part of the squeezing and pulling soil crushing roller is hollow, and the squeezing and pulling soil crushing roller is used for squeezing and pulling soil crushingRoller diameter D₁160-220 mm in height h₃100-160 mm, the shortest squeezing and pulling distance L of the two squeezing and pulling soil crushing rollers₆280-380 mm; extrusion-drawing soil crushing linear velocity v₁For clamping conveying line speed v₂1.2 to 1.7 times of the total weight of the powder.

Further, the soil removing roller has a back-tilting angle theta uniformly arranged along the outer circumference of the sleeve₅The back rake angle theta₅Is 10-25 degrees, and the diameter D of the soil removing roller₃110-130 mm in height h₄Is 50-80 mm.

Further, the laying mechanism comprises a laying rod and a laying roller, and the laying rod forms an inclined angle theta with the horizontal plane₆An upper laying rod and a lower laying rod which are arranged, wherein the radius R of the upper laying rod₂The range is as follows: 120-200 mm, radius R of lower laying rod₃The range is as follows: 230-300 mm, and the inclined angle theta of the laying rod₆The range is as follows: 10 to 30 degrees; the laying roller is composed of a sleeve and a laying roller which is uniformly arranged along the outer circumference of the sleeve and has a back inclination angle theta₇The back inclination angle theta₇The range is as follows: 20-30 DEG, diameter D of laying roller₄The range is as follows: 150-250 mm, height h₅The range is as follows: 80-120 mm.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention relates to a plough coulter group, a digging shovel group, a squeezing and pulling soil breaking roller, a clamping mechanism, a soil removing roller and a laying mechanism which are connected in a matching way, wherein a round plough coulter and a digging shovel are adopted to change the traditional bottom layer flat cutting into inclined and vertical three-surface soil cutting, the cutting of the minimum rectangular section is realized, the current mainstream flat shovel large-area soil cutting is replaced, the power consumption is large, the working mode of serious soil damage is realized, and the working resistance and the subsequent soil breaking and separating difficulty are reduced.

2. The invention adopts a variable-spacing extrusion soil crushing plate, an upturned soil crushing separation grid and a pair of vertical, active and opposite-rotating extrusion-pulling soil crushing rollers to finish the digging work of peanuts with three-stage soil crushing and two-step separation. The technical scheme of the invention replaces the defects of incomplete soil removal and poor separation caused by direct clamping and conveying after the conventional shovel-clamp type excavator cuts the upturned soil, changes the traditional passive soil crushing mode of conveying and removing soil into multi-stage active extrusion crushing, and has the advantages of low excavation loss, good soil separation effect and smaller workload.

3. The extrusion soil crushing plate is a straight-arc-shaped plate and consists of a straight line section and an arc-shaped section, the tail end of the arc-shaped section is a free end and is tangent to a horizontal line in the advancing direction of a machine tool, and the extrusion soil crushing plate is obliquely arranged relative to the horizontal plane. The extrusion soil crushing plate adopts a linear-arc design, so that the installation strength is ensured, the variable-interval tightening and crushing action on two sides of the upturned soil in the movement process is ensured, a certain limiting and guiding action is generated on the movement direction of the plants, the contact area with the soil is reduced while the sufficient extrusion is ensured by the grid type design, and the resistance is further reduced.

4. The soil crushing separation grid is formed by integrating the mounting part and the grid part, the grid part is designed with a certain upward bending angle, so that the grid is arranged in a manner of inclining to the horizontal plane, the upturned soil moving backwards and upwards along the shovel surface of the digging shovel is bent and broken under the change of the upturned angle of the soil crushing separation grid during work, the conveying resistance caused by continuous upturned soil is reduced, and meanwhile, the gap plane formed by the grid ensures that the bottom of the upturned soil is subjected to good soil crushing separation effect during the movement process, so that plants are smoothly transited and transported backwards.

5. The working part of the squeezing and pulling soil crushing roller is formed by uniformly arranging a plurality of angle irons on the outer circumference direction of the sleeve, the inner part of the working part is hollow, the weight is reduced, and the power consumption is reduced; the clamping chain wheel is coaxially designed with the head end, the design layout of the whole machine is optimized, and the working efficiency is improved; before the plant is clamped and conveyed, the two rollers rotate oppositely on the two sides of the upturned soil to complete soil squeezing and crushing work, so that the upturned soil is effectively squeezed and crushed, the power consumption in the clamping and conveying process is reduced, the working effect is improved, a certain backward traction and pulling effect is generated, the plant is smoothly transited and spliced, and the clamping is assisted.

