CN114320297A - Steep dip thin ore vein large diameter deep hole mining method - Google Patents

Steep dip thin ore vein large diameter deep hole mining method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114320297A
CN114320297A CN202210016714.6A CN202210016714A CN114320297A CN 114320297 A CN114320297 A CN 114320297A CN 202210016714 A CN202210016714 A CN 202210016714A CN 114320297 A CN114320297 A CN 114320297A
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China
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ore
stope
vein
holes
mining
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CN202210016714.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
谢俊
朱青凌
王建海
***
王宜勇
王亚军
李晓辉
李伟明
张海云
张宝
***
刘东锐
盛佳
喻威
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Inner Mongolia Baotou Xinda Gold Mining Industry Co ltd
Changsha Institute of Mining Research Co Ltd
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Inner Mongolia Baotou Xinda Gold Mining Industry Co ltd
Changsha Institute of Mining Research Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202210016714.6A priority Critical patent/CN114320297A/en
Publication of CN114320297A publication Critical patent/CN114320297A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

The invention provides a method for mining a steep dip thin ore vein large-diameter deep hole, which comprises the following steps: s1, collecting and cutting: arranging a stope along the trend of the ore body of the steeply inclined thin vein, arranging a vein-following transportation roadway outside the vein and along the trend of the ore body, wherein the top of the stope is provided with a rock drilling chamber along the trend of the ore body, and the bottom of the stope is provided with an ore receiving roadway along the trend of the ore body; a cutting raise which is communicated with the drilling chamber is arranged in the middle of the stope; a plurality of ore removal vein-penetrating roadways which are arranged at intervals are arranged between the ore receiving roadway and the vein-following transportation roadway; s2, stoping: chiseling downward parallel deep holes in the rock drilling chamber, performing retreat type stoping from the middle of a stope to two ends during stoping, adopting a lateral ore caving process, and performing hole bottom blasting on the downward parallel deep holes arranged on the boundary of the stope by adopting interval powder charging and a Z-shaped blasting process; and S3, falling the collapsed ore into an ore receiving roadway, and transporting and removing the ore. The invention improves the production capacity of the stope, reduces the labor intensity of construction operators and reduces the safety risk in the production process.

Description

Steep dip thin ore vein large diameter deep hole mining method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steeply inclined thin ore mining, in particular to a method for mining a steep inclined thin ore vein large-diameter deep hole.
Background
A steeply dipping thin ore body generally refers to an ore body with an inclination angle of more than 50 deg., and an ore body thickness of less than 5 m. At present, shallow hole shrinkage method and wall cutting filling method are mostly adopted for mining the steeply inclined thin ore body by integrating the mining experiences of nonferrous mines, gold mines and uranium mines at home and abroad, wherein: the shallow hole shrinkage method is suitable for mining the ore body which is not easy to agglomerate and is stable in ore rock and has the thickness of more than 2m and the inclination angle of more than 50 degrees; when the thickness of the ore body is 0.8-1.5m, the wall cutting filling method is mostly adopted. However, the shallow hole shrinkage method has the problems of small production capacity, high difficulty in controlling the boundary of a stope and the like in the mining process, the mining method is high in production cost and labor intensity, and great potential safety hazards exist when the method is continuously adopted for mining areas with steeply inclined narrow ore veins with broken ore rock conditions.
