CN114318459A - Functional plating solution and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Functional plating solution and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114318459A CN114318459A CN202210097576.9A CN202210097576A CN114318459A CN 114318459 A CN114318459 A CN 114318459A CN 202210097576 A CN202210097576 A CN 202210097576A CN 114318459 A CN114318459 A CN 114318459A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- current
- plating solution
- functional plating
- aluminum alloy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy surface treatment, in particular to a functional plating solution and a preparation method and application thereof, the functional plating solution comprises 6g/L-12g/L sodium hexametaphosphate, 6g/L-11g/L sodium silicate, 8g/L-15g/L sodium metavanadate, 10g/L-25g/L sodium molybdate and 1g/L-5g/L potassium hydroxide, the functional plating solution is prepared by the materials, when the functional plating solution is used for aluminum alloy surface treatment, a black micro-arc oxidation layer can be quickly formed on the surface of an aluminum alloy, so that the surface of the aluminum alloy has fine surface quality while showing black, the wear resistance is good, the functional plating solution is suitable for preparing equipment with high requirement on precision, the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy are improved, the appearance color is uniform under a D65 light source, the surface is fine and smooth, the glossiness is good, and the problem that the surface of the aluminum alloy is rough after the aluminum alloy is treated by the existing micro-arc oxidation coloring technology is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy surface treatment, in particular to a functional plating solution and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Aluminum alloy is an amphoteric metal that corrodes in both acidic and basic media. In order to make aluminum alloys widely available, a metal plating layer or an organic coating layer is generally prepared on the surface of the aluminum alloy by surface treatment methods such as electroplating, electrophoresis, spraying and the like, and the color and the performance of the surface of the aluminum alloy are modified to improve the performances such as hardness, corrosion resistance and the like of the aluminum alloy. Common aluminum alloy surface treatment methods include anodic oxidation coloring and micro-arc oxidation coloring.
The anodic oxidation coloring technique for aluminum alloys can be roughly classified into three types, i.e., chemical dyeing, integral coloring and electrolytic coloring.
The micro-arc oxidation coloring technology is used for processing the aluminum alloy, so that the aluminum alloy has rich colors, and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy can be improved. However, after the treatment by the existing process, the surface of the aluminum alloy is rough, the material is brittle, and the color is not uniform.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a functional plating solution, a preparation method and application thereof, and aims to solve the problem that the surface of an aluminum alloy is rough after the aluminum alloy is treated by the existing micro-arc oxidation coloring technology.
In order to achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a functional plating solution comprising 6g/L to 12g/L sodium hexametaphosphate, 6g/L to 11g/L sodium silicate, 8g/L to 15g/L sodium metavanadate, 10g/L to 25g/L sodium molybdate, and 1g/L to 5g/L potassium hydroxide.
In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a method for preparing a functional plating solution, comprising:
adding the sodium hexametaphosphate into a preparation tank filled with water, and stirring for 1-3 h by a stirrer to obtain a primary solution;
adding the sodium silicate into the primary solution, and stirring for 0.5-1.5 h by a stirrer to obtain a secondary solution;
adding the sodium metavanadate into the secondary solution, and stirring for 1-3 h by a stirrer to obtain a tertiary solution;
adding the sodium molybdate into the third solution, and stirring for 5-30 min by a stirrer to obtain a fourth solution;
and adding the potassium hydroxide into the fourth-time solution to obtain a mixed solution, and adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to obtain the functional plating solution.
In a third aspect, the invention also provides an application of the functional plating solution, the functional plating solution of the first aspect is applied to surface treatment of 7-series aluminum alloy, bipolar pulse current micro-arc oxidation treatment is carried out on the surface of the 7-series aluminum alloy by using the functional plating solution, the positive current density of the bipolar pulse current is 0.3-2.0A/cm2, and the negative current density is 0-0.3A/cm 2.
The power output mode of the bipolar pulse current micro-arc oxidation treatment is stepped sectional steady-current output.
Wherein, the parameters of the step-type sectional steady flow output are as follows:
first-step forward current: 50-100A, negative current: 0A;
second gradient forward current: 50-150A, negative current: 0A;
third step forward current: 50-150A, negative current: 0A;
fourth step forward current: 50-150A, negative current: 0A;
fifth step forward current: 80-160A, negative current: 0A;
sixth step forward current: 100A-200A, negative current: 10A-30A;
seventh step forward current: 100A-200A, negative current: 15A-40A;
eighth step forward current: 100A-200A, negative current: 15A-40A.