6. The soil removing roller is coaxially connected with the tensioning wheel of the clamping and conveying mechanism, the working part of the soil removing roller consists of arc soil removing blades which are uniformly arranged in the direction of the outer circumference of the mounting sleeve and have certain back inclination angles, the clamping effect of a clamping part is prevented from being influenced during soil removing, the soil removing effect is only stirred to the root area of a plant during the clamping and conveying process, and the working effect of machines is further improved.

7. The laying mechanism comprises the laying rods and the laying rollers, and the laying rods are arranged at different angles of inclination and different constraint ranges and angles, and are matched with the action of the laying rollers coaxially arranged with the tail end clamping chain wheel on pushing and pushing the plants, so that the moving directions of the whole plants and all parts are changed together, the longitudinal laying work of the plants in sequential head-to-tail lap joint is realized, the laying effect is good, the strip laying quality is high, and the subsequent airing and picking operation is convenient.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the assembly of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a top view of fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the coulter set in fig. 2.

FIG. 5a is the schematic view of the installation structure of the coulter set, the digger set and the squeezing-pulling soil breaking roller.

FIG. 5b is a schematic view of the installation structure of the excavating shovel set and the squeezing-pulling soil crushing roller of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the construction of the digger blade assembly of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the plow blade and digger blade mounting parameters of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the parameters of the digger blade of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the soil pulverizing and separating grid of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the construction of the extruded soil breaker of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a top view of fig. 10.

Fig. 12 is a schematic view of the squeeze-and-pull soil crushing roller of fig. 2.

Fig. 13 is a top view of fig. 12.

Fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of the clamping mechanism in fig. 2.

Fig. 15 is a schematic structural view of the soil removing roll of fig. 14.

Fig. 16 is an end view of fig. 15.

Fig. 17 is a schematic view of the lay bar of the lay mechanism of fig. 2.

Fig. 18 is a top view of fig. 17.

Fig. 19 is a schematic structural view of the lay-down roller of the lay-down mechanism of fig. 2.

Fig. 20 is a schematic end view of fig. 19.

In the figure:

1. the device comprises a coulter group, 11, a round coulter, 12, a bearing seat, 13, a coulter connecting arm, 14, a coulter arm connecting seat, 15, a coulter fixing arm, 16, fixing plates I and 17 and a buffer spring;

2. the digging shovel group 21, the digging shovel 22, the digging shovel fixing seat 23, the extrusion soil breaking plate 24, the digging shovel fixing arm 25, the fixing plates II and 26 and the soil breaking separation grid;

3. a squeezing and pulling soil crushing roller 31, a squeezing and pulling soil crushing roller sleeve 32 and angle iron;

4. the clamping mechanism 41 comprises a head end clamping chain wheel, 42 a clamping chain, 43 a tensioning chain wheel, 44 and a tail end clamping chain wheel;

5. a soil removing roller 51, a soil removing roller sleeve 52 and a soil removing blade;

6. the laying mechanism comprises a laying mechanism 61, laying rods 611, an upper laying rod 612, a lower laying rod 613, a mounting seat 62, laying rollers 621, laying roller sleeves 622 and laying blades;

7. a frame;

p: extrusion force with variable spacing for extruding soil crushing plate

ω₁: angular velocity of squeezing and pulling soil crushing roller

ω₂: angular velocity of clamping mechanism

ν₁: speed of extruding and pulling soil crushing line

ν₂: clamping conveying line speed

ν₃: line speed of pushing and pushing

h₁: depth difference between shovel tip and coulter bottom

h₂: extrusion height of extrusion soil crushing plate

h₃: extrusion processHeight of soil crushing roller

h₄: height of soil removing roller

h₅: height of laying roller

θ₁: digging shovel soil-entering angle

θ₂: sliding corner of digging shovel

θ₃: upward bending angle of soil crushing separation grid

θ₄: inclination angle of extrusion soil crushing plate

θ₅: back rake angle of earth-removing blade

θ₆: angle of inclination of laying rod

θ₇: backward tilting angle of laying blades

D₁: diameter of squeezing and pulling soil crushing roller

D₂: diameter of clamping sprocket

D₃: diameter of soil removing roller

D₄: diameter of laying roller

L₁: cutting width of round coulter

L₂: spacing of bars

L₃: feeding width of extrusion soil crushing plate

L₄: distance between the crushed soil and the extrusion plate

L₅: outlet width of extruding soil-breaking plate

L₆: shortest distance between double rollers for squeezing and pulling soil crushing

L₇: holding feed width

L₈: distance between broken root and clamping point

L₉: center distance of head end clamping chain wheel

S₁: longitudinal distance of straight line segment of extruded soil crushing plate

S₂: longitudinal distance of arc section of extruded soil crushing plate

S₃: transverse distance of circular arc section of extrusion soil crushing plate

R₁: radius of circular arc section of extrusion soil crushing plate

R₂: radius of upper laying rod

R₃: radius of lower laying rod

α₁: extrusion soil crushing plate central angle

A: root cutting point

B: clamping point

Detailed Description

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.

