CN114340006A - Method, system and equipment for wireless ad hoc network of sensor - Google Patents
Method, system and equipment for wireless ad hoc network of sensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a method, a system and equipment for wireless ad hoc network of a sensor, belonging to the technical field of wireless communication. The method comprises the following steps: taking the position of a gateway node as reference, and adjusting the communication hierarchical relation among a plurality of sensor nodes according to the positions of the deployed sensors to form a network structure, wherein the plurality of sensor nodes are divided into father nodes and child nodes, and the father nodes and the child nodes are used for acquiring data; uploading the acquired data to a neighboring father node or a gateway node of the child node, wherein the uploading period of the data is divided into a time synchronization stage, a network access registration stage and a data transmission stage according to the time sequence; each stage is divided into a plurality of time slots according to the number of the plurality of sensor nodes, so that each node is allocated to a corresponding time slot at the corresponding stage. The whole networking process and the data transmission process are clear, analysis and debugging are convenient, the data uploading of the whole system is ensured to meet the user requirements, and the balance of efficiency and power consumption is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a method, a system and equipment for wireless ad hoc network of a sensor.
Background
The wireless ad hoc network is a multi-hop temporary autonomous system consisting of a group of movable nodes with wireless transceiving devices. In the existing scheme, each sensor node adopts an RTC clock automatic wake-up mode to ensure low power consumption of networking, and simultaneously adopts a response retransmission mode to avoid data collision loss of a plurality of sensor nodes simultaneously.
In the scheme of the prior art, each node needs to be frequently awakened, the power consumption is large, the stability and the integrity of data transmission cannot be completely guaranteed only by a response retransmission mode, and the power consumption is increased even a system network is unstable due to frequent retransmission; the networking process of the prior art is not clear, the debugging difficulty is high, the retransmission is more due to the disordered message transmission, and the networking process is more complicated and disordered when the number of nodes is more; the data of each node is separately transmitted to the gateway node through the multi-hop network, so that the transmission times are more and the power consumption is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a method, a system and equipment for wireless ad hoc network of a sensor, so that each node does not need to be frequently awakened to generate larger power consumption, the whole networking process and the data transmission process are clear, the analysis and debugging are convenient, the data uploading of the whole system is ensured to meet the requirements of users, and the balance of efficiency and power consumption is achieved.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for wireless ad hoc network of sensors, including: taking the position of a gateway node as reference, and adjusting the communication hierarchical relation among a plurality of sensor nodes according to the positions of the deployed sensors to form a network structure, wherein a father node and a son node which divide the plurality of sensor nodes into are used for acquiring data; uploading the acquired data to a neighboring father node of the child node or the gateway node, wherein the uploading period of the data is divided into a time synchronization stage, a network access registration stage and a data transmission stage according to a time sequence; and dividing each stage into a plurality of time slots according to the number of the plurality of sensor nodes, so that each node is allocated to the corresponding time slot in the corresponding stage.
In order to avoid message transmission conflicts of each node at corresponding stages, each stage is divided into a plurality of time slots according to the number of the nodes, each node has a corresponding time slot at the corresponding stage, and data is sent only in the own exclusive time slot, so that data conflicts are avoided, the whole networking process and the data transmission process are clear, and analysis and debugging are convenient.
Optionally, the location of the gateway node is determined according to the signal strength.
Optionally, in the time synchronization stage, the gateway node broadcasts and sends a time synchronization frame to the plurality of sensor nodes, where the time synchronization frame includes relevant basic parameters of the ad hoc network; determining whether the source address node is a father node of the sensor node or not according to the signal strength of the received time synchronization frame; enabling the plurality of sensor nodes to modify the relative time of the sensor nodes, and changing the source address in the broadcast synchronization frame into the address of the sensor nodes; and enabling the plurality of sensor nodes to randomly back off in the corresponding time slots, and then forwarding the time synchronization frame step by step.
Compared with the existing ad hoc network technical scheme, the application data of each node is independently transmitted to the gateway node through the multi-hop network, the transmission times are obviously reduced, the power consumption is low, the data is uploaded in a level mode, finally, the gateway node receives all the node data of the data period, and the whole process is clear and ordered.
