CN114336556B - Hybrid superconducting direct current limiter and self-adaptive hybrid current limiting method - Google Patents
Hybrid superconducting direct current limiter and self-adaptive hybrid current limiting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114336556B CN114336556B CN202111655704.9A CN202111655704A CN114336556B CN 114336556 B CN114336556 B CN 114336556B CN 202111655704 A CN202111655704 A CN 202111655704A CN 114336556 B CN114336556 B CN 114336556B
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- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mixed superconducting direct current limiter and a self-adaptive mixed current limiting method, comprising a main current limiting unit, an auxiliary current limiting unit and an energy absorbing unit; the main current limiting unit is connected with the auxiliary current limiting unit in series, the energy absorbing unit is arranged on a serial branch of the main current limiting unit and the auxiliary current limiting unit in parallel, and the main current limiting unit comprises a rectangular closed iron core, a superconducting winding arranged on the rectangular closed iron core, a copper winding and a direct current power supply connected with the superconducting winding; the auxiliary current limiting unit consists of a reactor L and a current limiting resistor R which are connected in parallel 1 Composition; the energy absorption unit consists of a diode D and a normally-conductive resistor R 2 And the diode D is connected in anti-parallel with a branch circuit formed by the main current limiting unit and the auxiliary current limiting unit. When a short circuit fault occurs in the direct current system, the invention can respond rapidly and inhibit fault current; the automatic resistance-sensing mixed current limiting device can realize automatic resistance-sensing mixed current limiting, not only can effectively limit the rising rate of fault current, but also can reduce the peak value of the fault current.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power protection, in particular to a novel hybrid superconducting direct current limiter and a self-adaptive hybrid current limiting method.
Background
The high-voltage direct-current transmission system based on the voltage source type converter rapidly rises to several times or even tens times of rated current when a direct-current side short circuit fault occurs. However, it is difficult for the conventional hybrid dc circuit breaker to satisfy the requirements in terms of the operation speed and the interruption capacity. Configuring a superconducting dc current limiter is one of the effective ways to assist in opening and closing a circuit breaker.
The pure resistive superconducting DC current limiter can reduce the maximum short-circuit current and the breaking capacity of the breaker, but has the problem of long recovery time. The pure inductance type superconducting direct current limiter can obviously limit the rising speed of fault current, but cannot effectively reduce the steady-state value of direct current fault current; the energy in the current-limiting inductor is released slowly due to the lack of necessary energy absorption links, so that the larger the current-limiting inductor is, the longer the required recovery time is; in addition, large inductances can also extend fault line isolation times, and stored electromagnetic energy can cause damage to the lightning arresters in the dc circuit breaker due to thermal overload.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a hybrid superconducting direct current limiter and a self-adaptive hybrid current limiting method, which realize self-adaptive resistance sensing current limiting when a direct current system fails, and solve the problems that short-circuit current peak cannot be effectively limited only by inductance current limiting and fault current clearing time can be prolonged.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a self-adaptive mixed current limiting method of a mixed superconducting direct current limiter, which comprises a main current limiting unit, an auxiliary current limiting unit and an energy absorbing unit; the main current limiting unit is connected with the auxiliary current limiting unit in series, and the energy absorbing unit is arranged on a serial branch of the main current limiting unit and the auxiliary current limiting unit in parallel, wherein: the main current limiting unit comprises a rectangular closed iron core, a superconducting winding, a copper winding and a direct current power supply, wherein the superconducting winding and the copper winding are arranged on the rectangular closed iron core; the auxiliary current limiting unit consists of a reactor L and a current limiting resistor R which are connected in parallel 1 Composition; the energy absorption unit consists of a diode D and a normally-conductive resistor R 2 The diode D is connected in anti-parallel with a branch circuit formed by the main current limiting unit and the auxiliary current limiting unit; the method comprises the following steps:
when the high-voltage direct-current transmission system normally operates, the hybrid superconducting direct-current limiter and the direct-current breaker are connected in series in a system line, the iron core of the main current limiting unit of the hybrid superconducting direct-current limiter is in a saturated state, the magnetic permeability is very low, and the main current limiting unit externally shows low impedance; the direct current load current flows through the reactor L and the current limiting resistor R 1 Is bypassed; the diode D bears reverse voltage, and the energy absorption unit is not connected with the circuit;
t=t 0 at moment, short circuit occurs in HVDC systemThe main current limiting unit has inductive current limiting effect to the outside, so that the rising rate of the fault current is limited; the fault current is automatically shunted to the current limiting resistor R in the auxiliary current limiting unit 1 The auxiliary current limiting unit is arranged on the branch and mainly has a resistive current limiting effect to the outside, so that the auxiliary current limiting unit and the main current limiting unit are matched together to realize resistive composite current limiting, thereby limiting the rising rate of fault current and limiting the peak value of fault current; at this time, the diode D of the energy absorption unit is not conducted;
t=t 1 at moment, the energy-consuming branch circuit in the direct current breaker is put into, the direct current breaker starts to cut off fault current, the main current limiting unit and the reactor L induce reverse voltage along with the attenuation of the direct current fault current, and at the moment, the diode D bears forward voltage to conduct, and the energy-absorbing resistor R is connected with the power supply 2 Putting into a fault loop to accelerate the circuit breaker to cut off the short-circuit fault;
t=t 2 at moment, the direct current breaker completely cuts off fault current, and residual electromagnetic energy in the main current limiting unit of the hybrid superconducting direct current limiter and the reactor L passes through the resistor R 1 、R 2 And releasing until the mixed superconducting direct current limiter is recovered.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the self-adaptive resistance-inductance hybrid current limiting device can quickly respond, can effectively limit the rising rate of fault current, and can reduce the peak value of the fault current;
2. when the direct current breaker is matched with the direct current breaker for fault clearing, the energy dissipation of a lightning arrester in the direct current breaker can be obviously reduced, and the direct current breaker can be assisted to realize the rapid clearing of fault current;
3. after the fault is cleared, residual electromagnetic energy in the main current limiting unit and the auxiliary current limiting unit can be discharged through the energy absorbing unit quickly, and then the superconducting current limiter body can be recovered quickly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a topology of a hybrid superconducting DC current limiter of the present invention;
fig. 2 (a) is a topology of a hybrid superconducting dc current limiter and hybrid dc circuit breaker of the present invention;
fig. 2 (b) is a topology of a hybrid superconducting dc current limiter and a general dc circuit breaker of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a high voltage direct current transmission system (VSC-HVDC) based on a voltage source converter;
FIG. 4 is a graph of DC system short-circuit fault current waveforms for both cases of using only the main current limiting unit and using the hybrid superconducting DC current limiter of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a graph of dc breaker energy consumption for both the case of using only the main current limiting unit and the case of using the hybrid superconducting dc current limiter of the present invention;
reference numerals:
1. the device comprises a main current limiting unit 2, an auxiliary current limiting unit 3, an energy absorbing unit 4, a superconducting winding 5, a copper winding 6, a rectangular closed iron core 7, a direct current power supply 81, 82, a first alternating current system, a second alternating current system 91, 92, a first converter station, a second converter station, 10, a mixed superconducting direct current limiter 11 and a mixed direct current breaker.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a topology of the hybrid superconducting dc current limiter of the present invention is shown. The hybrid superconducting direct current limiter consists of a main current limiting unit 1, an auxiliary current limiting unit 2 and an energy absorbing unit 3. The main current limiting unit 1 is connected with the auxiliary current limiting unit 2 in series, and a branch formed by connecting the main current limiting unit 1 and the auxiliary current limiting unit 2 in series is connected with the energy absorbing unit 3 in parallel; the main current limiting unit 1 consists of a superconducting winding 4, a copper winding 5, a rectangular closed iron core 6 and a direct current power supply 7, and the auxiliary current limiting unit 2 consists of a reactor L and a current limiting resistor R 1 The energy absorption unit 3 consists of an anti-parallel diode D and an energy absorption resistor R which are connected in parallel 2 And (3) connecting in series.
Magnetomotive force generated by the superconducting winding in the main current limiting unit 1 is opposite to that generated by the copper winding.
The current limiting capacity of the main current limiting unit 1 is determined by the degree of coupling of the copper winding to the core, i.e. the vector sum of the magnetomotive force generated by the copper winding and the total magnetomotive force formed in the core by the magnetomotive force generated by the superconducting winding. When the direct current system fails, as the vector directions of the two magnetomotive forces are opposite to each other in the iron core, the instantaneously increased direct current short-circuit current leads the magnetomotive force generated in the copper winding to be increased sharply and to be rapidly exceeded the magnetomotive force generated by the superconducting winding, and the vector sum of the magnetomotive forces in the iron core is reduced rapidly, so that the iron core which is originally in a deep saturation region is rapidly separated from the saturation state and moves to a linear region. In this process, the core internal permeability increases and the main current limiting unit 1 presents a large inductance to the outside.
Preferably, the reactor in the auxiliary current limiting unit 2 may be an air core reactor or an iron core reactor.
When the HVDC system is in normal operation, the rectangular closed iron core 6 is in a saturated state, and the main current limiting unit 1 presents small inductance. At this time, the load current flows through the reactor L in the auxiliary current limiting unit 2, and the current limiting resistor R is connected in parallel therewith 1 Is bypassed. At the same time, the diode D is turned off by the reverse voltage, and the energy absorbing unit 3 is not connected to the circuit.
After the short circuit fault occurs in the high-voltage direct-current transmission system, the short circuit fault current rises rapidly, the rectangular closed iron core 6 in the main current limiting unit 1 is desaturated and enters an unsaturated zone, the main current limiting unit 1 rapidly generates large inductance, and the rising rate of the fault current is limited. Meanwhile, due to the blocking effect of the reactor L in the auxiliary current limiting unit 2, the rapidly rising fault current can be automatically shunted to the current limiting resistor R connected in parallel with the reactor L 1 Thereby the auxiliary current limiting unit 2 and the main current limiting unit 1 are matched together to realize the resistance-inductance composite current limiting.
After the lightning arrester in the direct current breaker is put into operation, the fault current begins to decay. At this time, reverse voltage is induced at two ends of the hybrid superconducting direct current limiter, so that the diode D is conducted due to the forward voltage, and the energy absorption unit 3 is connected into a fault loop to accelerate fault current attenuation and share energy consumption of a lightning arrester in the direct current breaker.
After fault line isolation, the main current limiting unit and the residual electromagnetic energy in the reactorThrough parallel current-limiting resistor R 1 And an energy absorption resistor R 2 Consumption.
Dc circuit breakers include a variety of types including solid state, mechanical and hybrid, and are characterized in common by a single breaking branch in parallel with a single energy dissipating branch having a lightning arrester, as shown in fig. 2 (a). And hybrid dc circuit breakers are a more common type of dc circuit breaker.
Further, as shown in fig. 2 (b), a series topology of the hybrid superconducting dc current limiter and the hybrid dc circuit breaker according to the present invention is shown. The working principle of the adaptive hybrid current limiting method of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 2 (b):
when the system normally operates, the hybrid superconducting direct current limiter and the direct current breaker are connected in series in a system circuit, the iron core of the main current limiting unit of the hybrid superconducting direct current limiter is in a saturated state, the magnetic conductivity is very low, and the main current limiting unit externally shows low impedance; the direct current load current flows through the reactor L and the current limiting resistor R 1 Is bypassed; the diode D is subjected to reverse voltage and the energy absorbing unit is not connected to the circuit.
t=t 0 At moment, the high-voltage direct-current transmission system has short-circuit fault, the iron core of the main current limiting unit is desaturated and enters an unsaturated zone along with the rising of fault current, the magnetic permeability is rapidly increased, and at the moment, the main current limiting unit presents an inductive current limiting effect to the outside to limit the rising rate of the fault current; at this time, the fault current which changes rapidly is automatically shunted to the current limiting resistor R in the auxiliary current limiting unit 1 The auxiliary current limiting unit is positioned on the branch and mainly has a resistive current limiting effect on the outside; therefore, the auxiliary current limiting unit and the main current limiting unit are matched together to realize resistance-inductance composite current limiting, so that the rise rate of fault current can be limited, and the peak value of fault current can be limited; at this time, the diode D of the energy absorption unit is not conducted;
t=t 1 at the moment, the energy-consuming branch circuit in the direct current breaker is put into, and the breaker starts to cut off fault current. The main current limiting unit and the reactor L induce reverse voltage due to the attenuation of direct current fault current, and at the moment, the diode D is conducted by the forward voltage to absorb the energy of the resistor R 2 Putting into a fault loop to accelerate the circuit breaker to cut off the short-circuit fault;
t=t 2 at the moment, the direct current breaker completely cuts off the fault current. Main current limiting unit of hybrid superconducting direct current limiter and residual electromagnetic energy in reactor L pass through resistor R 1 、R 2 And releasing until the mixed superconducting direct current limiter is recovered.
As shown in fig. 3, a schematic diagram is shown for a voltage source converter based high voltage direct current transmission system (VSC-HVDC) embodiment. The hybrid superconducting dc current limiter of the present invention and the hybrid dc breaker installation location in conjunction with which line faults are removed are shown. The hybrid superconducting dc current limiter 101 and the hybrid dc breaker 102 of the present invention are provided between the first converter station 91 and the second converter station 92, and the first converter station 91 and the second converter station 92 are connected to the first ac system and the second ac system 81 and 82, respectively.
