CN114322869A - Device and method for actively reducing abrasion of water-lubricated bearing - Google Patents
Device and method for actively reducing abrasion of water-lubricated bearing Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of water lubricated bearing friction, in particular to a device and a method for actively reducing the abrasion of a water lubricated bearing, wherein the lubrication state of the water lubricated bearing is judged by measuring the thickness of a water film between a stern shaft and the water lubricated bearing and further calculating the comprehensive roughness ratio of the thickness of the water film to the surface of a friction pair, if the ratio h/sigma is less than or equal to 4, the water lubricated bearing is in a mixed lubrication or boundary lubrication state, and at the moment, a bearing seat avoiding unit is utilized to push the water lubricated bearing to move leftwards or rightwards and far away from the stern shaft; the bearing seat avoiding unit is simple in structure and ingenious in conception, and has high driving force and precise positioning capacity; the defect that the existing water lubricated bearing can only be stopped for maintenance when being used for detecting abrasion is overcome, and the device has the advantages of online friction detection, abrasion prevention, online active friction pair separation, no need of stopping and the like, and can be applied to mechanical equipment such as ships, water pumps, water turbines and the like.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of water lubricated bearing friction, in particular to a device and a method for actively reducing the wear of a water lubricated bearing.
Background art:
the water lubricated bearing is a sliding bearing using water as a lubricating medium, and is commonly used for hydraulic machinery such as ships, water turbines and the like. In the case of ships, the water lubricated bearings are usually made of rubber, plastic and the like, and compared with the stern shaft made of metal, the water lubricated bearings are softer in hardness, so that the friction and the wear are serious. Particularly, under some special working conditions, such as sand particles in the lubricating water or the impact of ocean current on the stern shaft, the lubricating water film is broken under the special working conditions, and the bearing bush and the hard particles or the hard stern shaft are in direct frictional contact, so that the water-lubricated bearing is severely worn, and the service life of the water-lubricated bearing is shortened. The severely worn water-lubricated bearing not only reduces the bearing capacity of the bearing, but also causes severe vibration of the stern shaft and damages the propeller system.
Therefore, if the frictional wear of the water lubricated bearing can be monitored in real time and a proper method is adopted to prevent the friction or reduce the wear in advance, the service life of the water lubricated bearing can be prolonged. However, the current technology can only alarm and stop after detecting that the bearing is seriously worn, and then the current technology is just overhauled in shore. By adopting the treatment mode, on one hand, the water-lubricated bearing has serious frictional wear, and on the other hand, the ship has to stop working for maintenance, so that a great deal of manpower and time are spent. In addition, in the prior art, for detecting the abrasion of the water lubrication bearing, a hole needs to be drilled in the bearing or a sensor (such as an optical fiber sensor) needs to be embedded, so that the bearing capacity of the bearing is damaged, and the embedded sensor can only measure the abrasion state at a fixed position. Therefore, it is necessary to research a method for detecting the frictional wear state of the water-lubricated bearing in real time and actively preventing or actively reducing the wear of the bearing according to the state, which is of great significance for prolonging the service life of the water-lubricated bearing, reducing the maintenance frequency of the bearing, and improving the long-range ability and the working efficiency of the ship.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to overcome the defects that the existing method can only detect and can not reduce the friction and wear on line, and designs a method for automatically judging the contact friction condition of a stern shaft and a water lubricated bearing by detecting the thickness of a water film through ultrasonic waves and increasing the thickness of the water film between the stern shaft and a bearing bush through active avoidance of a bearing seat and a device for realizing the method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for actively reducing the abrasion of a water lubricated bearing, which comprises the steps of measuring the thickness of a water film between a stern shaft and the water lubricated bearing, further calculating the ratio of the thickness of the water film to the comprehensive roughness of the surface of a friction pair, judging the lubrication state of the water lubricated bearing, and if the ratio h/sigma of the thickness of the water film to the comprehensive roughness of the surface of the bearing friction pair is less than or equal to 4, indicating that the water lubricated bearing is in a mixed lubrication or boundary lubrication state at the moment, indicating that the direct contact friction between the outer surface of the stern shaft and the surface of a bearing bush of the water lubricated bearing is about to occur, and pushing the water lubricated bearing to move leftwards or rightwards and away from the stern shaft at the moment.
Further, the method for actively reducing the wear of the water-lubricated bearing comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: measuring the thickness of the water film: the method comprises the steps of processing a stern shaft into a hollow stern shaft, installing an ultrasonic probe in the stern shaft corresponding to the center of a water lubrication bearing, measuring the reflection echo of ultrasonic waves at the position opposite to the ultrasonic probe in real time by using the ultrasonic probe, sending the reflection echo to a central control unit, and receiving the reflection echo by the central control unit and calculating the real-time water film thickness h.
Step 2: judging whether the water lubricated bearing needs to be pushed: the central control unit judges whether the ratio h/sigma of the water film thickness to the comprehensive surface roughness of the bearing friction pair is less than or equal to 4, and if the ratio h/sigma is judged to be less than or equal to 4, the water is required to be pushed to lubricate the bearing; if h/sigma is judged to be greater than 4, the water-lubricated bearing does not need to be pushed, and the dynamic change of the film thickness ratio h/sigma is measured in real time by using the ultrasonic probe.
And step 3: pushing a water lubricating bearing: a bearing seat avoiding unit is arranged at the lower end of the water lubricating bearing, the bearing seat avoiding unit comprises a sliding plate, and thrust is applied to the sliding plate through a pre-tightening spring and a piezoelectric ceramic mechanism at two ends of the sliding plate respectively; when h/sigma is less than or equal to 4, starting the bearing seat avoiding unit, and determining the phase of the ultrasonic probe at the moment according to the time for the ultrasonic probe to rotate to the circumferential position; if the phase is in the interval of 90-270 degrees, the driving voltage of the piezoelectric ceramic is increased to extend the piezoelectric ceramic, the thrust of the piezoelectric ceramic is amplified by using the double-connecting-rod mechanism, so that the sliding plate is pushed to extrude the pre-tightening spring, the sliding plate drives the bearing seat and the water-lubricated bearing to move leftwards, the position of the water-lubricated bearing is changed, the thickness of a water film is increased, the gap between the stern shaft and the water-lubricated bearing is increased, and the contact friction abrasion of the stern shaft and the bearing is reduced or avoided in advance; if the phase is in the interval of 0-90 degrees or 270-360 degrees, the driving voltage of the piezoelectric ceramic is reduced to shorten the piezoelectric ceramic, and the sliding plate is pushed to slide rightwards under the action of the pre-tightening spring, so that the position of the water-lubricated bearing is changed.
