CN114321939A - Waste incineration treatment process - Google Patents
Waste incineration treatment process Download PDFInfo
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- CN114321939A CN114321939A CN202111618712.6A CN202111618712A CN114321939A CN 114321939 A CN114321939 A CN 114321939A CN 202111618712 A CN202111618712 A CN 202111618712A CN 114321939 A CN114321939 A CN 114321939A
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Abstract
The application relates to the field of waste incineration, and particularly discloses a waste incineration treatment process, which comprises the following steps: and (3) refuse incineration: burning the garbage, wherein oxygen is introduced in the burning process; the incineration flue gas is subjected to activated carbon adsorption and lime slurry spraying deacidification to obtain discharged flue gas and incineration fly ash; mixing and stirring the incineration fly ash and a treatment agent under the condition of a mercury lamp or ultraviolet light, then adding a cementing material, and finally adding water and stirring to obtain a solidified body after building blocks are formed; the treatment agent is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of chelating agent, 6-15 parts of hydrotalcite, 5-12 parts of nano titanium dioxide and 28-35 parts of biochar loaded with graphene oxide. This application has the characteristics that carry out more effective processing to heavy metal and dioxin in the flying dust that waste incineration produced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of waste incineration treatment, in particular to a waste incineration treatment process.
Background
Along with the initial development of cities, the population of the urban living is greatly increased, the generation amount of urban garbage is increased, and the garbage incineration is a mode of treating most of the urban garbage, so that incinerators are built in succession in various places. After the garbage is treated by the incineration method, the garbage can be reduced, meanwhile, the land is saved, and pathogens can be eliminated in the process to convert toxic and harmful substances into nontoxic and harmful substances.
However, the waste incineration inevitably generates flue gas, the flue gas contains harmful gases such as dioxin and heavy metal particles, so the flue gas from waste incineration needs to be treated, and although the flue gas is filtered by a flue gas purification system, the harmful gases such as dioxin are adsorbed by activated carbon, and deacidification is carried out by calcium hydroxide, the fly ash obtained after the flue gas treatment still contains various heavy metal elements with high leaching concentration and dioxin, and the fly ash can be landfilled or recycled only by effective treatment. The traditionally adopted cement curing agent has limited treatment effect on the fly ash, so that a new waste incineration treatment process is needed to be provided, heavy metals and dioxin in the waste fly ash are more effectively treated, and the subsequent landfill or resource utilization is more facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to carry out more effective processing to heavy metal and dioxin in the flying ash that waste incineration produced, this application provides a waste incineration processing technology.
The waste incineration treatment process provided by the application adopts the following technical scheme:
a waste incineration treatment process comprises the following steps:
and (3) refuse incineration: burning the garbage, wherein oxygen is introduced in the burning process;
the incineration flue gas is subjected to activated carbon adsorption and lime slurry spraying deacidification to obtain discharged flue gas and incineration fly ash;
mixing and stirring the incineration fly ash and a treatment agent under the condition of a mercury lamp or ultraviolet light, then adding a cementing material, and finally adding water and stirring to obtain a solidified body after building blocks are formed;
the treatment agent is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of chelating agent, 6-15 parts of hydrotalcite, 5-12 parts of nano titanium dioxide and 28-35 parts of biochar loaded with graphene oxide.
By adopting the technical scheme, the heavy metal can be chelated and solidified by adding the chelating agent of the treatment agent, the incineration fly ash is mixed with the treatment agent, so that the heavy metal is chelated and solidified by the chelating agent in the treatment agent, then the cementing material is added, the influence of the heavy metal on cement hydration is prevented, and the problems that the solidification effect is reduced and the heavy metal dissolution amount is increased rapidly due to the fact that the heavy metal inhibits the hydration reaction of the cement material are solved; the nano titanium dioxide can play a catalytic role under the condition of mercury lamps or ultraviolet light and has a certain catalytic degradation role on dioxin in the incineration fly ash, so that the content of the dioxin can be reduced, the hydrotalcite is added possibly because the layered double hydroxide has certain anion exchange performance under the action of the hydrotalcite and also possibly because the layered double hydroxide and the nano titanium dioxide have certain catalytic performance when being added together.
