CN114315473A - Fertilizer formula for southern hill medium/alkaline paddy field and nitrogen regulation and control method - Google Patents
Fertilizer formula for southern hill medium/alkaline paddy field and nitrogen regulation and control method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fertilizer formula for a middle/alkaline paddy field in southern hills and a nitrogen regulation method, wherein the fertilizer formula comprises a base fertilizer formula and a top dressing formula, the main components of the base fertilizer formula comprise 23.24-29.9% of urea, 45-48.61% of calcium superphosphate, 25-27.93% of potassium chloride, 0.05-0.11% of urease inhibitor NBPT and 0.05-0.11% of nitrification inhibitor DMPP, and the main components of the top dressing formula comprise 90.00-99.35% of urea, 0.15-0.46% of nitrification inhibitor DMPP and 0.46-0.70% of urease inhibitor NBPT. The nitrogen regulation method comprises soaking paddy field, wherein the soil in the paddy field is neutral or alkaline, and the pH value is 6.5-8.5; applying a base fertilizer; and (4) applying additional fertilizer. The invention provides a rice soil nitrogen fertilizer regulation and control method and a fertilizer formula based on the principle that the inorganic nitrogen form supplied by the soil nitrogen conversion characteristic is matched with the preference of crop nitrogen, reduces the loss of neutral and alkaline rice soil nitrogen fertilizer, improves the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer, and increases the yield of rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural production and environmental protection, and particularly relates to a fertilizer formula for a south hilly medium/alkaline paddy field and a nitrogen regulation and control method.
Background
Rice belongs to a typical ammonium-loving crop, and has a stronger preference for ammonium nitrogen than nitrate nitrogen. The soil in the hilly area in south China is generally strong in acidity and weak in nitrification rate, and the inorganic nitrogen of the soil is NH4-N is dominant. Therefore, the rice is very suitable for being planted in red soil hilly areas in south China. However, for various reasons, there are also some neutral/alkaline paddy soils in the hilly areas of south China. The soil has strong nitrification capacity, and the applied ammonium nitrogen is quickly converted into nitrate nitrogen which is difficult to be absorbed and utilized by rice. Meanwhile, under the flooding condition, nitrate nitrogen in the paddy soil is easy to generate denitrification and lose. Therefore, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of the neutral/alkaline paddy soil is relatively low, and the loss rate is relatively large.
There are many regulation and control methods for reducing the loss of nitrogen fertilizer, for example, adopting the fertilizer coating technology, applying fertilizer deeply, applying biomass carbon, returning straw to field, applying organic fertilizer and other measures. However, these measures have a series of defects, such as fertilizer coating technology, which has high requirements on coating materials, and the produced fertilizer has high price and is difficult to popularize. The preparation and application of biomass carbon need to consume a lot of cost, and the deep fertilizer application has higher requirements on agricultural machinery. The nitrogen loss of neutral and alkaline paddy soil in dry land can be reduced to a certain extent by applying organic fertilizer and straw returning measures, but N can also be increased2O、CH4The emission of greenhouse gases is equal, and the nitrogen regulation effect of the measure on neutral and alkaline paddy soil is not clear, so that the method is not suitable for the nitrogen regulation of paddy soil in corresponding areas at present. Nitrogen conversion inhibitors, in particular nitrification inhibitors, areNovel nitrogen fertilizer conditioner capable of reducing N in soil2O discharge and nitrate nitrogen leaching, but the increasing effect on the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and the yield of many crops is not obvious. The important reason that the effect of the nitrogen conversion inhibitor applied in the prior regulation and control technology is not ideal is probably that the nitrogen conversion characteristics of soil per se, the risk of losing inorganic nitrogen in different forms under different environmental conditions and the difference of preference of different crops to the inorganic nitrogen forms are not considered.
The present invention has been made in view of this situation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a fertilizer formula for a south hilly medium/alkaline paddy field and a nitrogen regulation method. In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the fertilizer formula for the neutral/alkaline paddy fields in southern hills comprises a base fertilizer formula and a top dressing formula, wherein the main components of the base fertilizer formula comprise 23.24-29.9% of urea, 45-48.61% of calcium superphosphate, 25-27.93% of potassium chloride, 0.05-0.11% of urease inhibitor NBPT and 0.05-0.11% of nitrification inhibitor DMPP, and the main components of the top dressing formula comprise 90.00-99.35% of urea, 0.15-0.46% of nitrification inhibitor DMPP and 0.46-0.70% of urease inhibitor NBPT.
Further, the additional fertilizer also comprises potassium chloride, and the proportion of the potassium chloride is 5% -9%.