The invention relates to a functional plating solution, which is used for treating the surface of aluminum alloy, such as 7 series aluminum alloy such as 7075 aluminum alloy, wherein the main alloy element is zinc, and the main alloy element also comprises impurity elements such as copper, magnesium, manganese and the like, the addition of the elements improves the structure performance of the material, the mechanical strength and the performance of the material can be improved through heat treatment, but the defects are that the corrosion resistance of the material is not strong, the surface hardness is not high, for some special application fields such as emitters, because the appearance of the equipment needs to be dark black and even needs to have light absorption performance, after the common process treatment, the surface of the material is rough and not wear-resistant, an expensive wear-resistant coating needs to be additionally sprayed on the surface of the equipment to change the surface of the material into black, and simultaneously the wear-resistant performance requirement is met, the functional plating solution can quickly form a black micro-arc oxidation layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy, the thickness of the black protective film is 30-50 microns, so that the surface of the aluminum alloy is black, fine and smooth in surface quality and good in wear resistance, the black protective film is suitable for preparing equipment with high requirements for precision, the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy are improved, the aluminum alloy is uniform in appearance color, fine and smooth in surface and good in glossiness under a D65 light source, and the problem that the surface of the aluminum alloy is rough after the aluminum alloy is treated by the existing micro-arc oxidation coloring technology is solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a functional plating solution according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of example 1 provided by the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of example 2 provided by the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of example 3 provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a functional plating solution comprising 6g/L-12g/L sodium hexametaphosphate, 6g/L-11g/L sodium silicate, 8g/L-15g/L sodium metavanadate, 10g/L-25g/L sodium molybdate and 1g/L-5g/L potassium hydroxide.
In the embodiment, the sodium hexametaphosphate improves the film forming speed of the protective film and the corrosion resistance of the protective film, the sodium silicate is a film forming agent, the sodium molybdate can improve the wear resistance, the sodium molybdate contains polyoxide, the polyoxide requirement of micro-arc oxidation is met, meanwhile, the sodium molybdate has complexation, copper and zinc dissolved from aluminum alloy can be complexed in the form of molybdate complex, the molybdenum molybdate complex becomes sticky precipitate, the quality of finished products subjected to micro-arc oxidation cannot be influenced, the service life of the functional plating solution is prolonged, the sodium metavanadate, the sodium hexametaphosphate and the sodium molybdate act synergistically, the film forming speed of the protective film and the corrosion resistance of the protective film are improved, the conductivity of potassium hydroxide is high, the conductivity is good, and the reliability of the functional plating solution can be improved.
Referring to fig. 1-4, in a second aspect, the present invention further provides a method for preparing a functional plating solution, including the following steps:
s1, adding the sodium hexametaphosphate into a preparation tank filled with water, and stirring for 1-3 h by a stirrer to obtain a primary solution;
s2, adding the sodium silicate into the primary solution, and stirring for 0.5-1.5 h by a stirrer to obtain a secondary solution;
s3, adding the sodium metavanadate into the secondary solution, and stirring for 1-3 h through a stirrer to obtain a tertiary solution;
s4, adding the sodium molybdate into the third solution, and stirring for 5-30 min by a stirrer to obtain a fourth solution;
s5, adding the potassium hydroxide into the solution for four times to obtain a mixed solution, and adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to obtain the functional plating solution.
Specifically, the pH of the functional plating solution is 9.5 to 12, and if the pH of the functional plating solution is higher than 12, ablation may occur to cause defects, and when the pH of the functional plating solution is lower than 9.5, potassium hydroxide needs to be added for adjustment.
In a third aspect, the invention also provides an application of the functional plating solution, the functional plating solution of the first aspect is applied to surface treatment of 7-series aluminum alloy, the bipolar pulse current micro-arc oxidation treatment is carried out on the surface of the 7-series aluminum alloy by using the functional plating solution, the positive current density of the bipolar pulse current is 0.3-2.0A/cm2, the negative current density is 0-0.3A/cm2, the current density is equal to the current/the number of samples/the surface area of the samples, the pulse frequency is 1500 Hz-2000 Hz, the pulse width is 150 mus-250 mus, the duty ratio is 10-20%, the micro-arc oxidation time is 30-50 min, the power output mode of the bipolar pulse current micro-arc oxidation treatment is stepped sectional steady-current output, and parameters of the stepped sectional steady-current output are as follows:
first-step forward current: 50-100A, negative current: 0A;
second gradient forward current: 50-150A, negative current: 0A;
third step forward current: 50-150A, negative current: 0A;
fourth step forward current: 50-150A, negative current: 0A;
fifth step forward current: 80-160A, negative current: 0A;
sixth step forward current: 100A-200A, negative current: 10A-30A;
seventh step forward current: 100A-200A, negative current: 15A-40A;
eighth step forward current: 100A-200A, negative current: 15A-40A.
