CN114318326B - Laser cladding device, system and method with gas protection - Google Patents
Laser cladding device, system and method with gas protection Download PDFInfo
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- CN114318326B CN114318326B CN202111233760.3A CN202111233760A CN114318326B CN 114318326 B CN114318326 B CN 114318326B CN 202111233760 A CN202111233760 A CN 202111233760A CN 114318326 B CN114318326 B CN 114318326B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
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- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 83
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- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a laser cladding device with gas protection, a system and a method thereof. The laser cladding system is provided with the gas-shielded laser cladding device, and when the system carries out a laser cladding method, the first protective gas channel, the second protective gas channel and/or the third gas protective channel can be opened in a targeted manner according to the specific conditions of a cladding layer molten pool and a heat affected zone. The utility model can directly introduce the protective gas into the surface of the cladding layer to prevent the cladding layer from oxidizing to influence the performance.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of laser cladding, and particularly relates to a laser cladding device.
Background
Laser cladding (also known as laser cladding or laser cladding) is a new surface modification technique. The method comprises the steps of adding cladding materials on the surface of a substrate, and fusing the cladding materials and a thin layer on the surface of the substrate together by utilizing a high-energy-density laser beam to form a metallurgically bonded additive cladding layer on the surface of a base layer.
Laser cladding characteristics: the cladding layer has low dilution but strong binding force, is metallurgically bonded with the matrix, and can obviously improve the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, oxidation resistance or electrical characteristics of the surface of the matrix material, thereby achieving the purpose of surface modification or repair, meeting the specific performance requirement of the surface of the material and saving a large amount of material cost. Compared with the traditional surface treatment technologies such as surfacing, thermal spraying, electroplating and the like, the method has the advantages of wide applicable material system, controllable dilution rate of the cladding layer, metallurgical bonding of the cladding layer and the matrix, small thermal deformation of the matrix, easy automation of the process and the like.
From the current application of laser cladding, it is mainly applied to three aspects: 1. surface modification of materials such as gas turbine blades, rolls, gears, etc. 2. Surface repair of products such as rotors, molds, etc. 3. Laser additive manufacturing, namely carrying out laser cladding layer by layer in a synchronous powder feeding or wire feeding mode, so as to obtain the part with the three-dimensional structure. Since the 80 s of the 20 th century, the laser cladding technology has received wide attention at home and abroad and has been applied to various industrial fields
The laser cladding can be roughly divided into two main types, namely preset laser cladding and synchronous laser cladding, according to the feeding mode of cladding materials. The cladding materials mainly comprise titanium alloy, copper alloy, particle type metal matrix composite material and the like. In order to prevent oxidation of the alloy material during laser cladding (the titanium alloy cladding material starts to melt at 400 ℃ C.) and the mechanical properties are reduced, inert gas needs to be provided for protection during cladding. The following is a brief description of the related art:
1. the patent application number 02123645.3 and the patent publication number CN1390649A disclose a vertical plane powder feeding laser cladding nozzle. The nozzle consists of an upper body, a middle body and a lower body, and adopts a double-path symmetrical powder feeding structure to ensure the uniformity of powder feeding in all directions on a vertical plane; meanwhile, a double-path shielding gas structure is adopted, so that good inert gas shielding of a laser cladding molten pool is ensured. The inventor of the present application analyzed by research: (A) The patent simply explains that the protective gas passes through the cavity of the middle laser beam light path channel, and the protection of the surface of the lateral powder feeding laser cladding layer is realized by increasing the gas circulation, but the protection gas can not be effectively ensured to be conveyed to completely cover the oxidation temperature region, so that the oxidation defect of the cladding layer is prevented; (B) The outlet of the protective gas channel forms serious interference on the powder channel conveyed to the molten pool, the protective gas channel and the powder feeding channel are not coaxially arranged, powder cannot be ensured to completely enter the molten pool formed by laser beam irradiation, the utilization rate of the powder is influenced, environmental pollution is caused, and even a high-quality cladding layer cannot be formed; (C) The protection gas channel and the light path system channel are completely the same channel, and the smoothness of the gas channel cannot be ensured due to the influence of the lens mounting structure, so that the smooth circulation of gas is influenced, and the gas protection effect is influenced.