In addition, the biochar loaded with graphene oxide added in the treatment agent is a carbon-containing porous solid material formed by pyrolysis of biomass raw materials (wood, crop straws or urban living biological wastes and the like) under oxygen-limited or anaerobic conditions at high temperature, the biochar realizes complexing of heavy metal ions through surface adsorption, complexing of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface and other forms, the graphene oxide is loaded and filled in holes of the biochar, the contact area of the graphene oxide and incineration fly ash is increased, the adsorption performance of the graphene oxide is synergistic with the biochar, a better adsorption and solidification effect can be achieved, and the heavy metal solidification effect is further enhanced.
Optionally, the cementing material comprises a mixture of 1: (0.3-0.5) cement and water glass.
By adopting the technical scheme, the cement in the part is replaced by the water glass serving as the mineral binder, so that the cementing material can play a role of the cementing material, the problem of poor fly ash solidification effect caused by the influence of heavy metal on cement hydration is further solved, and the applicant finds that the cementing material serving as the mineral binder also has a certain stabilizing effect on dioxin. And the water glass is selected for solidification, so that a certain volume shrinkage effect is achieved, and the volume increase ratio is reduced.
Optionally, the chelating agent is selected from one or more of aminotrimethylene methylene phosphonic acid, 2-phosphonic butane-1, 2, 4-tricarboxylic acid and organic sulfur chelating agent.
Optionally, the chelating agent is selected from the following components in a mass ratio of 1: (3-5) aminotrimethylenephosphorothioic acid with an organosulfur chelating agent.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the chelating agent is selected from the two substances, particularly the addition of the amino trimethylene phosphonic acid can play a good complexing role, and the chelating agent can have a better stabilizing effect on heavy metals and dioxin probably due to the combined action of the amino trimethylene phosphonic acid and oxygen-containing functional groups of graphene oxide.
Alternatively, the biochar loaded with graphene oxide is prepared by the following steps:
dissolving graphene oxide in water with the volume multiple of 2-3, then soaking the biochar in the graphene oxide solution, and drying to obtain the graphene oxide-loaded biochar.
By adopting the technical scheme, the biological carbon is soaked in the graphene oxide solution, so that the loading of the biological carbon with a porous structure on the graphene oxide is realized.
Optionally, the biochar is soaked in the graphene oxide solution and dried, and then heated at the temperature of 120-150 ℃ for 30-50 min.
By adopting the technical scheme, the graphene oxide loaded in the biochar is in a transition conversion state of the graphene oxide and the reduced graphene oxide by heating treatment at the temperature, and the obtained modified biochar has a better treatment effect.
Optionally, the biochar is further subjected to a pretreatment operation before being soaked in the graphene oxide solution, and the pretreatment operation specifically comprises: soaking the biochar in ammonium bicarbonate solution, and drying at 60-75 deg.C for 20-40 min.
By adopting the technical scheme, the biochar is soaked in the ammonium bicarbonate pore forming agent solution and then dried, and the ammonium bicarbonate is decomposed to play a role of the pore forming agent, so that the specific surface area and the porosity of the biochar are increased, the load of graphene oxide is facilitated, and the treatment effect on the garbage fly ash is improved.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the application, the addition of the chelating agent, the hydrotalcite and the biochar loaded with the graphene oxide can realize the solidification of heavy metal on the incineration fly ash, so that the leaching rate of the heavy metal of the finally obtained solidified body is low, the dioxin content is greatly reduced, and the influence on the environment is reduced;
2. according to the application, the biochar loaded with the graphene oxide added in the treatment agent realizes complexing of heavy metal ions through surface adsorption, complexing of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface and other forms, the graphene oxide is loaded and filled in holes of the biochar, the contact area between the biochar and incineration fly ash is increased, the adsorption performance of the graphene oxide and the biochar are synergistic, a better adsorption and solidification effect can be achieved, and the treatment effect on the incineration fly ash is further enhanced;
3. in the application, the incineration fly ash is mixed with the treatment agent, so that the heavy metal is chelated and solidified by a chelating agent in the treatment agent, and then the cementing material is added, so that the influence of the heavy metal on cement hydration is prevented, and the problems that the solidification effect is reduced and the heavy metal dissolution amount is increased rapidly because the heavy metal inhibits the hydration reaction of the cement material are solved;
4. the cementing material in the application adopts water glass to replace part of cement, the water glass is used as an ore binder, the cementing material can play a role, the problem of poor fly ash solidification effect caused by the influence of heavy metal on cement hydration is further solved, and the applicant finds that the cementing material also has a certain stabilizing effect on dioxin as the ore binder. The water glass is selected for solidification, so that a certain volume shrinkage effect is achieved, and the volume increase ratio is reduced;
5 the chelating agent of the application is added with amino trimethylene methylene phosphonic acid, so that a good complexing effect can be achieved, and a better stabilizing effect on heavy metal and dioxin can be achieved due to the combined action of the amino trimethylene methylene phosphonic acid and oxygen-containing functional groups of graphene oxide.