Optionally, the relevant basic parameters of the ad hoc network include one or more of the following: relative time, self addresses of the plurality of sensor nodes, data period and transmission power, wherein the relative time is relative time data taking the time of the gateway node as a reference and is used for time synchronization of the whole system.
Optionally, in the network entry registration stage, the multiple sensor nodes respectively send a network entry registration frame in their own time slots to request to access the network, where destination addresses of the network entry registration frame are parent node addresses of the multiple sensor nodes recorded in the time synchronization stage; judging whether the destination address of the sensor node corresponding to the parent node is the address of the sensor node; when the destination address of the sensor node corresponding to the father node is judged to be the self address, the sensor nodes sequentially forward the network access registration frame to the father node corresponding to the sensor node until the gateway node is finally reached; and enabling the gateway node to receive the network access registration frames of the sensor nodes, analyzing to obtain routing tables of all the sensor nodes, and enabling the gateway node to broadcast and send the time synchronization frame in the next data period so as to clarify father node and child node information and corresponding time slots of the sensor nodes.
Optionally, the routing table changes in real time according to a network access situation, and includes one or more of the following: the self addresses of the sensor nodes, the father node addresses of the sensor nodes, the child node addresses of the sensor nodes and the number of sensor nodes in each level.
Optionally, in the data transmission phase, the multiple sensor nodes send data frames to corresponding parent nodes in the allocated time slots; enabling the corresponding father node to send a response frame after receiving the data of the plurality of sensor nodes; enabling the corresponding father node to gather data of all the corresponding sensor nodes and data of the corresponding father node and send the data to the father node of the corresponding father node in an allocated time slot; and summarizing and sending step by step until the gateway node receives all the data of the child nodes at all levels.
Optionally, dividing each stage into a plurality of time slots according to the number of the plurality of sensor nodes includes: each stage is equally divided into a plurality of time slots according to the number of the plurality of sensor nodes.
The response retransmission mechanism and the channel CAD detection mechanism before transmission in the method greatly avoid the problems of simultaneous transmission of a plurality of sensor nodes, message collision and loss retransmission, ensure the fast and stable networking and data transmission and reduce the system power consumption.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a system for wireless ad hoc networking of sensors, comprising: a plurality of processor modules, configured to adjust a communication hierarchical relationship among a plurality of sensor nodes according to node positions of deployed sensors by using gateway node positions as references to form a network structure, wherein the plurality of sensor nodes are divided into parent nodes and child nodes, and the parent nodes and the child nodes are used for collecting data, and the processor module is configured to: dividing the uploading period of the data into a time synchronization stage, a network access registration stage and a data transmission stage according to a time sequence; dividing each stage into a plurality of time slots according to the number of the plurality of sensor nodes, so that each node is allocated to a corresponding time slot in the corresponding stage; and a plurality of communication modules for uploading the acquired data to the adjacent father node of the child node or the gateway node.
Optionally, in the time synchronization phase, the processor module is configured to: enabling the gateway node to broadcast and send a time synchronization frame to the plurality of sensor nodes, wherein the time synchronization frame comprises relevant basic parameters of the ad hoc network; determining whether the source address node is a father node of the sensor node or not according to the signal strength of the received time synchronization frame; enabling the plurality of sensor nodes to modify the relative time of the sensor nodes and modify the addresses of the sensor nodes to be source addresses; and enabling the plurality of sensor nodes to randomly back off in the corresponding time slots, and then forwarding the time synchronization frame step by step.
Optionally, in the network entry registration phase, the processor module is configured to: enabling the plurality of sensor nodes to respectively send network access registration frames in own time slots to request for accessing a network, wherein the destination addresses of the network access registration frames are the father node addresses of the plurality of sensor nodes recorded in the time synchronization stage; judging whether the destination address of the sensor node corresponding to the parent node is the address of the sensor node; when the destination address of the sensor node corresponding to the father node is judged to be the self address, the sensor nodes sequentially forward the network access registration frame to the father node corresponding to the sensor node until the gateway node is finally reached; and enabling the gateway node to receive the network access registration frames of the sensor nodes, analyzing to obtain routing tables of all the sensor nodes, and enabling the gateway node to broadcast and send the time synchronization frame in the next data period so as to clarify father node and child node information and corresponding time slots of the sensor nodes.