2. The utility model patent with the application number of 202010440034.8 and the publication number of CN111545914A discloses a method for preparing titanium alloy based on additive material adding of an optical internal powder feeding laser processing nozzle. The method of the utility model ensures that Lt is less than or equal to Lq in the material adding process by means of closed loop control, namely, the protective gas can fully ensure to cover a high temperature area of a formed part in the material adding process, thereby avoiding the local overhigh and uncontrollable temperature caused by heat accumulation in the material adding process and ensuring the uniform composition and stable performance of the final titanium alloy. The inventor of the present application analyzed by research: (A) In the patent, the outer protective gas channel and the annular light path channel are the same channel, the protective gas can form the problems of scattering, loss and the like on a laser light path, and meanwhile, the gas channel is correspondingly larger due to the fact that the occupied space of the laser light path is larger, the fact that the gas leaves an outlet to have a certain flow is guaranteed, the gas consumption is increased in an invisible way, and the use cost of equipment is higher; (B) The protective gas channel and the powder feeding channel are coaxially arranged, but the gas in the oxidation area can be fully covered due to the fact that the outer protective gas channel needs a large enough flow, the powder is corrected due to the fact that the middle channel is a powder channel, the powder is easily scattered due to the fact that the powder is a non-rigid part, the powder is easily influenced by the air quantity of the outer protective gas channel, and therefore powder movement is discontinuous in the powder conveying process or high-precision coupling between the powder and light spots cannot be achieved, and the quality of a formed part is influenced.
3. The utility model patent application number 202011441589.0 and publication number CN112553620A disclose a gas protection cover device for a laser cladding coaxial powder feeding gun, which comprises a protection cover shell, a protection cover inner core and a porous copper strip, wherein the protection cover shell is sleeved outside the protection cover inner core, and the porous copper strip is arranged at the lower end of the protection cover shell; the inner side surface of the protective cover shell, the outer side surface of the protective cover inner core and the upper surface of the porous copper strip form a first empty chamber; one end of the first hollow chamber is communicated with the outer side surface of the protective housing through a first through hole, and the other end of the first hollow chamber is communicated with the lower surface of the porous copper plate strip through the porous copper plate strip; the porous copper strip is configured to slow the flow rate of the air flow through the porous copper strip. By implementing the utility model, not only the solidified cladding layer can be protected from oxidation, but also the airflow of a protective gas layer can be optimized, the oxygen brought by gas turbulence is reduced, and the oxidation of the coating is avoided. The inventor of the present application analyzed by research: (A) In the patent, the shielding gas channel is not coaxial with the powder and the light spots, and the shielding gas cannot completely cover the oxidation area of the cladding layer when scanning in different directions; (B) The porous copper plate strip in the scheme can not ensure that the gas in the oxidation area of the cladding layer and the oxidation area of the base material is uniform, and the protective oxidation effect is poor easily.
4. The utility model patent with the application number of 200820232093.0 and the publication number of CN201329320Y discloses a coaxial powder feeding nozzle with water cooling and guide gas protection. The utility model provides a coaxial powder feeding nozzle with water cooling and guide gas protection, which can improve the collection rate and maintain the stability of the cladding process. The inventor of the present application analyzed by research: (A) In this patent, the shielding gas channel is only a single channel, which cannot meet the effective coverage area of the oxidation area, and this problem is particularly pronounced in three-dimensional shaped pieces; (B) The protective gas channel and the powder feeding channel can form a junction in a certain area in the air, and because of the non-rigid powder piece, the position precision of powder convergence and light spot convergence can be changed, the accurate coupling of light and powder can not be ensured, and a high-precision and high-quality cladding layer can not be formed.
5. The utility model patent with the application number of 201010520482.5 and the publication number of CN102453906A discloses a multifunctional gas protection atmosphere box for laser cladding forming. The box body mainly comprises a protection cavity and a powder collecting cavity. The inventor believes that the box-type protective gas device occupies a large space, the size of manufactured parts is limited by the box-type size, the operation is complicated, the laser cladding stacking forming efficiency is affected, an oversized workpiece cannot be manufactured, and the use convenience is low.
