CN114323939A - Comprehensive experiment device for static and dynamic pulling and shearing of anchor rod - Google Patents
Comprehensive experiment device for static and dynamic pulling and shearing of anchor rod Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An anchor rod static and dynamic pulling and shearing comprehensive experiment device comprises a base, a static stretching execution mechanism, a static shearing execution mechanism, a dynamic pulling and shearing execution mechanism and a shearing box mechanism; the static stretching actuating mechanism, the static shearing actuating mechanism and the dynamic pulling and shearing actuating mechanism are arranged on the base, the shearing box mechanism is arranged on the static stretching actuating mechanism, and the static stretching actuating mechanism, the static shearing actuating mechanism, the dynamic pulling and shearing actuating mechanism and the shearing box mechanism are distributed on the same straight line. The anchor rod static and dynamic pulling and shearing comprehensive experiment device can complete an anchor rod static stretching experiment, an anchor rod static shearing experiment, an anchor rod dynamic stretching experiment, an anchor rod dynamic shearing experiment, an anchor rod static shearing experiment in a tensile stress state and an anchor rod dynamic shearing experiment in a tensile stress state in the same equipment, realizes multiple purposes by one machine, can meet the test of anchor rod comprehensive performance indexes only through one equipment, and effectively saves equipment purchasing cost and experiment cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of anchor rod pulling and shearing experiments, and particularly relates to an anchor rod static and dynamic pulling and shearing comprehensive experiment device.
Background
With the gradual depletion of shallow mineral resources, the exploitation of deep mineral deposits is an inevitable development trend of future mining, but in a deep high-stress and strong-disturbance environment, the excavation unloading can cause the strain energy accumulated in a deep rock body to be suddenly released, so that disasters such as rock burst, roof fall or large deformation of surrounding rocks are induced, and casualties and equipment damage are caused.
The anti-explosion support is an effective means for preventing deep rock from being exploded and damaged, and many mining anchor rods adopt the plastic deformation of steel to achieve the energy absorption effect. However, when rock burst failure occurs, in addition to a large amount of volume expansion, large shear deformation occurs, and when the tensile stress of the anchor rod exceeds the yield strength of steel, the shear resistance is reduced, and if the anchor rod in the support system loses the shear resistance, the rock burst support system is no longer effective. Therefore, the rock burst support system must have high tensile failure resistance and sufficient shear failure resistance to effectively prevent rock burst failure.
In recent years, although some energy-absorbing and anti-explosion anchor rods appear on the market, the energy-absorbing indexes of the energy-absorbing and anti-explosion anchor rods are based on the tensile property of materials and lack the shear resistance indexes. At present, can carry out the device of the static tensile test of stock alone on the market, can test the device of stock tensile or shearing performance alone, the device that can carry out the static shear test of stock alone is many, but can carry out the device of static and dynamic shear test under the pulling force effect still is in the blank, and the general function singleness of current relevant experimental apparatus, in order to obtain the comprehensive properties index of stock, need just can realize through the experimental apparatus of many different functions, cause the increase of equipment purchase cost and experimental cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an anchor rod static and dynamic pulling and shearing comprehensive experiment device which can complete an anchor rod static stretching experiment, an anchor rod static shearing experiment, an anchor rod dynamic stretching experiment, an anchor rod dynamic shearing experiment, an anchor rod static shearing experiment in a tensile stress state and an anchor rod dynamic shearing experiment in a tensile stress state in the same equipment, realize multiple purposes by one machine, meet the test of anchor rod comprehensive performance indexes only through one equipment and effectively save equipment purchase cost and experiment cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an anchor rod static and dynamic pulling and shearing comprehensive experiment device comprises a base, a static stretching execution mechanism, a static shearing execution mechanism, a dynamic pulling and shearing execution mechanism and a shearing box mechanism; the static stretching actuating mechanism, the static shearing actuating mechanism and the dynamic shearing actuating mechanism are arranged on the base, the shearing box mechanism is arranged on the static stretching actuating mechanism, and the static stretching actuating mechanism, the static shearing actuating mechanism, the dynamic shearing actuating mechanism and the shearing box mechanism are distributed on the same straight line.
The static stretching executing mechanism comprises a static stretching frame, a static stretching actuator, a static stretching load sensor and a static stretching clamp; the static stretching frame adopts a rectangular structure; a static stretching frame sliding guide rail is horizontally arranged on the upper surface of the base and adopts a parallel double-rail structure; the static stretching frame is arranged on the static stretching frame sliding guide rail, and the static stretching frame has linear movement freedom degree on the static stretching frame sliding guide rail; the static stretching actuator is horizontally and fixedly arranged on the static stretching frame, and a piston rod of the static stretching actuator is parallel to the sliding guide rail of the static stretching frame; a piston rod of the static stretching actuator extends to the inner side of the static stretching frame, and the static stretching load sensor is coaxially and fixedly arranged at the end part of the piston rod of the static stretching actuator; the static tensile clamp is coaxially arranged on the static tensile load sensor; the shearing box mechanism is arranged in the middle of the inner side of the static stretching frame and is opposite to the static stretching clamp; the shearing box mechanism comprises a lower half shearing box, an upper half shearing box and a displacement sensor; the lower half shearing box is fixedly installed on the static stretching frame, the upper half shearing box is positioned above the lower half shearing box, and the displacement sensor is connected between the lower half shearing box and the upper half shearing box.
The static shearing executing mechanism comprises a static shearing frame, a static shearing actuator and a static shearing load sensor; the static shearing frame adopts a gantry structure, is vertically and fixedly arranged on the base, and is arranged above the sliding guide rail of the static stretching frame in a spanning manner; the static shearing actuator is vertically and fixedly arranged on a cross beam of the static shearing frame, and a piston rod of the static shearing actuator vertically extends to the inner side of the static shearing frame; and the static shear load sensor is coaxially and fixedly arranged at the end part of a piston rod of the static shear actuator.