Further, the urea is commercially available common urea, the urease inhibitor NBPT is n-butyl triammonium phosphate, the CAS number is 94317-64-3, the nitrification inhibitor DMPP is 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, and the CAS number is 202842-98-6.
The nitrogen regulation and control method of the fertilizer formula comprises the following steps:
step 1, soaking the field, namely introducing water into the rice field, keeping the depth of the water on the field surface, and soaking the soil of a plough layer, wherein the soil is neutral or alkaline, and the pH value is 6.5-8.5;
step 201, weighing a certain proportion of urea and placing the urea in a stirring barrel;
step 202, adding a nitrification inhibitor and a urease inhibitor into a small amount of weak alkaline water for dissolving;
step 203, pouring the aqueous solution of the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor into a stirring barrel, and stirring the aqueous solution of the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor with urea to ensure that the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor are uniformly attached to the surface of urea particles;
step 204, weighing calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride, placing the calcium superphosphate and the potassium chloride into a stirring barrel, and uniformly stirring the calcium superphosphate and the potassium chloride together with urea to form a mixture;
step 205, removing water in the mixture, sealing and storing;
step 3, additional fertilizer is prepared, and the preparation process of the additional fertilizer comprises the following steps:
301, weighing urea in a certain proportion, and placing and stirring the urea;
step 302, adding a small amount of weak alkaline water into the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor for dissolving;
step 303, pouring the aqueous solution of the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor into a stirring barrel, and stirring the aqueous solution of the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor with urea to ensure that the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor are uniformly attached to the surface of urea particles;
304, removing water in the additional fertilizer, and sealing and storing;
and 5, applying additional fertilizer, namely spraying the additional fertilizer into the rice field during the tillering period of the rice, and judging whether the additional fertilizer needs to be applied or not according to the growth condition of the rice during the heading period of the rice.
Further, the soil comprises a typical non-zonal agricultural soil formed by planting rice after the initial breeding soil developed from mauve sandstone, shale and mudstone rich in calcium carbonate in subtropical regions and a type of atypical rice soil formed by applying a large amount of lime to the rice soil developed from red soil, wherein the calcium carbonate content of the soil is generally 0.2-3%.
Further, the main components of the base fertilizer comprise 23.24% -29.9% of urea, 45% -48.61% of calcium superphosphate, 25% -27.93% of potassium chloride, 0.05% -0.11% of urease inhibitor NBPT and 0.05% -0.11% of nitrification inhibitor DMPP.
Furthermore, the main components of the top dressing formula comprise 90.00-99.35% of urea, 0.15-0.46% of nitrification inhibitor DMPP and 0.46-0.70% of urease inhibitor NBPT.
Furthermore, the depth of the surface water of the field in the step 1 is 3-5cm, the field soaking time is 24-168 hours, and the step 4 is to keep a 3-5cm water flooded layer for 8-10 days after the rice transplanting.
Furthermore, the application amount of the base fertilizer is 40-112kg per mu, the application amount of the additional fertilizer is 4-9kg per mu during tillering, the application amount of the additional fertilizer is 0-2kg per mu during heading, and the total amount of urea in the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer is 20-24kg per mu.
Further, in the step 202 and the step 302, each gram of nitrification inhibitor or urease inhibitor is dissolved by being matched with 8-12ml of weak alkaline water, the pH value of the weak alkaline water is 7.5-9.0, and 0.1% -1% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution is used for blending.
Further, in the steps 205 and 304, the moisture in the fertilizer is removed by adopting a hot blast method.
After the technical scheme is adopted, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects.
The invention provides a rice soil nitrogen fertilizer regulation and control method and a fertilizer formula based on the principle that the inorganic nitrogen form supplied by the soil nitrogen conversion characteristic is matched with the preference of crop nitrogen, reduces the loss of neutral and alkaline rice soil nitrogen fertilizer, improves the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer, and increases the yield of rice.
The loss rate of nitrogen fertilizer of the rice is greatly reduced, and a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer N is avoided2O and NO3 -The fertilizer enters the atmosphere or water body in a form, so that the greenhouse effect and the water body eutrophication are reduced, and the environment friendliness is further realized.
The method has the advantages of simple required process flow, no need of large-scale mechanical processing of fertilizer or auxiliary fertilization, and wide application range; the method has the advantages that the cost of the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor is low, the yield of the yield increase is far higher than the cost increase, and the method has higher popularization value.
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention to its proper form. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows the application of different fertilizer formulations of the present invention to soil NH4 +Schematic of the effect of content change;
FIG. 2 shows the application of different fertilizer formulations of the present invention to soil NO3 -Schematic of the effect of content change;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the effect of different treatments of the present invention on rice yield;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the effect of different treatments of the present invention on the apparent utilization of nitrogen fertilizer;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the present invention15And (3) a graph of loss rates of nitrogen fertilizers treated differently and calculated by an N isotope tracer test.