Example 1: as shown in fig. 1-3, the clamping peanut harvester of the invention comprises a frame 7, and a coulter set 1, a digging shovel set 2, a squeezing and pulling soil breaking roller 3, a clamping mechanism 4, a soil removing roller 5 and a laying mechanism 6 which are arranged on the frame 7, wherein two coulter sets 1 are symmetrically arranged at the working front end of the frame 7, an upper round coulter 11 is positioned in an outer ditch of a peanut ridge, two digging shovel sets 2 are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the working front end of the frame 7, the tail ends of the two digging shovels 21 are arranged in a concave angle shape, two shovel tips are positioned at the inner side of the round coulter 11, two digging shovels 21 are respectively provided with a squeezing soil breaking plate 23 and a soil breaking separation grid 26, two squeezing and pulling soil breaking rollers 3 are positioned at two sides behind the digging shovel set 2, the two squeezing and pulling soil breaking rollers rotate in opposite directions and are coaxially arranged with a clamping chain wheel 41 at the head end of the clamping mechanism 4, the soil removing roller 5 and a clamping mechanism tensioning chain wheel 43 are coaxially arranged, the laying mechanism 6 is arranged at the tail end of the clamping mechanism 4.

Further, as shown in fig. 4, the coulter set 1 of the present embodiment includes a circular coulter 11, a bearing seat 12, a coulter connecting arm 13, a coulter arm connecting seat 14, a fixing plate i 16, a coulter fixing arm 15 and a buffer spring 17, wherein one end of the coulter fixing arm 15 is provided with the fixing plate i 16 connected to the frame 7, the other end is connected to the coulter arm connecting seat 14, the coulter arm connecting seat 14 is hinged to one end of the coulter connecting arm 13, the circular coulter 11 is installed at the other end of the coulter connecting arm 13 through the bearing seat 12 and a bearing seat base 19 thereof, the buffer spring 17 is sleeved on a spring rod thereof, one end of the spring rod is respectively connected to the coulter arm connecting seat 14 and the coulter connecting arm 13, and the other end is a free end. After the coulter is blocked, the buffer spring 17 plays a role in buffer safety.

The invention adopts the round coulter 11 to increase the crushing capacity to the soil and reduce the cutting resistance; wherein the round coulter 11 is rotatably supported by a middle bearing seat 12, and is laterally connected with a coulter connecting arm 13, the coulter connecting arm 13 is axially connected with a coulter arm connecting seat 14, the coulter arm connecting seat 14, a coulter fixing arm 15, a fixing plate I16 and the frame 1 are all connected by bolts, and meanwhile, a buffer spring 17 plays a role in safety protection.

As shown in fig. 5a and 7, the cutting widths L of the two circular colter 11 of the two coulter sets 1 in the present embodiment₁Is 685mm, is suitable for a peanut planting mode, cuts the upturned soil with the minimum width, replaces the current mainstream flat shovel to cut the soil in a large area, and has large power consumption and serious soil damage. When the invention is in operation, the whole machine is inclined at a certain angle (as shown in figure 2), and moves forward to drive the round coulter 11 to roll to have a width L₁The soil is cut open and matched with a rear digging shovel 21 at an angle theta₁Is the angle of penetration and theta₂The cutting angle is a sliding cutting angle, and the cutting angle are matched to cut the upturned soil and the main peanut root by a rectangular section.

As shown in fig. 6-8, each digging shovel set 2 is connected to the frame 7 through a fixing plate ii 25 thereon, the digging shovel set 2 includes a digging shovel 21, a digging shovel fixing seat 22, an extrusion soil breaking plate 23, a digging shovel fixing arm 24, a fixing plate ii 25 and a soil breaking separation grid 26, the fixing plate ii 25 connected to the frame 7 is arranged at the top end of the digging shovel fixing arm 24, the extrusion soil breaking plate 23 is arranged near the grounding end, the digging shovel 21 is connected to the grounding end through the digging shovel fixing seat 22, the soil breaking separation grid 26 is arranged at the rear working end of the digging shovel 21, and the extrusion soil breaking plate 23 is positioned outside the soil breaking separation grid 26. The fixing plate II 25 and the fixing plate I16 are identical in structure and are connected to the rack 7 through bolts.