Optionally, in the data transmission phase, the processor module is configured to: enabling the plurality of sensor nodes to send data frames to corresponding parent nodes in the allocated time slots; enabling the corresponding father node to send a response frame after receiving the data of the plurality of sensor nodes; enabling the corresponding father node to gather data of all the corresponding sensor nodes and data of the corresponding father node and send the data to the father node of the corresponding father node in an allocated time slot; and summarizing and sending step by step until the gateway node receives all the data of the child nodes at all levels.
Alternatively, the processor module and the communication module may be integrated within the same package. The integration of the processor module and the communication module of the system enables the node equipment to have few discrete components, small size, low cost, short development period and better stability, and can be applied to occasions with limited space.
Optionally, the system includes: and the indicating module is arranged outside the package and used for indicating the current network signal quality at different flashing frequencies under the control of the processor module, so that a user can conveniently deploy the node equipment. The existing technical scheme can only use the gateway node as a reference when deploying the node position, and deploys the position of each sensor node by means of feeling without explicit indication reference, so that a stable network topology can not be quickly formed due to unreasonable signal distribution, more time is spent, and more time is spent on increasing and decreasing the node in the later stage to optimize the network structure.
In another aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus comprising a processor and a memory, the processor configured to perform a method of wireless ad hoc networking of sensors according to any of the above aspects of the present application.
Through the technical scheme, a round of data uploading period of the whole system is divided into a time synchronization stage, a network access registration stage and a data transmission stage according to a time sequence, meanwhile, a time division multiple access technology is utilized for avoiding message transmission conflicts of all nodes in corresponding stages, each stage is divided into a plurality of time slots according to the number of the nodes, each node has a corresponding time slot in the corresponding stage, data is sent only in the exclusive time slot of the node, data conflicts are avoided, and the whole networking process and the data transmission process are clear; according to the technical scheme, parameters such as data periods of all nodes are modified when the gateway node broadcasts the time synchronization frame according to the difference between the number of actually deployed nodes and the uploading period time of the user data, so that the data uploading of the whole system is ensured to meet the user requirements, and the balance between the efficiency and the power consumption is achieved. According to the preferred embodiment, the module integration of the system ensures that the hardware equipment of the node has fewer discrete components, small size and low cost, and can be applied to occasions with limited space.
Additional features and advantages of embodiments of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the embodiments of the invention without limiting the embodiments of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of a wireless ad hoc network of sensors of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a network architecture of a wireless ad hoc network of sensors of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic chronological view of an upload cycle of data in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram schematic diagram of a system for a wireless ad hoc network of sensors.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
Method embodiment
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method of wireless ad hoc networking of sensors of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, in the method according to the present application, the communication hierarchy includes three types of nodes, namely a gateway node, a sensor (relay) node and a sensor node, which can also be understood as a gateway node, a parent node and a child node, and also as a gateway node, an upper node and a lower node.
In S101, the node positions of the deployed sensors are referred to the gateway node position. Specifically, when a network is deployed, a suitable first erection position is selected to erect a first wireless ad hoc network node as a gateway node, and the position of the gateway node is determined according to signal strength, for example; and then, taking the gateway node as a reference, deploying the position of each sensor node according to actual application requirements and a network signal quality indicator lamp, wherein each sensor node is responsible for data acquisition and sending to an adjacent superior sensor node or a gateway node, so that part of the sensor nodes (father nodes) have the functions of summarizing data of subordinate sensor nodes (child nodes) and relaying and sending the data besides the acquired data, and finally, summarizing the data at the gateway node and sending the summarized data to a background for display.
In S103, no matter how the positions of the sensor nodes change, the sensor nodes increase or decrease, the communication hierarchy relationship between the sensor nodes can be adjusted according to the current adjacent node positions and the signal quality through the configuration of the processor module, so as to form a new wireless ad hoc network structure in S105, thereby ensuring the stability of data transmission.
According to the embodiment, in order to ensure that each sensor node is responsible for data acquisition and sending to a sensor node close to a previous level or a gateway node, and to ensure smooth networking, clear process and convenient debugging, the uploading period of the data is divided into a time synchronization stage, a network access registration stage and a data transmission stage according to a time sequence. The time synchronization stage, the network access registration stage and the data transmission stage are not completely trisected by a data cycle, and the three stages can adjust the proportion of each stage in the time of the whole data cycle according to the difference of the data transmission quantity of each stage. The general situation is 1: 1: 1, but the third stage is assigned more duty than is required depending on the amount of data to be transmitted. The term "equally dividing" means that the time occupied by the three different stages is equally divided according to the number of the system nodes, that is, dividing each stage into a plurality of time slots according to the number of the plurality of sensor nodes includes: each stage is equally divided into a plurality of time slots according to the number of the plurality of sensor nodes.
