CN114320265A - Well leakage early detection method based on underground engineering parameter measurement - Google Patents
Well leakage early detection method based on underground engineering parameter measurement Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a lost circulation detection method in the field of petroleum drilling, in particular to a lost circulation early detection method based on underground engineering parameter measurement, which can timely find early loss according to the change condition of characteristic parameters of the lost circulation and the change condition of underground engineering parameters measured while drilling when the loss occurs, and reduce the loss of physical slurry loss, and comprises the following specific steps: collecting data, and preliminarily determining the depth range and lithology of the leakage; according to the flowing characteristics of the lost circulation when the lost circulation occurs, calculating a model of the lost circulation characteristic parameters, and according to the ground input data, simulating and calculating a characteristic parameter graph when the lost circulation occurs and a characteristic parameter graph when the drilling is normally performed; step three, acquiring real-time characteristic parameters; inputting the underground while-drilling data measured by the while-drilling measurement system into software to form a real-time data monitoring graph; step four, determining a leakage judgment criterion; and (4) sorting and drawing the data obtained in the first to third steps to obtain a measurement and prediction parameter comparison graph, and performing leakage judgment, early warning and alarm on the result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a lost circulation detection method in the field of petroleum drilling, in particular to a lost circulation early detection method based on underground engineering parameter measurement.
Background
Lost circulation is a complex downhole condition in which various working fluids (including drilling fluid, cement slurry and completion fluid) flow into a formation under the action of pressure difference during drilling and downhole operation, and is one of the most common technical problems in the drilling process. Lost circulation presents a significant hazard: the leakage causes a large amount of working fluid to leak into the stratum, directly causes huge material loss, delays the drilling time and prolongs the drilling period; lost circulation can also damage the productivity of the reservoir, interfere with geological logging operations, and even cause various downhole complications such as sticking, blowout, and collapse. Therefore, the method has great significance for early detection and identification of the lost circulation.
At present, the leakage layer identification technology which is widely applied mainly has two types: the first is an observation experience method which is mainly applied to a drilling construction site, namely, the drilling position and the leaking layer property are determined by comprehensively analyzing the drilling situation, the rock debris logging situation and the drilling liquid level change situation by mainly direct observation and combining the pump amount parameter in the drilling process and the drilling fluid performance change situation during well killing and well testing. However, the method is suitable for the conditions that the leakage horizon is single and the pressure system of the open hole well section is simple, and for the formations with multiple pressure series and complex leakage conditions, the leakage horizon identification is difficult to effectively carry out by an observation experience method. The second is a hydrodynamic test method, the basic principle of which is hydrodynamic characteristics of the damage of the lost circulation to the drilling fluid, such as the change of the drilling fluid annulus return speed and the change of the riser pressure, based on which, the related scholars study the drilling fluid positive and negative circulation test method, the drilling fluid late time calculation method, and the test method of the change of the pump pressure (riser pressure) before and after the lost circulation to identify. The method can accurately identify the lost circulation, but the hydrodynamic characteristics are greatly influenced by the performance of the drilling fluid and are limited by the flowing speed of the drilling fluid, so that the response and measurement time is long, the timely treatment of the lost circulation is influenced, and the loss is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, effectively obtains the pressure of an underground inner pipe, the annular pressure and the annular temperature based on the real-time measurement capability of an underground engineering parameter measurement system, compares, analyzes, judges and identifies the lost circulation by combining a simulation value calculated based on a ground injection parameter, provides an underground engineering parameter measurement-based lost circulation early detection method, can quickly judge the lost circulation and provides a basis for treating the lost circulation as early as possible.
The technical scheme is as follows:
the well leakage early detection method based on underground engineering parameter measurement specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting data, and preliminarily determining the depth range and lithology of the leakage; preliminarily defining the depth range of the leakage and the lithology of the stratum developed in the depth range according to the well history data and the logging comprehensive record data;
step two: according to the flowing characteristics of the lost circulation when the lost circulation occurs, a shaft parameter calculation model, in particular to a lost circulation characteristic parameter calculation model is established, and a theoretical basis is provided for shaft parameter calculation;
on the basis of a calculation model of the well leakage characteristic parameters, simulating and calculating a characteristic parameter graph when leakage occurs and a characteristic parameter graph when normal drilling occurs according to ground input data; the simulation calculation comprises the calculation of loss velocity, the calculation of wellbore pressure in loss and the calculation of internal and external pressure difference in loss;
step three: obtaining real-time characteristic parameters; inputting the underground while-drilling data measured by the while-drilling measurement system into software to form a real-time data monitoring graph;
step four: determining a loss judgment criterion; and (4) sorting and drawing the data obtained in the first to third steps to obtain a measurement and prediction parameter comparison graph, and performing leakage judgment, early warning and alarm on the result.