It should be noted that the drawings and the description are not intended to limit the scope of the inventive concept in any way, but to illustrate it by a person skilled in the art with reference to specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and the following embodiments are used for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
As shown in figures 1 to 5, the fertilizer formula and the nitrogen regulation method for the southern hilly medium/alkaline paddy field comprise a base fertilizer formula and a top dressing formula, wherein the main components of the base fertilizer formula comprise 23.24 to 29.9 percent of urea, 45 to 48.61 percent of calcium superphosphate, 25 to 27.93 percent of potassium chloride, 0.05 to 0.11 percent of urease inhibitor NBPT and 0.05 to 0.11 percent of nitrification inhibitor DMPP. The main components of the top dressing formula comprise 90.00-99.35% of urea, 0.15-0.46% of nitrification inhibitor DMPP and 0.46-0.70% of urease inhibitor NBPT. Generally, the top dressing only applies urea, and the phosphate fertilizer only applies as a base fertilizer. Potash fertilizer is also generally used as base fertilizer, but sometimes additional potash fertilizer can be applied in small amount, but the dosage is also low. Preferably, potassium chloride can be added into the additional fertilizer, and the proportion of the potassium chloride is 5% -9%. The chloride ions can enhance the inhibiting function of the nitrification inhibitor. Simultaneously, the potassium deficiency symptom in the late growth stage of the rice can be prevented. Preferably, the urea, the calcium superphosphate and the potassium chloride are all commercial common chemical fertilizers, the urease inhibitor NBPT is n-butyl triammonium phosphate, the CAS number is 94317-64-3, the nitrification inhibitor DMPP is 3, 4-dimethylpyrazolophosphorusAcid salt, CAS number 202842-98-6. The regulation and control method of nitrogen and the formula of the fertilizer are provided on the basis of the principle that the inorganic nitrogen form supplied based on the soil nitrogen conversion characteristic is matched with the preference of crop nitrogen, and the problems of easy loss, low utilization rate and low yield of the neutral and alkaline paddy soil nitrogen fertilizer are solved. The loss rate of nitrogen fertilizer of rice is greatly reduced, and a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer is prevented from being N2O and NO3 -The fertilizer enters the atmosphere or water body in a form, so that the greenhouse effect and the water body eutrophication are increased, the yield of the rice is improved, and the environment is protected.
The method for regulating and controlling nitrogen in the paddy field comprises the following steps:
step 1, soaking the field, namely introducing water into the rice field, keeping the depth of the water on the field surface, and soaking the soil of a plough layer, wherein the soil of the rice is neutral or alkaline, and the pH value is 6.5-8.5;
step 201, weighing a certain proportion of urea and placing the urea in a stirring barrel;
step 202, adding a nitrification inhibitor and a urease inhibitor into a small amount of weak alkaline water for dissolving;
step 203, pouring the aqueous solution of the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor into a stirring barrel, and stirring the aqueous solution of the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor with urea to ensure that the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor are uniformly attached to the surface of urea particles;
step 204, weighing calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride, placing the calcium superphosphate and the potassium chloride into a stirring barrel, and uniformly stirring the calcium superphosphate and the potassium chloride together with urea to form a mixture;
step 205, removing water in the mixture, sealing and storing;
and 3, preparing additional fertilizer, wherein the preparation process of the additional fertilizer comprises the following steps:
301, weighing urea in a certain proportion, and placing and stirring the urea;
step 302, adding a small amount of weak alkaline water into the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor for dissolving;
step 303, pouring the aqueous solution of the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor into a stirring barrel, and stirring the aqueous solution of the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor with urea to ensure that the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor are uniformly attached to the surface of urea particles;
304, removing water in the additional fertilizer, and sealing and storing;
and 5, applying additional fertilizer, namely spraying the additional fertilizer into the rice field during the tillering period of the rice, and judging whether the additional fertilizer needs to be applied or not according to the growth condition of the rice during the heading period of the rice.
The neutral and alkaline rice soil comprises typical non-zonal agricultural soil formed by planting rice after the initial breeding soil is developed from mauve sandstone, shale and mudstone which are rich in carbonic acid in subtropical regions, and atypical rice soil formed by applying a large amount of lime to the rice soil formed by the development of red soil for improvement. The soil is neutral or alkaline, and the pH value is 6.5-8.5; has strong nitrification capacity, 60 percent of field water holding capacity and the autotrophic nitrification rate of the soil under the indoor culture condition of 25 ℃ is more than 5mg N kg-1d-1Or the net nitrification rate is greater than 4mg N kg-1d-1. Preferably, the depth of the field surface water in the step 1 is 3-5cm, and the field soaking time is 24-168 hours. The depth of water and the field soaking time are both prepared for the subsequent rice planting, and a good cultivation foundation is laid. When the fertilizer is applied, the dosage of the base fertilizer is preferably 40-112kg per mu, and a 3-5cm water-flooded layer is kept for 8-10 days after the rice seedlings are transplanted. Preferably, the dosage of the topdressing applied in the tillering period is 4-9kg per mu, and the dosage of the topdressing applied in the heading period is 0-2kg per mu.