The dynamic tension-shear executing mechanism comprises a dynamic tension-shear frame, an electromagnet, a counterweight iron block, a dynamic tension-shear load sensor, a dynamic tension clamp and a hoisting steel cable; the dynamic pulling and shearing frame adopts a gantry structure, is vertically and fixedly arranged on the base, and is arranged above the sliding guide rail of the static stretching frame in a spanning manner; the electromagnet is fixedly hoisted below a cross beam of the dynamic tension-shear frame, and an anchor rod passing hole is formed in the center of the electromagnet; the counterweight iron block is positioned below the electromagnet, the counterweight iron block is in magnetic attraction fit with the electromagnet, and an anchor rod through hole is also formed in the center of the counterweight iron block; the dynamic tension-shear load sensor is positioned below the counterweight iron block, and an anchor rod passing hole is also formed in the center of the dynamic tension-shear load sensor; the dynamic stretching clamp is coaxially arranged on the dynamic tension-shear load sensor; the hoisting steel cable is connected to the top end of the counterweight iron block; a counterweight iron block guide slide rail is vertically arranged on an upright post of the dynamic pull-shear frame, the counterweight iron block guide slide rail adopts a parallel double-rail structure, and the counterweight iron block has vertical movement freedom along the counterweight iron block guide slide rail; and a counterweight buffer block is arranged at the bottom of the counterweight iron block guide slide rail.
When the anchor rod static tension test is carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the anchor rod for testing penetrates through the shearing box mechanism, the shearing box mechanism is not started, and the anchor rod is not in contact with the lower half shearing box and the upper half shearing box;
step two: one end of an anchor rod is fixed on the static stretching frame through a lockset, and the other end of the anchor rod is clamped and fixed by a static stretching clamp;
step three: and starting the static stretching actuator, controlling a piston rod of the static stretching actuator to retract at the speed of 0.1mm/min, applying a static stretching load to the anchor rod, synchronously acquiring load data and anchor rod deformation data until the anchor rod is broken, storing experimental data, and finishing the experiment.
When the anchor rod static shear test is carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: enabling the anchor rod for testing to penetrate through the shearing box mechanism, and starting the shearing box mechanism to enable the anchor rod to be in full contact with the lower half shearing box and the upper half shearing box;
step two: one end of an anchor rod is fixed on the static stretching frame through a lockset, and the other end of the anchor rod is clamped and fixed by a static stretching clamp;
step three: moving the static stretching frame along the static stretching frame sliding guide rail, and synchronously moving the anchor rod and the shearing box mechanism along with the static stretching frame until the upper half shearing box is positioned right below the static shearing actuator and the static shearing load sensor, and then locking the static stretching frame on the base;
step four: starting a static shearing actuator, firstly controlling a piston rod of the static shearing actuator to stretch out at the speed of 100mm/min, until a static shearing load sensor and an upper half shearing box below are abutted to contact together, then controlling the piston rod of the static shearing actuator to stretch out at the speed of 0.1mm/min, applying a vertical load to the upper half shearing box, further applying a static shearing load to an anchor rod through the upper half shearing box and the lower half shearing box, synchronously acquiring load data and anchor rod deformation data, until the anchor rod is broken, storing experimental data, and finishing the experiment.
When the anchor rod dynamic tension experiment is carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: vertically inserting a tested anchor rod into a top cross beam of the dynamic tension-shear frame, enabling the anchor rod to sequentially pass through an electromagnet, a counterweight iron block and an anchor rod passing hole in the center of the dynamic tension-shear load sensor, fixing the upper end of the anchor rod on the dynamic tension-shear frame through a lockset, and clamping and fixing a dynamic tension clamp at the lower end of the anchor rod;
step two: connecting a lifting steel cable and a counterweight iron block together, lifting the counterweight iron block upwards through the lifting steel cable, and moving the counterweight iron block along a guide slide rail of the counterweight iron block in the lifting process until the counterweight iron block is abutted against and contacted with an electromagnet above the counterweight iron block;
step three: starting the electromagnet, adsorbing and fixing the counterweight iron block on the electromagnet under the action of electromagnetic attraction, and then releasing the connection between the hoisting steel cable and the counterweight iron block;
step four: controlling the electromagnet to be powered off, relieving the electromagnetic attraction, enabling the counterweight iron block to quickly fall down along the counterweight iron block guide slide rail under the action of gravity until the counterweight iron block collides with a dynamic tension-shear load sensor below, transmitting the impact force to the anchor rod through the dynamic tension-shear load sensor and the dynamic tension fixture in sequence, applying dynamic tension load to the anchor rod through the impact force, and synchronously acquiring load data and anchor rod deformation data;
step five: and repeating the second step to the fourth step until the anchor rod is fractured, and after the anchor rod is fractured, the counterweight iron block can drive the fractured lower half section of the anchor rod, the dynamic tension-shear load sensor and the dynamic tension clamp to continue dropping until the counterweight iron block impacts the counterweight buffer block, so that the experimental data are stored, and the experiment is finished.