Preferably, the specific explanation and calculation process in the step one are as follows:
calculating the loss rate
Calculating the leakage velocity by intersecting the annular pressure calculation equations above and below the leakage point, wherein the pressure calculation equations above and below the leakage point are as follows:
Qdischarge capacity＝QVolume of lost circulation+QDisplacement above leak point (3)
In the formula
PAnnular leak sourceIs the annulus pressure at the leak point, MPa;
Pformation pressureIs the formation pressure at the leak point, MPa;
vdischarge capacityThe annulus flow velocity below the leak point, m/s;
vleak rateThe leakage flow rate at the leakage point is m/s;
vannular velocity above leak pointThe annulus flow velocity above the leak point is m/s;
rho is drilling fluid density, kg/m3；
HDepth of leakageIs the well depth of the leak point, m;
g is the acceleration of gravity, m/s2。
QDischarge capacityIs the ground input displacement, m3/s；
QVolume of lost circulationIs the leak-off into the formation flow, m3/s；
QDisplacement above leak pointIs the annulus flow above the leak point, m3/s；
SAnnular spaceIs the annular area, m2；
SLeakage pointIs the area of the leak point, m2。
The loss rate is obtained by iterative calculation based on the equation
Wellbore pressure calculation
Inner pipe pressure
Pressure below annulus leak point
Pressure above annular leak point
In the formula
ΔPInner pipeIs the pressure loss of the inner tube, MPa;
ΔPbelow annular leak pointIs the loss of annular pressure below the leakage point, MPa;
ΔPabove annular leak pointIs the annular pressure loss above the leak point, MPa;
fwlthe friction coefficient is dimensionless;
Dinner pipeIs the inner tube diameter, m;
Δ L is the tube length, m;
n' is a flow pattern index, dimensionless;
re is Reynolds number, dimensionless.
In the formula fwlThe calculation method of the friction coefficient during turbulent flow and laminar flow and transitional flow refers to the relevant monographs of non-Newtonian fluid mechanics.
Calculating the difference between internal and external pressures
ΔPDownhole simulation＝PInner tube simulation-PAnnulus simulation (11)
In the formula
ΔPDownhole simulationIs the inside and outside pressure difference of analog calculation, MPa;
Pinner tube simulationIs the inner tube pressure of analog calculation, MPa;
Pannulus simulationIs the outer tube pressure of analog calculation, MPa;
preferably, the parameters of the second step of calculating the leakage time and the normal drilling time according to the ground input data include injection discharge capacity, return discharge capacity, injection density, drilling fluid viscosity, dynamic-plastic ratio, static shear force, dynamic shear force, six-speed viscometer degree, pump pressure and vertical pressure.
Preferably, the simulation of monitoring in the second step and the map of the ground parameter change route comprise vertical pressure, simulated annular pressure, simulated vertical pressure and simulated internal and external pressure difference.
Preferably, the real-time data monitoring version formed by the input software in the third step comprises inner tube pressure, annular pressure, internal and external pressure difference and annular temperature.
Preferably, the internal and external pressure difference calculation formula in step three is as follows:
ΔPdownhole survey＝PInner tube measurement-PAnnulus surveying (12)
In the formula:
ΔPdownhole surveyIs the internal and external pressure difference obtained by measurement, MPa;
Pinner tube measurementIs the measured inner tube pressure, MPa;
Pannulus surveyingIs the measured outer tube pressure, MPa;
preferably, the specific method for identifying the leakage layer and analyzing the leakage mechanism by obtaining the measurement and prediction comparison graph in the fourth step is that the judgment is carried out according to the predicted values and the calculated values of the pressure of the inner pipe and the annular space and the pressure difference between the inside and the outside in the measurement and prediction comparison graph:
when P is presentAnnulus surveying≈PAnnulus simulation normalityNormally drilling;
when P is presentAnnulus surveying＜PAnnulus simulation normality：
If Δ PDownhole survey≈ΔPDownhole simulationAnd the variation trend of the actually measured annular pressure monitoring graph is consistent with that of the annular pressure graph when the simulated lost circulation occurs, and the downhole temperature is suddenly changed, so that the downhole lost circulation can be considered to occur.
