CN114329663B - Slope unit dividing method based on scale of historical geological disasters - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a slope unit dividing method based on historical geological disaster scale, which comprises the following steps: extracting a plurality of initial dividing slope units from forward and reverse EDM data by adopting a hydrological analysis method based on a preset minimum dividing area parameter; according to the area distribution of the historical geological disasters of the sample area, combining by using the minimum combination area parameter to obtain a plurality of combined slope units; calculating an evaluation index; optimizing the value range of the minimum merging area parameter; and carrying out scale constraint on the division results of the combined slope units according to the optimal interval. According to the method, the fitted ridge line and the fitted valley line are automatically extracted from the DEM data, the slope unit which accords with the actual landform and landform is generated, subsequent complicated manual modification work is not needed, and the efficiency of slope unit division is improved on the premise that the accuracy of slope unit division is guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geological disaster evaluation, and particularly relates to a slope unit dividing method based on historical geological disaster scale.
Background
With the continuous and deep research of regional geological disasters, the regional geological disaster risk evaluation based on the GIS platform is widely applied. The slope unit is a basic unit for development of geological disasters such as landslide, and the risk evaluation result can be closer to an actual geological disaster area by using the slope unit as the basic unit for geological disaster evaluation. Therefore, the effective division of the slope units has important significance on the accuracy of the subsequent risk evaluation result.
In the prior art, a hydrological method is usually adopted to analyze the surface hydrological process of a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) by utilizing ArcGIS, ridge lines and valley lines are extracted, and the ridge lines and the valley lines are closed to form slope units, but more tiny broken surfaces and unreasonable strip-shaped units can be generated in the dividing process of the slope units, a large amount of manpower is needed for correction in the later period, the operation is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the efficiency is low.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a partitioning method capable of improving the partitioning efficiency of the slope unit and meeting the practical application requirements to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a slope unit dividing method based on the scale of historical geological disasters, which is used for solving at least one technical problem in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a slope unit dividing method based on historical geological disaster scale, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring forward and reverse DEM data of a sample area, and extracting a plurality of initial division slope units from the forward and reverse EDM data by adopting a hydrological analysis method based on a preset minimum division area parameter;
acquiring vector data of the scale of the historical geological disasters in the sample area, counting the distribution of the vector data, calculating by using a quantile algorithm to obtain each quantile numerical value, and taking each quantile numerical value as a minimum combined area parameter respectively so as to combine the plurality of initial divided slope units by using a fragmentary unit to obtain a plurality of combined slope units;
calculating a plurality of evaluation indexes for measuring the area distribution discrete degree among the combined slope units according to the area data of the combined slope units;
realizing numerical value balance among the evaluation indexes based on a quantile algorithm, continuously encrypting quantile points to optimize the value range of the minimum combined area parameter to obtain an optimal interval of the minimum combined area parameter;
and carrying out scale constraint on the division results of the combined slope units according to the optimal interval to obtain the optimal division result of the sample area slope units.
In one possible design, obtaining vector data of the scale of the historical geological disaster of the sample area, counting the distribution of the vector data, and calculating by using a quantile algorithm to obtain each quantile value, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring vector area data of historical geological disasters of a sample area, and obtaining area distribution among geological disaster areas in the sample area according to the vector area data;
according to the area distribution, each quantile numerical value is calculated by using a quantile algorithm, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein Q i Denotes the ith quantile in the area distribution, i ═ 1, 2., (k-1), k denotes the number of p quantiles in the area distribution; position (Q) i ) Position (Q) representing the position of p quantile i ) 1+ (n-1) × p, n representing the number of area data and p representing the probability of quantile;representing the area data at the rounded position of the p quantile,area data, figure (Q) representing the p quantile rounding the next bit position i ) A quantile value representing the position of the p quantile.