According to the nitrogen conversion characteristic of neutral and alkaline rice soil and the fertilizer requirement characteristic of rice, two fertilizers in different rice growth periods are provided, namely a base fertilizer and an additional fertilizer. In the prepared base fertilizer, the main components comprise 23.24-29.9% of urea, 45-48.61% of calcium superphosphate, 25-27.93% of potassium chloride, 0.05-0.11% of urease inhibitor NBPT and 0.05-0.11% of nitrification inhibitor DMPP. The main components of the top dressing formula comprise 90.00-99.35% of urea, 0.15-0.46% of nitrification inhibitor DMPP and 0.46-0.70% of urease inhibitor NBPT. It should be noted that the total amount of urea in the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer is 20-24kg per mu. Too little urea prevents the rice from obtaining due growth nutrition and is not beneficial to the growth of the rice; excessive urea not only increases certain pressure on rice growth and environment, but also increases certain economic pressure, and causes resource waste. Preferably, in steps 202 and 302, each gram of nitrification inhibitor or urease inhibitor is dissolved by 8-12ml of weak base. Nitrification inhibitors and urease inhibitors are susceptible to decomposition in acidic environments. The use of weakly alkaline water can avoid its decomposition. The pH of the weakly alkaline water may be between 7.5 and 9.0. From 0.1% to 1% dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution may be used. Solution after guaranteeing to make the dissolution can evenly be attached to urea granule surface, reduces the too much influence that causes fertilizer dissolving to urea itself of moisture simultaneously, alleviates the pressure that moisture was got rid of in the fertilizer in the later stage simultaneously. Preferably, the moisture in the fertilizer is removed in steps 205, 304 by hot blast.
The process flow required by the invention is simple, large-scale mechanical processing fertilizers or auxiliary fertilization are not needed, and the fertilizer is not only suitable for large-scale enterprises, but also suitable for local farmers, so that the application range of the fertilizer is wide; the nitrification inhibitor (DMPP) and the urease inhibitor (NBPT) are low in price, the yield of yield increase is far higher than the cost increase, and the method has good popularization value. The field verification test shows that the technology provided by the invention can improve the rice yield by 9-17%, improve the apparent utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer from 25% to 31-40% and reduce the loss rate of the nitrogen fertilizer from 60% to 40-45%. After deducting the cost, the net income increased by the method is about 100-.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the fertilizer formulation and nitrogen regulation method for south hill medium/alkaline rice field of this embodiment are described. The fertilizer formula comprises a base fertilizer formula and an additional fertilizer formula. In the base fertilizer, 23.24 percent of urea, 0.11 percent of urease inhibitor, 0.11 percent of nitrification inhibitor, 48.61 percent of calcium superphosphate and 27.93 percent of potassium chloride; in the top dressing, 99.08 percent of urea, 0.46 percent of urease inhibitor and 0.46 percent of nitrification inhibitor are added.
Preparing a base fertilizer: weighing 23.29kg of urea and adding into a stirring barrel; weighing 110g of urease inhibitor NBPT (n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide) and 110g of nitrification inhibitor DMPP (3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) and adding into 1.1L of weak alkaline water for dissolving; pouring 1.1L of nitrification inhibitor and urease inhibitor aqueous solution into a stirring barrel to be stirred with urea, so that the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor are uniformly attached to the surface of urea particles; weighing 48.72kg of calcium superphosphate and 27.99kg of potassium chloride into a stirring barrel, and uniformly stirring with urea; and (4) removing moisture in the fertilizer by using hot blast, and sealing and storing.
Preparing additional fertilizer: weighing 99.08kg of urea and adding into a stirring barrel; 460g of urease inhibitor NBPT (n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide) and 460g of nitrification inhibitor DMPP (3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) are weighed and added into 9.6L of weak alkaline water for dissolution; pouring 9.6L of nitrification inhibitor and urease inhibitor aqueous solution into a stirring barrel to be stirred with the urea, so that the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor are uniformly attached to the surface of urea particles; and (4) removing moisture in the fertilizer by using hot blast, and sealing and storing.