6. The patent number 201210315705.3 and the publication number CN102851665A disclose a spray head for laser cladding, which is provided with a central channel which is arranged in the center of the spray head and penetrates the spray head up and down, the bottom of the central channel is funnel-shaped, a plurality of powder channels with one ends connected with a powder adding device and the other ends penetrating the bottom surface of the spray head and a plurality of gas channels with one ends connected with a protective gas adding device and the other ends penetrating the bottom surface of the spray head are arranged between the wall of the central channel and the outer wall of the spray head, and the powder channels and the gas channels are all spiral and distributed uniformly around the central axis of the central channel at intervals. The utility model is used for the spray head of laser cladding, and the original linear powder channel and gas channel are designed into a spiral shape, so that the distance between the minimum convergence point of the powder flow field formed by converging the powder flow and the gas flow and the bottom end of the spray head is shortened, and the density uniformity of alloy powder in the powder flow field is improved by more than 30% compared with the spray head of the previous generation. The inventor believes that in the patent, the gas and the powder are respectively conveyed through two channels, and the light, the powder and the gas are converged on the surface of the substrate, but the shielding gas does not uniformly envelop the powder, so that light spots, the gas and the powder deviate in space positions in different defocusing amounts and different scanning directions, and the powder cannot be fully melted and the oxidation zone is fully protected.
7. The utility model patent with the patent number of 201710515453.1 and the publication number of CN107130240A discloses a laser cladding nozzle, a laser cladding device and a laser cladding method. The laser cladding nozzle comprises a nozzle jacket, a nozzle core and a protective cover, wherein the nozzle jacket is sleeved on the nozzle core, the protective cover is sleeved on the nozzle jacket, a powder feeding channel is arranged between the nozzle jacket and the nozzle core, the protective cover comprises an inner layer, a middle layer and an outer layer, the inner layer, the middle layer and the outer layer are sequentially distributed from inside to outside, a first cavity is formed between the inner layer and the middle layer, a second cavity is formed between the middle layer and the outer layer, a first liquid inlet and a first liquid outlet which are communicated with the second cavity are formed in the outer layer, a first air inlet which is communicated with the first cavity is further formed in the outer layer, and a first air outlet which is communicated with the first cavity is formed in the inner layer. The laser cladding nozzle, the laser cladding device and the laser cladding method provided by the utility model have the functions of inert gas protection and self-cooling, can better meet the laser cladding process requirements, and improve the laser cladding quality. The inventor believes that the technical scheme is similar to a box-type protective gas device, the occupied space is large, the size of manufactured parts is limited by the box-type size, the operation is complex, the laser cladding stacking forming efficiency is affected, the oversized workpiece cannot be manufactured, and the use convenience is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the utility model aims to provide a laser cladding device with gas protection, which can directly introduce protective gas into the surface of a cladding layer to prevent the cladding layer from generating oxidation to influence the performance.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a laser cladding device with gas protection, includes the multi-beam laser generating device that comprises support, support dustcoat and optical subassembly, a guide pillar is linked firmly to multi-beam laser generating device below, a support frame is connected to the guide pillar, a cladding nozzle is connected to the support frame, cladding nozzle overcoat is equipped with an air guide sleeve, form first protective gas cavity between the mouth body part of cladding nozzle and the mantle wall of air guide sleeve, the mouth body tip of cladding nozzle is located in the air guide sleeve, leave the interval between mouth body tip and the mantle tip of air guide sleeve; the support is internally provided with a support air passage, the outer end of the support air passage is connected with a first air nozzle, the interior of the guide column is provided with a guide column air passage, the support frame is provided with a support frame air hole, the cladding nozzle is provided with a cladding nozzle air hole, and the first air nozzle, the support air passage, the guide column air passage, the support frame air hole and the cladding nozzle air hole are sequentially communicated and communicated with the first protective air cavity; a first gas hood is fixed on the support frame, a light beam cavity is formed between the first gas hood and the support frame, the gas guide sleeve is positioned in the light beam cavity, and the bottom of the first gas hood is provided with a first through hole; the first gas hood is sleeved with a second gas hood, a second protective gas cavity is formed between the second gas hood and the first gas hood, a circle of second gas nozzles are arranged on an outer ring panel of the first gas hood and communicated with the second protective gas cavity, and a second through hole is formed in the bottom of the second gas hood.