In view of the above, there is a need for an improved method of deep hole mining with steep dip thin seam and large diameter to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for mining a steep dip thin vein large-diameter deep hole, which solves the technical problems of large blasting clamping effect, poor safe operation condition, low mining efficiency and the like in high subsection stoping of the steep dip thin vein.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a steep dip thin ore vein large-diameter deep hole mining method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting and cutting: the mining method comprises the following steps of arranging a stope along the trend of an ore body of a steeply inclined thin ore vein, arranging a vein-following transportation roadway outside the vein and along the trend of the ore body, wherein the top of the stope is provided with a rock drilling chamber along the trend of the ore body, and the bottom of the stope is provided with an ore receiving roadway along the trend of the ore body; a cutting raise which is communicated with the drilling chamber is arranged in the middle of the stope; a plurality of ore removal vein-penetrating roadways which are arranged at intervals are arranged between the ore receiving roadway and the vein-following transportation roadway;
s2, stoping: chiseling downward parallel deep holes in the rock drilling chamber, performing retreat type stoping from the middle of the stope to two ends during stoping, adopting a lateral ore caving process, and performing hole bottom blasting on the downward parallel deep holes arranged on the boundary of the stope by adopting interval powder charging and a Z-shaped blasting process;
and S3, the collapsed ore falls into the ore receiving roadway, and enters a stope for ore removal through the ore removal vein-penetrating roadway and the vein-following transportation roadway.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S2, the cutting shaft near the cutting raise is blasted to form a cutting groove, and then the cutting groove is used as a free surface and the compensation space is blasted backwards in sequence in sections.
As a further improvement of the method, in step S2, the downward parallel deep holes include boundary explosive charge blast holes and shock absorption side holes distributed on the boundary of the ore body, and internal explosive charge blast holes distributed inside the stope, and no explosive charge is filled in the shock absorption side holes to serve as compensation spaces, slotted holes and shock absorption holes.
As a further improvement of the method, the boundary explosive-filled blasting holes and the damping side holes of each boundary are distributed at intervals, the boundary explosive-filled blasting holes of the two boundaries are distributed in a crossed mode, and the pitch of the boundary explosive-filled blasting holes is 3 m.
As a further improvement of the method, the depth of the downward parallel deep hole is 30-35 m.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S2, two detonating tube detonators are loaded into the hole bottom initiator to perform hole bottom initiation during ore caving.
As a further improvement of the method, in step S1, the stope further includes a top pillar disposed above the drilling chamber, and studs disposed at both ends of the stope, and a region between the two studs is a to-be-mined area of the stope.
As a further improvement of the method, in step S1, pedestrian ventilation shafts are respectively arranged between the studs at the two ends and the area to be mined, and the two ends of each pedestrian ventilation shaft respectively penetrate through the drilling chamber and the mine receiving roadway.
As a further improvement of the method, in step S1, the steeply inclined thin vein has an inclination greater than 75 ° and a thickness of 3-5 m; the height of the middle section of the stope is 40m, and the height of the drilling chamber is 3-3.5 m.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S1, the thickness of the stud is 6m, and the thickness of the top stud is 3 to 5 m.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a steep dip thin vein large-diameter deep hole mining method, which aims at the technical problem of steep dip thin vein mining, provides a steep dip thin vein deep hole reinforced stoping technology, applies small micro rock drilling equipment and ore removal equipment, and is matched with an efficient stage deep hole mining method, so that the technical problems of large blasting clamping effect, poor safe operation condition and the like in thin vein high-subsection stoping are solved. The method has the advantages of improving the production capacity of the stope, reducing the labor intensity of construction operators and the safety risk in the process, controlling the lean loss index well, effectively improving the safe production operation environment of the stope, having remarkable economic and social benefits, being capable of being popularized and applied to the same type of mines and having wide application prospect.
2. According to the invention, through the technologies of Z-shaped cloth initiation and peripheral large-aperture blast hole damping, the blasting vibration is reduced, dilution loss caused by collapse of surrounding rock is avoided, good blasting bulkiness is obtained, blasting disturbance is reduced, the stope boundary is protected, the dilution rate of the stope is reduced, and efficient blasting in narrow-vein mining is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the stope layout structure of the present invention along the direction of the ore body.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure in the direction II-II (thickness direction of the ore body) in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure in the III-III direction in FIG. 1.
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view at the drilling chamber of figure 1.