Wherein, the urea is a common chemical fertilizer sold in the market; the calcium superphosphate is a common chemical fertilizer sold in the market; potassium chloride is a common chemical fertilizer on the market.
The method for regulating and controlling nitrogen in the paddy field comprises the following steps:
step 1, soaking the field, namely introducing water into the paddy field, keeping the depth of the field surface water of 3-5cm, and soaking the soil of the plough layer for 72 hours.
And 2, applying a base fertilizer, uniformly spreading the prepared base fertilizer into the field according to the dosage of 93.34kg per mu after field soaking is finished, and then carrying out plowing and harrowing operation and transplanting rice seedlings. After applying base fertilizer and transplanting rice seedlings, a water flooding layer of 4cm is kept for 10 days.
And 3, applying additional fertilizer, and uniformly spraying the prepared additional fertilizer into the rice field according to the dosage of 6.58kg per mu on the 14 th day after rice transplanting, namely the tillering period of the rice. During the heading period of the rice, the rice is observed to have no sign of fertilizer shortage about 60 days after rice transplanting, so that additional fertilizer is not applied.
The embodiment can improve the rice yield by about 17 percent, improve the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer by about 20 percent, reduce the loss rate by about 20 percent and increase the net income by about 190 yuan per mu on average.
Example two
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the fertilizer formulation and nitrogen regulation method for south hill medium/alkaline rice field of this embodiment are described. In the base fertilizer, 29.9 percent of urea, 0.05 percent of urease inhibitor, 0.05 percent of nitrification inhibitor, 45 percent of calcium superphosphate and 25 percent of potassium chloride; in the top dressing, 99.35% of urea, 0.5% of urease inhibitor and 0.15% of nitrification inhibitor are added.
Preparing a base fertilizer: weighing 29.90kg of urea and adding into a stirring barrel; weighing 50g of nitrification inhibitor DMPP (3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) and 50g of urease inhibitor, and adding the mixture into 500mL of weak alkaline water for dissolving; 500mL of nitrification inhibitor and urease inhibitor aqueous solution are poured into a stirring barrel to be stirred with urea, so that the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor are uniformly attached to the surface of urea particles; weighing 45kg of calcium superphosphate and 25kg of potassium chloride into a stirring barrel, and uniformly stirring with urea; and (4) removing moisture in the fertilizer by using hot blast, and sealing and storing.
Preparing additional fertilizer: weighing 19.87kg of urea and adding into a stirring barrel; weighing 100g of nitrification inhibitor DMPP (3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) and 30g of urease inhibitor NBPT (N-butyl triammonium phosphate) and adding the mixture into 650mL of weak alkaline water for dissolving; 650mL of nitrification inhibitor and urease inhibitor aqueous solution are poured into a stirring barrel to be stirred with urea, so that the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor are uniformly attached to the surface of urea particles; and (4) removing moisture in the fertilizer by using hot blast, and sealing and storing.
The method for regulating and controlling nitrogen in the paddy field comprises the following steps:
step 1, soaking the field, namely introducing water into the paddy field, keeping the depth of the field surface water of 3-5cm, and soaking the soil of the plough layer for 72 hours.
And 2, applying a base fertilizer, uniformly spreading the prepared base fertilizer into the field according to the dosage of 93.34kg per mu after field soaking is finished, and then carrying out plowing and harrowing operation and transplanting rice seedlings. After applying base fertilizer and transplanting rice seedlings, a water flooding layer of 4cm is kept for 10 days.
And 3, applying additional fertilizer, and uniformly spraying the prepared additional fertilizer into the rice field according to the dosage of 6.58kg per mu on the 14 th day after rice transplanting, namely the tillering period of the rice. During the heading period of the rice, the rice is observed to have no sign of fertilizer shortage about 60 days after rice transplanting, so that additional fertilizer is not applied.
The embodiment can improve the rice yield by about 13 percent, improve the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer by about 7 percent, reduce the loss rate by about 15 percent and increase the net income by about 120 RMB per mu on average.
EXAMPLE III
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the fertilizer formulation and nitrogen regulation method for south hill medium/alkaline rice field of this embodiment are described. The fertilizer formula comprises a base fertilizer formula and an additional fertilizer formula. In the base fertilizer, 23.24 percent of urea, 0.11 percent of urease inhibitor, 0.11 percent of nitrification inhibitor, 48.61 percent of calcium superphosphate and 27.93 percent of potassium chloride; in the top dressing, 90% of urea, 9% of potassium chloride, 0.7% of urease inhibitor and 0.3% of nitrification inhibitor are added.