According to the embodiment, in order to avoid message transmission collision of each node in a corresponding stage, the time division multiple access technology is utilized, each stage is equally divided into a plurality of time slots according to the number of a plurality of sensor nodes, so that each node is allocated to the corresponding time slot in the corresponding stage, data is sent only in the own exclusive time slot, and the whole networking process and the data transmission process are clear. Specific embodiments will be explained further below in conjunction with fig. 2 and 3.
Fig. 2 is a schematic network structure of a wireless ad hoc network of the sensor of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 2, the hardware of each node device in the ad hoc network system is the same, and the functions implemented by the node devices are different according to different deployment locations, such as a network including a tree network and a multi-hop network, in the ad hoc network according to the embodiment, a gateway node 201, sensor (relay) nodes 203, 204, 205, 208, 209, 210, 212 are also parent nodes, and sensor nodes 202, 206, 207, 211, 213, 214 are also child nodes. If the node 204 is a child node of the node 203 and is also a parent node of the nodes 205, 207, and 208, the node 204 is responsible for data acquisition and sending to the neighboring upper sensor node 203, the node 204 also has a function of summarizing data of lower sensor nodes 205, 207, and 208 (child nodes) and relaying the data in addition to acquiring the data, and the communication hierarchy relationship is a relative parent-child node relationship or a relative upper-lower node relationship.
According to the embodiment, if the broadcast time synchronization frame is successfully received, whether the source address node is the father node of the node is determined according to the signal strength of the received time synchronization frame, and the level of the node is determined according to the level of the node sending the time synchronization frame. For example, the number of stages of the gateway node 201 is 0, the number of stages of the sensor child nodes 202 and 203 having the gateway node as a parent node is 1, the number of stages of the sensor child node 204 having the node 203 having the number of stages of 1 as a parent node is 2, and so on, the number of stages of the node having the number of stages 3 is 205, 207, 208, the number of stages of the sensor child node 209 having the node 208 having the number of stages of 3 as a parent node is 4, the number of stages of the sensor child nodes 210, 212, and 214 having the node 209 having the number of stages of 4 as a parent node is 5, and so on. In the method, the ad hoc network is formed after the determined gateway node and the stage number of the determined node are determined, the data of each node in the existing ad hoc network technical scheme needs to be independently transmitted to the gateway node through a multi-hop network, the transmission times are multiple, the power consumption is high, and the embodiment has the following advantages: the child node (e.g. 207) transmits data to its superior parent node (e.g. 204), the superior parent node 204 collects the data of all the child nodes (e.g. 207, 208 and 205) and then adds the data of the node 204 to package and transmit the data to its parent node 203, the gateway node 201 receives all the node data of the data cycle, the whole process is clear and ordered, the transmission times are few, and the system power consumption is effectively reduced.
Fig. 3 is a schematic chronological view of the upload cycle of data of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 3, the uploading cycle of the data is divided into a time synchronization stage, a network access registration stage, and a data transmission stage according to a time sequence. In the preferred embodiment, a round of data upload cycle 301 is divided into a Time synchronization stage 3011, a network entry registration stage 3013, and a data transmission stage 3015 in Time sequence, and meanwhile, to avoid message transmission collision of each node in the corresponding stage, a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) technique is used, each stage is divided into a plurality of Time slots according to the number of nodes, and each node has its own corresponding Time slot in the corresponding stage (e.g., 3011a, 3011b.. 3011 n). Dividing each stage into a plurality of time slots according to the number of the plurality of sensor nodes comprises: each stage is equally divided into a plurality of time slots according to the number of the plurality of sensor nodes. The gateway node can allocate different time lengths to the relay node according to the difference of the number of the child nodes of the relay node, because in the data transmission stage, the larger the number of the child nodes of the relay node is, the larger the data volume to be transmitted is, and in order to ensure that the data transmission is completed, the more time can be allocated to the relay node.