When the anchor rod dynamic shearing experiment is carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: enabling the anchor rod for testing to penetrate through the shearing box mechanism, and starting the shearing box mechanism to enable the anchor rod to be in full contact with the lower half shearing box and the upper half shearing box;
step two: one end of an anchor rod is fixed on the static stretching frame through a lockset, and the other end of the anchor rod is clamped and fixed by a static stretching clamp;
step three: connecting a lifting steel cable and a counterweight iron block together, lifting the counterweight iron block upwards through the lifting steel cable, and moving the counterweight iron block along a guide slide rail of the counterweight iron block in the lifting process until the counterweight iron block is abutted against and contacted with an electromagnet above the counterweight iron block;
step four: starting the electromagnet, adsorbing and fixing the counterweight iron block on the electromagnet under the action of electromagnetic attraction, and then releasing the connection between the hoisting steel cable and the counterweight iron block;
step five: moving the static stretching frame along the static stretching frame sliding guide rail, and synchronously moving the anchor rod and the shearing box mechanism along with the static stretching frame until the upper half shearing box is positioned under the counterweight iron block, and then locking the static stretching frame to the base;
step six: controlling the electromagnet to be powered off, relieving the electromagnetic attraction, enabling the counterweight iron block to quickly fall down along the counterweight iron block guide slide rail under the action of gravity until the counterweight iron block impacts the upper half shearing box below, applying dynamic shearing load to the anchor rod through the upper half shearing box and the lower half shearing box by the impact force, and synchronously acquiring load data and anchor rod deformation data;
step seven: and repeating the third step, the fourth step and the sixth step until the anchor rod is fractured, and after the anchor rod is fractured, the counterweight iron block can take the fractured front half section anchor rod and the upper half shearing box to continuously drop until the counterweight iron block impacts the counterweight buffer block, storing experimental data, and finishing the experiment.
When a static shearing experiment under a tensile stress state is carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: enabling the anchor rod for testing to penetrate through the shearing box mechanism, and starting the shearing box mechanism to enable the anchor rod to be in full contact with the lower half shearing box and the upper half shearing box;
step two: one end of an anchor rod is fixed on the static stretching frame through a lockset, and the other end of the anchor rod is clamped and fixed by a static stretching clamp;
step three: moving the static stretching frame along the static stretching frame sliding guide rail, and synchronously moving the anchor rod and the shearing box mechanism along with the static stretching frame until the upper half shearing box is positioned right below the static shearing actuator and the static shearing load sensor, and then locking the static stretching frame on the base;
step four: starting the static stretching actuator, controlling a piston rod of the static stretching actuator to retract at the speed of 1kN/s, and applying tensile stress to the anchor rod;
step five: starting a static shear actuator, firstly controlling a piston rod of the static shear actuator to stretch out at a speed of 100mm/min, until a static shear load sensor and an upper half shear box below are abutted to contact together, then controlling the piston rod of the static shear actuator to stretch out at a speed of 0.1mm/min, applying a vertical load to the upper half shear box, further applying a static shear load to an anchor rod in a tensile stress state through the upper half shear box and the lower half shear box, synchronously acquiring load data and anchor rod deformation data, until the anchor rod is broken, storing experimental data, and finishing an experiment.
When a dynamic shearing experiment under a tensile stress state is carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: enabling the anchor rod for testing to penetrate through the shearing box mechanism, and starting the shearing box mechanism to enable the anchor rod to be in full contact with the lower half shearing box and the upper half shearing box;
step two: one end of an anchor rod is fixed on the static stretching frame through a lockset, and the other end of the anchor rod is clamped and fixed by a static stretching clamp;
step three: connecting a lifting steel cable and a counterweight iron block together, lifting the counterweight iron block upwards through the lifting steel cable, and moving the counterweight iron block along a guide slide rail of the counterweight iron block in the lifting process until the counterweight iron block is abutted against and contacted with an electromagnet above the counterweight iron block;
step four: starting the electromagnet, adsorbing and fixing the counterweight iron block on the electromagnet under the action of electromagnetic attraction, and then releasing the connection between the hoisting steel cable and the counterweight iron block;
step five: moving the static stretching frame along the static stretching frame sliding guide rail, and synchronously moving the anchor rod and the shearing box mechanism along with the static stretching frame until the upper half shearing box is positioned under the counterweight iron block, and then locking the static stretching frame to the base;
step six: starting the static stretching actuator, controlling a piston rod of the static stretching actuator to retract at the speed of 1kN/s, and applying tensile stress to the anchor rod;
step seven: controlling the electromagnet to be powered off, relieving the electromagnetic attraction, enabling the counterweight iron block to quickly fall down along the counterweight iron block guide slide rail under the action of gravity until the counterweight iron block impacts the upper half shearing box below, applying dynamic shearing load to the anchor rod in a tensile stress state through the upper half shearing box and the lower half shearing box by the impact force, and synchronously acquiring load data and anchor rod deformation data;
step eight: and repeating the third step, the fourth step and the seventh step until the anchor rod is fractured, and after the anchor rod is fractured, the counterweight iron block can take the fractured front half section anchor rod and the upper half shearing box to continuously drop until the counterweight iron block impacts the counterweight buffer block, so that the experimental data are stored, and the experiment is finished.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the anchor rod static and dynamic pulling and shearing comprehensive experiment device can complete an anchor rod static stretching experiment, an anchor rod static shearing experiment, an anchor rod dynamic stretching experiment, an anchor rod dynamic shearing experiment, an anchor rod static shearing experiment in a tensile stress state and an anchor rod dynamic shearing experiment in a tensile stress state in the same equipment, realizes multiple purposes by one machine, can meet the test of anchor rod comprehensive performance indexes only through one equipment, and effectively saves equipment purchasing cost and experiment cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an anchor rod static and dynamic pulling and shearing comprehensive experimental device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of an anchor rod static and dynamic pulling and shearing comprehensive experimental device of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the anchor rod static and dynamic tension-shear comprehensive experimental device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the shear box mechanism of the present invention;
in the figure, 1-base, 2-static stretching frame, 3-static stretching actuator, 4-static stretching load sensor, 5-static stretching clamp, 6-static stretching frame sliding guide rail, 7-lower half shearing box, 8-upper half shearing box, 9-displacement sensor, 10-static shearing frame, 11-static shearing actuator, 12-static shearing load sensor, 13-dynamic pulling and shearing frame, 14-electromagnet, 15-counterweight iron block, 16-dynamic pulling and shearing load sensor, 17-dynamic stretching clamp, 18-lifting steel cable, 19-counterweight iron block guide slide rail, 20-counterweight buffer block, 21-anchor rod.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, an anchor rod static and dynamic pulling and shearing comprehensive experiment device comprises a base 1, a static stretching execution mechanism, a static shearing execution mechanism, a dynamic pulling and shearing execution mechanism and a shearing box mechanism; the static stretching actuating mechanism, the static shearing actuating mechanism and the dynamic shearing pulling actuating mechanism are arranged on the base 1, the shearing box mechanism is arranged on the static stretching actuating mechanism, and the static stretching actuating mechanism, the static shearing actuating mechanism, the dynamic shearing pulling actuating mechanism and the shearing box mechanism are distributed on the same straight line.