And 4, step 4: and (3) continuously measuring the thickness of the water film between the stern shaft and the water lubrication bearing in real time by using the ultrasonic probe, and if the ratio h/sigma is judged to be still less than or equal to 4, continuously executing the step 3 to avoid the stern shaft and increase the gap or the safe distance between the stern shaft and the water lubrication bearing.
Further, the specific measurement method in step 1 is as follows: rotating the hollow screw shaft and driving the ultrasonic probe to finally enable the ultrasonic probe to be in a horizontal position, wherein the initial phase of the rotation of the ultrasonic probe is 0 degree; starting a ship motor, enabling a stern shaft to run in an actual working condition, measuring a reflection signal of a stern shaft-water film interface in real time by using a rotary ultrasonic probe, and sending the signal to a central control unit, wherein the central control unit converts the reflection signal into a water film thickness value by using fast Fourier transform; the water film thickness of the ultrasonic probe at any time and any circumferential position can be obtained through the operation; and measuring the roughness value of the inner surface of the water lubricating bearing and the roughness value of the outer surface of the stern shaft by using a roughness meter, and calculating to obtain the comprehensive roughness sigma of the two friction pairs.
The invention also provides a device for actively reducing the abrasion of the water lubricated bearing, which is arranged at the lower part of a stern shaft system, wherein the stern shaft system comprises a stern shaft and the water lubricated bearing; the main structure of the device comprises a bearing seat avoiding unit, wherein the bearing seat avoiding unit comprises a sliding plate, a fixed plate, a pre-tightening spring and a piezoelectric ceramic mechanism; the upper end of the sliding plate is fixedly connected with a bearing seat of the water lubricating bearing, a fixed plate is arranged below the sliding plate, and two ends of the sliding plate are respectively provided with a pre-tightening spring and a piezoelectric ceramic mechanism; the piezoelectric ceramic mechanism comprises piezoelectric ceramic; thrust is applied to the sliding plate through the pre-tightening spring and the piezoelectric ceramic mechanism, so that the sliding plate slides left and right on the fixed plate, the water lubrication bearing connected with the sliding plate is driven to move left and right, and the position of the water lubrication bearing is changed.
Furthermore, one end of the sliding plate is connected with the baffle plate and the fixed block on the fixed plate through the double-end stud, and the other end of the sliding plate is connected with the U-shaped wall on the fixed plate through the piezoelectric ceramic mechanism; the pre-tightening spring is positioned on the stud between the baffle plate and the sliding plate.
Further, the piezoelectric ceramic mechanism also comprises a double-link mechanism; the double-connecting-rod mechanism comprises an execution sliding block, a middle sliding block, a fixed part, a front connecting rod and a rear connecting rod, wherein the execution sliding block is fixedly connected to one end of the sliding plate; the fixing part is fixedly connected to the U-shaped wall of the fixing plate; two ends of the front connecting rod are respectively connected with the fixing part and the middle sliding block through hinges; two ends of the rear connecting rod are respectively connected with the middle sliding block and the execution sliding block through hinges; the middle sliding block slides on the fixed plate through the convex column at the lower end, and the rear end of the middle sliding block is a hollow cylinder; piezoelectric ceramics are placed in the hollow cylinder, and the tail end of the piezoelectric ceramics is abutted against the U-shaped wall of the fixing plate; the convex column is matched with the arc-shaped track on the fixing plate for use, and can slide along the arc-shaped track; one end of the piezoelectric ceramic is tightly connected with the middle sliding block of the double-connecting-rod mechanism, the other end of the piezoelectric ceramic is tightly connected with the U-shaped wall of the fixed plate, and the piezoelectric ceramic is used for pushing the double-connecting-rod mechanism to move so as to push the sliding plate to move; the double-link mechanism is used for amplifying the output force of the piezoelectric ceramics.
The device further comprises a water film thickness detection unit and a central control unit, wherein the water film thickness detection unit is arranged in the stern shaft at a position corresponding to the center of the water lubrication bearing, the water film thickness detection unit comprises an ultrasonic probe, the transmitting end of the ultrasonic probe is tightly contacted with the inner surface of the stern shaft, and the ultrasonic probe can measure the reflection echo of the ultrasonic wave at the position opposite to the ultrasonic probe in real time; the pivot control unit is connected with the water film thickness detection unit through an electric signal, the pivot control unit is connected with the bearing seat avoiding unit through an electric signal, the pivot control unit calculates the water film thickness through the measurement data of the water film thickness detection unit, the lubricating state of the water lubricating bearing is further judged through the comprehensive roughness ratio of the water film thickness to the surface of the friction pair, and the judgment result is converted into an electric signal to be sent to the piezoelectric ceramic mechanism of the bearing seat avoiding unit.
Furthermore, the water film thickness detection unit also comprises a pressing block, a compression spring, a balancing weight and a fixing frame; the tail end of the ultrasonic probe is sequentially provided with a pressing block, a compression spring and a balancing weight, and a fixing frame is arranged outside the ultrasonic probe, the pressing block, the compression spring and the balancing weight; the compression spring is used for extruding the ultrasonic probe, so that the ultrasonic probe is tightly attached to the surface of the groove of the inner hole of the hollow stern shaft, and a gap is prevented between the ultrasonic probe and the surface of the groove; the pressing block is used for separating the compression spring from the ultrasonic probe, and the compression force of the compression spring is homogenized and then transmitted to the ultrasonic probe; the counterweight block has the function of ensuring the dynamic balance of the fixing frame and the internal parts during rotation; the fixing frame is used for fixing the ultrasonic probe, the pressing block, the compression spring and the balancing weight in the middle.