In the formula
PAnnulus simulation normalityThe outer pipe pressure in normal drilling is simulated and calculated, namely MPa;
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method is based on the real-time measurement capability of the underground engineering parameter measurement system, effectively obtains the pressure of an underground inner pipe, the annular pressure and the annular temperature, and compares, analyzes, judges and identifies the lost circulation by combining a simulation value calculated based on the ground injection parameter. The method can quickly judge the lost circulation and provide a basis for making a drilling construction scheme and a leakage prevention and stopping scheme.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of leak identification for an early lost circulation detection method based on downhole engineering parameter measurements according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a real-time monitoring and evaluation chart of an embodiment of the method for early detection of lost circulation based on downhole engineering parameter measurement of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to the accompanying drawings 1 to 2 in the specification, the embodiment of the invention provides a lost circulation early detection method based on underground engineering parameter measurement, which comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting data, and primarily determining the depth range and lithology of the leakage. According to the well history data and the logging comprehensive record data, the depth range of the leakage occurrence and the lithology of the stratum developed in the depth range are preliminarily determined.
Step two: and calculating characteristic parameters including inner pipe pressure, annular pressure, inner and outer pressure differences and temperature at the measuring point when leakage occurs and normal drilling occurs by using ground input data (injection discharge capacity, return discharge capacity, injection density, drilling fluid viscosity, dynamic-plastic ratio, static shear force, dynamic shear force, six-speed viscometer degree, pump pressure and vertical pressure).
In this step, the fundamental characteristic parameters of the leak occurrence are the inner tube pressure, the annular pressure and the pressure difference between the two, and the temperature is also a reference parameter.
The specific calculation method is as follows:
pressure of inner pipe during normal drilling
And during normal drilling, the pressure of the inner pipe is calculated by adopting a mature hydraulics model to obtain the pressure inside the drill string at the depth of the measuring point.
② annulus pressure during normal drilling
And when the drill bit normally drills, calculating the annular pressure of the drill column at the depth of the measuring point by adopting a mature hydraulics model.
③ pressure difference between inside and outside during normal drilling
The internal and external pressure difference during normal drilling refers to the difference between the inner pipe pressure and the annular pressure during normal drilling.
Inner pipe pressure during well leakage
And the pressure of the inner pipe during the well leakage is calculated according to the calculation model of the pressure of the shaft during the well leakage to obtain the pressure inside the drill string at the depth of the measuring point.
Annulus pressure during lost circulation
And the annular pressure during the well leakage is calculated according to the calculation model of the wellbore pressure during the well leakage to obtain the annular pressure of the drill string at the depth of the measuring point.
Pressure difference between inside and outside during well leakage
The internal and external pressure difference during the well leakage refers to the difference between the internal pipe pressure and the annular pressure during the well leakage.
On the basis of a calculation model of the well leakage characteristic parameters, simulating and calculating a characteristic parameter graph when leakage occurs and a characteristic parameter graph when normal drilling occurs according to ground input data; the simulation calculation comprises the calculation of the leakage speed, the calculation of the pressure of the shaft in the leakage process and the calculation of the internal and external pressure difference in the leakage process.
Step three: obtaining real-time characteristic parameters; and (3) inputting the underground while-drilling data measured by the while-drilling measurement system into software to form a real-time data monitoring graph.
Step four: and (4) sorting and drawing the data obtained in the first to third steps to obtain a measurement and prediction comparison graph, and performing leakage judgment, early warning and alarm on the result.
The specific method for identifying the leakage layer by obtaining the measurement and prediction comparison graph and analyzing the leakage mechanism comprises the following steps of judging according to predicted values and calculated values of inner pipe and annular pressure and internal and external pressure difference in the measurement and prediction comparison graph:
when P is presentAnnulus surveying≈PAnnulus simulation normalityNormally drilling;
when P is presentAnnulus surveying＜PAnnular hollow mouldPseudo-normal：
If Δ PDownhole survey≈ΔPDownhole simulationAnd the variation trend of the actually measured annular pressure monitoring graph is consistent with that of the annular pressure graph when the simulated lost circulation occurs, and the downhole temperature is suddenly changed, so that the downhole lost circulation can be considered to occur.
In order to more clearly and specifically describe the method for early detection of lost circulation based on downhole engineering parameter measurement according to the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will be made with reference to specific embodiments.
Analyzing and calculating according to the steps from one to five, processing a certain block T well of the Changqing oil field by the process with reference to the attached figure 1, and monitoring and evaluating the plate in real time with reference to the attached figure 2.