The parameter table of the stepped sectional steady flow output is shown as the following table:
the following are specific examples of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described with reference to the examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.
Example 1
S11, adding 6g/L of sodium hexametaphosphate into a preparation tank filled with water, and stirring for 2 hours by a stirrer to obtain a primary solution;
s12, adding 6g/L of sodium silicate into the primary solution, and stirring for 1h through a stirrer to obtain a secondary solution;
s13, adding 8g/L of sodium metavanadate into the secondary solution, and stirring for 2 hours through a stirrer to obtain a tertiary solution;
s14, adding 10g/L of sodium molybdate into the third solution, and stirring for 20min through a stirrer to obtain a fourth solution;
s15, adding 1g/L of potassium hydroxide into the four-time solution to obtain a mixed solution, and adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to obtain the functional plating solution.
Example 2
S21, adding 12g/L of sodium hexametaphosphate into a preparation tank filled with water, and stirring for 2 hours by a stirrer to obtain a primary solution;
s22, adding 11g/L of sodium silicate into the primary solution, and stirring for 1h through a stirrer to obtain a secondary solution;
s23, adding 15g/L of sodium metavanadate into the secondary solution, and stirring for 2 hours through a stirrer to obtain a tertiary solution;
s24, adding 25g/L of sodium molybdate into the third solution, and stirring for 20min through a stirrer to obtain a fourth solution;
s25, adding 5g/L of potassium hydroxide into the four-time solution to obtain a mixed solution, and adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to obtain the functional plating solution.
Example 3
S31, adding 9g/L of sodium hexametaphosphate into a preparation tank filled with water, and stirring for 2 hours by a stirrer to obtain a primary solution;
s32, adding 8g/L of sodium silicate into the primary solution, and stirring for 1h through a stirrer to obtain a secondary solution;
s33, adding 12g/L of sodium metavanadate into the secondary solution, and stirring for 2 hours through a stirrer to obtain a tertiary solution;
s34, adding 17g/L of sodium molybdate into the third solution, and stirring for 20min through a stirrer to obtain a fourth solution;
s35, adding 3g/L of potassium hydroxide into the four-time solution to obtain a mixed solution, and adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to obtain the functional plating solution.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example prepared a functional plating solution, which was different from example 3 in the amount of 2g/L sodium hexametaphosphate added per liter of deionized water.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example prepared a functional plating solution per liter of deionized water, differing from example 3 in that no sodium silicate was added.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example prepared a functional plating solution, in deionized water per liter, which differs from example 3 in that no sodium molybdate was added.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example prepared a functional plating solution, which was different from example 3 in the amount of sodium metavanadate added at 2g/L per liter of deionized water.
Performance testing
The sample of the 7075 aluminum alloy upper case body was used as a test object, the functional plating solutions prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were used, respectively, and the surface of the sample was treated by the surface treatment method provided in example 4, and the appearance color, hardness, corrosion resistance, roughness, and wear resistance of the surface of the sample were tested.
Wherein, the color and the appearance are observed under a D65 standard light source.
The wear resistance is carried out by a friction test, the specification of a sample piece is processed into 30mm multiplied by 20mm multiplied by 3mm, the material of a grinding head is tungsten steel, the frequency is 100 times/min, the load is 9.8N, and the stroke is reciprocating. After the friction test is observed for 15min, the base material which is not leaked is qualified, and the base metal which is leaked is unqualified.
Corrosion resistance A corrosion test was carried out according to the method and conditions specified in GB/T10125 for a period of 236h, with the results shown in the following table.
| Color and appearance | Wear resistance | hardness/HV | Corrosion resistance | Roughness Ra/mum | |
| Example 1 | Uniform black and fine | Qualified | 778 | No corrosion | 1.13 |
| Example 2 | Uniform black and fine | Qualified | 939 | No corrosion | 2.25 |
| Example 3 | Uniform black and fine | Qualified | 800 | No corrosion | 1.3 |
| Comparative example 1 | Black, surface ablation | Qualified | 669 | Rusting | 2.55 |
| Comparative example 2 | Uniform black and fine | Fail to be qualified | 719 | No corrosion | 1.99 |
| Comparative example 3 | Slight pattern | Fail to be qualified | 397 | No corrosion | 1.59 |
| Comparative example 4 | Having an adherent on the surface | Qualified | 754 | Rusting | 2.75 |
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A functional plating solution is characterized in that,
comprises 6g/L-12g/L sodium hexametaphosphate, 6g/L-11g/L sodium silicate, 8g/L-15g/L sodium metavanadate, 10g/L-25g/L sodium molybdate and 1g/L-5g/L potassium hydroxide.