Detailed Description
The present application is further described in detail with reference to the following examples, which are specifically illustrated by the following: the following examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer, and the starting materials used in the following examples are available from ordinary commercial sources unless otherwise specified.
In the following examples, organosulfur chelating agent was selected from organosulfur TMT-15.
The cement is P.O 42.5.5 Portland cement.
Example 1
A waste incineration treatment process comprises the following steps:
and (3) incineration: conveying the garbage in the garbage pool into an incinerator for incineration through a garbage crane, performing deodorization treatment in the process of conveying the garbage by crane, and introducing oxygen into the incinerator;
flue gas treatment: flue gas enters a semi-dry type spraying reaction tower, lime slurry is sprayed in the tower to carry out deacidification operation to obtain fly ash residues, and incinerated flue gas is adsorbed by active carbon and enters a bag-type dust collector after being subjected to lime to respectively obtain flue gas to be discharged and incinerated fly ash;
treatment of incineration fly ash: mixing and stirring the incineration fly ash and a treatment agent under the irradiation condition of a mercury lamp, adding a cementing material, adding water, stirring, forming a building block to obtain a solidified body, and then performing landfill post-treatment;
wherein the addition amount of the treatment agent is 5 wt% of the incineration fly ash, the addition amount of the cementing material is 15 wt% of the incineration fly ash, and the addition amount of the water is 30 wt% of the incineration fly ash;
the cementing material is cement and water glass with the mass ratio of 1: 0.3;
preparing the biochar loaded with the graphene oxide according to the following steps:
and (2) dissolving 20kg of graphene oxide in water with the volume multiple of 2, soaking 20kg of charcoal in the graphene oxide solution for 20min, and drying at 45 ℃ for 40min to obtain the graphene oxide-loaded charcoal.
The treatment agent is prepared by the following steps:
mixing and stirring 28kg of the biochar loaded with the graphene oxide prepared in the step, 15kg of chelating agent, 6kg of hydrotalcite and 5kg of nano titanium dioxide to obtain a treatment agent, wherein the chelating agent is aminotrimethylene methylene phosphonic acid; example 2
A waste incineration treatment process is carried out according to the method in the embodiment 1, and the difference is that the addition amount of a treatment agent is 8 wt% of the mass of incineration fly ash, the addition amount of a cementing material is 18 wt% of the mass of incineration fly ash, and the addition amount of water is 32 wt% of the mass of incineration fly ash;
the cementing material is cement and water glass with the mass ratio of 1: 0.4;
preparing the biochar loaded with the graphene oxide according to the following steps:
and (3) dissolving 30kg of graphene oxide in water with the volume multiple of 2, then soaking 30kg of charcoal in the graphene oxide solution for 30min, and drying at 50 ℃ for 30min to obtain the graphene oxide-loaded charcoal.
The treatment agent is prepared by the following steps:
mixing and stirring 30kg of the biochar loaded with the graphene oxide prepared in the step, 20kg of chelating agent, 10kg of hydrotalcite and 8kg of nano titanium dioxide to obtain a treatment agent, wherein the chelating agent is an organic sulfur chelating agent;
example 3
A waste incineration treatment process is carried out according to the method in the embodiment 1, and the difference is that the addition amount of a treatment agent is 12 wt% of the incineration fly ash, the addition amount of a cementing material is 22 wt% of the incineration fly ash, and the addition amount of water is 35 wt% of the incineration fly ash;
the cementing material is cement and water glass with the mass ratio of 1: 0.5;
preparing the biochar loaded with the graphene oxide according to the following steps:
dissolving 35kg of graphene oxide in water with a volume multiple of 3, then soaking 35kg of charcoal in the graphene oxide solution for 40min, and drying at 60 ℃ for 20min to obtain the graphene oxide-loaded charcoal.
The treatment agent is prepared by the following steps:
and mixing and stirring 35kg of the biochar loaded with the graphene oxide prepared in the step, 25kg of chelating agent, 15kg of hydrotalcite and 12kg of nano titanium dioxide to obtain a treatment agent, wherein the chelating agent is 2-phosphonic butane-1, 2, 4-tricarboxylic acid.