Reference numerals
1-a top pillar; 2-a rock drilling chamber; 3-pedestrian ventilation patio; 4-a mine receiving roadway; 5-ore caving; 6-downward parallel deep holes; 61-boundary charge blast holes; 62-shock absorption side holes; 63-inner charge blast hole; 7-stud; 8-vein-following haulage roadway; 9-ore removal vein-crossing laneway; 10-cutting the raise; 11-ore body boundary.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
It should be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention with unnecessary details, only the structures and/or processing steps closely related to the scheme of the present invention are shown in the specific embodiments, and other details not closely related to the present invention are omitted.
In addition, it is also to be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present invention provides a method for mining a steep dip thin seam large diameter deep hole, comprising the following steps:
s1, collecting and cutting: a stope is arranged along the trend of the ore body of the steeply inclined thin ore vein, a vein-following transportation roadway 8 is arranged outside the vein and along the trend of the ore body, a rock drilling chamber 2 along the trend of the ore body is arranged at the top of the stope, and an ore receiving roadway 4 along the trend of the ore body is arranged at the bottom of the stope; a cutting raise 10 communicated with the drilling chamber 2 is arranged in the middle of the stope; a plurality of ore removal vein-penetrating roadways 9 which are arranged at intervals are arranged between the ore receiving roadway 4 and the vein-following transportation roadway 8; corresponding support measures are taken according to the stability of the drilling chamber 2, spray anchor support is adopted when the drilling chamber is unstable, and a wood pillar or a hydraulic pillar is supported at a local position when necessary.
In one particular embodiment, the stope structure parameters are: the inclination of the steeply inclined thin vein is more than 75 degrees, and the thickness is 3-5 m. The stope is arranged along the trend of the ore body of the steeply inclined thin ore vein and is 50m long. The height of the middle section of the stope is 40m, and the height of the drilling chamber 2 is 3-3.5 m.
In particular, the stope further comprises a top pillar 1 arranged above the drilling chamber 2 and studs 7 arranged at two ends of the stope, and the area between the two studs 7 is a to-be-mined area of the stope. The thickness of the intermediate column 7 is 6m, and the thickness of the top column 1 is 3-5m (if the goaf can be filled in time, the top column can not be left according to the middle section stoping sequence mined from bottom to top, and the ore recovery rate can be improved).
Pedestrian ventilation shafts 3 are respectively arranged between the pillars 7 between the two ends and the area to be mined, and the two ends of each pedestrian ventilation shaft 3 respectively penetrate through the drilling chamber 2 and the mine receiving roadway 4.
S2, stoping: using a down-the-hole rock drill to drill downward parallel deep holes 6 in the rock drilling chamber 2, performing backward mining from the middle of a stope to two ends during mining, adopting a lateral ore caving process, and performing hole bottom blasting on the downward parallel deep holes 6 arranged on the boundary of the stope by adopting spaced charging (axial non-coupled charging) and a Z-type blasting process; the method is beneficial to controlling the single blasting explosive quantity, reducing blasting disturbance, protecting stope boundaries and reducing dilution rate of the stope.
Specifically, referring to fig. 4, the downward parallel deep hole 6 includes a boundary charge blast hole 61 and a shock absorbing side hole 62 disposed in the boundary 11 of the ore body, and an inner charge blast hole 63 disposed in the interior of the stope. The boundary explosive-filled blasting holes 61 and the damping side holes 62 on each boundary are distributed at intervals, the boundary explosive-filled blasting holes 61 on the two boundaries are distributed in a crossed mode, and the pitch of the boundary explosive-filled blasting holes 61 is 3 m. The depth of the downward parallel deep hole 6 is 30-35m, and the row spacing is 1.5 m.
The Z-type detonation process specifically comprises the following steps:
1. arranging blast holes according to the thickness of an ore body, wherein the explosive-charging blast holes are arranged in a Z shape, the row spacing is 1.5m, and the hole spacing is 3.0 m;
2. arranging damping side holes along the boundary of the ore body between the explosive-filled blast holes, wherein the damping side holes are not filled with explosive and serve as compensation spaces/cut holes and damping holes;
3. the detonation adopts a hole-by-hole Z-shaped detonation mode, and the powder is charged in a coupling mode, so that the damage of blasting to surrounding rock is reduced, the stoping dilution is reduced, and the micro-difference between holes is more than 75-100 ms;
4. and the initiation adopts hole bottom initiation.