Furthermore, the central control unit comprises a wireless signal transmitter, a wireless signal receiver, an industrial personal computer and a signal amplifier; the wireless signal transmitter is connected with the wireless signal receiver through a wireless signal; the wireless signal receiver, the industrial personal computer and the signal amplifier are sequentially connected through an electric signal line, and the signal amplifier is connected with the piezoelectric ceramic electric signal line; the wireless signal transmitter transmits the received reflected signal of the ultrasonic probe to the outside; the wireless signal receiver can receive a reflection signal sent by the wireless signal transmitter and transmit the reflection signal to the industrial personal computer, the industrial personal computer processes the signal by utilizing a written resonance model and spring model program, the thickness of a water film at the position opposite to the ultrasonic probe is obtained by real-time calculation, whether the stern shaft is in direct contact with a bearing bush of the water lubrication bearing at the moment is judged, and if the thickness of the water film is in direct contact with the bearing bush of the water lubrication bearing, the driving voltage of the piezoelectric ceramic is changed through the signal amplifier, so that the relative position of the water lubrication bearing and the stern shaft is changed; and if not, the bearing seat avoiding unit is not started.
Furthermore, the bearing seat avoiding unit also comprises a dovetail-shaped guide rail which is fixed on the fixed plate and used for guiding and supporting the movement of the sliding plate; correspondingly, the bottom of the sliding plate is provided with a groove matched with the dovetail-shaped guide rail; the bearing seat avoiding unit further comprises a sealing plate and a sealing box, and the sealing plate and the sealing box are used for preventing water from entering the piezoelectric ceramic mechanism.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention provides a method for measuring the thickness of a water film on line, judging the lubricating state of a water-lubricated bearing and increasing the gap between a stern shaft and the bearing on line so as to actively reduce the friction and wear of the water-lubricated bearing, which overcomes the technical defects that the prior art only monitors the wear state of the water-lubricated bearing and cannot prevent or reduce the wear of the bearing on line;
(2) the invention is a monitoring technology for the lubricating state of a water-lubricated bearing, which is judged by the ratio of the thickness of a water film to the comprehensive surface roughness of a friction pair, and if the film thickness ratio (h/sigma) is less than or equal to 4 according to the lubricating theory, the water-lubricated bearing and a stern shaft are considered to be in a mixed lubricating state or a boundary lubricating state, and the stern shaft and the water-lubricated bearing are in a state of coming to be in direct contact friction;
(3) the measurement of the water film thickness is obtained by embedding the ultrasonic probe in the hollow stern shaft, and a sensor does not need to be arranged in a bearing through hole like the traditional technology, so that the bearing performance of the water lubrication bearing cannot be damaged; meanwhile, the ultrasonic probe can measure the film thickness change of the whole circumferential position in real time along with the rotation of the stern shaft, and the problems of fixed position and single measuring position of the measuring probe in the traditional technology are solved.
(4) The bearing seat avoiding unit mechanism for controlling the position of the bearing seat has wonderful conception and simple structure, combines the advantages of controllable extension amount and precise positioning of piezoelectric ceramics and the characteristic of large reinforcement ratio of the double-connecting-rod mechanism, and ensures that the mechanism for controlling the position of the bearing seat can output 24000N large acting force, 100 mu m large displacement and nano-scale positioning precision.
In conclusion, the invention overcomes the defect that the existing water-lubricated bearing can only be stopped for maintenance when being detected to be worn during working, has the advantages of online friction detection, wear prevention, online active friction pair separation, no need of stopping and the like, and can be applied to mechanical equipment such as ships, water pumps, water turbines and the like; in addition, the piezoelectric ceramic is combined with the force increasing mechanism, so that the bearing seat position control device has high pushing force and precise positioning capacity.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the device for actively reducing the wear of a water-lubricated bearing according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a water film thickness detection unit according to the present invention, wherein (a) is a hollow stern shaft, and (b) is an enlarged view of an internal embedding mechanism.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a bearing seat avoiding unit according to the present invention, wherein (a) is a side view and (b) is a top view.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure principle of the intermediate sliding block related to the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a sealing structure of the bearing seat avoiding unit according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of the central control unit related to the invention.
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the operation of actively reducing water lubricated bearing wear in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic phase diagram of the circumferential position of the ultrasonic probe according to the present invention at different times, where (a) is the position of the probe when t is 0s, and (b) is t1s is the position of the probe.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the calculation result of the water film thickness of 4.997 μm, wherein (a) is the reflected acoustic time domain signal, (b) is the reflection coefficient diagram, and (c) is the calculation result of the water film thickness.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a positional relationship between the bearing seat and the avoidance unit according to the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further described by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
the device for actively reducing the abrasion of the water lubricated bearing related to the embodiment is arranged at the lower part of a stern shaft system, and the stern shaft system comprises a stern shaft 101 and a water lubricated bearing 102; the main structure of the device comprises a water film thickness detection unit, a bearing seat avoiding unit and a central control unit, wherein the water film thickness detection unit is arranged in the stern shaft and measures the reflection echo of ultrasonic waves at the position opposite to the stern shaft in real time by using an ultrasonic probe 1; the bearing seat avoiding unit is arranged below the water lubricating bearing 102 through a bearing seat 103 and can push the water lubricating bearing 102 and the bearing seat 103 to move leftwards or rightwards; the center control unit is connected with the water film thickness detection unit through an electric signal line, the center control unit is connected with the bearing seat avoiding unit through an electric signal, the center control unit receives the measurement data of the water film thickness detection unit and calculates the water film thickness, the lubricating state of the water-lubricated bearing is judged further through the comprehensive roughness ratio of the water film thickness to the surface of the friction pair, and the judgment result is converted into an electric signal to be sent to the bearing seat avoiding unit.
The stern shaft 101 is a hollow stern shaft, and an inner wall is provided with an inner hole groove 6 along the axial direction and used for positioning a water film thickness detection unit.