The static stretching executing mechanism comprises a static stretching frame 2, a static stretching actuator 3, a static stretching load sensor 4 and a static stretching clamp 5; the static stretching frame 2 adopts a rectangular structure; a static stretching frame sliding guide rail 6 is horizontally arranged on the upper surface of the base 1, and the static stretching frame sliding guide rail 6 adopts a parallel double-rail structure; the static stretching frame 2 is arranged on the static stretching frame sliding guide rail 6, and the static stretching frame 2 has a linear movement degree of freedom on the static stretching frame sliding guide rail 6; the static stretching actuator 3 is horizontally and fixedly arranged on the static stretching frame 2, and a piston rod of the static stretching actuator 3 is parallel to the static stretching frame sliding guide rail 6; the piston rod of the static stretching actuator 3 extends to the inner side of the static stretching frame 2, and the static stretching load sensor 4 is coaxially and fixedly arranged at the end part of the piston rod of the static stretching actuator 3; the static tensile clamp 5 is coaxially arranged on the static tensile load sensor 4; the shearing box mechanism is arranged in the middle of the inner side of the static stretching frame 2 and is opposite to the static stretching clamp 5; the shearing box mechanism comprises a lower half shearing box 7, an upper half shearing box 8 and a displacement sensor 9; the lower half shearing box 7 is fixedly installed on the static stretching frame 2, the upper half shearing box 8 is located above the lower half shearing box 7, and the displacement sensor 9 is connected between the lower half shearing box 7 and the upper half shearing box 8.
The static shearing executing mechanism comprises a static shearing frame 10, a static shearing actuator 11 and a static shearing load sensor 12; the static shear frame 10 adopts a gantry structure, the static shear frame 10 is vertically and fixedly arranged on the base 1, and the static shear frame 10 is arranged above the static stretching frame sliding guide rail 6 in a spanning mode; the static shear actuator 11 is vertically and fixedly arranged on a cross beam of the static shear frame 10, and a piston rod of the static shear actuator 11 vertically extends to the inner side of the static shear frame 10 in an oriented manner; the static shear load sensor 12 is coaxially and fixedly arranged at the end part of a piston rod of the static shear actuator 11.
The dynamic tension-shear actuating mechanism comprises a dynamic tension-shear frame 13, an electromagnet 14, a counterweight iron block 15, a dynamic tension-shear load sensor 16, a dynamic tension clamp 17 and a hoisting steel cable 18; the dynamic pull-shear frame 13 adopts a gantry structure, the dynamic pull-shear frame 13 is vertically and fixedly arranged on the base 1, and the dynamic pull-shear frame 13 is arranged above the static stretching frame sliding guide rail 6 in a spanning manner; the electromagnet 14 is fixedly hoisted below a cross beam of the dynamic tension-shear frame 13, and an anchor rod passing hole is formed in the center of the electromagnet 14; the counterweight iron block 15 is positioned below the electromagnet 14, the counterweight iron block 15 is in magnetic attraction fit with the electromagnet 14, and an anchor rod passing hole is also formed in the center of the counterweight iron block 15; the dynamic tension-shear load sensor 16 is positioned below the counterweight iron block 15, and an anchor rod passing hole is also formed in the center of the dynamic tension-shear load sensor 16; the dynamic stretching clamp 17 is coaxially arranged on the dynamic tension-shear load sensor 16; the hoisting steel cable 18 is connected to the top end of the counterweight iron block 15; a counterweight iron block guide slide rail 19 is vertically arranged on an upright post of the dynamic pull-shear frame 13, the counterweight iron block guide slide rail 19 adopts a parallel double-rail structure, and the counterweight iron block 15 has vertical movement freedom along the counterweight iron block guide slide rail 19; and a counterweight buffer block 20 is arranged at the bottom of the counterweight iron block guide slide rail 19.
When the anchor rod static tension test is carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the anchor rod 21 for testing penetrates through the shear box mechanism, the shear box mechanism is not started, and the anchor rod 21 is not in contact with the lower half shear box 7 and the upper half shear box 8;
step two: one end of an anchor rod 21 is fixed on the static stretching frame 2 through a lockset, and the other end of the anchor rod 21 is clamped and fixed by a static stretching clamp 5;
step three: and starting the static stretching actuator 3, controlling the piston rod of the static stretching actuator 3 to retract at the speed of 0.1mm/min, applying a static stretching load to the anchor rod 21, synchronously acquiring load data and anchor rod deformation data until the anchor rod 21 is broken, storing experimental data and finishing the experiment.