Further, a third gas hood is sleeved outside the second gas hood, a third protective gas cavity is formed between the third gas hood and the second gas hood, a circle of third air nozzles are arranged on the panel of the outer ring of the second gas hood, the third air nozzles are communicated with the third protective gas cavity, and a third through hole is formed in the bottom of the third gas hood.
Further, a guide post cladding material channel is formed in the guide post, an outlet of the guide post cladding material channel is located on the central axis of the guide post, a support frame cladding material channel is formed in the support frame, the support frame cladding material channel is located at the central position of the support frame, a cladding nozzle cladding material channel is formed in the cladding nozzle, the cladding nozzle cladding material channel is located on the central axis of the cladding nozzle, and an air guide sleeve cladding material through hole is formed in the end part of the air guide sleeve; the guide post cladding material channel, the support frame cladding material channel, the cladding nozzle cladding material channel and the air guide sleeve cladding material through hole are sequentially communicated.
Furthermore, a cladding material leading-in hole is formed in the support outer cover, a cladding material through hole is formed in the support, and the cladding material leading-in hole, the cladding material through hole and the guide pillar cladding material channel are sequentially communicated.
Further, the support frame is provided with a multi-beam through hole, the multi-beam through hole is circumferentially arranged to receive the multi-beam projected by the multi-beam laser generating device, and the multi-beam forming light spots encircle the lower part of the cladding nozzle.
Another object of the present utility model is to provide a laser cladding system with gas protection, which has a laser cladding apparatus with gas protection.
The utility model further provides a laser cladding method realized based on the laser cladding system, which only opens a first protective gas channel when the single-channel cladding is implemented, and the formed gas protection area covers the cladding nozzle end from which cladding material flows out and the cladding surface end, so that the gas protection area covers a single-channel cladding molten pool and a heat affected zone. When the first shielding gas channel is kept open and the cladding layers are clad, the second shielding gas channel needs to be opened because the effective area of the gas sprayed by the first shielding gas channel is smaller. If the area of the cladding layer is larger, the temperature field of the oxidation area is larger, and when the first and second protective gas channels cannot be completely covered, the third gas protective channel is opened.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
1. the main shielding gas flows into a bracket air passage in the bracket from a first gas nozzle, then flows into a guide pillar air passage in the guide pillar, flows through a support frame air hole in the support frame and a cladding nozzle air hole, then flows into a first shielding gas cavity formed by enveloping a cladding nozzle and a gas guide sleeve, and finally is output to a molten pool through an output port at the bottom of the gas nozzle of the gas guide sleeve, so that the advantages are achieved: the gas channel can directly introduce protective gas into the surface of the cladding layer to prevent the cladding layer from generating oxidation to affect the performance, can solve the problem that the nozzle is blocked because the surface temperature of the cladding material is reduced by the protective gas to prevent the cladding material from melting to generate molten drops (under the action of heat radiation and heat conduction of a molten pool, the cladding material is not only easy to oxidize, but also can generate molten drops because of overhigh heat to easily block the mouth of the cladding nozzle, so that the wire feeding function is lost).
2. Second shielding gas shielding channel (second shielding gas cavity): when the cladding layers are clad, the effective area of the first protective gas cavity is smaller, and the second protective gas channel can be opened for effective protection.
3. Third shielding gas shielding channel (third shielding gas cavity): if the area of the cladding layer is larger, the temperature field of the oxidation area is larger, the second protective gas channel cannot be completely covered, and the third protective gas channel can be opened for effective protection.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a laser cladding apparatus with gas protection according to the present utility model, wherein fig. a and b are views from two angles of view, respectively.
Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the laser cladding apparatus with gas shielding according to the present utility model.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a laser cladding apparatus with gas shielding according to the present utility model.
Fig. 4 is an assembly view of a portion of the mechanism of the present utility model.
Fig. 5 is an exploded view of a portion of the structure of fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a top view of the components of fig. 4.
Fig. 7 is a schematic system architecture of the laser cladding system of the present utility model.