The water film thickness detection unit comprises an ultrasonic probe 1, a pressing block 2, a compression spring 3, a balancing weight 4 and a fixing frame 5; the ultrasonic probe 1 is arranged in the hollow stern shaft 101 at a position corresponding to the center of the water lubrication bearing 102, the transmitting end of the ultrasonic probe 1 is in close contact with the surface of the inner hole groove 6 of the hollow stern shaft 101, the tail end of the ultrasonic probe 1 is provided with the pressing block 2, the compression spring 3 and the balancing weight 4 in sequence, and the fixing frame 5 is arranged outside the ultrasonic probe 1, the pressing block 2, the compression spring 3 and the balancing weight 4; the ultrasonic probe 1 selects an ultrasonic probe with a central frequency response of 2.5 MHz; the compression spring 3 is used for extruding the ultrasonic probe 1, so that the ultrasonic probe 1 is tightly attached to the surface of the inner hole groove 6 of the hollow stern shaft 101, and the influence of a gap between the ultrasonic probe 1 and the surface 6 of the groove on the measurement effect is prevented; the pressing block 2 is used for separating the compression spring 3 from the ultrasonic probe 1, and the compression force of the compression spring 3 is homogenized and then transmitted to the ultrasonic probe 1; the counterweight 4 has the function of ensuring the dynamic balance of the fixing frame 5 and internal parts during rotation, and the counterweight 4 is arranged at the other end of the fixing frame 5 because the ultrasonic probe 1 and the pressing block 2 have certain mass and the mass eccentricity during rotation is avoided; the fixing frame 5 is used for fixing the ultrasonic probe 1, the pressing block 2, the compression spring 3 and the balancing weight 4 in the middle, the two ends of the fixing frame 5 are designed in a circular arc shape, the diameter of the circular arc is the same as that of an inner hole of the stern shaft 101, and smooth sliding along the inside of the stern shaft can be guaranteed when the fixing frame 5 is installed.
The working principle of the water film thickness detection unit is based on the circumferential film thickness detection technology of ultrasonic waves, the screw shaft 101 is processed into a hollow shaft, the ultrasonic probe 1 is nested in the hollow shaft, the ultrasonic probe 1 can emit sound wave signals, the sound wave signals can penetrate through the hollow screw shaft 101, reflection occurs on the interface of the screw shaft and a water film, the reflection signals are received by the ultrasonic probe 1, the water film thickness is different, and the reflection signals received by the ultrasonic probe 1 are also different, so that the water film thickness value can be solved according to the reflection signals; the ultrasonic probe 1 rotates synchronously with the rotation of the stern shaft 101, can measure the reflected echo of the ultrasonic wave at the position opposite to the ultrasonic probe 1 in real time in the rotating process, and transmits the reflected echo signal to the wireless signal transmitter 29 of the central control unit through an electric connection wire.
The bearing seat avoiding unit comprises a sliding plate 7, a fixed plate 8, a stud 9, a pre-tightening spring 10 and a piezoelectric ceramic mechanism; the upper end of the sliding plate 7 is connected with a bearing seat 103 of the water lubrication bearing 102 through threads or a welding mode, and the lower end of the sliding plate 7 is provided with a fixed plate 8 which can slide left and right on the fixed plate 8; the sliding plate 7 is a T-shaped plate structure with one wide end and one narrow end, the wide end of the sliding plate 7 is connected with a baffle 81 and a fixed block 82 on the fixed plate 8 through a stud 9, and the narrow end of the sliding plate 7 is connected with a U-shaped wall 83 at one end of the fixed plate 8 through a piezoelectric ceramic mechanism; one end of the fixed plate 8 is fixedly provided with a baffle 81, the middle position is fixedly provided with a fixed block 82, and the other end is fixedly provided with a U-shaped wall 83; one end of the stud 9 is connected with the fixed block 82 through threads, and the other end of the stud passes through the sliding block 7, the pre-tightening spring 10 and the baffle 81 in sequence and then is fixed through the locking nut 41; the pre-tightening spring 10 is positioned between the baffle plate 81 and the sliding plate 7; the piezoelectric ceramic mechanism comprises piezoelectric ceramic 16 and a double-link mechanism, one end of the piezoelectric ceramic 16 is tightly connected with the middle sliding block 12 of the double-link mechanism, the other end of the piezoelectric ceramic is tightly connected with the U-shaped wall 83, and the piezoelectric ceramic 16 is used for pushing the double-link mechanism to move so as to push the sliding plate 7 to move; one end of the double-link mechanism is fixedly connected with the sliding plate 7, the other end of the double-link mechanism is fixedly connected with the U-shaped wall 83, and the double-link mechanism is used for amplifying the output force of the piezoelectric ceramics 16.
The double-link mechanism comprises an execution slide block 11, a middle slide block 12, a fixed part 13, a front link 14 and a rear link 15, wherein the execution slide block 11 is fixedly connected with one end of the sliding plate 7 and is connected with the middle slide block 12 through the rear link 15; the middle slide block 12 is connected with the fixed part 13 through a front connecting rod 14; the fixing part 13 is fixedly connected on the U-shaped wall 83 of the fixing plate 8; two ends of the front connecting rod 14 are respectively connected with the fixed part 13 and the middle slide block 12 through hinges; two ends of the rear connecting rod 15 are respectively connected with the middle slide block 12 and the execution slide block 11 through hinges; the middle sliding block 12 slides on the fixed plate 8 through a convex column 122 at the lower end, and the rear end of the middle sliding block is a hollow cylinder 121; piezoelectric ceramics 16 are placed in the hollow cylinder 121, and the tail end of the piezoelectric ceramics 16 is abutted against the U-shaped wall 83; the male posts 122 cooperate with the arcuate tracks 84 on the holding plate 8, the male posts 122 being able to slide along the arcuate tracks 84.
The piezoelectric ceramic 16 adopts a ceramic sheet with micro-motion and high thrust, can output 3000N force and 100 mu m micro displacement, and the displacement adjusting precision can reach 10nm, and the radius gap between the stern shaft and the bearing is 0.05mm in the embodiment, so the selected piezoelectric ceramic 16 can completely meet the adjusting requirements of the positions of the bearing seat and the water-lubricated bearing.
The pre-tightening spring 10 is made of 50CrVA high-grade high-quality spring steel, can bear larger stress and has better rigidity.