The digging shovel 21 and the digging shovel fixing seat 22, the digging shovel 21 and the crushed soil separation grid 26, and the digging shovel 21 and the extrusion crushed soil plate 23 are connected through sunk bolts, so that the contact surface between the digging shovel 21 and the upturned soil is ensured to be smooth, and the upturned soil is prevented from being blocked to influence the upturned soil movement. And the digging shovel fixing arm 24 is connected with the frame 7 through a fixing plate II 25 by a bolt.

Further, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the shovel 21 is disposed obliquely with an entry angle θ₁Is 5-15 degrees, and is realized according to the installation angle of the digging shovel fixing seat 22 and the digging shovel fixing arm 24; the more the angle of penetrationSmall, small power consumption, small cutting depth; the larger the soil-entering angle is, the larger the power consumption is but the larger the cutting depth is, and the limitation of the soil-entering angle not only ensures the effective cutting depth, but also ensures the reasonable power consumption. Slip angle θ₂Is 40-48 degrees and is realized by the angle of the central line of the mounting hole of the digging shovel fixing seat 22; the included angle between the two digging shovels 21 is a slip angle theta ₂2 times of the total weight of the composition; the larger the sliding cutting angle is, the more labor-saving the cutting is, and the longitudinal size is small; the smaller the sliding cutting angle is, the harder the cutting is, the larger the longitudinal size is, and the limitation of the sliding cutting angle not only ensures smooth cutting, but also enables the longitudinal size to be matched with the structural design of the whole machine. The length of the digging shovel 21 is designed and adjusted according to the cutting width and the slip angle; as shown in FIG. 7, the depth difference h between the cutting edge of the digger blade 21 and the bottom edge of the circular coulter 11₁The depth of the plough coulter is 10-30 mm, namely the depth of the plough coulter in the soil is slightly larger than the depth of the digging shovel in the soil, the soil is cut and loosened, the digging shovel is more labor-saving to cut, the labor-saving effect cannot be achieved when the depth of the plough coulter is too small, and the plough coulter can cut too deep and waste power when the depth of the plough coulter is too large.

In this example: digging shovel penetration angle theta₁Is 10 DEG, and has a slip angle theta₂Is 45 degrees, the depth difference h between the shovel tip and the coulter bottom₁Is 20 mm.

The clod soil is cut and simultaneously starts to move obliquely and backwards and upwards along the shovel surface of the digging shovel 21, and on one hand, the upturned angle theta of the upturned soil breaking separation grid 26₃The clod soil is bent and broken under the change, on one hand, the soil is contacted with the grid bars to be crushed and separated. Meanwhile, the upturned soil is crushed in a failure mode under the action of variable-spacing tightening extrusion force P of the soil crushing plates 23 at the two sides, so that two-stage soil crushing and one-stage separation are realized.

Further, as shown in fig. 6 to 9, the soil-breaking grating 26 is formed by integrating the mounting part and the grating part, and the distance L between the adjacent gratings₂The distance is 40-80 mm, and the distance is too small, namely a plane is formed, so that the soil crushing effect cannot be generated; too large a distance, the plants may get stuck in the gap or fall directly through the gap, causing losses. The grid part has a certain upward bending angle theta₃With bars arranged inclined to the horizontal, theta₃The range is as follows: 15 to 21 degrees. In this example: upwarp folding angle theta₃Is 20 degrees, and the grid spacing L₂Is 50 mm.

Further, as shown in fig. 6, 10-11, the extruding and soil-crushing plate 23 is composed of a straight line segment 231 and an arc segment 232, the end of the arc segment 232 is a free end and is tangent to the horizontal line of the advancing direction of the machine, the extruding and soil-crushing plate 23 is formed by a plurality of grooves formed on the arc segment 232 at equal intervals, and the arc segment 232 of the extruding and soil-crushing plate is obliquely arranged relative to the horizontal plane. The extrusion soil crushing plate 23 adopts a straight line-circular arc design, so that the installation strength is ensured, the variable-interval tightening and crushing effects on two sides of the upturned soil in the movement process are ensured, and meanwhile, the grid design ensures that the contact area with soil is reduced while the extrusion is sufficient, and the resistance is further reduced.