Fig. 8 is a logic diagram of a laser cladding method of the present utility model.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the gas-shielded region and the oxidized region in the laser cladding method of the present utility model.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a laser cladding method according to an embodiment of the present utility model; wherein, the diagrams a, b and c are schematic diagrams under different working states.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the laser cladding method of the present utility model.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.
In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that, directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., are based on directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description and simplification of description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in the specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present utility model; the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, and furthermore, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "coupled," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be fixedly coupled, detachably coupled, or integrally coupled, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1 to 6, a laser cladding device with gas protection comprises a multi-beam laser generating device 4 composed of a bracket 1, a bracket outer cover 2 and an optical component 3, wherein a guide post 5 is fixedly connected below the multi-beam laser generating device 4, the guide post 5 is connected with a supporting frame 6, and the supporting frame 6 is connected with a cladding nozzle 7; the cladding nozzle 7 is sleeved with an air guide sleeve 8, a first protective air cavity 78 is formed between the nozzle body part of the cladding nozzle 7 and the sleeve wall of the air guide sleeve 8, the nozzle body end part of the cladding nozzle 7 is positioned in the air guide sleeve 8, and a gap is reserved between the nozzle body end part and the sleeve body end part of the air guide sleeve 8; the inside of the support 1 is provided with a support air flue 101, the outer end of the support air flue 101 is connected with a first air nozzle 102, the inside of the guide column 5 is provided with a guide column air flue 501, the support 6 is provided with a support frame air hole 601, the cladding nozzle 7 is provided with a cladding nozzle air hole 701, and the first air nozzle 102, the support air flue 101, the guide column air flue 501, the support frame air hole 601 and the cladding nozzle air hole 701 are sequentially communicated and communicated with the first protective gas cavity 78; a first gas hood 9 is fixed on the support frame 6, a beam cavity 69 is formed between the first gas hood 9 and the support frame 6, the gas guide sleeve 8 is positioned in the beam cavity 69, and the bottom of the first gas hood 9 is provided with a first through hole 902;
the first gas hood 9 is sleeved with a second gas hood 10, a second protective gas cavity 910 is formed between the second gas hood 10 and the first gas hood 9, a circle of second gas nozzles 901 are arranged on an outer ring panel of the first gas hood 9, the second gas nozzles 901 are communicated with the second protective gas cavity 910, and a second through hole 1002 is formed in the bottom of the second gas hood 10.
Further, a third gas cover 11 is sleeved outside the second gas cover 10, a third protecting gas cavity 1011 is formed between the third gas cover 11 and the second gas cover, a circle of third gas nozzles 1001 is arranged on the outer ring panel of the second gas cover 10, the third gas nozzles 1001 are communicated with the third protecting gas cavity 1011, and a third through hole 1101 is formed at the bottom of the third gas cover 11.
Further, a guide post cladding material channel 502 is formed on the guide post 5, an outlet of the guide post cladding material channel 502 is located on a central axis of the guide post 5, a support frame cladding material channel 602 is formed on the support frame 6, the support frame cladding material channel 602 is located at a central position of the support frame 6, a cladding nozzle cladding material channel 702 is formed on the cladding nozzle 7, the cladding nozzle cladding material channel 702 is located on the central axis of the cladding nozzle 7, and an air guide sleeve cladding material through hole 801 is formed at an end part of the air guide sleeve 8; the guide post cladding material channel 502, the support frame cladding material channel 602, the cladding nozzle cladding material channel 702 and the air guide sleeve cladding material through hole 801 are sequentially communicated.
Further, the bracket housing 2 is provided with a cladding material introducing hole 201, the bracket 1 is provided with a cladding material through hole 103, and the cladding material introducing hole 201, the cladding material through hole 103 and the guide pillar cladding material channel 502 are sequentially communicated.
Further, the supporting frame 6 is provided with a multi-beam through hole 603, the multi-beam through hole 603 is circumferentially arranged to receive the multi-beam 30 projected by the multi-beam laser generating device 4, and the multi-beam 30 forms a light spot around the lower part of the cladding nozzle 7.
Example 2:
referring to fig. 7, a laser cladding system with gas shielding, comprising a laser for generating a laser beam, a feeder for supplying cladding material and a robot for moving the laser cladding apparatus, and further comprising the laser cladding apparatus with gas shielding described in embodiment 1;
a gas shielding region collector 400 for collecting a shielding gas effective region;
a thermal imager 500 for identifying a temperature region on a substrate or part;
first, second and third flow sensors 600, 700, 800 for collecting flow data from the first, second and third shielding gas cavities 78, 901, 1011, respectively;
the gas generating device is used for providing protective gas, and is respectively connected with the first protective gas cavity 78 through the first gas nozzle 102 to form a first gas protective channel, connected with the second protective gas cavity 910 through the second gas nozzle 901 to form a second gas protective channel, and connected with the third protective gas cavity 1011 through the third gas nozzle 1001 to form a third gas protective channel.
After the incident laser 20 generates multiple beams 30 by the multiple beam laser generating device 4, the multiple beam through holes 603 pass through the beam cavity 69 to finally form light spots which encircle the lower part of the cladding nozzle 7 to form a cladding area 80; cladding material is conveyed to cladding region 80 along cladding material introduction hole 201, cladding material through hole 103, guide post cladding material channel 502, support frame cladding material channel 602 and cladding nozzle cladding material channel 801; the shielding gas enters the first, second and third shielding gas cavities 78, 910, 1011 from the first, second and third air nozzles 102,901,1001, respectively, and then exits from the first, second and third through holes 902, 1002, 1101, respectively, and covers the cladding region 80 and the heat affected zone 100, etc., thereby preventing oxidation of the cladding layer or the part and protecting the part.
Example 3:
referring to fig. 8 and 9, a laser cladding method, which adopts the laser cladding system described in embodiment 2, includes the following steps:
1) Adjusting the laser cladding device with gas protection to keep the cladding material vertical to the surface of the substrate 70 or the part 13;
2) Opening a laser, a feeder and a gas generating device, and controlling a laser cladding device to move according to a preset track by a robot;
3) Aligning the observation region of the thermal imager 500 with the cladding region 80 and the heat affected zone 100, and collecting the dimensions L1 x L2 of the oxidized region S1;
4) Aligning the viewing area of the gas shielded area collector 400 with the substrate 70 or part 13 and collecting the dimension D of the gas shielded area S2;
5) Comparing whether the dimension D of the gas-shielded region S2 is greater than the dimension L1 of the oxidized region S1 by L2;
6) If the dimension D of the gas shielding region S2 is smaller than the dimension L1 of the oxidation region S1, then the flow of shielding gas is adjusted by adjusting the first, second and third flow sensors 600, 700, 800, and the process returns to step 5;
7) If the dimension D of the gas shield region S2 is greater than the dimension L1 x L2 of the oxidation region S1, the surface cladding or shaped piece build-up is deployed.
Preferably, when the single-pass cladding layer cladding is performed, only the first protective gas passage is opened, and the formed gas protection area covers the cladding nozzle end from which the cladding material flows out and the cladding layer surface end, so that the gas protection area covers the single-pass cladding layer molten pool and the heat affected zone.
Preferably, when the first shielding gas channel is kept open, the second shielding gas channel needs to be opened because the effective area of the gas injected by the first shielding gas channel is relatively small when the multi-channel cladding is performed.
Preferably, if the area of the cladding layer is relatively large, the temperature field of the oxidation zone is relatively large, and the third gas shielding passage is opened when the first and second shielding gas passages are not completely covered.
Two types of cladding of this embodiment:
1. see FIG. 10
As shown in fig. 10 (a), a first shielding gas passage (first shielding gas cavity):
A. forming a gas shield region 200 covering the cladding material outflow cladding nozzle end and the molten pool surface end;
B. the gas-shielded region 200 is formed to cover the single-pass cladding layer 80 and the heat affected zone 100 (material oxidation temperature zone).