The bearing seat avoiding unit further comprises a dovetail-shaped guide rail 85, and the dovetail-shaped guide rail 85 is fixed on the fixed plate 8 and used for guiding and supporting the movement of the sliding plate 7; correspondingly, the bottom of the sliding plate 7 is provided with a groove which is matched with the dovetail-shaped guide rail 85.
The bearing seat avoiding unit further comprises a sealing plate 17 and a sealing box 90, the sealing box 90 is a box body with an opening at the upper part, and a sliding plate 7, a fixed plate 8, a stud 9, a pre-tightening spring 10 and a piezoelectric ceramic mechanism are arranged in the box body; the sealing plate 17 is positioned above the fixed plate 8, the sealing plate 17 is fastened with the fixed plate 8 and the sealing box 90 in a threaded manner, and sealing rings 18 are respectively arranged between the sealing plate 17 and the sliding plate 7 as well as between the sealing plate 8 and the sealing box 90; the sealing plate 17 and the sealing box 90 are used to prevent water from entering the piezoelectric ceramic mechanism.
The principle that the piezoelectric ceramic mechanism amplifies the driving force of the piezoelectric ceramic 16 by using the double-connecting-rod mechanism is as follows: the front connecting rod 14 and the rear connecting rod 15 change the output force direction of the piezoelectric ceramic 16 into the acting force direction of the actuating slide block 11, the output force of the actuating slide block 11 is obviously larger than that of the piezoelectric ceramic 16, and when the included angle alpha between the rear connecting rod and the dovetail-shaped guide rail directiontWhen the angle is 7 °, the amplification factor i of the available output force is 1/(2tan α) derived from the double link mechanism in fig. 3t) When the output force of the piezoelectric ceramic 16 is 3000N, 12000N can be output through the amplification of the double-link mechanism, and in the embodiment, two sets of the same piezoelectric ceramic mechanisms are adopted, which can output 24000N altogether, so that the requirement of the driving force for the sliding of the bearing seat and the bearing can be completely met.
The working principle of the bearing seat avoiding unit is as follows: two ends of the sliding plate 7 respectively apply thrust through the pre-tightening spring 10 and the piezoelectric ceramic 16 to enable the sliding plate to slide left and right on the fixed plate 8, so that the bearing seat 103 and the water lubrication bearing 102 connected with the sliding plate 7 are driven to move left and right, the position of the water lubrication bearing 102 is changed, the thrust of the piezoelectric ceramic 16 is amplified through a double-connecting-rod structure, and the requirement of the thrust is better met; the method specifically comprises the following steps: when the driving voltage of the piezoelectric ceramic 16 is increased, the piezoelectric ceramic 16 extends to push the intermediate slide block 12 to move along the arc-shaped track 84, the intermediate slide block 12 pushes the execution slide block 11 to move leftwards through the rear connecting rod 15, and therefore the slide plate 7 is pushed to extrude the pre-tightening spring 10 and slide leftwards along the dovetail-shaped guide rail 85, and the position of the water lubrication bearing 102 is changed; when the driving voltage of the piezoelectric ceramic 16 is reduced, the sliding plate 7 can be pushed to move in the opposite direction due to the action of the pre-tightening spring 10, so that the position of the water-lubricated bearing 102 is changed.
The central control unit comprises a wireless signal transmitter 29, a wireless signal receiver 30, an industrial personal computer 31 and a signal amplifier 32; the wireless signal transmitter 29 is connected with the wireless signal receiver 30 through a wireless signal; the wireless signal receiver 30, the industrial personal computer 31 and the signal amplifier 32 are sequentially connected through an electric signal line, and the signal amplifier 32 is connected with the piezoelectric ceramic 16 through an electric signal line; the wireless signal transmitter 29 transmits the received reflected signal of the ultrasonic probe 1 to the outside; the wireless signal receiver 30 can receive a reflection signal sent by the wireless signal transmitter 29 and transmit the reflection signal to the industrial personal computer 31, the industrial personal computer 31 processes the signal by utilizing a written resonance model and spring model program, the thickness of a water film at the position opposite to the ultrasonic probe 1 is obtained through real-time calculation, whether the bearing bush of the stern shaft 101 and the bearing bush of the water lubrication bearing 102 are about to be in direct contact at the moment is judged, if yes, the driving voltage of the piezoelectric ceramic 16 is changed through the signal amplifier 32, and therefore the relative position of the water lubrication bearing 102 and the stern shaft 101 is changed; and if not, the bearing seat avoiding unit is not started.
The working principle of the device for actively reducing the abrasion of the water lubrication bearing is as follows: the ultrasonic probe 1 is used for measuring the reflected echo of the ultrasonic wave at the position opposite to the ultrasonic probe in real time and sending the reflected echo to the central control unit, the central control unit receives the reflected echo and calculates the real-time water film thickness, and further, the lubricating state of the water-lubricated bearing 102 is judged according to the ratio of the thickness of the water film to the comprehensive roughness of the surface of the friction pair, and according to the lubricating theory, if the ratio (h/sigma) of the water film thickness to the comprehensive surface roughness of the bearing friction pair is less than or equal to 4, the water lubricated bearing 102 is in a mixed lubrication or boundary lubrication state at the moment, which indicates that direct contact friction is about to occur between the outer surface of the stern shaft 101 and the surface of a bearing bush of the water lubricated bearing 102, and at the moment, the central control unit starts the bearing block avoiding unit to drive the bearing block 103 to actively avoid and keep away from the stern shaft 101 by increasing or reducing the driving voltage of the piezoelectric ceramic 16; the technical scheme aims to increase the distance between the two friction pairs in advance when the stern shaft 101 is about to contact with the water-lubricated bearing 102, and remarkably reduce the friction and the abrasion of the water-lubricated bearing.