Preparing a base fertilizer: weighing 23.29kg of urea and adding into a stirring barrel; weighing 110g of urease inhibitor NBPT (n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide) and 110g of nitrification inhibitor DMPP (3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) and adding into 1100ml of weak alkaline water for dissolving; pouring 1100mL of nitrification inhibitor and urease inhibitor aqueous solution into a stirring barrel to be stirred with urea, so that the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor are uniformly attached to the surface of urea particles; weighing 48.72kg of calcium superphosphate and 27.99kg of potassium chloride into a stirring barrel, and uniformly stirring with urea; and (4) removing moisture in the fertilizer by using hot blast, and sealing and storing.
Preparing additional fertilizer: weighing 90kg of urea and adding the urea into a stirring barrel; weighing 700g of nitrification inhibitor DMPP (3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) and 300g of urease inhibitor NBPT (n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide) and adding into 5000mL of weak alkaline water for dissolving; 5000mL of nitrification inhibitor and urease inhibitor aqueous solution is poured into a stirring barrel to be stirred with the urea, so that the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor are uniformly attached to the surface of urea particles; weighing 9kg of potassium chloride into a stirring barrel and uniformly stirring with urea; and (4) removing moisture in the fertilizer by using hot blast, and sealing and storing.
The method for regulating and controlling nitrogen in the paddy field comprises the following steps:
step 1, soaking the field, namely introducing water into the paddy field, keeping the depth of the field surface water of 3-5cm, and soaking the soil of the plough layer for 72 hours.
And 2, applying a base fertilizer, uniformly spreading the prepared base fertilizer into the field according to the dosage of 93.34kg per mu after field soaking is finished, and then carrying out plowing and harrowing operation and transplanting rice seedlings. After applying base fertilizer and transplanting rice seedlings, a water flooding layer of 4cm is kept for 10 days.
And 3, applying additional fertilizer, and uniformly spraying the prepared additional fertilizer into the rice field according to the dosage of 6.58kg per mu on the 14 th day after rice transplanting, namely the tillering period of the rice. During the heading period of the rice, the rice is observed to have no sign of fertilizer shortage about 60 days after rice transplanting, so that additional fertilizer is not applied.
The embodiment can improve the rice yield by about 13 percent, improve the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer by about 7 percent, reduce the loss rate by about 12 percent and increase the net income by about 100 yuan RMB per mu on average.
The following comparative experiments were carried out in alkaline paddy fields in southern red soil hilly areas, the specific implementation steps being as above. The average pH of the rice field is 7.8, the calcium carbonate content is 0.8 percent, and the rice field belongs to weak alkaline soil; and has strong nitrification capacity, the average autotrophic nitrification rate is 14.54mg N kg-1d-1。
Comparative example one (No nitrogenous fertilizer, urease inhibitor, nitrification inhibitor)
CK, no application of nitrogenous fertilizer, normal application of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer;
comparative example two (without urease inhibitor, nitrification inhibitor)
Urea 29.3%, calcium superphosphate 48.7% and potassium chloride 30% in the base fertilizer; in the top dressing, the urea content is 100%.
Preparing a base fertilizer: weighing 15.4kg of urea and adding into a stirring barrel; weighing 25.60kg of calcium superphosphate and 15.77kg of potassium chloride into a stirring barrel, and uniformly stirring with urea; and (4) removing moisture in the fertilizer by using hot blast, and sealing and storing.
Preparing additional fertilizer: 6.6kg of urea is weighed and stored in a sealed bag.
The total amount of the applied urea is 22kg per mu, and no additional fertilizer is applied in the heading period.
Comparative example III (without urease inhibitor)
DMPP treatment, wherein in a base fertilizer, 29.3 percent of urea, 48.7 percent of calcium superphosphate and 30 percent of potassium chloride are contained; in the top dressing, the urea content is 100%. Adding a nitrification inhibitor DMPP accounting for 0.45 percent of the mass of the urea into the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer.
Preparing a base fertilizer: weighing 15.4kg of urea and adding into a stirring barrel; weighing 69.3g of nitrification inhibitor DMPP (3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) and adding into 350ml of weak alkaline water for dissolving; 350ml of nitrification inhibitor aqueous solution is poured into a stirring barrel to be stirred with the urea, so that the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor are uniformly attached to the surface of urea particles; weighing 25.60kg of calcium superphosphate and 15.77kg of potassium chloride into a stirring barrel, and uniformly stirring with urea; and (4) removing moisture in the fertilizer by using hot blast, and sealing and storing.
Preparing additional fertilizer: weighing 6.6kg of urea and adding into a stirring barrel; weighing 29.7g of nitrification inhibitor DMPP (3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) and adding into 150ml of weak alkaline water for dissolving; pouring 150ml of nitrification inhibitor aqueous solution into a stirring barrel to be stirred with the urea, so that the nitrification inhibitor is uniformly attached to the surface of urea particles; and (3) removing water in the fertilizer by using hot blast, and sealing and storing the fertilizer (the weight is weighed as required per mu).
Comparative example four
DMPP + NBPT treatment, wherein in the base fertilizer, 29.3 percent of urea, 48.7 percent of calcium superphosphate and 30 percent of potassium chloride are contained; in the top dressing, the urea content is 100%. Nitrification inhibitors DMPP and urease inhibitors NBPT which are equivalent to 0.45 percent of the mass of the urea are added into the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer.
Preparing a base fertilizer: weighing 15.4kg of urea and adding into a stirring barrel; weighing 69.3g of urease inhibitor NBPT (n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide) and 69.3g of nitrification inhibitor DMPP (3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) and adding into 300ml of weak alkaline water for dissolving; pouring 300ml of nitrification inhibitor and urease inhibitor aqueous solution into a stirring barrel to be stirred with urea, so that the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor are uniformly attached to the surface of urea particles; weighing 25.60kg of calcium superphosphate and 15.77kg of potassium chloride into a stirring barrel, and uniformly stirring with urea; and (4) removing moisture in the fertilizer by using hot blast, and sealing and storing.
Preparing additional fertilizer: weighing 6.6kg of urea and adding into a stirring barrel; weighing 29.7g of urease inhibitor NBPT (n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide) and 29.7g of nitrification inhibitor DMPP (3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) and adding into 300ml of weak alkaline water for dissolving; pouring 300ml of nitrification inhibitor and urease inhibitor aqueous solution into a stirring barrel to be stirred with urea, so that the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor are uniformly attached to the surface of urea particles; and (3) removing water in the fertilizer by using hot blast, and sealing and storing the fertilizer (the weight is weighed as required per mu).
Each comparative case was set with 3 identical parallel tests, totaling 12 test areas, which were randomly grouped and arranged. Meanwhile, an indoor culture test is also set, the influence of the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor on the nitrogen transformation in the rice soil is explored, a 15N isotope labeled micro-area mark is used, and the conditions of nitrogen fertilizer loss and the like in the rice growth period are explored.
The results show that, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, compared with the first comparative example, the fertilizer formula of the third comparative example after the nitrification inhibitor is added can well inhibit the rate of the conversion process of ammonium nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen, so that the form of inorganic nitrogen supplied by soil is better matched with the form of inorganic nitrogen of rice; compared with the case IV, the fertilizer formula after the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor are added simultaneously can well inhibit the rate of the conversion process of the ammonium nitrogen into the nitrate nitrogen and the rate of urea hydrolysis into the ammonium nitrogen, so that the form of the inorganic nitrogen supplied by soil is better matched with the inorganic nitrogen of the rice, and the problem of ammonia volatilization caused by the over-fast increase of the concentration of the ammonium nitrogen can be reduced.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the average rice yield of the comparative example III treated with the nitrification inhibitor is 9% higher than that of the comparative example II without the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor, and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is 24% higher; the average rice yield of the comparative case IV added with the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor is 17 percent higher than that of the comparative case II added with no nitrification inhibitor and no urease inhibitor, and the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is 40 percent higher.
According to the field as shown in FIG. 515The result of the N micro-area marking shows that the loss amount of the nitrogen fertilizer treated by adding the nitrification inhibitor in the third comparative case is about one third less than the loss amount of the nitrogen fertilizer without adding the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor in the second comparative case; the loss amount of the nitrogen fertilizer of the fourth comparative case added with the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor is about one third less than that of the second comparative case added with no nitrification inhibitor and no urease inhibitor.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A fertilizer formula for a southern hilly medium/alkaline paddy field comprises a base fertilizer formula and an additional fertilizer formula, and is characterized in that: the main components of the base fertilizer formula comprise 23.24-29.9% of urea, 45-48.61% of calcium superphosphate, 25-27.93% of potassium chloride, 0.05-0.11% of urease inhibitor NBPT and 0.05-0.11% of nitrification inhibitor DMPP, and the main components of the top dressing formula comprise 90.00-99.35% of urea, 0.15-0.46% of nitrification inhibitor DMPP and 0.46-0.70% of urease inhibitor NBPT.
2. The fertilizer formulation for south hill mid/alkaline paddy field of claim 1 wherein: the additional fertilizer also comprises potassium chloride, and the proportion of the potassium chloride is 5% -9%.
3. The fertilizer formulation for south hill mid/alkaline paddy field of claim 1 wherein: the urea is commercially available common urea, the urease inhibitor NBPT is n-butyl triammonium phosphate, the CAS number is 94317-64-3, the nitrification inhibitor DMPP is 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, and the CAS number is 202842-98-6.
4. A method of controlling nitrogen in a fertilizer formulation according to any one of claims 1-2, comprising the steps of:
step 1, soaking the field, namely introducing water into the rice field, keeping the depth of the water on the field surface, and soaking the soil of a plough layer, wherein the soil is neutral or alkaline, and the pH value is 6.5-8.5;
step 2, preparing a base fertilizer, wherein the preparation process of the base fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step 201, weighing a certain proportion of urea and placing the urea in a stirring barrel;
step 202, adding a nitrification inhibitor and a urease inhibitor into a small amount of weak alkaline water for dissolving;
step 203, pouring the aqueous solution of the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor into a stirring barrel, and stirring the aqueous solution of the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor with urea to ensure that the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor are uniformly attached to the surface of urea particles;
step 204, weighing calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride, placing the calcium superphosphate and the potassium chloride into a stirring barrel, and uniformly stirring the calcium superphosphate and the potassium chloride together with urea to form a mixture;
step 205, removing water in the mixture, sealing and storing;
step 3, additional fertilizer is prepared, and the preparation process of the additional fertilizer comprises the following steps:
301, weighing urea in a certain proportion, and placing and stirring the urea;
step 302, adding a small amount of weak alkaline water into the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor for dissolving;
step 303, pouring the aqueous solution of the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor into a stirring barrel, and stirring the aqueous solution of the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor with urea to ensure that the nitrification inhibitor and the urease inhibitor are uniformly attached to the surface of urea particles;
304, removing water in the additional fertilizer, and sealing and storing;
step 4, applying a base fertilizer, uniformly spreading the base fertilizer into the field after field soaking is finished, then carrying out plowing and harrowing operation, applying the base fertilizer to rice seedlings and transplanting rice seedlings, and keeping a water-flooded layer for a period of time;
and 5, applying additional fertilizer, namely spraying the additional fertilizer into the rice field during the tillering period of the rice, and judging whether the additional fertilizer needs to be applied or not according to the growth condition of the rice during the heading period of the rice.
5. The method of claim 4 for controlling nitrogen in southern hill moderate/alkaline rice fields, wherein: the content of calcium carbonate in the soil in the step 1 is 0.2-3%.
6. The method of claim 4 for controlling nitrogen in southern hill moderate/alkaline rice fields, wherein: the main components of the base fertilizer comprise 23.24-29.9% of urea, 45-48.61% of calcium superphosphate, 25-27.93% of potassium chloride, 0.05-0.11% of urease inhibitor NBPT and 0.05-0.11% of nitrification inhibitor DMPP.
7. The method of claim 4 for controlling nitrogen in southern hill moderate/alkaline rice fields, wherein: the main components of the top dressing comprise 90.00-99.35% of urea, 0.15-0.46% of nitrification inhibitor DMPP and 0.46-0.70% of urease inhibitor NBPT.
8. The method of claim 4 for controlling nitrogen in southern hill moderate/alkaline rice fields, wherein: the depth of the water on the surface of the field in the step 1 is 3-5cm, the field soaking time is 24-168 hours, and the step 4 is to keep a 3-5cm flooded layer for 8-10 days after the rice seedlings are transplanted.
9. The method of claim 4 for controlling nitrogen in southern hill moderate/alkaline rice fields, wherein: the application amount of the base fertilizer is 40-112kg per mu, the application amount of the additional fertilizer is 4-9kg per mu during tillering, the application amount of the additional fertilizer is 0-2kg per mu during heading, and the total amount of urea in the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer is 20-24kg per mu.
10. The method of claim 4 for controlling nitrogen in southern hill moderate/alkaline rice fields, wherein: in the steps 202 and 302, each gram of nitrification inhibitor or urease inhibitor is matched with 8-12ml of weak alkaline water for dissolution, the pH value of the weak alkaline water solution is 7.5-9.0, 0.1% -1% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution is used for blending, and in the steps 205 and 304, a hot blast method is adopted for removing water in the fertilizer.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103044166A (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2013-04-17 | 黑龙江金事达农业科技开发有限公司 | Novel formula fertilizer special for paddy rice |
| CN108901707A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2018-11-30 | 益阳金田新凤生态农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of rice |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103044166A (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2013-04-17 | 黑龙江金事达农业科技开发有限公司 | Novel formula fertilizer special for paddy rice |
| CN108901707A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2018-11-30 | 益阳金田新凤生态农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of rice |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 王静等: "脲酶／硝化抑制剂对沿淮平原水稻产量、氮肥利用率及稻田氮素的影响", 《水土保持学报》, vol. 33, no. 5, pages 211 - 216 * |
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