When the anchor rod static shear test is carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the anchor rod 21 for testing penetrates through the shear box mechanism, and the shear box mechanism is started to enable the anchor rod 21 to be in full contact with the lower half shear box 7 and the upper half shear box 8;
step two: one end of an anchor rod 21 is fixed on the static stretching frame 2 through a lockset, and the other end of the anchor rod 21 is clamped and fixed by a static stretching clamp 5;
step three: moving the static stretching frame 2 along the static stretching frame sliding guide rail 6, and synchronously moving the anchor rod 21 and the shearing box mechanism along with the static stretching frame 2 until the upper half shearing box 8 is positioned right below the static shearing actuator 11 and the static shearing load sensor 12, and then locking the static stretching frame 2 to the base 1;
step four: the static shear actuator 11 is started, a piston rod of the static shear actuator 11 is firstly controlled to stretch out at a speed of 100mm/min until the static shear load sensor 12 abuts against and contacts with the upper half shear box 8 below, then the piston rod of the static shear actuator 11 is controlled to stretch out at a speed of 0.1mm/min, vertical load is applied to the upper half shear box 8, then static shear load is applied to the anchor rod 21 through the upper half shear box 8 and the lower half shear box 7, load data and anchor rod deformation data are synchronously collected until the anchor rod 21 is broken, experimental data are saved, and the experiment is finished.
When the anchor rod dynamic tension experiment is carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: vertically inserting a tested anchor rod 21 into a top cross beam of the dynamic tension-shear frame 13, enabling the anchor rod 21 to sequentially pass through an anchor rod passing hole in the center of the electromagnet 14, the counterweight iron block 15 and the dynamic tension-shear load sensor 16, fixing the upper end of the anchor rod 21 on the dynamic tension-shear frame 13 through a lock, and clamping and fixing the dynamic tension clamp 17 at the lower end of the anchor rod 21;
step two: connecting a lifting steel cable 18 with the counterweight iron block 15, lifting the counterweight iron block 15 upwards through the lifting steel cable 18, and moving the counterweight iron block 15 along a counterweight iron block guide slide rail 19 in the lifting process until the counterweight iron block 15 is abutted and contacted with the electromagnet 14 above;
step three: starting the electromagnet 14, adsorbing and fixing the counterweight iron block 15 on the electromagnet 14 under the action of electromagnetic attraction, and then releasing the connection between the hoisting steel cable 18 and the counterweight iron block 15;
step four: controlling the electromagnet 14 to be powered off, relieving the electromagnetic suction force, enabling the counterweight iron block 15 to rapidly fall down along the counterweight iron block guide slide rail 19 under the action of gravity until the counterweight iron block collides with the dynamic tension-shear load sensor 16 below, transmitting the impact force to the anchor rod 21 through the dynamic tension-shear load sensor 16 and the dynamic tension clamp 17 in sequence, applying dynamic tension load to the anchor rod 21 through the impact force, and synchronously acquiring load data and anchor rod deformation data;
step five: and repeating the second step to the fourth step until the anchor rod 21 is broken, and after the anchor rod 21 is broken, the counterweight iron block 15 can take the broken lower half section of the anchor rod 21, the dynamic tension-shear load sensor 16 and the dynamic tension clamp 17 to continuously drop until the counterweight iron block 15 impacts the counterweight buffer block 20, so that the experimental data are stored, and the experiment is finished.
When the anchor rod dynamic shearing experiment is carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the anchor rod 21 for testing penetrates through the shear box mechanism, and the shear box mechanism is started to enable the anchor rod 21 to be in full contact with the lower half shear box 7 and the upper half shear box 8;
step two: one end of an anchor rod 21 is fixed on the static stretching frame 2 through a lockset, and the other end of the anchor rod 21 is clamped and fixed by a static stretching clamp 5;
step three: connecting a lifting steel cable 18 with the counterweight iron block 15, lifting the counterweight iron block 15 upwards through the lifting steel cable 18, and moving the counterweight iron block 15 along a counterweight iron block guide slide rail 19 in the lifting process until the counterweight iron block 15 is abutted and contacted with the electromagnet 14 above;
step four: starting the electromagnet 14, adsorbing and fixing the counterweight iron block 15 on the electromagnet 14 under the action of electromagnetic attraction, and then releasing the connection between the hoisting steel cable 18 and the counterweight iron block 15;
step five: moving the static stretching frame 2 along the static stretching frame sliding guide rail 6, and synchronously moving the anchor rod 21 and the shearing box mechanism along with the static stretching frame 2 until the upper half shearing box 8 is positioned under the counterweight iron block 15, and then locking the static stretching frame 2 to the base 1;
step six: controlling the electromagnet 14 to be powered off, relieving the electromagnetic attraction, enabling the counterweight iron block 15 to quickly fall down along the counterweight iron block guide slide rail 19 under the action of gravity until the counterweight iron block strikes the upper half shearing box 8 below, applying dynamic shearing load to the anchor rod 21 through the upper half shearing box 8 and the lower half shearing box 7 by the aid of the striking force, and synchronously acquiring load data and anchor rod deformation data;
step seven: and repeating the third step, the fourth step and the sixth step until the anchor rod 21 is fractured, and after the anchor rod 21 is fractured, the counterweight iron block 15 can take the fractured front half section anchor rod 21 and the upper half shearing box 8 to continuously drop until the counterweight iron block 15 impacts the counterweight buffer block 20, so that the experimental data are stored, and the experiment is finished.
When a static shearing experiment under a tensile stress state is carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the anchor rod 21 for testing penetrates through the shear box mechanism, and the shear box mechanism is started to enable the anchor rod 21 to be in full contact with the lower half shear box 7 and the upper half shear box 8;
step two: one end of an anchor rod 21 is fixed on the static stretching frame 2 through a lockset, and the other end of the anchor rod 21 is clamped and fixed by a static stretching clamp 5;
step three: moving the static stretching frame 2 along the static stretching frame sliding guide rail 6, and synchronously moving the anchor rod 21 and the shearing box mechanism along with the static stretching frame 2 until the upper half shearing box 8 is positioned right below the static shearing actuator 11 and the static shearing load sensor 12, and then locking the static stretching frame 2 to the base 1;
step four: starting the static stretching actuator 3, controlling a piston rod of the static stretching actuator 3 to retract at the speed of 1kN/s, and applying tensile stress to the anchor rod 21;
step five: the static shear actuator 11 is started, a piston rod of the static shear actuator 11 is firstly controlled to stretch out at a speed of 100mm/min until the static shear load sensor 12 abuts against and contacts with the upper half shear box 8 below, then the piston rod of the static shear actuator 11 is controlled to stretch out at a speed of 0.1mm/min, vertical load is applied to the upper half shear box 8, then the static shear load is applied to the anchor rod 21 in a tensile stress state through the upper half shear box 8 and the lower half shear box 7, load data and anchor rod deformation data are synchronously collected until the anchor rod 21 is broken, experimental data are saved, and the experiment is finished.
When a dynamic shearing experiment under a tensile stress state is carried out, the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the anchor rod 21 for testing penetrates through the shear box mechanism, and the shear box mechanism is started to enable the anchor rod 21 to be in full contact with the lower half shear box 7 and the upper half shear box 8;
step two: one end of an anchor rod 21 is fixed on the static stretching frame 2 through a lockset, and the other end of the anchor rod 21 is clamped and fixed by a static stretching clamp 5;
step three: connecting a lifting steel cable 18 with the counterweight iron block 15, lifting the counterweight iron block 15 upwards through the lifting steel cable 18, and moving the counterweight iron block 15 along a counterweight iron block guide slide rail 19 in the lifting process until the counterweight iron block 15 is abutted and contacted with the electromagnet 14 above;
step four: starting the electromagnet 14, adsorbing and fixing the counterweight iron block 15 on the electromagnet 14 under the action of electromagnetic attraction, and then releasing the connection between the hoisting steel cable 18 and the counterweight iron block 15;
step five: moving the static stretching frame 2 along the static stretching frame sliding guide rail 6, and synchronously moving the anchor rod 21 and the shearing box mechanism along with the static stretching frame 2 until the upper half shearing box 8 is positioned under the counterweight iron block 15, and then locking the static stretching frame 2 to the base 1;
step six: starting the static stretching actuator 3, controlling a piston rod of the static stretching actuator 3 to retract at the speed of 1kN/s, and applying tensile stress to the anchor rod 21;
step seven: controlling the electromagnet 14 to be powered off, relieving the electromagnetic attraction, enabling the counterweight iron block 15 to quickly fall down along the counterweight iron block guide slide rail 19 under the action of gravity until the counterweight iron block strikes the upper half shearing box 8 below, applying dynamic shearing load to the anchor rod 21 in a tensile stress state through the upper half shearing box 8 and the lower half shearing box 7 by the aid of the striking force, and synchronously acquiring load data and anchor rod deformation data;
step eight: and repeating the third step, the fourth step and the seventh step until the anchor rod 21 is broken, and after the anchor rod 21 is broken, the counterweight iron block 15 can take the broken front half section anchor rod 21 and the upper half shearing box 8 to continuously drop until the counterweight iron block 15 impacts the counterweight buffer block 20, so that the experimental data are stored, and the experiment is finished.
In all the above experiments, the anchor rod 21 used for the test was made of left-hand finish-rolled deformed steel bar having a diameter of 22mm and a length of 2200 mm.
The embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent implementations or modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an anchor rod static and dynamic is drawn and is cut comprehensive experiment device which characterized in that: the device comprises a base, a static stretching executing mechanism, a static shearing executing mechanism, a dynamic shearing executing mechanism and a shearing box mechanism; the static stretching actuating mechanism, the static shearing actuating mechanism and the dynamic shearing actuating mechanism are arranged on the base, the shearing box mechanism is arranged on the static stretching actuating mechanism, and the static stretching actuating mechanism, the static shearing actuating mechanism, the dynamic shearing actuating mechanism and the shearing box mechanism are distributed on the same straight line.
2. The anchor rod static and dynamic pulling and shearing comprehensive experimental device of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the static stretching executing mechanism comprises a static stretching frame, a static stretching actuator, a static stretching load sensor and a static stretching clamp; the static stretching frame adopts a rectangular structure; a static stretching frame sliding guide rail is horizontally arranged on the upper surface of the base and adopts a parallel double-rail structure; the static stretching frame is arranged on the static stretching frame sliding guide rail, and the static stretching frame has linear movement freedom degree on the static stretching frame sliding guide rail; the static stretching actuator is horizontally and fixedly arranged on the static stretching frame, and a piston rod of the static stretching actuator is parallel to the sliding guide rail of the static stretching frame; a piston rod of the static stretching actuator extends to the inner side of the static stretching frame, and the static stretching load sensor is coaxially and fixedly arranged at the end part of the piston rod of the static stretching actuator; the static tensile clamp is coaxially arranged on the static tensile load sensor; the shearing box mechanism is arranged in the middle of the inner side of the static stretching frame and is opposite to the static stretching clamp; the shearing box mechanism comprises a lower half shearing box, an upper half shearing box and a displacement sensor; the lower half shearing box is fixedly installed on the static stretching frame, the upper half shearing box is positioned above the lower half shearing box, and the displacement sensor is connected between the lower half shearing box and the upper half shearing box.
3. The anchor rod static and dynamic pulling and shearing comprehensive experimental device of claim 2 is characterized in that: the static shearing executing mechanism comprises a static shearing frame, a static shearing actuator and a static shearing load sensor; the static shearing frame adopts a gantry structure, is vertically and fixedly arranged on the base, and is arranged above the sliding guide rail of the static stretching frame in a spanning manner; the static shearing actuator is vertically and fixedly arranged on a cross beam of the static shearing frame, and a piston rod of the static shearing actuator vertically extends to the inner side of the static shearing frame; and the static shear load sensor is coaxially and fixedly arranged at the end part of a piston rod of the static shear actuator.
4. The anchor rod static and dynamic pulling and shearing comprehensive experimental device according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the dynamic tension-shear executing mechanism comprises a dynamic tension-shear frame, an electromagnet, a counterweight iron block, a dynamic tension-shear load sensor, a dynamic tension clamp and a hoisting steel cable; the dynamic pulling and shearing frame adopts a gantry structure, is vertically and fixedly arranged on the base, and is arranged above the sliding guide rail of the static stretching frame in a spanning manner; the electromagnet is fixedly hoisted below a cross beam of the dynamic tension-shear frame, and an anchor rod passing hole is formed in the center of the electromagnet; the counterweight iron block is positioned below the electromagnet, the counterweight iron block is in magnetic attraction fit with the electromagnet, and an anchor rod through hole is also formed in the center of the counterweight iron block; the dynamic tension-shear load sensor is positioned below the counterweight iron block, and an anchor rod passing hole is also formed in the center of the dynamic tension-shear load sensor; the dynamic stretching clamp is coaxially arranged on the dynamic tension-shear load sensor; the hoisting steel cable is connected to the top end of the counterweight iron block; a counterweight iron block guide slide rail is vertically arranged on an upright post of the dynamic pull-shear frame, the counterweight iron block guide slide rail adopts a parallel double-rail structure, and the counterweight iron block has vertical movement freedom along the counterweight iron block guide slide rail; and a counterweight buffer block is arranged at the bottom of the counterweight iron block guide slide rail.
5. The anchor rod static and dynamic pulling and shearing comprehensive experimental device as claimed in claim 4, when an anchor rod static and tensile experiment is carried out, the device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the anchor rod for testing penetrates through the shearing box mechanism, the shearing box mechanism is not started, and the anchor rod is not in contact with the lower half shearing box and the upper half shearing box;
step two: one end of an anchor rod is fixed on the static stretching frame through a lockset, and the other end of the anchor rod is clamped and fixed by a static stretching clamp;
step three: and starting the static stretching actuator, controlling a piston rod of the static stretching actuator to retract at the speed of 0.1mm/min, applying a static stretching load to the anchor rod, synchronously acquiring load data and anchor rod deformation data until the anchor rod is broken, storing experimental data, and finishing the experiment.
6. The anchor rod static and dynamic pulling and shearing comprehensive experimental device as claimed in claim 4, when an anchor rod static shearing experiment is carried out, the anchor rod static and dynamic pulling and shearing comprehensive experimental device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: enabling the anchor rod for testing to penetrate through the shearing box mechanism, and starting the shearing box mechanism to enable the anchor rod to be in full contact with the lower half shearing box and the upper half shearing box;
step two: one end of an anchor rod is fixed on the static stretching frame through a lockset, and the other end of the anchor rod is clamped and fixed by a static stretching clamp;
step three: moving the static stretching frame along the static stretching frame sliding guide rail, and synchronously moving the anchor rod and the shearing box mechanism along with the static stretching frame until the upper half shearing box is positioned right below the static shearing actuator and the static shearing load sensor, and then locking the static stretching frame on the base;
step four: starting a static shearing actuator, firstly controlling a piston rod of the static shearing actuator to stretch out at the speed of 100mm/min, until a static shearing load sensor and an upper half shearing box below are abutted to contact together, then controlling the piston rod of the static shearing actuator to stretch out at the speed of 0.1mm/min, applying a vertical load to the upper half shearing box, further applying a static shearing load to an anchor rod through the upper half shearing box and the lower half shearing box, synchronously acquiring load data and anchor rod deformation data, until the anchor rod is broken, storing experimental data, and finishing the experiment.
7. The anchor rod static and dynamic pulling and shearing comprehensive experimental device as claimed in claim 4, when an anchor rod dynamic tension experiment is carried out, the device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: vertically inserting a tested anchor rod into a top cross beam of the dynamic tension-shear frame, enabling the anchor rod to sequentially pass through an electromagnet, a counterweight iron block and an anchor rod passing hole in the center of the dynamic tension-shear load sensor, fixing the upper end of the anchor rod on the dynamic tension-shear frame through a lockset, and clamping and fixing a dynamic tension clamp at the lower end of the anchor rod;
step two: connecting a lifting steel cable and a counterweight iron block together, lifting the counterweight iron block upwards through the lifting steel cable, and moving the counterweight iron block along a guide slide rail of the counterweight iron block in the lifting process until the counterweight iron block is abutted against and contacted with an electromagnet above the counterweight iron block;
step three: starting the electromagnet, adsorbing and fixing the counterweight iron block on the electromagnet under the action of electromagnetic attraction, and then releasing the connection between the hoisting steel cable and the counterweight iron block;
step four: controlling the electromagnet to be powered off, relieving the electromagnetic attraction, enabling the counterweight iron block to quickly fall down along the counterweight iron block guide slide rail under the action of gravity until the counterweight iron block collides with a dynamic tension-shear load sensor below, transmitting the impact force to the anchor rod through the dynamic tension-shear load sensor and the dynamic tension fixture in sequence, applying dynamic tension load to the anchor rod through the impact force, and synchronously acquiring load data and anchor rod deformation data;
step five: and repeating the second step to the fourth step until the anchor rod is fractured, and after the anchor rod is fractured, the counterweight iron block can drive the fractured lower half section of the anchor rod, the dynamic tension-shear load sensor and the dynamic tension clamp to continue dropping until the counterweight iron block impacts the counterweight buffer block, so that the experimental data are stored, and the experiment is finished.
8. The anchor rod static and dynamic pulling and shearing comprehensive experimental device as claimed in claim 4, when carrying out anchor rod dynamic shearing experiment, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: enabling the anchor rod for testing to penetrate through the shearing box mechanism, and starting the shearing box mechanism to enable the anchor rod to be in full contact with the lower half shearing box and the upper half shearing box;
step two: one end of an anchor rod is fixed on the static stretching frame through a lockset, and the other end of the anchor rod is clamped and fixed by a static stretching clamp;
step three: connecting a lifting steel cable and a counterweight iron block together, lifting the counterweight iron block upwards through the lifting steel cable, and moving the counterweight iron block along a guide slide rail of the counterweight iron block in the lifting process until the counterweight iron block is abutted against and contacted with an electromagnet above the counterweight iron block;
step four: starting the electromagnet, adsorbing and fixing the counterweight iron block on the electromagnet under the action of electromagnetic attraction, and then releasing the connection between the hoisting steel cable and the counterweight iron block;
step five: moving the static stretching frame along the static stretching frame sliding guide rail, and synchronously moving the anchor rod and the shearing box mechanism along with the static stretching frame until the upper half shearing box is positioned under the counterweight iron block, and then locking the static stretching frame to the base;
step six: controlling the electromagnet to be powered off, relieving the electromagnetic attraction, enabling the counterweight iron block to quickly fall down along the counterweight iron block guide slide rail under the action of gravity until the counterweight iron block impacts the upper half shearing box below, applying dynamic shearing load to the anchor rod through the upper half shearing box and the lower half shearing box by the impact force, and synchronously acquiring load data and anchor rod deformation data;
step seven: and repeating the third step, the fourth step and the sixth step until the anchor rod is fractured, and after the anchor rod is fractured, the counterweight iron block can take the fractured front half section anchor rod and the upper half shearing box to continuously drop until the counterweight iron block impacts the counterweight buffer block, storing experimental data, and finishing the experiment.
9. The anchor rod static and dynamic pulling and shearing comprehensive experiment device as claimed in claim 4, when a static shearing experiment in a tensile stress state is carried out, the device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: enabling the anchor rod for testing to penetrate through the shearing box mechanism, and starting the shearing box mechanism to enable the anchor rod to be in full contact with the lower half shearing box and the upper half shearing box;
step two: one end of an anchor rod is fixed on the static stretching frame through a lockset, and the other end of the anchor rod is clamped and fixed by a static stretching clamp;
step three: moving the static stretching frame along the static stretching frame sliding guide rail, and synchronously moving the anchor rod and the shearing box mechanism along with the static stretching frame until the upper half shearing box is positioned right below the static shearing actuator and the static shearing load sensor, and then locking the static stretching frame on the base;
step four: starting the static stretching actuator, controlling a piston rod of the static stretching actuator to retract at the speed of 1kN/s, and applying tensile stress to the anchor rod;
step five: starting a static shear actuator, firstly controlling a piston rod of the static shear actuator to stretch out at a speed of 100mm/min, until a static shear load sensor and an upper half shear box below are abutted to contact together, then controlling the piston rod of the static shear actuator to stretch out at a speed of 0.1mm/min, applying a vertical load to the upper half shear box, further applying a static shear load to an anchor rod in a tensile stress state through the upper half shear box and the lower half shear box, synchronously acquiring load data and anchor rod deformation data, until the anchor rod is broken, storing experimental data, and finishing an experiment.
10. The anchor rod static and dynamic pulling and shearing comprehensive experimental device as claimed in claim 4, when a dynamic shearing experiment in a tensile stress state is carried out, the device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: enabling the anchor rod for testing to penetrate through the shearing box mechanism, and starting the shearing box mechanism to enable the anchor rod to be in full contact with the lower half shearing box and the upper half shearing box;
step two: one end of an anchor rod is fixed on the static stretching frame through a lockset, and the other end of the anchor rod is clamped and fixed by a static stretching clamp;
step three: connecting a lifting steel cable and a counterweight iron block together, lifting the counterweight iron block upwards through the lifting steel cable, and moving the counterweight iron block along a guide slide rail of the counterweight iron block in the lifting process until the counterweight iron block is abutted against and contacted with an electromagnet above the counterweight iron block;
step four: starting the electromagnet, adsorbing and fixing the counterweight iron block on the electromagnet under the action of electromagnetic attraction, and then releasing the connection between the hoisting steel cable and the counterweight iron block;
step five: moving the static stretching frame along the static stretching frame sliding guide rail, and synchronously moving the anchor rod and the shearing box mechanism along with the static stretching frame until the upper half shearing box is positioned under the counterweight iron block, and then locking the static stretching frame to the base;
step six: starting the static stretching actuator, controlling a piston rod of the static stretching actuator to retract at the speed of 1kN/s, and applying tensile stress to the anchor rod;
step seven: controlling the electromagnet to be powered off, relieving the electromagnetic attraction, enabling the counterweight iron block to quickly fall down along the counterweight iron block guide slide rail under the action of gravity until the counterweight iron block impacts the upper half shearing box below, applying dynamic shearing load to the anchor rod in a tensile stress state through the upper half shearing box and the lower half shearing box by the impact force, and synchronously acquiring load data and anchor rod deformation data;
step eight: and repeating the third step, the fourth step and the seventh step until the anchor rod is fractured, and after the anchor rod is fractured, the counterweight iron block can take the fractured front half section anchor rod and the upper half shearing box to continuously drop until the counterweight iron block impacts the counterweight buffer block, so that the experimental data are stored, and the experiment is finished.
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