According to an embodiment, in conjunction with fig. 1, 2, and 3, during the time synchronization phase 3011:
a) according to the ad hoc network structure of fig. 2, after each node is arranged and powered on, the gateway node 201 periodically broadcasts and sends a time synchronization frame to a plurality of sensor nodes according to a data period when a data period starts, where the time synchronization frame includes relevant basic parameters of the ad hoc network system, where the parameters include one or more of the following: relative time, self addresses of the plurality of sensor nodes, data period and transmission power, wherein the relative time is relative time data taking the time of the gateway node as a reference and is used for time synchronization of the whole system.
b) Each sensor node monitors broadcast signals, if the sensor node successfully receives the broadcast time synchronization frame, the sensor node analyzes and determines whether a source address node is a father node of the node according to the signal strength of the received time synchronization frame, and the level of the sensor node is determined according to the level of the node sending the time synchronization frame. For example, if gateway node 201 sends a time synchronization frame to nodes 203 and 202, respectively, nodes 202 and 203 are determined to be level 1, and their parents are 201; node 203 continues to send time sync frames to node 204, node 204 determines itself to be level 2 and its parent node is node 203.
c) And modifying the relative time of the node according to the relative time information in the received time synchronization frame, and changing the source address in the broadcast synchronization frame into the address of the node.
d) In the same time synchronization stage, the node randomly backs off for a short time (the time slot cannot exceed the time slot of the node) within the own time slot (the initial time slot is related to the address of the node, and the subsequent time slot is distributed by the superior node), then the modified broadcast synchronization frame is forwarded (the relative time in the modified frame before the broadcast synchronization frame is forwarded is the real-time relative time of the node), and if the same node receives a new broadcast synchronization frame in the same time synchronization stage, the node does not perform the forwarding operation any more.
The broadcast time synchronization frame is forwarded step by step until the whole network is covered, so that the newly added sensor node can be timely discovered by the ad hoc network, and the coverage range of the ad hoc network is increased. According to the difference between the number of actually deployed nodes and the uploading cycle time of user data, the time synchronization frame is broadcasted by the gateway node, parameters such as the data cycle of each node are modified, the uploading of the data of the whole system is ensured to meet the requirements of users, and the balance between efficiency and power consumption is achieved.
According to an embodiment, in conjunction with fig. 1, 2, and 3, during the network entry registration phase 3013:
e) the sensor nodes send network access registration frames in their own time slots to request access to the network, the destination addresses of the network access registration frames are the parent node addresses recorded in the time synchronization stage 3011, and the source addresses are their own addresses. Specifically, when the child node 205 sends an access registration frame to request access to the network, it needs to be sent to its parent node 204 for confirmation.
f) The sensor (relay) node determines whether or not the destination address is the own address after receiving the network entry registration frame, and for example, determines whether or not the destination address of the child node 205 of the node 204 is the own (204) address after the node 204 receives the network entry registration frame of the child node 205.
g) If yes, record the source address node (e.g. node 205) of the received network entry registration frame as a child node of the local node 204 and the information of the subordinate node 206 of the child node 204. Modifying the destination address of the network entry registration frame to be the parent node 203 of the self node 204, and the source address to be the node address of the self node 204, and recording the number of all child nodes of the self node 204 in the data segment of the network entry registration frame (for example, the child nodes of 204 are 205, 207 and 208) so as to facilitate the gateway node 201 to collect the time sequence numbers of all nodes in the finally allocated network, and also recording the node address to be registered in the network entry registration frame and the parent node address thereof in the data segment of the network entry registration frame, and then forwarding the network entry registration frame in the corresponding time slot of the self node 204 in the same data cycle network entry registration phase.
According to the embodiment, the sensor (relay) node 204 sequentially forwards the network entry registration frame to its parent node 203 (the data field of the forwarded network entry registration frame always holds the address of the node to be registered and its parent node address, while continuously updating the number of all child nodes of the sensor (relay) node) until the gateway node 201 is finally reached.
According to the embodiment, after receiving the network access registration frame of each sensor node, the gateway node 201 parses the network access registration frame to obtain the routing tables (which change in real time according to the network access situation) of all the sensor nodes, including the self address of each level of sensor node, the address of a parent node, the number of each level of node, and other information, and when the gateway node broadcasts and sends the time synchronization frame in the next data period, the data segment of the time synchronization frame contains the number of subordinate child nodes (only the next level, not all levels), the address information of the child nodes, and corresponding time sequence numbers. After receiving the time synchronization frame, the sensor (relay) node modifies its own time slot according to the time sequence number, and also includes the number of subordinate child nodes (only the next level), the address information of the child nodes, and the assigned corresponding time sequence number in the forwarded data segment of the time synchronization frame. And (4) level issuing, and finally, each node defines the information and time slot of the parent node and the child node of the node, so that the ad hoc network stage is completed.
According to an embodiment, in conjunction with fig. 1, 2, and 3, during the data transfer phase 3015:
h) the sensor node transmits an application data frame containing sensor data to the parent node in a time slot allocated by the system in the data transmission phase of each data cycle. Specifically, e.g., node 205 sends a data frame to its parent node 204 within its time slot.
i) The sensor (relay) node 204 immediately transmits an acknowledgement frame after receiving the data of the lower node 205, if the corresponding child node 205 does not receive the acknowledgement frame transmitted by the parent node 204, the data frame is retransmitted to the parent node 204, and the child node 205 retransmits the data frame to the parent node 204 at most three times.
j) The node 204 collects the data of all child nodes (such as nodes 205, 207 and 2089) and adds the data of the node 204, and packs the data in the time slot allocated by the system and sends the data to the parent node 203.
k) And (4) level summarizing and sending, and finally the gateway node 201 receives all the data of the child nodes of the levels and sends the data to a background for displaying.
In the method embodiment of the invention, each stage in the data cycle is divided into a plurality of time slots according to the number of nodes, each node has a corresponding time slot at the corresponding stage, and the data is sent only in the exclusive time slot of the node, thereby avoiding data collision. Besides the time division multiple access technology, a random back-off mechanism, a response retransmission mechanism and a channel CAD detection mechanism before transmission are adopted during message transmission, so that the problems of simultaneous transmission of a plurality of sensor nodes, message collision and loss retransmission are greatly avoided, the rapidness and the stability of networking and data transmission are ensured, and the power consumption of a system is reduced.
Device embodiment
FIG. 4 is a block diagram schematic diagram of a system for a wireless ad hoc network of sensors.
Referring to fig. 4, a system 400 for wireless ad hoc networking of sensors includes a processor module 401, a communication module 403.
According to an embodiment, the processor module 401, which may be multiple, is configured to adjust a communication hierarchical relationship among multiple sensor nodes according to node positions of deployed multiple sensors by using a gateway node position as a reference, so as to form a network structure, where the multiple sensor nodes are divided into a parent node and a child node, and the parent node and the child node are used for collecting data, and the processor module 401 is configured to:
dividing the uploading period of the data into a time synchronization stage, a network access registration stage and a data transmission stage according to a time sequence;
and dividing each stage into a plurality of time slots according to the number of the plurality of sensor nodes, so that each node is allocated to the corresponding time slot in the corresponding stage.
According to an embodiment, the processor module may be a low power secure wireless MCU, which may contain a built-in security algorithm module (not shown in fig. 4). The security algorithm module encrypts data transmitted between the nodes, so that the security of data exchange can be effectively protected, and the influence on production security caused by malicious tampering of system parameters or stealing of data information by others is avoided.
According to the embodiment, the number of the communication modules 403 may be multiple, and the communication modules are used for collecting data of a parent node and a child node divided by the plurality of sensor nodes, and uploading the collected data to an adjacent parent node of the child node or the gateway node. Specifically, a Chirp-IOT modulation and demodulation technology can be adopted to support half-duplex wireless communication, and the working frequency range can be 400-510 MHz, such as a high-performance RF transceiver.
The processor module 401 and the communication module 403 are configured to have all the functions of the above-described embodiments in fig. 1 to 3, which are not described herein in detail.
According to a preferred embodiment, the processor module 401 and the communication module 403 may be integrated within the same package. The prior technical scheme uses more discrete components, the size of a circuit board is larger, the cost is higher, the development and debugging time is longer, the power consumption and the reliability of a system are possibly influenced, and the application occasions are possibly limited due to the problems of the size and the cost. By the system 400, node equipment has few discrete components, small size, low cost, short development period and better stability, and can be applied to occasions with limited space.