Example 4
A waste incineration treatment process is carried out according to the method in the embodiment 2, and the difference is that the chelating agent is selected from the following raw materials in a mass ratio of 1: 3 with an organic sulfur chelating agent.
Example 5
A waste incineration treatment process is carried out according to the method in the embodiment 2, and the difference is that the chelating agent is selected from the following raw materials in a mass ratio of 1: 5 with an organic sulfur chelating agent.
Example 6
A waste incineration process as in example 2 except that the chelating agent is aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid.
Example 7
A waste incineration treatment process is carried out according to the method in the embodiment 2, and is characterized in that cement is selected as a cementing material.
Example 8
A waste incineration treatment process, which is performed according to the method in the embodiment 2, except that in the preparation process of the graphene oxide loaded biochar, the biochar is soaked in a graphene oxide solution and dried, and then is heated at 120 ℃ for 50min to obtain the graphene oxide loaded biochar.
Example 9
A waste incineration treatment process, which is performed according to the method in the embodiment 2, except that in the preparation process of the graphene oxide loaded biochar, the biochar is soaked in a graphene oxide solution and dried, and then is heated at 150 ℃ for 30min to obtain the graphene oxide loaded biochar.
Example 10
A waste incineration treatment process, which is performed according to the method in the embodiment 2, except that in the preparation process of the graphene oxide loaded biochar, the biochar is soaked in a graphene oxide solution and dried, and then is heated at 135 ℃ for 40min to obtain the graphene oxide loaded biochar.
Example 11
A waste incineration treatment process, which is performed according to the method in embodiment 10, except that a pretreatment operation is performed before the biochar is soaked in the graphene oxide solution, and the pretreatment operation specifically comprises the following steps: soaking the biochar in an ammonium bicarbonate solution, and then drying at 75 ℃ for 20 min.
Example 12
A waste incineration treatment process, which is performed according to the method in embodiment 10, except that a pretreatment operation is performed before the biochar is soaked in the graphene oxide solution, and the pretreatment operation specifically comprises the following steps: soaking the biochar in an ammonium bicarbonate solution, and then drying at 60 ℃ for 40 min.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
A waste incineration treatment process was carried out in the same manner as in example 2, except that hydrotalcite was not added to the treatment agent.
Comparative example 2
A waste incineration treatment process, which is performed according to the method in the embodiment 2, and is characterized in that biochar loaded with graphene oxide is replaced with biochar in an equivalent manner in a treatment agent.
Comparative example 3
A waste incineration treatment process, which is performed according to the method in the embodiment 2, and is characterized in that the biochar loaded with graphene oxide is replaced with the activated carbon loaded with graphene oxide in an equivalent manner in a treatment agent.
Comparative example 4
A waste incineration treatment process, which is performed according to the method in the embodiment 2, and is characterized in that the biochar loaded with graphene oxide is equivalently replaced by diatomite loaded with graphene oxide in a treatment agent.
Comparative example 5
A waste incineration treatment process is carried out according to the method in the embodiment 2, and is characterized in that incineration fly ash, treatment agents and cementing materials are added together, and finally water is added to stir the blocks to obtain solidified bodies.
Comparative example 6
A waste incineration treatment process is carried out according to the method in the embodiment 2, and the difference is that the biochar loaded with graphene oxide is directly replaced by graphene oxide and biochar with the mass ratio of 1:1, and a treatment agent is obtained by directly mixing a chelating agent, hydrotalcite, nano titanium dioxide, graphene oxide and biochar.
Performance detection
The leaching concentration (mg/L) of heavy metals in the incineration fly ash solid waste in the application example 1 is detected, and the detection results are shown in the following table 1.
Table 1:
the solidified body obtained by the treatment provided in example 1 was also subjected to detection of the leaching concentration of heavy metals (mg/L), and the detection results are shown in table 2 below, and the degradation rate of dioxin after the treatment of example 1 was detected, where the degradation rate of dioxin is ((initial concentration of dioxin in incineration fly ash × mass of fly ash) - (concentration of dioxin in solidified body × mass of solidified body))/(initial concentration of dioxin in incineration fly ash × mass of fly ash) × 100%, and the degradation rate results of dioxin are shown in table 2 below.