In one possible design, taking each fractional value as a minimum merging area parameter, respectively, to merge remaining fragmented units with respect to the plurality of initial divided slope units, so as to obtain a plurality of merged slope units, including:
s1, taking each fractional numerical value as a minimum merging area parameter, merging a certain fragmentary unit with an area smaller than or equal to a certain minimum merging parameter into an adjacent initial dividing slope unit, and deleting a longest boundary between the fragmentary unit and the adjacent initial dividing slope unit;
s2, when a certain fragmentary unit with the area smaller than or equal to a certain minimum merging area parameter does not have an adjacent initial divided slope unit, deleting all boundaries of the fragmentary unit, and taking the fragmentary unit as an independent merged slope unit;
and repeating the steps S1-S2 until all the fragmentary units are combined to obtain a plurality of combined slope units.
In one possible design, calculating, according to area data of a plurality of the merged slope units, a plurality of evaluation indexes for measuring a degree of dispersion of area distribution among the plurality of merged slope units includes:
calculating a standard deviation and a variation coefficient for measuring the area distribution discrete degree among the combined slope units according to the area data of the combined slope units;
wherein the standard deviation σ n The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
where m represents the number of ramp units after merging,denotes the average area, x, of each merged ramp cell j Representing the area of the jth merged slope unit;
wherein the coefficient of variation c v The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
in one possible design, the method includes the steps of implementing numerical balance among a plurality of evaluation indexes based on a quantile algorithm, continuously encrypting quantile points to optimize a value range of the minimum combined area parameter, and obtaining an optimal interval of the minimum combined area parameter, including:
keeping the minimum partition area parameter constant, gradually increasing the threshold of the minimum merging parameter, and detecting the standard deviation sigma n And the coefficient of variation c v A change in the value of (c);
when the standard deviation sigma is detected n After a certain numerical value is increased sharply, the encryption of a quantile point is carried out in an adjacent numerical value interval of the numerical value by adopting a quantile algorithm;
calculating a slope unit area value corresponding to each encryption quantile point, and sequentially taking each slope unit area value as a minimum combination parameter to perform repartitioning on the combined slope units in a sample area;
at the time of ensuring the standard deviation sigma n Is at a threshold amplitude such that the coefficient of variation c v Taking the minimum value to realize the standard deviation sigma n And coefficient of variation c v The numerical balance among the steps;
and continuously encrypting the fractional bit points in a numerical value balance state to obtain the optimal interval [ a, b ] of the minimum merging parameter.
In one possible design, performing scale constraint on the division result of the multiple merged slope units according to the optimal interval includes:
and carrying out scale constraint on the division results of the combined slope units according to the fractional value data [ position ([ a, b ]) ] corresponding to the optimal interval [ a, b ].
Has the advantages that:
according to the method, the slope unit is initially divided into the slope units by utilizing a hydrological analysis method based on the minimum dividing area parameter, then the minimum combined area parameter is optimized based on historical geological disaster area distribution, finally the scale constraint is carried out on the combined slope unit automatic division result by utilizing the optimal interval of the minimum combined area parameter, and the fragmentary units are automatically combined, so that the fitted ridge line and valley line are automatically extracted from DEM data, the slope units conforming to the actual landform and landform are generated, the subsequent complicated manual modification work is not needed, and the slope unit dividing efficiency is improved on the premise of ensuring the accuracy of the slope unit division.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a slope unit partitioning method based on the scale of historical geological disasters in this embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present disclosure. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments in the present description, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
In order to solve the technical problems that in the slope unit dividing process, a large number of fine crushing surfaces and unreasonable long-strip-shaped units are generated, a large amount of manual work is needed for correction in the later period, the operation is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the efficiency is low, the embodiment of the application provides the slope unit dividing method based on the scale of historical geological disasters, the method achieves the purpose that fitting ridge lines and valley lines are automatically extracted from DEM data, the slope units which accord with actual landform and landform are generated, follow-up complex manual modification work is not needed, and the slope unit dividing efficiency is improved on the premise that the accuracy of slope unit dividing is guaranteed.