As shown in FIGS. 11-13, the feeding width L of the extrusion soil-breaking plate is determined by the working conditions and the structure of the whole machine₃Extrusion distance L of extrusion-crushing soil plate₄The width L of the outlet of the extrusion soil crushing plate 23₅Through L₃/2、L₅/2、L₄＝S₁+S₂、 L₃/2-L₅/2＝S₃Defining the end points and distances of the profile, wherein the profile of the crushing plate 23 is S₃And S₁+S₂Is a straight line-arc structure with transverse and longitudinal distances. To ensure effective securement of the crush plate 23, the straight segment 231 is secured to the shovel securing arm 24 and the arcuate segment 232 is free, S₁Is the longitudinal distance of the straight line segment, and the limitation of the distance ensures the installation fixing strength. S₃、S₂Are respectively the transverse and longitudinal distances of the arc segment, wherein S₂＝L₄-S₁、 S₃＝L₃/2-L₅/2 radius of the circular arc segment R₁Central angle alpha₁(ii) a The central angle alpha of the arc segment₁Is 39-41 DEG, radius R₁235-380 mm, length of straight line segment S₁Is the length S of the arc segment₂0.2 to 0.3 times of the amount of the active ingredient. In this example: straight line segment longitudinal distance S₁: 50mm, transverse and longitudinal distance S of arc section₃、S₂: 74mm, 200mm, radius of arc section R₁: 307mm, central angle alpha₁：40.5°。

Further, as shown in fig. 11, the present invention has two-extruding soil crushingThe sheet 23 has a compression shrinkage ratio i of L₃/L₅The range of i: 1.25 to 1.4, feeding the soil into the extruder with a width L₃Extruding distance L of the extruding soil crushing plate₄The width L of the outlet of the extrusion soil crushing plate₅And the soil characteristics and other related design parameters are determined together. In this example the outlet width L between the two extruded soil crushing plates 23₅Is 465mm, L₃The feed width is 615mm, the extrusion shrinkage ratio i is 1.32, and the extrusion distance L is₄Is 250 mm.

Further, as shown in FIG. 10, the angle of inclination θ of the crushed soil pressing plate 23 with respect to the horizontal plane is shown in this example₄20-25 degrees, and under the condition of no interference, the soil is ensured to be contacted with the upturned soil in the maximum range; the extrusion height h of the extrusion soil-crushing plate 23₂The thickness of the soil upturned soil is 100-200 mm, the extrusion height is larger than the thickness of the upturned soil, and a certain limiting and guiding effect is generated on the moving direction of plants. In this example: height h of extrusion₂160mm, the inclined angle theta of the extrusion soil breaking plate₄Is 22 deg..

Further, as shown in fig. 12-13, the working part of the squeezing-pulling soil crushing roller 3 is composed of a plurality of angle irons 32 uniformly arranged in the outer circumference direction of the squeezing-pulling soil crushing roller sleeve 31, the inner part of the working part is hollow, the working part is connected with a clamping chain wheel 41 at the head end of the clamping mechanism 4 by bolts, the rotation diameter (namely the outer circumference diameter of the angle iron) of the squeezing-pulling soil crushing roller is larger than the diameter of the clamping chain wheel coaxial with the squeezing-pulling soil crushing roller, the squeezing-pulling effect is generated on plants and soil upturned soil, the inner part is hollow, the purpose is to reduce the weight of the parts, and the height h of the squeezing-pulling soil crushing roller is h₃Is 100 to 200 mm. In this example: h is₃Is 160 mm.

The residual soil blocks and plants continue to move backwards, and pass through a pair of vertical pushing and pulling soil crushing rollers 3 which are in opposite rotation and drive (rotate coaxially with the head end clamping chain wheel), after the soil blocks are extruded and crushed, the plants are separated from the soil, and enter a clamping mechanism 4 (adopting the existing structure) under the pulling action of the pushing and pulling soil crushing rollers 3, so that the third-stage soil crushing and the second-stage separation are realized. The linear speed v of the squeezing-pulling soil crushing roller is 3 to ensure the smooth cross-linking of plants₁Slightly larger than 1.2-1.7 times of the linear speed v of the clamping and conveying of the clamping mechanism 4₂V is ω r, and the front ends of the soil crushing roller 3 and the clamping mechanism 4 are squeezed and pulledThe clamping sprockets 41 being coaxially connected, at an angular velocity omega₁Angular velocity omega of the head end holding sprocket 41₂Same, clamping sprocket 41 diameter D₂133mm, so the diameter D of the squeeze-and-draw soil crushing roller₁The design of the device should be matched with the angular velocity omega of the squeezing-pulling soil crushing roller₁To ensure the linear velocity v of the extruding and drawing soil crushing₁And the speed v of the clamping conveying line₂The corresponding requirements are met; diameter D of squeezing and pulling soil crushing roller₁160-220 mm; secondly, the feed width L is clamped₇Is larger than the outlet width L of the extrusion soil crushing plate₅(ii) a Simultaneously, the distance L between the peanut root breaking point A and the plant clamping point B₈Should be as short as possible, L₈Is 190-210 mm to keep the plant posture and facilitate clamping.