Table 2:
the cured bodies obtained in the other examples and comparative examples were also examined for the degradation rates of total lead, total chromium, hexavalent chromium, fluoride, total copper, total nickel, total zinc, and dioxin, and the examination results are shown in the following table 3:
table 3:
as can be seen from the above tables 1 and 2, the method provided in the present application satisfies the requirement for the leaching concentration of the solidified body after the incineration fly ash solid waste treatment, and has a good solidification effect for heavy metals and dioxins.
Referring to the detection combination in the table 3, and referring to the detection results of the examples 2, 4-5 and 6, it can be seen that when the chelating agent is selected from aminotrimethylenemethylenephosphonic acid and an organic sulfur chelating agent, the treatment effect on incineration fly ash, especially heavy metals, is better; referring to the detection results of the embodiments 3 and 7, it can be seen that when the cement and the water glass are selected as the cementing material for compounding, the heavy metal chelating effect is better than that when the water glass is only adopted in the prior art;
referring to the detection results of the embodiment 2 and the embodiments 8-10, it can be seen that when the biochar is soaked in the graphene oxide solution for drying and is heated at a high temperature, the processing effect on heavy metals is better; by combining the detection results of the embodiments 11 to 12, it can be seen that the operation of the biochar before pore-forming treatment can further improve the treatment effect of the biochar loaded with graphene oxide on heavy metals;
referring to the test results of example 2 and comparative example 1, it can be seen that the addition of the hydrotalcite in the treatment agent can significantly enhance the treatment effect on the incineration fly ash solid waste; the results of the tests of comparative examples 2 to 4 are combined, and it can be seen that the treatment effect is greatly reduced when only activated carbon is directly added in comparative example 2, while the treatment effect is poor when the biochar is replaced by common activated carbon and the graphene oxide is loaded by diatomite in comparative examples 3 and 4; referring again to the test results in comparative example 5, it can be seen that the treatment effect is poor when the treatment agent is added simultaneously with the cement. Referring again to the test results of example 2 and comparative example 6, it can be seen that the treatment effect is reduced when the graphene oxide and the biochar are directly mixed and stirred in the treatment agent without the loading operation.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. A waste incineration treatment process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
and (3) refuse incineration: burning the garbage, wherein oxygen is introduced in the burning process;
the incineration flue gas is subjected to activated carbon adsorption and lime slurry spraying deacidification to obtain discharged flue gas and incineration fly ash;
mixing and stirring the incineration fly ash and a treatment agent under the condition of a mercury lamp or ultraviolet light, then adding a cementing material, and finally adding water and stirring to obtain a solidified body after building blocks are formed;
the treatment agent is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
15-25 parts of chelating agent, 6-15 parts of hydrotalcite, 5-12 parts of nano titanium dioxide and 28-35 parts of biochar loaded with graphene oxide.
2. The waste incineration disposal process according to claim 1, wherein: the cementing material comprises the following components in percentage by mass of 1: (0.3-0.5) cement and water glass.
3. The waste incineration disposal process according to claim 1, wherein: the chelating agent is one or more of amino trimethylene phosphonic acid, 2-phosphonic butane-1, 2, 4-tricarboxylic acid and organic sulfur chelating agent.
4. The waste incineration disposal process according to claim 1, wherein: the chelating agent is selected from the following components in a mass ratio of 1: (3-5) aminotrimethylenephosphorothioic acid with an organosulfur chelating agent.
5. The waste incineration disposal process according to claim 1, wherein: the biochar loaded with the graphene oxide is prepared by the following steps:
dissolving graphene oxide in water with the volume multiple of 2-3, then soaking the biochar in the graphene oxide solution, and drying to obtain the graphene oxide-loaded biochar.
6. The waste incineration disposal process according to claim 5, wherein: and soaking the biochar in a graphene oxide solution, drying, and heating at the temperature of 120-150 ℃ for 30-50 min.
7. The waste incineration disposal process according to claim 5, wherein: the method is characterized in that the pretreatment operation is also carried out before the biochar is soaked in the graphene oxide solution, and the pretreatment operation is as follows: soaking the biochar in ammonium bicarbonate solution, and drying at 60-75 deg.C for 20-40 min.
8. The waste incineration disposal process according to claim 1, wherein: the additive amount of the treatment agent is 5-12% of the incineration fly ash;
the addition amount of the cementing material is 15-22% of the incineration fly ash;
the addition amount of water is 30-35% of the mass of the incineration fly ash.
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