In the figure, the simulation values of the inner pipe pressure, the annular pressure and the internal and external pressure difference during normal drilling and well leakage are obtained according to the formula method given in the first step, the second step and the third step. As can be seen from the real-time monitoring and evaluation chart of the T-well, the leakage starts to occur in the depth segment 3102m according to the following judgment criteria: the pressure of the inner pipe, the pressure of the annulus and the pressure difference measured before 3102m are all in accordance with the pressure of the inner pipe, the pressure of the annulus and the pressure difference during normal drilling calculated according to ground data simulation, the pressure of the inner pipe and the pressure of the annulus measured after 3102m are both obviously reduced, meanwhile, the pressure difference between the inner part and the outer part is basically unchanged, the pressure of the inner pipe and the pressure difference generally conforms to the evaluation standard of leakage, the pressure of the inner pipe, the pressure of the annulus and the pressure difference during well leakage calculated according to ground data simulation, the leakage loss is 0.5m3 in 20 minutes after the well is drilled to 3108m, and the leakage rate is 1.5m 3/h. And a multi-stage plugging material is added, so that the density of the drilling fluid is reduced, and the leakage is effectively controlled to continue drilling. Therefore, the method can be verified that the analysis result is matched with the actual condition, is accurate and effective, and is earlier than the liquid level monitoring of the ground mud tank, thereby providing a basis for the formulation of a drilling construction scheme and a leakage prevention and plugging scheme.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. The well leakage early detection method based on underground engineering parameter measurement is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting data, and preliminarily determining the depth range and lithology of the leakage; preliminarily defining the depth range of the leakage and the lithology of the stratum developed in the depth range according to the well history data and the logging comprehensive record data;
step two: establishing a lost circulation characteristic parameter calculation model according to the flowing characteristics when the lost circulation occurs;
on the basis of a calculation model of the well leakage characteristic parameters, simulating and calculating a characteristic parameter graph when the leakage occurs and a characteristic parameter graph when the normal drilling occurs according to ground input data; the simulation calculation comprises leakage speed calculation, wellbore pressure calculation during leakage and internal and external pressure difference calculation during leakage;
step three: obtaining real-time characteristic parameters; inputting the underground while-drilling data measured by the while-drilling measurement system into software to form a real-time data monitoring graph;
step four: determining a loss judgment criterion; and (4) sorting and drawing the data obtained in the first to third steps to obtain a measurement and prediction parameter comparison graph, and performing leakage judgment, early warning and alarm on the result.
2. The method for early detection of lost circulation based on downhole engineering parameter measurement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calculation of loss rate, the calculation of wellbore pressure during loss and the calculation of internal and external pressure difference during loss in the second step comprises:
calculating the loss rate:
calculating the leakage velocity by intersecting the annular pressure calculation equations above and below the leakage point, wherein the pressure calculation equations above and below the leakage point are as follows:
Qdischarge capacity＝QVolume of lost circulation+QDisplacement above leak point (3)
Obtaining the leakage rate through iterative calculation on the basis of the equation;
and secondly, calculating the pressure of the shaft in loss:
inner tube pressure:
annulus leak point following pressure:
pressure above annular leak point:
calculating the internal and external pressure difference during leakage:
ΔPdownhole simulation＝PInner tube simulation-PAnnulus simulation (11)
3. The method for early detecting the lost circulation based on the underground engineering parameter measurement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step two of simulating the calculated characteristic parameters when the lost circulation occurs and the characteristic parameters when the normal drilling occurs according to the ground input data comprises: injection discharge capacity, return discharge capacity, injection density, viscosity of drilling fluid, dynamic-to-plastic ratio, static shear force, dynamic shear force, six-speed viscometer degree, pump pressure and vertical pressure.
4. The method for early detection of lost circulation based on downhole engineering parameter measurement according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the characteristic parameter map at the time of loss and the characteristic parameter map at the time of normal drilling in the second step comprise: vertical pressure, annular pressure simulation, vertical pressure simulation and internal and external pressure difference simulation.
5. The method for early detection of lost circulation based on downhole engineering parameter measurement according to claim 1, wherein: and the real-time data monitoring graph in the third step comprises inner pipe pressure, annular pressure, internal and external pressure difference and annular temperature.
6. The method of early lost circulation detection of downhole engineering parameter measurements according to claim 1, wherein: step three also includes the calculation of internal and external pressure difference when leakage occurs, and the calculation formula is as follows:
ΔPdownhole survey＝PInner tube measurement-PAnnulus surveying (12)
7. The method for early detection of lost circulation based on downhole engineering parameter measurement according to claim 1, wherein: the fourth step of the loss judgment criterion specifically includes:
according to the predicted values and calculated values of the pressure of the inner pipe and the annular space and the pressure difference between the inside and the outside in the measurement and prediction comparison graph, the judgment is carried out:
when P is presentAnnulus surveying≈PAnnulus simulation normalityNormally drilling;
when P is presentAnnulus surveying＜PAnnulus simulation normality：
If Δ PDownhole survey≈ΔPDownhole simulationAnd the variation trend of the actually measured annular pressure monitoring graph is consistent with that of the annular pressure graph when the simulated lost circulation occurs, and the downhole temperature is suddenly changed, so that the downhole lost circulation can be considered to occur.
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