Aiming at the problems of large blasting vibration, high dilution loss, imbalance of blasting bulk and the like in the steep thin-vein deep-hole blasting technology, the invention develops the narrow-vein Z-type blasting and side-hole damping blasting technology, reduces blasting vibration through the technologies of Z-type cloth blasting, peripheral large-aperture blast hole damping and the like, avoids dilution loss caused by collapse of surrounding rocks, obtains good blasting bulk and realizes efficient blasting in narrow-vein mining.
Particularly, when in ore caving, two detonating tube detonators are loaded into a hole bottom detonator to carry out hole bottom detonation, the cutting well near the patio 10 is firstly blasted and cut to draw a groove blast hole so as to form a cutting groove, and then the cutting groove is taken as a free surface and the compensation space is blasted backwards in sequence in sections.
S3, the collapsed ore falls into an ore receiving roadway 4, and the ore enters a stope for ore removal through an ore removal vein penetrating roadway 9 and a vein-following transportation roadway 8 by using a scraper.
By adopting the mining method provided by the invention to carry out the stoping of the steeply inclined thin vein, the following technical and economic indexes can be realized:
ore block productivity: 200 t/d;
comprehensive loss rate: 13 percent;
and (3) comprehensive depletion rate: 15 percent;
the mining-cutting ratio of thousand tons: 10.43 m/kt.
Therefore, compared with the prior art, the production capacity of the ore blocks is obviously improved, and the comprehensive dilution rate is obviously reduced.
In conclusion, the steeply inclined thin ore vein large-diameter deep hole mining method provided by the invention has the advantages that the downward parallel medium-length holes are distributed, so that the production capacity of a stope is improved, the labor intensity of construction operators and the safety risk in the process are reduced, and the safe production operation environment of the stope is effectively improved; through laying boundary powder charge blast hole and shock attenuation boundary hole at ore body boundary interval, inside powder charge blast hole is laid to stope inside, during the blasting, do not pack powder in the shock attenuation boundary hole, as compensation space, cut out hole and shock attenuation hole, thereby can be through Z type cloth detonating and peripheral large aperture big gun hole shock attenuation technique, reduce the blasting vibration, avoid the country rock to slump and cause the loss of impoverishing, acquire good blasting bulk density, reduce the blasting disturbance, protection stope boundary, reduce the stope and impoverish the rate, realize the high-efficient blasting in the narrow ore vein exploitation. Therefore, the mining method overcomes the problems of small production capacity, high labor intensity, poor safe operation condition and the like of a shallow hole shrinkage method, has high production capacity, safe operation, low comprehensive production cost and better lean loss index control, effectively improves the safe production operation environment of a stope, has remarkable economic and social benefits, can be popularized and applied to the same type of mines, and has wide application prospect.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for mining a steep thin ore vein large-diameter deep hole is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, collecting and cutting: the mining method comprises the following steps that a stope is arranged along the trend of an ore body of a steeply inclined thin ore vein, a vein-following transportation roadway (8) is arranged outside the vein and along the trend of the ore body, a rock drilling chamber (2) along the trend of the ore body is arranged at the top of the stope, and an ore receiving roadway (4) along the trend of the ore body is arranged at the bottom of the stope; a cutting raise (10) communicated with the drilling chamber (2) is arranged in the middle of the stope; a plurality of ore removal vein-penetrating roadways (9) which are arranged at intervals are arranged between the ore receiving roadway (4) and the vein-following transportation roadway (8);
s2, stoping: chiseling downward parallel deep holes (6) in the rock drilling chamber (2), performing retreat type stoping from the middle of the stope to two ends during stoping, adopting a lateral ore caving process, and performing hole bottom blasting on the downward parallel deep holes (6) arranged on the boundary of the stope by adopting interval charging and a Z-shaped blasting process;
s3, the collapsed ore falls into the ore receiving roadway (4), and enters a stope for ore removal through the ore removal vein penetrating roadway (9) and the vein-following transportation roadway (8).