2. A method for preparing a functional plating solution, which is used for preparing the functional plating solution of claim 1, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
adding the sodium hexametaphosphate into a preparation tank filled with water, and stirring for 1-3 h by a stirrer to obtain a primary solution;
adding the sodium silicate into the primary solution, and stirring for 0.5-1.5 h by a stirrer to obtain a secondary solution;
adding the sodium metavanadate into the secondary solution, and stirring for 1-3 h by a stirrer to obtain a tertiary solution;
adding the sodium molybdate into the third solution, and stirring for 5-30 min by a stirrer to obtain a fourth solution;
and adding the potassium hydroxide into the fourth-time solution to obtain a mixed solution, and adjusting the pH of the mixed solution to obtain the functional plating solution.
3. The use of the functional plating solution according to claim 1 for surface treatment of a 7-series aluminum alloy,
and (3) performing bipolar pulse current micro-arc oxidation treatment on the surface of the 7-series aluminum alloy by using the functional plating solution, wherein the positive current density of the bipolar pulse current is 0.3-2.0A/cm2, and the negative current density is 0-0.3A/cm 2.
4. The use of a functional plating bath according to claim 3,
the power output mode of the bipolar pulse current micro-arc oxidation treatment is stepped sectional steady-current output.
5. The use of a functional plating solution according to claim 4,
the parameters of the stepped sectional steady flow output are as follows:
first-step forward current: 50-100A, negative current: 0A;
second gradient forward current: 50-150A, negative current: 0A;
third step forward current: 50-150A, negative current: 0A;
fourth step forward current: 50-150A, negative current: 0A;
fifth step forward current: 80-160A, negative current: 0A;
sixth step forward current: 100A-200A, negative current: 10A-30A;
seventh step forward current: 100A-200A, negative current: 15A-40A;
eighth step forward current: 100A-200A, negative current: 15A-40A.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210097576.9A CN114318459A (en) | 2022-01-27 | 2022-01-27 | Functional plating solution and preparation method and application thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210097576.9A CN114318459A (en) | 2022-01-27 | 2022-01-27 | Functional plating solution and preparation method and application thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114318459A true CN114318459A (en) | 2022-04-12 |
Family
ID=81029479
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210097576.9A Pending CN114318459A (en) | 2022-01-27 | 2022-01-27 | Functional plating solution and preparation method and application thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114318459A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116949531A (en) * | 2023-09-06 | 2023-10-27 | 长沙瑞联材料科技有限公司 | Aluminum alloy micro-arc oxidation functional plating solution, preparation method thereof and aluminum alloy surface protection layer |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101311326A (en) * | 2007-05-25 | 2008-11-26 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Micro arc oxidation electrolytic solution for light metals and micro arc oxidation method |
| CN102230205A (en) * | 2011-06-20 | 2011-11-02 | 华南理工大学 | Aluminum alloy micro-arc oxidation black ceramic membrane and preparation method thereof |
| CN104831332A (en) * | 2015-04-17 | 2015-08-12 | 江苏大学 | Method for directly generating black corrosion-resistant micro-arc oxidation film layer on steel surface |
| CN105316741A (en) * | 2014-08-05 | 2016-02-10 | 宁波瑞隆表面技术有限公司 | Method for conducting surface micro-arc oxidation treatment on aluminum alloy by adopting grading electric currents |
| CN106637341A (en) * | 2016-12-18 | 2017-05-10 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | Preparation method for black micro arc oxidation film layers of surfaces of pure aluminum and aluminum alloys |
| CN109023468A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-18 | 福建龙溪轴承(集团)股份有限公司 | The preparation method of 2XXX aluminium and aluminum alloy surface high-antiwear self-lubricating differential arc oxidation film layer |
| CN113106516A (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-07-13 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for improving compactness of aluminum alloy micro-arc oxidation film by regulating negative electric parameters |
| WO2021175868A1 (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2021-09-10 | RENA Technologies Austria GmbH | Method for plasma-electrolytic oxidation of a metal substrate |