Example 2:
the embodiment relates to a method for actively reducing the wear of a water-lubricated bearing, which is realized by the device for actively reducing the wear of the water-lubricated bearing in the embodiment 1, and comprises the following specific steps:
S11, assembling parts of the ultrasonic probe 1, the pressing block 2, the compression spring 3, the balancing weight 4 and the fixing frame 5 of the water film thickness detection unit, and then pushing the parts to the position corresponding to the center of the water lubrication bearing 102 along the inner hole groove 6 of the stern shaft 101;
s12, rotating the hollow stern shaft 101 to drive the ultrasonic probe 1 to rotate, and enabling the ultrasonic probe 1 to be finally in a horizontal position, wherein the initial phase of the rotation of the ultrasonic probe 1 is 0 degree;
s13, measuring the surface roughness of the inner hole of the water-lubricated bearing 102 at intervals of 120 degrees in the circumferential direction by using a handheld roughness meter, and taking the average value of the roughness of three positions as the average roughness value sigma of the inner hole of the water-lubricated bearing 102b(ii) a Measuring the roughness of the outer surface of the stern shaft 101 at intervals of 120 degrees in the circumferential direction by using a handheld roughness meter, and taking the average value of the roughness of three positions as the average roughness value sigma of the surface of the stern shaft 101s(ii) a By usingThe combined roughness sigma of the matching surfaces of the stern shaft 101 and the water lubricated bearing 102 can be obtained as 1.281 mu m in the son (1); in this example σb＝1.0μm，σs＝0.8μm，σ＝1.281μm；
S21, starting a ship motor, and measuring a reflected sound wave signal of a stern shaft-water film interface by using the ultrasonic probe 1 at the same time when the stern shaft 101 rotates, wherein the pulse excitation frequency of the ultrasonic probe 1 in the embodiment is 3000Hz, the rotating speed of the stern shaft 101 is 600r/min, namely the rotating frequency of the stern shaft 101 is 10Hz, and the pulse excitation frequency is 300 times of the rotating frequency of the stern shaft 101, namely when the stern shaft 101 rotates for one circle, 300 points can be measured on the whole circle by the ultrasonic probe 1, the angle between every two points is 1.2 degrees, namely the thickness of the water film can be measured at the position of every 1.2 degrees in the circumferential direction;
s22, the ultrasonic probe 1 sends a reflection signal of the stern shaft-water film interface to the wireless signal emitter 29, and the wireless signal emitter 29 transmits the received reflection signal of the ultrasonic probe 1 to the outside; the wireless signal receiver 30 can receive the reflected signal sent by the wireless signal transmitter 29 and further transmit the reflected signal to the industrial personal computer 31, and a resonance model program and a spring model program in the industrial personal computer 31 can convert the reflected signal into a water film thickness value h, and the water film thickness values of the ultrasonic probe 1 at positions of every 1.2 degrees in the rotation process can be obtained through the operation;
s23, according to the lubrication theory, when the range of the ratio (h/sigma) of the water film thickness to the comprehensive roughness of the surface of the friction pair is 1< (h/sigma) ≦ 4, the water lubricated bearing 102 is in a mixed lubrication state; when the film thickness ratio (h/sigma) is less than or equal to 1, the water lubricated bearing 102 is in a boundary lubrication state; therefore, whether the ratio of the water film thickness value h to the comprehensive roughness sigma is less than or equal to 4 is automatically judged by a program in the industrial personal computer 31; if the thickness h of the water film is calculated to be less than or equal to 4 sigma which is 5.124 micrometers, the bearing is considered to be in a mixed lubrication or boundary lubrication state, and in this state, the bearing 102 needs to support the stern shaft 101 by using both the pressure of the water film and the solid contact pressure of the bearing 102 and the solid of the convex body of the stern shaft 101, namely, the stern shaft 101 and the bearing 102 are subjected to direct contact friction;
s24, when the water film thickness h is less than or equal to 5.124 μm, determining the phase alpha of the ultrasonic probe 1 at the moment according to the equation (2)
In the formula t1The time of probe rotation is shown, N is the integral value of the number of screw shaft rotation turns, and T is the period of screw shaft rotation turns;
in this embodiment, the thickness h of the water film is 4.997 μm, the rotation speed n of the screw shaft is 600r/min, the period of one rotation is T0.1 s, and the time of the rotation of the ultrasonic probe 1 is T1If the integral value of the number of turning turns of the propeller shaft is 0.54s and N is 5, the circumferential phase of the ultrasonic probe 1 at the moment is 144 ° by substituting the equation (2), which belongs to the interval (90 ° and 180 °) in fig. 8, and the bearing seat avoiding unit needs to be started to push the water-lubricated bearing 102 to move leftward; the actuating slide block 11 is pushed to move leftwards by increasing the driving voltage of the piezoelectric ceramic 16, so that the sliding plate 7 drives the bearing seat 103 and the water lubrication bearing 102 to move leftwards (shown in figure 10), the thickness of a water film is increased, the gap between the stern shaft 101 and the water lubrication bearing 102 is increased, and the contact friction abrasion between the stern shaft and the bearing is reduced or avoided in advance;
s25, continuously measuring the thickness of the water film between the stern shaft 101 and the water lubricated bearing 102 in real time by using the ultrasonic probe 1, and continuously actively controlling the position of the water lubricated bearing 102 to avoid the stern shaft 101 according to the steps S22-S24 once the thickness of the water film is judged to be still less than or equal to 5.124 microns and the phase alpha of the ultrasonic probe 1 corresponding to the thickness of the water film is still in the (90 degrees and 180 degrees) interval in the figure 8; however, if the phase α of the ultrasonic probe 1 corresponding to the film thickness is found to be in the interval of (0 °,90 °) or (270 °,360 °), it is necessary to decrease the driving voltage of the piezoelectric ceramic 16 in step S24 so as to move the water lubricated bearing 102 rightward; if the phase α of the ultrasonic probe 1 corresponding to the film thickness is found to be in the (180 °,270 °) interval, it is necessary to increase the driving voltage of the piezoelectric ceramic 16 in step S24 so that the water lubricated bearing 102 moves leftward;
s26, once the real-time measurement result of the water film thickness is judged to be more than 5.124 microns, the two friction pairs are in a normal fluid dynamic pressure lubrication state, the screw shaft 101 is not in direct contact with the water lubrication bearing 102, the phase of the ultrasonic probe 1 in the circumferential direction does not need to be determined, the piezoelectric ceramic mechanism does not need to be started, the water film thickness at the next moment still needs to be measured in real time by the ultrasonic probe 1, and the operation is continued according to the steps S21-S26.
In the step S22, referring to the step of measuring the thickness of the lubricating film in chinese patent CN107966120B (a calibration device for measuring the thickness of a film by ultrasonic waves and a measurement method thereof), an industrial personal computer performs online fast fourier transform on the transmitted reflection signal to find the resonance frequency corresponding to the minimum reflection coefficient (or to find the quantitative relationship curve between the reflection coefficient and the frequency), and calculates the thickness of the water film between the outer surface of the stern shaft and the bearing by using a resonance model formula (or a spring model formula). An example of the calculation is shown in fig. 9.
Claims (10)
1. A method for actively reducing the abrasion of a water lubricated bearing is characterized in that the lubrication state of the water lubricated bearing is judged by measuring the thickness of a water film between a stern shaft and the water lubricated bearing and further calculating the ratio of the thickness of the water film to the comprehensive roughness of the surface of a friction pair, if the ratio h/sigma of the thickness of the water film to the comprehensive roughness of the surface of the bearing friction pair is less than or equal to 4, the water lubricated bearing is in a mixed lubrication or boundary lubrication state at the moment, the direct contact friction between the outer surface of the stern shaft and the surface of a bearing bush of the water lubricated bearing is predicted to happen, and the water lubricated bearing is pushed to move leftwards or rightwards and is far away from the stern shaft at the moment.
2. The method for actively reducing the wear of the water-lubricated bearing according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1: measuring the thickness of the water film: the method comprises the steps of processing a stern shaft into a hollow stern shaft, installing an ultrasonic probe in the stern shaft corresponding to the center of a water lubrication bearing, measuring the reflection echo of ultrasonic waves at the position opposite to the ultrasonic probe in real time by using the ultrasonic probe, sending the reflection echo to a central control unit, and receiving the reflection echo by the central control unit and calculating the real-time water film thickness h.
Step 2: judging whether the water lubricated bearing needs to be pushed: the central control unit judges whether the ratio h/sigma of the water film thickness to the comprehensive surface roughness of the bearing friction pair is less than or equal to 4, and if the ratio h/sigma is judged to be less than or equal to 4, the water is required to be pushed to lubricate the bearing; if h/sigma is judged to be greater than 4, the water-lubricated bearing does not need to be pushed, and the dynamic change of the film thickness ratio h/sigma is measured in real time by using the ultrasonic probe.
And step 3: pushing a water lubricating bearing: a bearing seat avoiding unit is arranged at the lower end of the water lubricating bearing, the bearing seat avoiding unit comprises a sliding plate, and thrust is applied to the sliding plate through a pre-tightening spring and a piezoelectric ceramic mechanism at two ends of the sliding plate respectively; when h/sigma is less than or equal to 4, starting the bearing seat avoiding unit, and determining the phase of the ultrasonic probe at the moment according to the time for the ultrasonic probe to rotate to the circumferential position; if the phase is in the interval of 90-270 degrees, the driving voltage of the piezoelectric ceramic is increased to extend the piezoelectric ceramic, the thrust of the piezoelectric ceramic is amplified by using the double-connecting-rod mechanism, so that the sliding plate is pushed to extrude the pre-tightening spring, the sliding plate drives the bearing seat and the water-lubricated bearing to move leftwards, the position of the water-lubricated bearing is changed, the thickness of a water film is increased, the gap between the stern shaft and the water-lubricated bearing is increased, and the contact friction abrasion of the stern shaft and the bearing is reduced or avoided in advance; if the phase is in the interval of 0-90 degrees or 270-360 degrees, the driving voltage of the piezoelectric ceramic is reduced to shorten the piezoelectric ceramic, and the sliding plate is pushed to slide rightwards under the action of the pre-tightening spring, so that the position of the water-lubricated bearing is changed.
And 4, step 4: and (3) continuously measuring the thickness of the water film between the stern shaft and the water lubrication bearing in real time by using the ultrasonic probe, and if the ratio h/sigma is judged to be still less than or equal to 4, continuously executing the step 3 to avoid the stern shaft and increase the gap or the safe distance between the stern shaft and the water lubrication bearing.
3. The method for actively reducing the wear of the water-lubricated bearing according to claim 2, wherein the specific measurement method in the step 1 is as follows: rotating the hollow screw shaft and driving the ultrasonic probe to finally enable the ultrasonic probe to be in a horizontal position, wherein the initial phase of the rotation of the ultrasonic probe is 0 degree; starting a ship motor, enabling a stern shaft to run in an actual working condition, measuring a reflection signal of a stern shaft-water film interface in real time by using a rotary ultrasonic probe, and sending the signal to a central control unit, wherein the central control unit converts the reflection signal into a water film thickness value by using fast Fourier transform; the water film thickness of the ultrasonic probe at any time and any circumferential position can be obtained through the operation; and measuring the roughness value of the inner surface of the water lubricating bearing and the roughness value of the outer surface of the stern shaft by using a roughness meter, and calculating to obtain the comprehensive roughness sigma of the two friction pairs.
4. A device for actively reducing the abrasion of a water-lubricated bearing is characterized in that the device is arranged at the lower part of a stern shaft system, and the stern shaft system comprises a stern shaft and the water-lubricated bearing; the main structure of the device comprises a bearing seat avoiding unit, wherein the bearing seat avoiding unit comprises a sliding plate, a fixed plate, a pre-tightening spring and a piezoelectric ceramic mechanism; the upper end of the sliding plate is fixedly connected with a bearing seat of the water lubricating bearing, a fixed plate is arranged below the sliding plate, and two ends of the sliding plate are respectively provided with a pre-tightening spring and a piezoelectric ceramic mechanism; the piezoelectric ceramic mechanism comprises piezoelectric ceramic; thrust is applied to the sliding plate through the pre-tightening spring and the piezoelectric ceramic mechanism, so that the sliding plate slides left and right on the fixed plate, the water lubrication bearing connected with the sliding plate is driven to move left and right, and the position of the water lubrication bearing is changed.