In this example: diameter D of the squeezing-pulling soil crushing roller 3₁Is 180mm, diameter D of the clamping chain wheel₂133mm, holding the feed width L₇420mm, the distance L between the root breaking point A and the clamping point B₈Is 200 mm.

As shown in fig. 5b, the shortest squeezing distance L of the two squeezing-pulling soil-crushing rollers 3₆280-380 mm, and is adjusted and designed according to peanut varieties, soil characteristics and the like. 3-diameter D of squeezing-pulling soil crushing roller₁＝L₉-L₆According to the minimum squeezing and drawing distance L between the roller pairs₆Center distance L of head end clamping chain wheel₉And angular velocity omega of squeezing-pulling soil crushing roller₁And the like, in this example: shortest squeezing and pulling soil crushing distance L between double rollers₆: 320mm, diameter D of the squeezing-pulling soil crushing roller₁Is 180mm, and the center distance L of the head end clamping chain wheel₉Is 500 mm.

The clamping mechanism 4 of the embodiment adopts the existing chain type clamping structure. The soil removing roller is coaxially arranged with the tensioning wheel of the clamping mechanism 4; the soil removing roller 5 is connected with the tension chain wheel 42 by bolts, rotates along with the tension chain wheel in the clamping and conveying process of the clamping mechanism, and the working part is uniformly arranged in the outer circumferential direction of the soil removing roller sleeve 51 and has a certain back-tilting angle theta₅The back rake angle theta₅The range is as follows: 10-25 degrees, and the influence on the clamping effect of the clamping part during soil removal is avoided. The soil removing blade 52 and the mounting sleeve 51 are fixed by welding, and the diameter D of the soil removing roller₃Range: 110-130 mm, height h₄Is 50-80 mm. In this example: back rake angle theta₅: 19 DEG soil removing roller diameter D₃: 110mm, height h₄：60mm。

The plant that gets into fixture 4 carries backward under the effect of centre gripping chain 42, and the in-process removes soil roller 5 and produces the effect of removing soil of certain stirring to the root region through the plant, realizes removing soil to the plant among the transportation process, further improves machines operating mass with rated load.

Further, the laying mechanism 6 is arranged at the tail end of the clamping mechanism 4 and comprises a laying rod 61 and a laying roller 62, and the laying rod 61 forms an inclined angle theta with the horizontal plane₆The upper and lower laying rods 611 and 612 and the mounting seat 613 are arranged, the two laying rods and the mounting seat 613 are fixed by welding, meanwhile, the mounting seat 613 and the rack 7 are fixed by U-shaped bolts, the mounting position of the laying rods is convenient to adjust, the two laying rods 611 and 612 are designed in an arc shape, the restriction range and the angle are different, and the radius R of the upper laying rod 611 is different₂The range is as follows: 150-200 mm, lower laying rod 612 radius R₃The range is as follows: 230-300 mm, angle of inclination theta₆The range is as follows: 10-30 degrees; the laying roller 62 and the tail end clamping chain wheel 44 are coaxially arranged and are fixedly connected by bolts to realize rotary laying movement, and the working part of the laying roller is uniformly arranged in the outer circumferential direction of the laying roller sleeve 621 and has a certain backward inclination angle theta₇Arc laying blades 622, back rake angle theta₇The range is as follows: 20-30 DEG, diameter D of laying roller₄The range is as follows: 150-250 mm, height h₅The range is as follows: 80-120 mm. In this example: upper lay down rod 611 radius R₂Is 180mm, and the radius R of the lower laying rod 612₃Is 260mm, and has an inclination angle theta₆Is 20 deg.. Lay down blade back rake angle theta₇: 26 DEG, lay down roller 62 diameter D₄Is 180mm and has a height h₅Is 100 mm.

In operation, on one hand, the laying rod 61 makes the whole plant moving direction and the forward direction of the machine implement transversely deflect, on the other hand, the plant deflects in the direction perpendicular to the moving direction of the machine implement due to the inclined arrangement of the upper and

lower laying rods

611 and 612 and different constraint ranges and angles of all parts of the plant, and in the processThe lay-down roller 62, which is positioned coaxially below the end gripping sprocket 44, has a diameter D that is such that it only acts as a plucking and pushing action on the root area of the plant₄Greater than the diameter D of the sprocket₂To make the pushing linear velocity v of the root zone₃The linear speed of the clamping and conveying line is larger than that of the seedling rod, the deflection effect of the plant is further increased, and the longitudinal laying work of sequentially lapping the end and the tail of the peanut plant is completed through the combined action of the laying rod 61 and the laying roller 62.

Example 2: the difference between this example and example 1 is: the digging shovel penetration angle theta of the present example₁Is 5 DEG, a slip angle theta₂Is 40 degrees, the depth difference h between the shovel tip and the coulter bottom₁Is 10 mm.

The longitudinal distance S of the straight line segment of the extrusion soil breaking plate₁Is 30mm, and the longitudinal distance S of the arc segment₂Is 220 mm; in this example the outlet width L between the two extruded soil crushing plates 23₅At 440mm, a feed width L₃615m m, extrusion distance L₄280mm, an extrusion shrinkage ratio i of 1.4, an extrusion height h₂Is 100mm, and the angle of inclination theta of the extruded soil crushing plate relative to the horizontal plane₄Is 20 deg..

The distance L between the adjacent grid bars of the soil pulverizing separation grid 26 in this example₂40mm, the upwarp angle theta of the grid part₃Is 21 deg..

In this example, the shortest distance L between the pair rollers for squeezing and pulling the crushed soil₆280mm, diameter D of the squeeze-draw soil crushing roller 3₁220mm, the height h of the squeezing and pulling soil crushing roller₃Is 100mm, the center distance L of the head end clamping chain wheel₉Is 540mm, diameter D of the clamping sprocket₂A clamping feed width L of 140mm₇445mm, the distance L between the root breaking point A and the clamping point B₈Is 210 mm.

The illustrated backrake angle θ of the dirt-removing blade 52 in this example₅Is 10 degrees, the diameter D of the soil removing roller₃Is 120mm, height h₃Is 50 mm.

In this example, the radius R of the upper lay bar 611₂150mm, and a lower laying rod 612 radius R₃230mm, the angle of inclination theta of the paving rod₆Is 10 deg.. Lay down blade back rake angle theta₇: 20 deg. diameter of lay-down roller 62D₄Is 150mm, height h₅Is 80 mm.

Example 3: the difference between this example and example 1 is: the digging shovel penetration angle theta of the present example₁Is 15 DEG, a slip angle theta₂Is 48 degrees, the depth difference h between the shovel tip and the coulter bottom₁Is 30 mm.

The longitudinal distance S of the straight line segment of the extrusion soil-breaking plate 23 in the example₁Is 80mm, and the transverse and longitudinal distances S of the arc section₂Is 170 mm. The outlet width L between the two extrusion soil-breaking plates 23 of this example₅At 490mm, the width L of the feed₃615mm, extrusion distance L₄170mm, a compression shrinkage ratio i of 1.25, a compression height h₂Is 200mm, and the angle of inclination theta of the extrusion crushing soil plate relative to the horizontal plane₄Is 25 deg..

The distance L between the adjacent grid bars of the soil crushing separation grid 26₂Is 80mm, and the upwarping angle theta of the grid bar part₃Is 15 deg..

In this example, the shortest distance L between the pair rollers for squeezing and pulling the crushed soil₆Is 380mm, the diameter D of the squeezing and pulling soil crushing roller 3₁190mm, the height h of the squeezing and pulling soil crushing roller₃Is 160mm, diameter D of the clamping chain wheel₂Is 140mm, and the width L of the clamping feeding width₇Is 495mm, and the center distance L of the head end clamping chain wheel₉570mm, the distance L between the root breaking point A and the clamping point B₈Is 190 mm.

The illustrated backrake angle θ of the dirt-removing blade 52 in this example₅At 25 degrees, the diameter D of the soil removing roller₃130mm, height h₃Is 80 mm.

In this example, the radius R of the upper lay bar 611₂200mm, lower laying rod 612 radius R₃Is 300mm, and the angle of inclination theta of the paving rod₆Is 30 deg.. Lay down blade back rake angle theta₇: 30 DEG lay-down roller 62 diameter D₄Is 250mm and has a height h₅Is 120 mm.

It should be understood that the detailed description of the present invention is only for illustrating the present invention and is not limited to the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention can be modified or substituted equally to achieve the same technical effects; as long as the use requirements are met, the method is within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a machine is received to centre gripping formula peanut plays, its characterized in that: including frame and coulter group, digger blade group, crowded hack roller, fixture, the roller that digs, put the mechanism of laying down of setting in the frame, two coulter group symmetry sets up at frame work front end, and circle coulter lies in peanut outside furrow on it, two digger blade group symmetry sets up in the both sides of frame work front end, and two digger blade end settings are indent horn shape, and two shovel points lie in circle coulter inboard, all are equipped with extrusion hack board, hack separation bars on two digger blades, and two crowded hack rollers lie in digger blade group rear both sides, and vertical rotation in opposite directions, with the coaxial setting of fixture's head end centre gripping sprocket, the roller that digs with the coaxial setting of fixture tensioning sprocket, the mechanism that lays sets up at the fixture end.

2. The clamp-on peanut harvester of claim 1, wherein: digger blade group is including digger blade, extrusion hack board, digger blade fixed arm and hack separation bars, digger blade fixed arm top sets up the fixed plate II of connecting the frame, is close to earthing terminal installation extrusion hack board, passes through the digger blade fixing base at the earthing terminal and connects the digger blade, sets up hack separation bars in the digger blade bottom, and the extrusion hack board is located the hack separation bars outside.

3. The clamp peanut harvester of claim 2, wherein: the digger blade is arranged obliquely at an angle theta₁The range is as follows: 5 to 15 degrees.

4. The clamp peanut harvester of claim 2, wherein: the included angle between the two digging shovels is 2 times of the slip angle theta₂The range is as follows: 40-48 degrees, and the depth difference h between the digging shovel tip and the round plough knife bottom₁The range is as follows: 10-30 mm.

5. The clamped peanut of claim 2The harvester is characterized in that: the extrusion soil crushing plate is composed of a straight line section and an arc section, a plurality of grooves are formed in the arc section at equal intervals, the tail end of each groove is a free end and is tangent to a horizontal line in the advancing direction of the machine tool, and the length S of the straight line section₁Is the length S of the arc segment₂0.2-0.3 times of the total arc length, wherein the arc line segment is obliquely arranged relative to the horizontal plane at an inclination angle theta₄The range is as follows: 20 to 25 degrees.

6. The clamp peanut harvester of claim 2, wherein: the extrusion height h of the extrusion crushing plate₂The range is as follows: 100-200 mm; the extrusion shrinkage ratio i of the two extrusion crushed soil plates is L₃/L₅1.25 to 1.4, wherein L₅Is the outlet width L between the two extrusion soil crushing plates₃The feeding width between the two extrusion soil crushing plates is obtained.

7. The clamp peanut harvester of claim 2, wherein: the soil breaking separation grid is formed by integrating a mounting part and a grid part, the grid part is inclined to the horizontal plane, and the upwarp angle theta is larger than the upwarp angle theta₃Is 15 degrees to 21 degrees, and the distance L between the grid bars₂Is 40-80 mm.

8. The clamp-on peanut harvester of claim 1, wherein: the squeezing and pulling soil crushing roller is formed by uniformly arranging a plurality of angle irons along the outer circumference of a sleeve, the inside of the squeezing and pulling soil crushing roller is hollow, and the diameter D of the squeezing and pulling soil crushing roller₁160-220 mm in height h₃100-160 mm, the shortest squeezing and pulling distance L of the two squeezing and pulling soil crushing rollers₆280-380 mm; extrusion-drawing soil crushing linear velocity v₁For clamping conveying line speed v₂1.2 to 1.7 times of the total weight of the powder.

9. The clamp-on peanut harvester of claim 1, wherein: the soil removing roller is uniformly arranged along the outer circumference of the sleeve and has a back inclination angle theta₅The back rake angle theta₅Is 10-25 degrees, and the diameter D of the soil removing roller₃110-130 mm in height h₄Is 50 &80mm。

10. The clamp-on peanut harvester of claim 1, wherein: the laying mechanism comprises a laying rod and a laying roller, and the laying rod forms an inclined angle theta with the horizontal plane₆An upper laying rod and a lower laying rod which are arranged, wherein the radius R of the upper laying rod₂The range is as follows: 120-200 mm, radius R of lower laying rod₃The range is as follows: 230-300 mm, and the inclined angle theta of the laying rod₆The range is as follows: 10-30 degrees; the laying roller is composed of a sleeve and a laying roller which is uniformly arranged along the outer circumference of the sleeve and has a back inclination angle theta₇The back inclination angle theta₇The range is as follows: 20-30 DEG, diameter D of laying roller₄The range is as follows: 150-250 mm, height h₅The range is as follows: 80-120 mm.