According to an embodiment, the system 400 may further include an indication module 405, which may be disposed outside the package, for indicating the current network signal quality at different flashing frequencies under the control of the processor module, so as to facilitate the user to deploy the node device. The existing technical scheme can only use the gateway node as a reference when deploying the node position, and deploys the position of each sensor node by means of feeling without explicit indication reference, so that a stable network topology can not be quickly formed due to unreasonable signal distribution, more time is spent, and more time is spent on increasing and decreasing the node in the later stage to optimize the network structure. The indication module 405 in the system 400 is equipped with a network signal quality indicator light, which can indicate the current network signal quality with indicator lights of different flashing frequencies according to the RSSI of the received message under the control of the MCU, so that the user can deploy the node more conveniently and quickly.
According to a preferred embodiment, when the processor module 401 and the communication module 403 may be integrated into the processor module 401 in the same package, the processor module 401 is configured to have all the functions of the above-described embodiments in fig. 1 to 3, which are not described herein again.
An embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus, which includes a processor, a memory, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and when the processor executes the program, the method steps shown in fig. 1 to 3 are implemented. The device herein may be a chip, a server, a PC, a PAD, a mobile phone, etc.
Through the technical scheme, a round of data uploading period of the whole system is divided into a time synchronization stage, a network access registration stage and a data transmission stage according to a time sequence, meanwhile, a time division multiple access technology is utilized for avoiding message transmission conflicts of all nodes in corresponding stages, each stage is divided into a plurality of time slots according to the number of the nodes, each node has a corresponding time slot in the corresponding stage, data is sent only in the exclusive time slot of the node, data conflicts are avoided, and the whole networking process and the data transmission process are clear; according to the technical scheme, parameters such as data periods of all nodes are modified when the gateway node broadcasts the time synchronization frame according to the difference between the number of actually deployed nodes and the uploading period time of the user data, so that the data uploading of the whole system is ensured to meet the user requirements, and the balance between the efficiency and the power consumption is achieved; the module integration of the system ensures that hardware equipment of the node has fewer discrete components, small size and low cost, and can be applied to occasions with limited space.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, stamps and/or computer program products. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above are merely examples of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (15)
1. A method of wireless ad hoc networking of sensors, comprising:
and taking the position of the gateway node as a reference, and adjusting the communication hierarchical relation among a plurality of sensor nodes according to the positions of the deployed sensors to form a network structure, wherein,
dividing the plurality of sensor nodes into father nodes and child nodes, wherein the father nodes and the child nodes are used for collecting data;
uploading the collected data to a neighboring parent node of the child node or the gateway node, wherein
Dividing the uploading period of the data into a time synchronization stage, a network access registration stage and a data transmission stage according to a time sequence;
and dividing each stage into a plurality of time slots according to the number of the plurality of sensor nodes, so that each node is allocated to the corresponding time slot in the corresponding stage.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the gateway node location is determined based on signal strength.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the time synchronization phase, the gateway node is caused to broadcast a time synchronization frame to the plurality of sensor nodes, the time synchronization frame comprising relevant basic parameters of the ad hoc network;
determining whether the source address node is a father node of the sensor node or not according to the signal strength of the received time synchronization frame;
enabling the plurality of sensor nodes to modify the relative time of the sensor nodes, and changing the source address in the broadcast synchronization frame into the address of the sensor nodes;
and enabling the plurality of sensor nodes to randomly back off in the corresponding time slots, and then forwarding the time synchronization frame step by step.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the relevant basic parameters of the ad hoc network comprise one or more of the following: relative time, self-addresses of the plurality of sensor nodes, data period and transmission power, wherein
The relative time is relative time data based on the time of the gateway node, and is used for time synchronization of the whole system.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein during the network entry registration phase,
enabling the plurality of sensor nodes to respectively send network access registration frames in own time slots to request for accessing a network, wherein the destination addresses of the network access registration frames are the father node addresses of the plurality of sensor nodes recorded in the time synchronization stage;
judging whether the destination address of the sensor node corresponding to the parent node is the address of the sensor node;
when the destination address of the sensor node corresponding to the father node is judged to be the self address, the sensor nodes sequentially forward the network access registration frame to the father node corresponding to the sensor node until the gateway node is finally reached;
and enabling the gateway node to receive the network access registration frames of the sensor nodes, analyzing to obtain routing tables of all the sensor nodes, and enabling the gateway node to broadcast and send the time synchronization frame in the next data period so as to clarify father node and child node information and corresponding time slots of the sensor nodes.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the routing table changes in real time according to network entry conditions, and wherein the routing table comprises one or more of the following: the self addresses of the sensor nodes, the father node addresses of the sensor nodes, the child node addresses of the sensor nodes and the number of sensor nodes in each level.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein during the data transmission phase,
enabling the plurality of sensor nodes to send data frames to corresponding parent nodes in the allocated time slots;
enabling the corresponding father node to send a response frame after receiving the data of the plurality of sensor nodes;
enabling the corresponding father node to gather data of all the corresponding sensor nodes and data of the corresponding father node and send the data to the father node of the corresponding father node in an allocated time slot;
and summarizing and sending step by step until the gateway node receives all the data of the child nodes at all levels.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein dividing each stage into a plurality of time slots according to the number of the plurality of sensor nodes comprises:
each stage is equally divided into a plurality of time slots according to the number of the plurality of sensor nodes.
9. A system for wireless ad hoc networking of sensors, comprising:
a plurality of processor modules, configured to adjust a communication hierarchical relationship among a plurality of sensor nodes according to node positions of deployed sensors by using gateway node positions as references to form a network structure, wherein the plurality of sensor nodes are divided into parent nodes and child nodes, and the parent nodes and the child nodes are used for collecting data, and the processor module is configured to:
dividing the uploading period of the data into a time synchronization stage, a network access registration stage and a data transmission stage according to a time sequence;
dividing each stage into a plurality of time slots according to the number of the plurality of sensor nodes, so that each node is allocated to a corresponding time slot in the corresponding stage;
a plurality of communication modules for uploading the collected data to a neighboring father node of the child node or the gateway node.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein during the time synchronization phase, the processor module is configured to:
enabling the gateway node to broadcast and send a time synchronization frame to the plurality of sensor nodes, wherein the time synchronization frame comprises relevant basic parameters of the ad hoc network;
determining whether the source address node is a father node of the sensor node or not according to the signal strength of the received time synchronization frame;
enabling the plurality of sensor nodes to modify the relative time of the sensor nodes, and changing the source address in the broadcast synchronization frame into the address of the sensor nodes;
and enabling the plurality of sensor nodes to randomly back off in the corresponding time slots, and then forwarding the time synchronization frame step by step.
11. The system of claim 9, wherein during the network entry registration phase, the processor module is configured to:
enabling the plurality of sensor nodes to respectively send network access registration frames in own time slots to request for accessing a network, wherein the destination addresses of the network access registration frames are the father node addresses of the plurality of sensor nodes recorded in the time synchronization stage;
judging whether the destination address of the sensor node corresponding to the parent node is the address of the sensor node;
when the destination address of the sensor node corresponding to the father node is judged to be the self address, the sensor nodes sequentially forward the network access registration frame to the father node corresponding to the sensor node until the gateway node is finally reached;
and enabling the gateway node to receive the network access registration frames of the sensor nodes, analyzing to obtain routing tables of all the sensor nodes, and enabling the gateway node to broadcast and send the time synchronization frame in the next data period so as to clarify father node and child node information and corresponding time slots of the sensor nodes.
12. The system of claim 9, wherein during the data transfer phase, the processor module is configured to:
enabling the plurality of sensor nodes to send data frames to corresponding parent nodes in the allocated time slots;
enabling the corresponding father node to send a response frame after receiving the data of the plurality of sensor nodes;
enabling the corresponding father node to gather data of all the corresponding sensor nodes and data of the corresponding father node and send the data to the father node of the corresponding father node in an allocated time slot;
and summarizing and sending step by step until the gateway node receives all the data of the child nodes at all levels.
13. The system of claim 9, wherein the processor module and the communication module may be integrated within the same package.
14. The system of claim 13, comprising:
and the indicating module is arranged outside the package and used for indicating the current network signal quality at different flashing frequencies under the control of the processor module.
15. An apparatus comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the processor is configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1-8.
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| CN114585063A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-06-03 | 深圳市兆芯微电子有限公司 | Internet of things ultra-low power consumption ad hoc network communication method |
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