2. The heavy dipping thin vein large diameter deep hole mining method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the cutting shaft beside the cutting raise (10) is blasted first to form a cutting groove, and then the cutting groove is used as a free surface and the compensation space is blasted backwards in sequence in sections.
3. The method of steep thin vein large diameter hole mining according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the downward parallel deep holes (6) comprise boundary charge blast holes (61) and shock absorbing side holes (62) arranged at the boundary (11) of the ore body, and inner charge blast holes (63) arranged inside the stope, and the shock absorbing side holes (62) are filled with no charge and serve as compensation space, undercut holes and shock absorbing holes.
4. The method for mining high-diameter deep holes in steep thin mines according to claim 3, wherein the boundary explosive charge blast holes (61) and the shock absorption side holes (62) of each boundary are arranged at intervals, the boundary explosive charge blast holes (61) of two boundaries are arranged in a crossed manner, and the pitch of the boundary explosive charge blast holes (61) is 3 m.
5. A method of steep thin vein large diameter deep hole mining according to claim 3, characterized in that the depth of the downward parallel deep hole (6) is 30-35 m.
6. The method for heavy dipping thin seam large diameter deep hole mining according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, two detonating tube detonators are loaded into a hole bottom primer for hole bottom blasting during ore caving.
7. The method of steep thin vein large diameter longhole mining according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S1, the stope further comprises a top pillar (1) arranged above the drilling chamber (2), and studs (7) arranged at both ends of the stope, the area between two studs (7) being the area to be mined of the stope.
8. The method of large-diameter deep hole mining of steep thin vein according to claim 7, characterized in that in step S1, pedestrian ventilation shafts (3) are respectively provided between the pillars (7) at both ends and the area to be mined, and both ends of the pedestrian ventilation shafts (3) respectively penetrate the drilling chamber (2) and the mine receiving roadway (4).
9. The method of large diameter deep hole mining of steeply dipping thin veins according to claim 1 wherein in step S1, the steeply dipping thin veins are inclined more than 75 ° and 3-5m thick; the height of the middle section of the stope is 40m, and the height of the drilling chamber (2) is 3-3.5 m.
10. The heavy dipping thin vein large diameter longhole mining method according to claim 7, wherein the thickness of the stud (7) is 6m and the thickness of the top stud (1) is 3-5m in step S1.
CN202210016714.6A 2022-01-05 2022-01-05 Steep dip thin ore vein large diameter deep hole mining method Pending CN114320297A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114856563A (en) * 2022-06-02 2022-08-05 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 Dead-weight ore-falling mining method for deep-hole pre-cracked ore in downward stage of broken ore rock
CN115450627A (en) * 2022-08-30 2022-12-09 深圳市中金岭南有色金属股份有限公司凡口铅锌矿 VCR method top layer and bottom column breaking simultaneous stoping method
CN115680663A (en) * 2023-01-03 2023-02-03 矿冶科技集团有限公司 Mining method for steeply-inclined broken ore body

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CN113513954A (en) * 2021-07-14 2021-10-19 中国华冶科工集团有限公司 Boundary control blasting method for underground mine deep hole stope

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114856563A (en) * 2022-06-02 2022-08-05 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 Dead-weight ore-falling mining method for deep-hole pre-cracked ore in downward stage of broken ore rock
CN115450627A (en) * 2022-08-30 2022-12-09 深圳市中金岭南有色金属股份有限公司凡口铅锌矿 VCR method top layer and bottom column breaking simultaneous stoping method
CN115680663A (en) * 2023-01-03 2023-02-03 矿冶科技集团有限公司 Mining method for steeply-inclined broken ore body
CN115680663B (en) * 2023-01-03 2023-02-28 矿冶科技集团有限公司 Mining method for steeply-inclined broken ore body

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