| CN114318465A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-04-12 | 重庆建设工业(集团)有限责任公司 | Micro-arc oxidation preparation method of black surface of 7-series aluminum alloy |
-
2022
- 2022-01-27 CN CN202210097576.9A patent/CN114318459A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101311326A (en) * | 2007-05-25 | 2008-11-26 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Micro arc oxidation electrolytic solution for light metals and micro arc oxidation method |
| CN102230205A (en) * | 2011-06-20 | 2011-11-02 | 华南理工大学 | Aluminum alloy micro-arc oxidation black ceramic membrane and preparation method thereof |
| CN105316741A (en) * | 2014-08-05 | 2016-02-10 | 宁波瑞隆表面技术有限公司 | Method for conducting surface micro-arc oxidation treatment on aluminum alloy by adopting grading electric currents |
| CN104831332A (en) * | 2015-04-17 | 2015-08-12 | 江苏大学 | Method for directly generating black corrosion-resistant micro-arc oxidation film layer on steel surface |
| CN106637341A (en) * | 2016-12-18 | 2017-05-10 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | Preparation method for black micro arc oxidation film layers of surfaces of pure aluminum and aluminum alloys |
| CN109023468A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-18 | 福建龙溪轴承(集团)股份有限公司 | The preparation method of 2XXX aluminium and aluminum alloy surface high-antiwear self-lubricating differential arc oxidation film layer |
| WO2021175868A1 (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2021-09-10 | RENA Technologies Austria GmbH | Method for plasma-electrolytic oxidation of a metal substrate |
| CN113106516A (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-07-13 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for improving compactness of aluminum alloy micro-arc oxidation film by regulating negative electric parameters |
| CN114318465A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-04-12 | 重庆建设工业(集团)有限责任公司 | Micro-arc oxidation preparation method of black surface of 7-series aluminum alloy |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 霍珍珍 等: "铝合金微弧氧化黑色陶瓷层的显色原理分析", 《河北建筑工程学院学报》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116949531A (en) * | 2023-09-06 | 2023-10-27 | 长沙瑞联材料科技有限公司 | Aluminum alloy micro-arc oxidation functional plating solution, preparation method thereof and aluminum alloy surface protection layer |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104831332B (en) | A kind of method that steel surface directly generates the anti-corrosion differential arc oxidation film layer of black | |
| EP3067443B1 (en) | Nickel and/or chromium plated member and method for manufacturing the same | |
| CN106884191B (en) | Electrolyte for micro-arc oxidation, micro-arc oxidation method and application | |
| CN114318465B (en) | Micro-arc oxidation preparation method for 7-series aluminum alloy black surface | |
| Pecequilo et al. | Study of copper electrodeposition mechanism from a strike alkaline bath prepared with 1-hydroxyethane-1, 1-diphosphonic acid through cyclic voltammetry technique | |
| US6379523B1 (en) | Method of treating surface of aluminum blank | |
| CN114318459A (en) | Functional plating solution and preparation method and application thereof | |
| KR101232963B1 (en) | Plated steel sheet for can and process for producing the plated steel sheet | |
| US20030196907A1 (en) | Method of anodizing a part made of aluminum alloy | |
| CN111344439A (en) | Magnesium or aluminum metal part with black oxide coating and preparation method thereof | |
| US3093556A (en) | Electro-depositing stainless steel coatings on metal surfaces | |
| CN103572339B (en) | A kind of method at surface of low-carbon steel electroplated Ni-Mn alloy | |
| DE3712511A1 (en) | ELECTRIC PLATING BATH | |
| US2392871A (en) | Chromium plating | |
| CN113463146A (en) | Electroplating solution and electroplating process for surface of metal tool | |
| Kir et al. | Effect of hard chrome plating parameters on the wear resistance of low carbon steel | |
| CN109537002B (en) | Ultrahigh-hardness chromium plating additive and application thereof | |
| CN111560633A (en) | Method for electrodepositing Ni-P-SiC composite coating | |
| KR102012731B1 (en) | Hexavalent Chrome Plating Solution And Crack Free Pulse Electroplating Method Using of The Same | |
| RU2449062C1 (en) | Method for obtaining oxide coating on steel | |
| KR100402730B1 (en) | Method process for forming copper and nickel-plated of electrolytic plating in magnesium compound | |
| CN106894019B (en) | A kind of titanium, the direct electric plating method of titanium alloy surface | |
| KR20200012351A (en) | Zn-Ni ALLOY PLATING SOLUTION FOR AUTOMOTIVE PARTS | |
| JP6274556B2 (en) | Electrolytic plating method | |
| JP7446829B2 (en) | Electroless nickel plating film and its manufacturing method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |