CN114315490A - PTFE-Al-Ce energetic structural material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
PTFE-Al-Ce energetic structural material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114315490A CN114315490A CN202111560049.9A CN202111560049A CN114315490A CN 114315490 A CN114315490 A CN 114315490A CN 202111560049 A CN202111560049 A CN 202111560049A CN 114315490 A CN114315490 A CN 114315490A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009694 cold isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012856 weighed raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007723 die pressing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a PTFE-Al-Ce energetic structural material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the PTFE component comprises 50-70wt%, the Al component comprises 15-25wt%, and the Ce component comprises 10-30 wt%; the invention improves the kinetic energy and chemical energy damage capability of the Al/PTFE, and the Ce is added into the Al/PTFE system, so that the density of the material can be improved, and the kinetic energy penetration capability of the material can be improved; after the material is crushed by impact, the combustion of Ce can be utilized to promote the sufficient energy release of the Al/PTFE fragment, thereby improving the energy release efficiency of the material and enhancing the chemical energy damage efficiency of the material; under the condition of low-speed impact, the adiabatic temperature rise accumulated in the impact process of the Al/PTFE enables the Ce to react with oxygen in the air, and further the reaction between the Al/PTFE components is initiated to release energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energetic materials, and particularly relates to a PTFE-Al-Ce energetic structural material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum/polytetrafluoroethylene (Al/PTFE) active material is a novel metastable state energy-containing structural material with both mechanical property and energy release characteristic. The material takes PTFE as an oxidant and a binder, Al as a reducing agent and a reinforcing phase, under the condition of high-speed impact, the material can generate violent redox reaction without providing an oxidant from the outside, a large amount of heat is released, and meanwhile, a reaction product can be quickly gasified under the action of high temperature to generate overpressure. Therefore, the Al/PTFE active material used as the core material of the armor-piercing bullet can release a large amount of chemical energy under the action of high-speed impact, can drive the shell to be crushed, and can generate large-area fragment killing after the target, thereby being an ideal core material for the armor-piercing bullet.
The aluminum/polytetrafluoroethylene (Al/PTFE) active material can accumulate enough adiabatic temperature rise to fully excite the redox reaction among the components only under the high-speed impact condition (600 m/s), but under the low-speed impact condition, although a large amount of fragments are generated after the material is impacted and crushed, the accumulated adiabatic temperature rise is insufficient, the reaction among the components cannot be excited, and the energy release efficiency of the material is low. In addition, the theoretical density of Al/PTFE is only 2.4g/cm3, which greatly limits the kinetic energy penetration capability of the material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an energy-containing structural material with high energy release efficiency and further enhanced chemical energy damage efficiency and a preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention discloses a PTFE-Al-Ce energetic structural material, which comprises 50-70wt% of a PTFE component, 15-25wt% of an Al component and 10-30wt% of a Ce component.
Preferably, the PTFE adopts powder with the average grain diameter of 15-25 μm, Al adopts powder with the average grain diameter of 5-15 μm, and Ce adopts powder with the average grain diameter of 20-40 μm.
A preparation method of a PTFE-Al-Ce energetic structural material comprises the following steps:
s1, ball-milling mixed powder, namely weighing 50-70 parts of PTFE powder with the average particle size of 15-25 microns, 15-25 parts of Al powder with the average particle size of 5-15 microns and 10-30 parts of Ce powder with the average particle size of 20-40 microns, adding raw material powder and hard alloy grinding balls into a ball-milling tank by taking the hard alloy grinding balls as grinding materials, fixing the ball-milling tank on a ball mill, and carrying out ball-milling under inert atmosphere to obtain energetic powder;
s2, forming, namely filling the energetic powder prepared in the step S1 into a rubber mold, and pressing by adopting a cold isostatic pressing process to obtain an energetic material blank;
s3, vacuum sintering, namely performing vacuum sintering treatment on the energetic material blank, wherein the vacuum sintering comprises the following steps:
a) vacuumizing the hearth by using a vacuum pump until the vacuum degree reaches about 0.01 Pa;
b) heating the hearth at the heating rate of 40 ℃/h to raise the temperature of the hearth to 327-350 ℃, and then preserving the heat for more than 4 h;
c) and cooling the furnace to room temperature to obtain the PTFE-Al-Ce energetic structural material.
Preferably, in S1, the ball milling process parameters are: the ball milling speed is 150-.
Preferably, in S1, the operation of the ball mill is stopped for 5-10min every 10-20min to lower the temperature of the grinding balls in the ball mill tank.
Preferably, in S2, the cold isostatic pressing process parameters are: the pressure is 200MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 20 min.
Preferably, Ar is used as the inert gas atmosphere.
Preferably, the PTFE powder, the Al powder, and the Ce powder have an average particle size ratio of 2:1:3 to form graded particles.
Preferably, in S3, the furnace is heated to raise the furnace temperature to 327 ℃ and maintain it.
Preferably, in S1, the amount of the cemented carbide grinding ball is 100-300 parts.
The invention has at least the following advantages:
1) in order to improve the kinetic energy and chemical energy damage capability of the Al/PTFE, Ce is added into an Al/PTFE system, and after the material is crushed by impact, the combustion of the Ce can be utilized to promote the sufficient energy release of the Al/PTFE fragments, so that the energy release efficiency of the material is improved, and the chemical energy damage efficiency of the material is enhanced. Under the condition of low-speed impact, the adiabatic temperature rise accumulated in the impact process of the Al/PTFE enables the Ce to react with oxygen in the air, and further the reaction between the Al/PTFE components is initiated to release energy.
2) Ce is added into a PTFE-Al system, so that the density of the material can be improved, and the kinetic energy penetration capability of the material is improved; the density of Ce is 6.77g/cm3, and the addition of Ce can also increase the density of a material system and improve the kinetic energy penetration capability of the material.
3) The powder metallurgy process or the die pressing process technology is adopted, so that the preparation method has the characteristics of high efficiency and low cost, and industrial production can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a preparation method of a PTFE-Al-Ce energetic structural material.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," when used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
Example 1
A PTFE-Al-Ce energetic structural material comprises 50-70wt% of a PTFE component, 15-25wt% of an Al component and 10-30wt% of a Ce component. In order to improve the kinetic energy and chemical energy damage capability of Al/PTFE, rare metal cerium (Ce) is added into Al/PTFE, and firstly, Ce is used as a reducing agent and can react with PTFE to release a large amount of heat; secondly, the chemical property of Ce is active, and the powder is easy to burn in the air, thereby releasing a large amount of energy. Therefore, under the condition of low-speed impact, although the adiabatic temperature rise accumulated in the impact process of the Al/PTFE can not directly excite the reaction between the Al/PTFE components, the adiabatic temperature rise is enough to ensure that Ce reacts with oxygen in the air, and further the reaction between the Al/PTFE components is initiated to release energy; and thirdly, the density of Ce is 6.77g/cm3, and the addition of Ce can also increase the density of a material system and improve the kinetic energy penetration capability of the material.
The PTFE adopts powder with the average grain diameter of 15-25 mu m, Al adopts powder with the average grain diameter of 5-15 mu m, and Ce adopts powder with the average grain diameter of 20-40 mu m.
Example 2
As shown in figure 1, a preparation method of a PTFE-Al-Ce energetic structural material;
(1) ball milling and powder mixing: weighing 58.9g of PTFE powder with the average particle size of 20 microns, 16.4g of Al powder with the average particle size of 10 microns, 24.7g of Ce powder with the average particle size of 30 microns and 200g of hard alloy grinding balls, adding the weighed raw material powder and the grinding balls into a ball milling tank, and fixing the ball milling tank on a ball mill for ball milling to obtain the energy-containing powder. Wherein the ball milling technological parameters are as follows: the ball milling speed is 200r/min, and the ball milling time is 2h, so that the energy-containing powder is obtained. Wherein, the ball milling needs to be stopped for 10min every 20min to reduce the temperature of the milling balls in the ball milling tank. The ball milling process needs to be performed under an inert atmosphere (Ar gas). The average grain diameter ratio of the PTFE powder, the Al powder and the Ce powder is 2:1:3, so that graded particles are formed, the density of a prepared material system is higher, and the kinetic energy penetration capability of the material is further improved.
(2) Molding: and (3) filling the energetic powder prepared by ball milling mixed powder into a rubber mold, and pressing by adopting a cold isostatic pressing process to obtain an energetic material blank. Wherein the cold isostatic pressing process parameters are as follows: the pressure is 200MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 20 min.
(3) And (3) vacuum sintering: carrying out vacuum sintering treatment on the energetic material blank, wherein the vacuum sintering comprises the following steps: a) vacuumizing the hearth by using a vacuum pump until the vacuum degree reaches 0.01 Pa; b) heating the hearth at the heating rate of 40 ℃/h to raise the temperature of the hearth to 327 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 5 h. c) And cooling the furnace to room temperature to obtain the PTFE-Al-Ce energetic structural material. At 327 ℃, the mechanical strength of the PTFE material suddenly drops or disappears, facilitating vacuum sintering. The temperature should be strictly controlled to prevent decomposition of the PTFE material during long-term heat preservation when the temperature is too high.
Example 3
A preparation method of a PTFE-Al-Ce energetic structural material;
(1) ball milling and powder mixing: 62.4g of PTFE powder with the average particle size of 20 microns, 18.8g of Al powder with the average particle size of 10 microns, 18.8g of Ce powder with the average particle size of 30 microns and 200g of hard alloy grinding balls are weighed, the weighed raw material powder and the grinding balls are added into a ball milling tank, and then the ball milling tank is fixed on a ball mill for ball milling to obtain the energy-containing powder. Wherein the ball milling technological parameters are as follows: the ball milling speed is 200r/min, and the ball milling time is 2h, so that the energy-containing powder is obtained. Wherein, the ball milling needs to be stopped for 10min every 20min to reduce the temperature of the milling balls in the ball milling tank. The ball milling process needs to be performed under an inert atmosphere (Ar gas).
(2) Molding: and (3) filling the energetic powder prepared by ball milling mixed powder into a rubber mold, and pressing by adopting a cold isostatic pressing process to obtain an energetic material blank. Wherein the cold isostatic pressing process parameters are as follows: the pressure is 200MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 20 min.
(3) And (3) vacuum sintering: carrying out vacuum sintering treatment on the energetic material blank, wherein the vacuum sintering comprises the following steps: a) vacuumizing the hearth by using a vacuum pump until the vacuum degree reaches 0.01 Pa; b) heating the hearth at the heating rate of 40 ℃/h to raise the temperature of the hearth to 327 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 5 h. c) And cooling the furnace to room temperature to obtain the PTFE-Al-Ce energetic structural material.
Example 4
A preparation method of a PTFE-Al-Ce energetic structural material;
(1) ball milling and powder mixing: weighing 65.3g of PTFE powder with the average particle size of 20 microns, 20.8g of Al powder with the average particle size of 10 microns, 13.9g of Ce powder with the average particle size of 30 microns and 200g of hard alloy grinding balls, adding the weighed raw material powder and the grinding balls into a ball milling tank, and fixing the ball milling tank on a ball mill for ball milling to obtain the energy-containing powder. Wherein the ball milling technological parameters are as follows: the ball milling speed is 200r/min, and the ball milling time is 2h, so that the energy-containing powder is obtained. Wherein, the ball milling needs to be stopped for 10min every 20min to reduce the temperature of the milling balls in the ball milling tank. The ball milling process needs to be performed under an inert atmosphere (Ar gas).
(2) Molding: and (3) filling the energetic powder prepared by ball milling mixed powder into a rubber mold, and pressing by adopting a cold isostatic pressing process to obtain an energetic material blank. Wherein the cold isostatic pressing process parameters are as follows: the pressure is 200MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 20 min.
(3) And (3) vacuum sintering: carrying out vacuum sintering treatment on the energetic material blank, wherein the vacuum sintering comprises the following steps: a) vacuumizing the hearth by using a vacuum pump until the vacuum degree reaches 0.01 Pa; b) heating the hearth at the heating rate of 40 ℃/h to raise the temperature of the hearth to 327 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 5 h. c) And cooling the furnace to room temperature to obtain the PTFE-Al-Ce energetic structural material.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor for which the invention may be embodied with additional modifications as would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not limited to the details given herein and to the embodiments shown and described without departing from the generic concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A PTFE-Al-Ce energetic structural material is characterized by comprising 50-70wt% of a PTFE component, 15-25wt% of an Al component and 10-30wt% of a Ce component.
2. The PTE-Al-Ce energetic structural material as in claim 1, wherein PTFE is powder with an average particle size of 15-25 μm, Al is powder with an average particle size of 5-15 μm, and Ce is powder with an average particle size of 20-40 μm.
3. A preparation method of a PTFE-Al-Ce energetic structural material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, ball-milling mixed powder, namely weighing 50-70 parts of PTFE powder with the average particle size of 15-25 microns, 15-25 parts of Al powder with the average particle size of 5-15 microns and 10-30 parts of Ce powder with the average particle size of 20-40 microns, adding raw material powder and hard alloy grinding balls into a ball-milling tank by taking the hard alloy grinding balls as grinding materials, fixing the ball-milling tank on a ball mill, and carrying out ball-milling under inert atmosphere to obtain energetic powder;
s2, forming, namely filling the energetic powder prepared in the step S1 into a rubber mold, and pressing by adopting a cold isostatic pressing process to obtain an energetic material blank;
s3, vacuum sintering, namely performing vacuum sintering treatment on the energetic material blank, wherein the vacuum sintering comprises the following steps:
a) vacuumizing the hearth by using a vacuum pump until the vacuum degree reaches about 0.01 Pa;
b) heating the hearth at the heating rate of 40 ℃/h to raise the temperature of the hearth to 327-350 ℃, and then preserving the heat for more than 4 h;
c) and cooling the furnace to room temperature to obtain the PTFE-Al-Ce energetic structural material.
4. The preparation method of the PTFE-Al-Ce energetic structural material according to claim 3, wherein in S1, the ball milling process parameters are as follows: the ball milling speed is 150-.
5. The method for preparing the PTFE-Al-Ce energetic structural material according to the claim 3, wherein in S1, the operation of the ball mill is stopped for 5-10min every 10-20min to reduce the temperature of the grinding balls in the ball mill pot.
6. The preparation method of the PTFE-Al-Ce energetic structural material according to claim 3, wherein in S2, the cold isostatic pressing process parameters are as follows: the pressure is 200MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 20 min.
7. The method for preparing a PTFE-Al-Ce energetic structural material according to claim 3, characterized in that Ar is used as the inert atmosphere.
8. The method for preparing PTE-Al-Ce energetic structural material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the average particle size ratio of PTFE powder, Al powder and Ce powder is 2:1:3 to form graded particles.
9. The method for preparing the PTFE-Al-Ce energetic structural material according to the claim 3, wherein in S3, the hearth is heated to raise the hearth temperature to 327 ℃ and maintain the hearth temperature.
10. The method for preparing the PTFE-Al-Ce energetic structural material according to claim 3, wherein the amount of the cemented carbide grinding balls in S1 is 100-300 parts.
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| CN114315488A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-04-12 | 江苏润驰防务装备有限公司 | High-reaction-pressure PTFE-Al-AP active material and preparation method thereof |
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