The operating parameters of the HVDC system include rated voltage of + -200 kV, rated capacity of 400MVA, DC capacitance of 200 μF, DC line resistance of 0.0139 Ω/m, line inductance of 0.159mH/m, and line length of 100km. Assuming that the system has a bipolar short-circuit fault at the position of 5km at the outlet of the first converter station, the energy-consuming branch circuit in the hybrid direct current breaker drops fault current after 4 ms.
The invention case-wise compares and analyzes the effect of only adopting the main current limiting unit with inductive current limiting effect and adopting the novel mixed superconducting DC current limiter.
As shown in fig. 4, a waveform diagram of a short-circuit fault current of a dc system in both cases where only the main current limiting unit and the hybrid superconducting dc current limiter of the present invention are used is shown. Fig. 5 is a graph of dc breaker energy consumption for both cases of using only the main current limiting unit and using the hybrid superconducting dc current limiter of the present invention. Compared with the main current limiting unit, the hybrid superconducting DC current limiter has stronger capability in the aspects of resistance sensing and current limiting, accelerating fault line isolation and relieving the energy consumption pressure of a lightning arrester in the DC circuit breaker.
Compared with the current limiting of the main current limiting unit only, the novel hybrid superconducting direct current limiter can effectively limit the rising rate of fault current and reduce the peak value of the fault current. When the direct current breaker is matched with the direct current breaker for fault clearing, the energy dissipation of a lightning arrester in the direct current breaker can be obviously reduced, and the direct current breaker can be assisted to realize the rapid clearing of fault current. After the fault is cleared, the superconducting direct current limiter can realize quick recovery.
Claims (1)
1. The self-adaptive mixed current limiting method of the mixed superconducting direct current limiter is characterized in that the mixed superconducting direct current limiter comprises a main current limiting unit, an auxiliary current limiting unit and an energy absorbing unit; the main current limiting unit is connected with the auxiliary current limiting unit in series, and the energy absorbing unit is arranged on a serial branch of the main current limiting unit and the auxiliary current limiting unit in parallel, wherein: the main current limiting unit comprises a rectangular closed iron core, a superconducting winding, a copper winding and a direct current power supply, wherein the superconducting winding and the copper winding are arranged on the rectangular closed iron core; the auxiliary current limiting unit consists of a reactor L and a current limiting resistor R which are connected in parallel 1 Composition; the energy absorption unit consists of a diode D and a normally-conductive resistor R 2 The diode D is connected in anti-parallel with a branch circuit formed by the main current limiting unit and the auxiliary current limiting unit; the method comprises the following steps:
when the high-voltage direct-current transmission system normally operates, the hybrid superconducting direct-current limiter and the direct-current breaker are connected in series in a system line, the iron core of the main current limiting unit of the hybrid superconducting direct-current limiter is in a saturated state, the magnetic permeability is very low, and the main current limiting unit externally shows low impedance; the direct current load current flows through the reactor L and the current limiting resistor R 1 Is bypassed; the diode D bears reverse voltage, and the energy absorption unit is not connected with the circuit;
t=t 0 at moment, the high-voltage direct-current transmission system has short-circuit fault, the iron core of the main current limiting unit is desaturated and enters an unsaturated zone along with the rising of fault current, the magnetic permeability is rapidly increased, and at the moment, the main current limiting unit presents an inductive current limiting effect to the outside to limit the rising rate of the fault current; the fault current is automatically shunted to the current limiting resistor R in the auxiliary current limiting unit 1 The branch circuit is provided with an auxiliary current limiting unit which mainly presents a resistive current limiting effect to the outside, thereby leading the auxiliary current limiting unit to realizeThe unit and the main current limiting unit are matched together to realize resistance-inductance composite current limiting, so that the rising rate of fault current is limited, and the peak value of fault current is also limited; at this time, the diode D of the energy absorption unit is not conducted;
t=t 1 at moment, the energy-consuming branch circuit in the direct current breaker is put into, the direct current breaker starts to cut off fault current, the main current limiting unit and the reactor L induce reverse voltage along with the attenuation of the direct current fault current, and at the moment, the diode D bears forward voltage to conduct, and the energy-absorbing resistor R is connected with the power supply 2 Putting into a fault loop to accelerate the circuit breaker to cut off the short-circuit fault;
t=t 2 at moment, the direct current breaker completely cuts off fault current, and residual electromagnetic energy in the main current limiting unit of the hybrid superconducting direct current limiter and the reactor L passes through the resistor R 1 、R 2 And releasing until the mixed superconducting direct current limiter is recovered.
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