As shown in fig. 10 (b), the second shielding gas passage (second shielding gas cavity):
A. under the condition that the first protective gas is kept open;
B. when the cladding of the multiple cladding layers 80 is performed, since the effective area of the first shielding gas injection is relatively small, the second shielding gas passage needs to be opened, and the gas shielding region 200 is formed by the first shielding gas passage and the second shielding gas passage at the same time;
C. also, if the area of the cladding layer is relatively large and the temperature field of the oxidation zone is relatively large, the second shielding gas passage cannot be completely covered, and it is necessary to open the third shielding gas passage (third shielding gas cavity), and the gas shielding region 200 is simultaneously formed by the first shielding gas passage, the second shielding gas passage, and the third shielding gas passage, as shown in fig. 10 (c).
2. Referring to fig. 11, a part 13 of a straight wall structure is clad on a substrate 70.
First shielding gas passage (first shielding gas cavity): mainly protecting the cladding material and the top of the straight wall of the part 13 from oxidation;
second shielding gas passage (second shielding gas cavity): the gas-shielded area 200 with the first shielding gas is partially overlapped, and a part of the gas is also covered on the top of the straight wall of the part 13, and a part of the gas is covered on both sides of the straight wall of the part 13;
third passage gas shielding passage (third shielding gas cavity): and the second shielding gas passage has a partial overlap with the shielding gas region 200, and the third shielding gas passage may be started mainly when the second shielding gas passage cannot satisfy the full coverage of the oxidized region of the part 13, the heat affected zone 100, and the like.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements or changes may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present utility model.
Claims (5)
1. A laser cladding system with gas shielding, comprising a laser for generating a laser beam, a feeder for providing cladding material and a robot for moving the laser cladding apparatus, characterized by further comprising: a laser cladding device with gas protection;
the laser cladding device comprises a multi-beam laser generating device (4) consisting of a bracket (1), a bracket outer cover (2) and an optical component (3), wherein a guide post (5) is connected under the multi-beam laser generating device (4) Fang Gu, the guide post (5) is connected with a supporting frame (6), and the supporting frame (6) is connected with a cladding nozzle (7);
an air guide sleeve (8) is sleeved outside the cladding nozzle (7), a first protective air cavity (78) is formed between the nozzle body part of the cladding nozzle (7) and the sleeve wall of the air guide sleeve (8), the nozzle body end part of the cladding nozzle (7) is positioned in the air guide sleeve (8), and a gap is reserved between the nozzle body end part and the sleeve body end part of the air guide sleeve (8);
the novel gas-shielded welding machine is characterized in that a support air passage (101) is formed in the support (1), the outer end of the support air passage (101) is connected with a first air nozzle (102), a guide pillar air passage (501) is formed in the guide pillar (5), a support frame air hole (601) is formed in the support frame (6), a cladding nozzle air hole (701) is formed in the cladding nozzle (7), and the first air nozzle (102), the support air passage (101), the guide pillar air passage (501), the support frame air hole (601) and the cladding nozzle air hole (701) are sequentially communicated and communicated with the first protective gas cavity (78);
a first gas cover (9) is fixed on the support frame (6), a light beam cavity (69) is formed between the first gas cover (9) and the support frame (6), the gas guide sleeve (8) is positioned in the light beam cavity (69), and a first through hole (902) is formed at the bottom of the first gas cover (9);
the first gas hood (9) is sleeved with a second gas hood (10), a second protective gas cavity (910) is formed between the second gas hood (10) and the first gas hood (9), a circle of second gas nozzles (901) are arranged on an outer ring panel of the first gas hood (9), the second gas nozzles (901) are communicated with the second protective gas cavity (910), and a second through hole (1002) is formed in the bottom of the second gas hood (10);
a third gas cover (11) is sleeved outside the second gas cover (10), a third protective gas cavity (1011) is formed between the third gas cover (11) and the second gas cover, a circle of third gas nozzles (1001) are arranged on an outer ring panel of the second gas cover (10), the third gas nozzles (1001) are communicated with the third protective gas cavity (1011), and a third through hole (1101) is formed at the bottom of the third gas cover (11);
the guide post (5) is provided with a guide post cladding material channel (502), an outlet of the guide post cladding material channel (502) is positioned on a central axis of the guide post (5), the support frame (6) is provided with a support frame cladding material channel (602), the support frame cladding material channel (602) is positioned at the central position of the support frame (6), the cladding nozzle (7) is provided with a cladding nozzle cladding material channel (702), the cladding nozzle cladding material channel (702) is positioned on the central axis of the cladding nozzle (7), and the end part of the air guide sleeve (8) is provided with an air guide sleeve cladding material through hole (801); the guide pillar cladding material channel (502), the support frame cladding material channel (602), the cladding nozzle cladding material channel (702) and the air guide sleeve cladding material through hole (801) are sequentially communicated;
cladding material guide holes (201) are formed in the support outer cover (2), cladding material through holes (103) are formed in the support (1), and the cladding material guide holes (201), the cladding material through holes (103) and the guide pillar cladding material channels (502) are sequentially communicated;
the support frame (6) is provided with a multi-beam through hole (603), the multi-beam through hole (603) is circumferentially arranged to receive multi-beams (30) projected by the multi-beam laser generating device (4), and the multi-beams (30) form light spots to surround the lower part of the cladding nozzle (7);
a gas shielding region collector (400) for collecting a shielding gas effective region;
a thermal imager (500) for identifying a temperature region on a substrate or part;
first, second and third flow sensors (600, 700, 800) for acquiring flow data of the first, second and third shielding gas cavities (78, 910, 1011), respectively;
the gas generating device is used for providing protective gas, the gas generating device is connected with the first protective gas cavity (78) through the first air tap (102) to form a first gas protective channel, is connected with the second protective gas cavity (910) through the second air tap (901) to form a second gas protective channel, and is connected with the third protective gas cavity (1011) through the third air tap (1001) to form a third gas protective channel.
2. A laser cladding method, characterized in that the laser cladding system of claim 1 is used, comprising the following processes:
adjusting the laser cladding device with gas protection to keep the cladding material vertical to the surface of the base material (70) or the part (13);
opening a laser, a feeder and a gas generating device, and controlling a laser cladding device to move according to a preset track by a robot;
aligning an observation region of a thermal imager (500) with the cladding region (80) and the heat affected region (100), and collecting the dimensions (L1 x L2) of the oxidized region (S1);
aligning an observation area of a gas shielded area collector (400) with a substrate (70) or a part (13), and collecting a dimension (D) of a gas shielded area (S2);
comparing whether the size (D) of the gas-shielded region (S2) is greater than the size (L1 x L2) of the oxidized region (S1);
if the size (D) of the gas shielding region (S2) is smaller than the size (L1 x L2) of the oxidation region (S1), adjusting the respective shielding gas flows by adjusting the first, second and third flow sensors (600, 700, 800), returning to step 5;
if the size (D) of the gas-shielded region (S2) is greater than the size (L1 x L2) of the oxidized region (S1), the surface cladding or the build-up of the shaped article is deployed.
3. The laser cladding method according to claim 2, wherein: when the single-channel cladding layer cladding is implemented, only the first protective gas channel is opened, and the formed gas protection area covers the cladding nozzle end from which cladding material flows out and the cladding layer surface end, so that the gas protection area covers the single-channel cladding layer molten pool and the heat affected zone.
4. A laser cladding method according to claim 3, wherein: when the first shielding gas channel is kept open and the cladding layers are clad, the second shielding gas channel needs to be opened because the effective area of the gas sprayed by the first shielding gas channel is smaller.
5. The laser cladding method according to claim 4, wherein: if the area of the cladding layer is larger, the temperature field of the oxidation area is larger, and when the first and second protective gas channels cannot be completely covered, the third gas protective channel is opened.
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| EP3585541A1 (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2020-01-01 | Precitec GmbH & Co. KG | Device and method for an additive manufacture |
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| JP2005105414A (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2005-04-21 | Shunji Murano | Linearly and uniformly discharging device, atomizing device, thin film deposition device, pattern forming device, three-dimensional forming device, and cleaning device |
| CN107130240A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-09-05 | 温州大学 | Laser melting-painting nozzle, laser cladding apparatus and laser cover melting method |
| CN107385435A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2017-11-24 | 苏州大学 | Cladding shower nozzle and laser cladding apparatus |
| CN113061888A (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-07-02 | 华侨大学 | Assembled three-layer airflow traveling protection laser cladding working head |
| CN216473480U (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-05-10 | 苏州工业职业技术学院 | Laser cladding device with gas protection |
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