For convenience of description, unless otherwise specified, the implementation subject of the embodiments of the present application is mainly a personal computer, including but not limited to a desktop computer, a notebook computer, a mini notebook computer, a tablet computer, an ultrabook, and the like, and is not particularly limited.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a slope unit partitioning method based on the scale of historical geological disasters, including but not limited to the implementation of steps S101 to S105:
s101, acquiring forward and reverse DEM data of a sample area, and extracting a plurality of initial division slope units from the forward and reverse EDM data by adopting a hydrological analysis method based on a preset minimum division area parameter;
it should be noted that the minimum division area parameter is a parameter for limiting the area size of the sub-watershed surface generated when the watershed is divided by the forward direction DEM, and the unit is set to be square meter (m) 2 ). The minimum division area parameter can control the detailed degree of the divided initial division slope units, and when the numerical value of the minimum division area parameter is smaller, the generated multiple initial division slope units can fit the detailed division result of the actual landform and landform.
S102, obtaining vector data of the scale of the historical geological disasters of the sample area, counting the distribution of the vector data, calculating by using a quantile algorithm to obtain each quantile numerical value, and taking each quantile numerical value as a minimum combination area parameter respectively to combine the plurality of initial divided slope units in a fragmentary mode to obtain a plurality of combined slope units;
in a specific implementation manner of step S102, acquiring vector data of the scale of the historical geological disaster in the sample area, counting the distribution of the vector data, and calculating by using a quantile algorithm to obtain each quantile value, including:
s1021, acquiring vector area data of historical geological disasters of a sample area, and acquiring area distribution of each geological disaster area in the sample area according to the vector area data;
specifically, after the vector area data of the historical geological disasters of the sample area are acquired, the areas of all geological disaster areas in the sample area can be counted in a vector data attribute table, and the areas of all geological disaster areas are sorted, so that the area distribution among all geological disaster areas can be intuitively acquired.
S1022, calculating by using a quantile algorithm according to the area distribution to obtain each quantile numerical value, wherein a calculation formula is as follows:
wherein Q is i Denotes the ith quantile in the area distribution, i ═ 1, 2., (k-1), k denotes the number of p quantiles in the area distribution; position (Q) i ) Position (Q) representing the position of p quantile i ) 1+ (n-1) × p, n representing the number of area data and p representing the probability of quantile;representing the area data at the rounded position of the p quantile,area data, figure (Q) representing the p quantile rounding the next bit position i ) A quantile value representing a p quantile position.
It should be noted that the quantile refers to a point in the continuous distribution function, the point corresponds to the probability p, and if the probability 0 < p < 1, the quantile Za of the random variable X or its probability distribution refers to a real number satisfying the condition p (X ≦ Za) ═ α.
In a specific implementation manner of step S102, taking each fractional value as a minimum merging area parameter, respectively, to merge remaining fragmented units with respect to the multiple initial divided slope units, so as to obtain multiple merged slope units, where the method includes:
s1, respectively taking each decimal value as a minimum merging area parameter, merging a certain fragmentary unit with an area smaller than or equal to a certain minimum merging parameter into an adjacent initial dividing slope unit, and deleting a longest boundary between the fragmentary unit and the adjacent initial dividing slope unit;
it should be noted that each fractional value is respectively used as a minimum merging area parameter, and then a suitable minimum merging area parameter is configured for the fractional unit according to the area of the fractional unit to perform unit merging. For example: and when the area of a certain fragmentary unit is less than or equal to 20 ten thousand square meters, merging the fragmentary unit into an adjacent initial division slope unit, and deleting the longest boundary between the fragmentary unit and the adjacent initial division slope unit.
S2, when a certain fragmentary unit with the area smaller than or equal to a certain minimum merging area parameter does not have an adjacent initial divided slope unit, deleting all boundaries of the fragmentary unit, and taking the fragmentary unit as an independent merged slope unit;
and S3, repeating the steps S1-S2 until all the fragmentary units are combined to obtain a plurality of combined slope units.