5. The device for actively reducing the abrasion of the water lubricated bearing according to claim 4, wherein one end of the sliding plate is connected with the baffle plate and the fixed block on the fixed plate through the stud, and the other end of the sliding plate is connected with the U-shaped wall on the fixed plate through the piezoelectric ceramic mechanism; the pre-tightening spring is positioned on the stud between the baffle plate and the sliding plate.
6. The device for actively reducing wear of a water lubricated bearing according to claim 4, wherein the piezo ceramic mechanism further comprises a double linkage mechanism; the double-connecting-rod mechanism comprises an execution sliding block, a middle sliding block, a fixed part, a front connecting rod and a rear connecting rod, wherein the execution sliding block is fixedly connected to one end of the sliding plate; the fixing part is fixedly connected to the U-shaped wall of the fixing plate; two ends of the front connecting rod are respectively connected with the fixing part and the middle sliding block through hinges; two ends of the rear connecting rod are respectively connected with the middle sliding block and the execution sliding block through hinges; the middle sliding block slides on the fixed plate through the convex column at the lower end, and the rear end of the middle sliding block is a hollow cylinder; piezoelectric ceramics are placed in the hollow cylinder, and the tail end of the piezoelectric ceramics is abutted against the U-shaped wall of the fixing plate; the convex column is matched with the arc-shaped track on the fixing plate for use, and can slide along the arc-shaped track; one end of the piezoelectric ceramic is tightly connected with the middle sliding block of the double-connecting-rod mechanism, the other end of the piezoelectric ceramic is tightly connected with the U-shaped wall of the fixed plate, and the piezoelectric ceramic is used for pushing the double-connecting-rod mechanism to move so as to push the sliding plate to move; the double-link mechanism is used for amplifying the output force of the piezoelectric ceramics.
7. The device for actively reducing the wear of the water lubricated bearing as claimed in claim 4, wherein the device further comprises a water film thickness detecting unit and a central control unit, the water film thickness detecting unit is installed in the position corresponding to the center of the water lubricated bearing in the stern shaft, the water film thickness detecting unit comprises an ultrasonic probe, the transmitting end of the ultrasonic probe is in close contact with the inner surface of the stern shaft, and the ultrasonic probe can measure the reflected echo of the ultrasonic wave at the position opposite to the ultrasonic probe in real time; the pivot control unit is connected with the water film thickness detection unit through an electric signal, the pivot control unit is connected with the bearing seat avoiding unit through an electric signal, the pivot control unit calculates the water film thickness through the measurement data of the water film thickness detection unit, the lubricating state of the water lubricating bearing is further judged through the comprehensive roughness ratio of the water film thickness to the surface of the friction pair, and the judgment result is converted into an electric signal to be sent to the piezoelectric ceramic mechanism of the bearing seat avoiding unit.
8. The device for actively reducing the wear of the water-lubricated bearing according to claim 7, wherein the water film thickness detection unit further comprises a pressing block, a compression spring, a balancing weight and a fixing frame; the tail end of the ultrasonic probe is sequentially provided with a pressing block, a compression spring and a balancing weight, and a fixing frame is arranged outside the ultrasonic probe, the pressing block, the compression spring and the balancing weight; the compression spring is used for extruding the ultrasonic probe, so that the ultrasonic probe is tightly attached to the surface of the groove of the inner hole of the hollow stern shaft, and a gap is prevented between the ultrasonic probe and the surface of the groove; the pressing block is used for separating the compression spring from the ultrasonic probe, and the compression force of the compression spring is homogenized and then transmitted to the ultrasonic probe; the counterweight block has the function of ensuring the dynamic balance of the fixing frame and the internal parts during rotation; the fixing frame is used for fixing the ultrasonic probe, the pressing block, the compression spring and the balancing weight in the middle.
9. The device for actively reducing the wear of a water lubricated bearing according to claim 7, wherein the central control unit comprises a wireless signal transmitter, a wireless signal receiver, an industrial personal computer and a signal amplifier; the wireless signal transmitter is connected with the wireless signal receiver through a wireless signal; the wireless signal receiver, the industrial personal computer and the signal amplifier are sequentially connected through an electric signal line, and the signal amplifier is connected with the piezoelectric ceramic electric signal line; the wireless signal transmitter transmits the received reflected signal of the ultrasonic probe to the outside; the wireless signal receiver can receive a reflection signal sent by the wireless signal transmitter and transmit the reflection signal to the industrial personal computer, the industrial personal computer processes the signal by utilizing a written resonance model and spring model program, the thickness of a water film at the position opposite to the ultrasonic probe is obtained by real-time calculation, whether the stern shaft is in direct contact with a bearing bush of the water lubrication bearing at the moment is judged, and if the thickness of the water film is in direct contact with the bearing bush of the water lubrication bearing, the driving voltage of the piezoelectric ceramic is changed through the signal amplifier, so that the relative position of the water lubrication bearing and the stern shaft is changed; and if not, the bearing seat avoiding unit is not started.
10. The device for actively reducing the abrasion of the water lubricated bearing as claimed in claim 4, wherein the bearing seat avoiding unit further comprises a dovetail-shaped guide rail, the dovetail-shaped guide rail is fixed on the fixed plate and used for guiding and supporting the movement of the sliding plate; correspondingly, the bottom of the sliding plate is provided with a groove matched with the dovetail-shaped guide rail; the bearing seat avoiding unit further comprises a sealing plate and a sealing box, and the sealing plate and the sealing box are used for preventing water from entering the piezoelectric ceramic mechanism.
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| CN202111622061.8A CN114322869A (en) | 2021-12-28 | 2021-12-28 | Device and method for actively reducing abrasion of water-lubricated bearing |
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| CN202111622061.8A CN114322869A (en) | 2021-12-28 | 2021-12-28 | Device and method for actively reducing abrasion of water-lubricated bearing |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115882401A (en) * | 2023-02-06 | 2023-03-31 | 中国电建集团山东电力建设第一工程有限公司 | Cable turning laying device, system and method |
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2021
- 2021-12-28 CN CN202111622061.8A patent/CN114322869A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115882401A (en) * | 2023-02-06 | 2023-03-31 | 中国电建集团山东电力建设第一工程有限公司 | Cable turning laying device, system and method |
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