S103, calculating a plurality of evaluation indexes for measuring the area distribution discrete degree among the combined slope units according to the area data of the combined slope units;
in a specific implementation manner of step S103, calculating, according to area data of a plurality of the merged slope units, a plurality of evaluation indexes for measuring a degree of area distribution dispersion among the plurality of the merged slope units includes:
calculating a standard deviation and a variation coefficient for measuring the area distribution discrete degree among the combined slope units according to the area data of the combined slope units;
wherein the standard deviation σ n The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
where m represents the number of ramp units after merging,denotes the average area, x, of each merged ramp cell j Representing the area of the jth merged slope unit;
wherein the coefficient of variation c v The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
s104, realizing numerical balance among the evaluation indexes based on a quantile algorithm, continuously encrypting quantile points to optimize the value range of the minimum combined area parameter to obtain an optimal interval of the minimum combined area parameter;
in a specific implementation manner of step S104, implementing numerical balance among the plurality of evaluation indexes based on a quantile algorithm, and continuously encrypting the quantile points to optimize the value range of the minimum combined area parameter to obtain an optimal interval of the minimum combined area parameter, including:
s1041, keeping the minimum dividing area parameter constant, gradually increasing the threshold value of the minimum merging parameter, and detecting the standard deviation sigma n And the coefficient of variation c v A change in the value of (c);
step S1042. when the standard deviation sigma is detected n After a certain numerical value is increased sharply, the encryption of a quantile point is carried out in an adjacent numerical value interval of the numerical value by adopting a quantile algorithm;
s1043, calculating a slope unit area value corresponding to each encryption quantile point, and taking each slope unit area value as a minimum combination parameter in sequence to perform repartitioning of the combined slope units in a sample area;
step S1044. ensuring the standard deviation sigma n Is at a threshold amplitude such that the coefficient of variation c v Taking the minimum value to realize the standard deviation sigma n And coefficient of variation c v The numerical value is balanced;
and S1045, continuously encrypting the fractional number points under a numerical value equilibrium state to obtain the optimal interval [ a, b ] of the minimum merging parameter.
And S105, carrying out scale constraint on the division results of the combined slope units according to the optimal interval to obtain the optimal division result of the sample area slope units.
In a specific implementation manner of step S105, performing scale constraint on the division result of the multiple combined slope units according to the optimal interval, including:
and carrying out scale constraint on the division results of the combined slope units according to the fractional value data [ position ([ a, b ]) ] corresponding to the optimal interval [ a, b ].
Based on the above disclosure, in the embodiment, the sample area is automatically divided into the slope units initially by using a hydrological analysis method based on the minimum division area parameter, then the minimum combination area parameter is optimized based on the historical geological disaster area distribution, finally, the scale constraint is performed on the combined automatic slope unit division result by using the optimal interval of the minimum combination area parameter, and the fragmentary units are automatically combined, so that the fitted ridge line and the valley line are automatically extracted from the DEM data, the slope units conforming to the actual landform are generated, the subsequent complicated manual modification work is not needed, and the efficiency of the slope unit division is improved on the premise of ensuring the accuracy of the slope unit division.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A slope unit dividing method based on the scale of historical geological disasters is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring forward and reverse DEM data of a sample area, and extracting a plurality of initial dividing slope units from the forward and reverse DEM data by adopting a hydrological analysis method based on a preset minimum dividing area parameter;
acquiring vector data of the scale of the historical geological disaster in the sample area, counting the distribution of the vector data, calculating by using a quantile algorithm to obtain each quantile value, and taking each quantile value as a minimum combination area parameter respectively so as to combine the fragmentary units of the plurality of initially divided slope units to obtain a plurality of combined slope units;
calculating a plurality of evaluation indexes for measuring the area distribution discrete degree among the combined slope units according to the area data of the combined slope units;
realizing numerical value balance among the evaluation indexes based on a quantile algorithm, continuously encrypting quantile points to optimize the value range of the minimum combined area parameter to obtain an optimal interval of the minimum combined area parameter;
and according to the optimal interval, carrying out scale constraint on the division results of the combined slope units to obtain the optimal division result of the sample area slope units.
2. The slope unit dividing method based on the scale of the historical geological disaster according to claim 1, wherein the steps of obtaining vector data of the scale of the historical geological disaster in the sample area, counting the distribution of the vector data, and calculating by using a quantile algorithm to obtain each quantile value comprise:
acquiring vector area data of the scale of the historical geological disaster in the sample area, and counting the area distribution of the vector area data;
according to the area distribution, each quantile numerical value is calculated by using a quantile algorithm, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein Q is i Denotes the ith quantile in the area distribution, i ═ 1, 2., (k-1), k denotes the number of p quantiles in the area distribution; position (Q) i ) Position (Q) representing the position of p quantile i ) 1+ (n-1) × p, n representing the number of area data and p representing the probability of quantile;representing the area data at the rounded position of the p quantile,area data, figure (Q) representing the p quantile rounding the next bit position i ) A quantile value representing the position of the p quantile.
3. The slope unit dividing method based on the scale of the historical geological disasters according to claim 1, wherein the step of taking each quantile value as a minimum combined area parameter to combine the plurality of initially divided slope units in a fragmentary unit to obtain a plurality of combined slope units comprises the following steps:
s1, taking each fractional numerical value as a minimum merging area parameter, merging a certain fragmentary unit with an area smaller than or equal to a certain minimum merging area parameter into an adjacent initial dividing slope unit, and deleting the longest boundary between the fragmentary unit and the adjacent initial dividing slope unit;
s2, when a certain fragmentary unit with the area smaller than or equal to a certain minimum merging area parameter does not have an adjacent initial divided slope unit, deleting all boundaries of the fragmentary unit, and taking the fragmentary unit as an independent merged slope unit;
and repeating the steps S1-S2 until all the fragmentary units are combined to obtain a plurality of combined slope units.
4. The slope unit dividing method based on the scale of the historical geological disaster as claimed in claim 1, wherein calculating a plurality of evaluation indexes for measuring the dispersion degree of the area distribution among the plurality of merged slope units according to the area data of the plurality of merged slope units comprises:
calculating a standard deviation and a variation coefficient for measuring the area distribution discrete degree among the combined slope units according to the area data of the combined slope units;
wherein the standard deviation σ n The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
where m represents the number of ramp units after merging,denotes the average area, x, of each merged ramp cell j Showing the area of the jth merged slope unit;
wherein the coefficient of variation c v The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
5. the slope unit dividing method based on the scale of the historical geological disaster as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step of implementing the numerical balance among the plurality of evaluation indexes based on a quantile algorithm, continuously encrypting quantile points to optimize the value range of the minimum combined area parameter to obtain the optimal interval of the minimum combined area parameter comprises the steps of:
keeping the minimum division area parameter constant, gradually increasing the threshold of the minimum combination area parameter, and detecting the standard deviation sigma n And the coefficient of variation c v A change in the value of (c);
when the standard deviation sigma is detected n After a certain numerical value is increased sharply, the encryption of a quantile point is carried out in an adjacent numerical value interval of the numerical value by adopting a quantile algorithm;
calculating a slope unit area value corresponding to each encryption quantile point, and sequentially taking each slope unit area value as a minimum combination area parameter to perform repartitioning on a plurality of combined slope units in a sample area;
at the time of ensuring the standard deviation sigma n Is at a threshold amplitude such that the coefficient of variation c v Taking the minimum value to realize the standard deviation sigma n And coefficient of variation c v The numerical balance among the steps;
and continuously encrypting the fractional bit points under the numerical value balance state to obtain the optimal intervals [ a, b ] of the minimum merging area parameter.
6. The slope unit dividing method based on the scale of the historical geological disasters according to claim 5, wherein the scale constraint is performed on the dividing results of the combined slope units according to the optimal interval, and the method comprises the following steps:
and carrying out scale constraint on the division results of the combined slope units according to the fractional value data [ position ([ a, b ]) ] corresponding to the optimal interval [ a, b ].
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